人教版(2024)七年级上册Unit 7 Happy Birthday单元整体分析

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人教版(2024)七年级上册Unit 7 Happy Birthday单元整体分析

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Unit 7 Happy Birthday!
单元教学设计
一、单元概览与目标设计
单元内容概述
木单元围绕“庆祝生日”这一主题展开,该主题与课标要求的“人与自我”主题范畴中的“丰富 的生活、白我认识、理性消费”子话题,以及“人与社会”主题范畴中的“人际交往”子话题密切相 关。过生日是学生感兴趣的主题。在学习本单元主题内容的过程中,学生将和同学、朋友交流与生日 有关的话题,增进彼此的了解,加强与家人、朋友的情感纽带,还能够了解世界不同地区的人们庆祝 生日的方式,深入探究生日的意义,了解更多有意义的庆祝生日的方式。
本单元Section A围绕 “How do we celebrate birthdays ” 这个引导性问题展开,呈现了关于生日 日期、聚会的时间、生日礼物的选择、庆祝生日的方式、为生日聚会购物等内容,让学生通过听力 理解和对话模仿,能够就生日庆祝交流想法和观点,增进彼此的了解和感情。在Section A的基础上, Section B进一步引导学生探讨 “How do you make your birthday meaningful ” 这个重要问题。本部分 阅读篇章采用论坛交流形式,展现了不同国家和地区的人们庆祝生日的不同方式,让学生了解中外庆 祝生日的传统习俗和主人公的一些个性化的庆祝方式,目的是让学生在提高语言能力的同时,扩大国 际视野,提升文化素养。写作部分让学生描述自己过生日的方式,思考过生日的意义。本单元两个部 分的引导性问题“人们怎样庆祝生日”和“怎样让生日过得更有意义”层层递进,指向本单元的大问 题,即“我们为什么要庆祝生日 ”(Why do we celebrate birthdays )。本单元引导学生思考人们庆祝 生日的原因和过生日的意义,每个生日都是生活的馈赠,在年龄增长一岁的那一天,我们回顾过往、 珍惜现在、感恩父母、珍惜友情,对未来生活进行展望并表达祝福。
本单元的项目活动让学生寻找与自己同月出生的同学,并共同为某月出生的同学设计一场集体生 日会。学生做项目活动时不仅需要灵活运用本单元所学语言,还需要思考如何让集体生日过得更有意 义。拓展阅读板块呈现的三张生日卡分别是父亲为儿子、女儿为妈妈、朋友为朋友写的生日祝福,表 达了对亲人和朋友的深厚情感,再次呼应了本单元的大问题,即生日是表达爱与祝福的日子。
总而言之,本单元围绕“庆祝生日”这个主题以及“Why do we celebrate birthdays ”这个大问 题,安排了相关话题内容和语言活动,由浅入深地引导学生探究本单元的主题意义,让他们理解纪念 和庆祝生日的意义,同时,庆祝生日也是亲人和朋友之间表达祝福和爱的方式,增进与他人的人际关 系。本单元还引导学生发现更多有意义的度过生日的方式,丰富自己的生活。教材还将个性化的庆祝 生日方式拓展到不同地区和文化背景下传统的生日庆祝习俗,以此拓宽学生的视野,培养他们的文化 意识,提高他们跨文化理解和沟通交流的能力。
单元学习目标
通过本单元的学习,学生能够:
> 借由生日的主题语境,学会正确使用月份名称和序数词表达日期,谈论生日或聚会 的时间;
讨论庆祝生日的方式和生日礼物的选择等,提高人际交往和沟通能力;
> 正确使用数词谈论物品的数量和价格,并用英语进行日常购物会话,提高对理性消 费的认识,培养健康的消费习惯;
> 利用社交媒体简单介绍自己过生日的方式,并从不同角度思考庆祝生日的方式,提 升自己对生日意义的认知;
> 听辨并准确认读音素/h/ 、/r/ 、/1 、/m/ 、/n/ 、/n/ 、/w/ 、/j/; 掌握英语中升、降调的基 本规则,初步理解语调可以用来表达情感和态度;
通过阅读了解不同国家和地区庆祝生日的传统习俗,以及不同方式所蕴含的意义, 提高学生跨文化理解、沟通与交流的能力;
> 理解和探究人们庆祝生日的原因,真诚地表达对家人和朋友的生日祝福,增进彼此 的感情。
二、单元内容分析与教学建议
Why do we celebrate birthdays
内容分析
本单元标题Happy Birthday!是人们过生日时最常使用的一句生日祝福语。开篇页的主题图展示的 正是一个庆祝生日的场景:一家三代人围在一起为小女孩庆祝生日。房间里布置了彩旗和气球,女孩 头上还戴着象征生日的“皇冠”,一派喜庆气氛。小女孩正遐想着自己即将要许下的甜蜜愿望,一家 人脸上都洋溢着幸福的笑容,画面温馨甜蜜。Look and share部分的前两个问题引导学生观察主题图, 分析图片场景和人物活动,第三个问题关联学生自身庆祝生日的方式,让学生结合自身情况进行交 流,引导学生进入本单元的主题学习。
开篇页还呈现了本单元的大问题 “Why do we celebrate birthdays ”,引导学生思考生日的意义,
并探究人们庆祝生日的行为背后所蕴含的多层意义。开篇页还列举了本单元的主要学习内容和目标, 包括谈论和生日主题有关的内容,用英语表达日期和购物,探究人们庆祝生日的方式和原因等。
能够通过观察图片和单元标题获取本单元“庆祝生日”的主题信息。
能够通过对主题图的讨论,熟悉单元主题语境,激活与生日庆祝相关的背景知识。 能够明确本单元的主要学习目标和任务。
教学建议
1. 导入单元话题。教师可以跟学生自然交流,通过问题导入单元话题。例如 “In our lives,each of us has a special day to celebrate.Do you know what it is ”。学生回答出birthday 后,教师再问几个学生 “When is your birthday ”。
2.学生浏览开篇页,观察并讨论主题图。学生仔细观察主题图,教师提出问题,引导学生描述主 题图。例如:
●How many people can you see in thepicture Who do you think they are
What's the little girl doing
● What are the other people doing
Whose birthday is it
How are they feeling
How do you feel on your birthday
celebrate是个生词,也是本单元重要的话题词,出现频率比较高,教师可以给出例句,或给出英 文释义,让学生通过上下文猜测该词的意思。例如:
●I eat a birthday cake to celebrate my birthday.
●People usually watch dragon boat races and eat zongzi to celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival. When we celebrate,we do something special to show a day or an event is important.
3.教师读本单元的大问题“Why do we celebrate birthdays ”,引发学生思考,提醒学生这是个开 放性问题,不用着急给出全面的回答,学完这个单元后会讨论这个问题。
4.学生阅读本单元的学习内容导引,明确本单元的主要学习活动和内容。教师提醒学生,这些内 容都是相关联的,例如,谈到生日一般会谈到具体的日期,谈日期就会用到序数词,序数词也是本单 元的一个语言学习目标。
Section A How do we celebrate birthdays
内容分析
文本分析:本单元的听力文本包含三个对话,分别为三个不同场景,都围绕“生日”这一主题展 开。在第一个对话中,Fu Xing向Helen表达生日祝福,Helen也借机询问Fu Xing的生日和年龄,并邀 请她参加自己的生日聚会。在第二个对话中,Teng Fei不知道给父亲送什么生日礼物,于是向Ella征 求意见。在第三个对话中,Peter向Meimei询问Ms Gao的生日,想在她生日这天为她表演节目。这三 个对话都包含了本单元的核心目标语言:when 引导的询问日期和时间的特殊疑问句,以及日期的表达 法,同时复习了how old引导的询问年龄和why引导的询问原因的特殊疑问句。这三个对话分别从生 日日期、聚会时间、生日礼物、庆祝方式等不同方面引导学生听并讨论这些与生日主题相关的内容。
这三个对话还呈现了庆祝生日的三种方式,即举办聚会、送生日卡、为寿星唱歌弹吉他。对话中 话轮的推进还体现出说话人良好的沟通和人际交往能力。例如,在第一个对话中,Fu Xing能记住好 友Helen的生日,并送出生日祝福,体现了对朋友的关爱。Helen收到祝福后,立刻询问Fu Xing的生 日,并发出聚会邀请,显示出她对Fu Xing的友好、关注和礼貌。在第二个对话中,Teng Fei能记住 父亲的生日并准备礼物,显示出他对父亲的爱。在第三个对话中,Peter作为留学生,能够积极地为 中国班主任高老师筹划生日庆祝活动,体现出他对班主任的喜爱和感谢。这三位主人公在人际交往中 展现出来的积极态度和良好行为值得学生学习。另外,三个对话还体现了对话应遵循的“礼貌原则”, 如:Fu Xing对Helen说 “Happy birthday!” 后 ,Helen 立即表达感谢(Thank you,Fu Xing!); 听 到 Helen发出的聚会邀请,Fu Xing欣然接受(I'd love to come!); 听 到Teng Fei说要给父亲准备生日礼 物 ,Ella 给出肯定的回应(Oh,that's sweet,Teng Fei!);听到Ella的建议,Teng Fei也积极回应(That's a good idea!); 听到Peter为Ms Gao庆祝生日的点子后,Meimei表示认可(Great idea!)。关于如何礼 貌地回应对方,这些表达用语和对话策略值得学生关注。
活动设计:活动1a—1e是一个完整的听说任务链,其中1a让学生听月份和日期,学习和巩固月 份和表达日期的序数词的读音,建立音形之间的联系,这些月份名称和日期序数词为后面对话作好词
汇上的铺垫。1b—1c是主要的听力活动。活动1b让学生听后获取对话中提到的生日信息,考查他们获 取关键信息的能力。需注意的是,听力对话中的日期采用的是英式英语的读法。在英式英语中,8月2 日写作2nd August或2 August,即日期在前,月份在后,读作the second of August。美式英语日期的写 法有所不同,如8月2日写作August 2nd或August 2,即月份在前,日期在后。教材以“小贴士”的形 式解释了这一区别。活动1c分别对三个对话提出了一个问题,考查学生获取对话中其他细节信息的能 力。活动1d是听后口语输出活动,提供了对话中会用到的目标语言 “How old .. ”“When is .. ”,让 学生互相询问个人信息,增进彼此的了解。
能够准确读写12个月份的英文词汇和1—31的序数词。
能够准确获取听力中的生日日期信息,并了解美式英语和英式英语关于日期表达的 差异。
能够在日常交流中就年龄和生日日期进行问答。
能够邀请友人参加生日聚会,并就生日礼物的准备、为他人庆祝生日的方式交流想法。
教学建议
1. 学习月份单词和表达日期的序数词
(1)教师播放活动1a关于月份的单词录音,让学生跟读。值得注意的是,12个月份单词中有六 个是多音节词,教师应提醒学生注意重读音节,可提问学生“How many syllables are there in the word “January /February /September /October /November/December" ”。教师把这些发音较难的单词写在 黑板上,标出音节中的主体(即元音)和重音。例如:
'January 'February Sep'tember Qc'tober
No'vember De'cember
可以看出,January和February有四个音节,重读都在第一个音节,September、October、 November、December各有三个音节,重读都在第二个音节。
(2)教师播放活动1a关于序数词的录音,让学生跟读。教师用课件呈现比较特殊的序数词的完整 形式,然后请几个学生在每个序数词后写出其简写形式,以及对应的基数词。最后,教师通过歌谣和 全班学生一起总结基数词变序数词的规律。例如:
基变序,有规律,
一 、二 、三,特殊记,th 从四记。
八去t,九去e,ve 要用f替 ,ty变成tie; 几十几,要牢记。首数用基,尾用序。
教师应多鼓励学生,让他们不要被这些变化规则吓倒,可以把这些词当作生词,生词用得多了就 熟悉了,最重要的是多练。教师需提醒学生序数词结尾的-th的发音要领,即伸出舌头,上下牙轻咬 舌尖。
(3)听前热身。教师拿一本台历,逐一询问学生 “When is your birthday ”,学生翻到台历中自己 的生日月份,并指着自己生日的那一天,回答“My birthday is on...(date)….(month).”,通过这种方式 引导学生练习月份单词和序数词。
2. 听力理解
(1)朗读日期,熟悉日期读音和写法。在播放录音前,教师让学生熟悉活动1b中的四个日期,让 学生两人一组,一个学生读日期,另一个学生写下听到的日期。这种训练可以帮助学生建立英文日期 的音形联系,还可帮助学生掌握日期读法,同时也可为接下来的听力任务作准备。
(2)听活动1b 录音,完成人物及其生日的匹配。教师播放录音,要求学生合上书,准备纸笔,边 听录音边记笔记。这三个对话的关键信息就是主人公的名字和生日。为了便于学生作记录,教师可以 教授12个月份的英文缩写形式,即Jan( 一 月)、Feb(二月)、Mar (三月)、Apr (四月)、Jun(六月)、 Jul(七月)、Aug (八月)、Sep/Sept (九月)、Oct(十月)、Nov (十 一 月)、Dec (十二月)。月份缩 写一般截取月份单词的前三个字母,May 没有缩写形式。在记笔记时,学生只需要写出月份的缩写形 式,日期则可以直接用阿拉伯数字代替。教师可提醒学生日期在英式英语和美式英语中有不同的写法 和读法。注意:表示序数词的最后两个字母 “st 、nd 、rd 、th” 在书写时可以省略,但在口头表达时要 读出序数词的词缀。
教师引导学生两人一组采用问答形式核对答案,教师在黑板上写下关键句型。例如:
● When is Helen's birthday On 3rd December.
● When is Fu Xing's birthday On 22nd August.
● When is Teng Fei's father's birthday On 9th January
●When is Ms Gao's birthday On 12th June.
(3)听活动1c录音,回答更多细节问题。教师让学生先浏览1c活动中的问题,让他们带着问题 再次听录音,完成1c活动。教师可以设计更多问题让学生回答。例如:
●How does Helenwant to celebrate her birthday
● Whenis Helen's birthday party
●In which month do you think Teng Fei and Ella's conversation happens
●Why does Peter want to know Ms Gao's birthday
(4)再次听录音,关注对话中的礼貌回应。教师给学生解释,为了让对话在友好的气氛中顺利进 行,对话者需要认真倾听对方所说内容,然后得体礼貌地回应。教师让学生找出对话中表示积极回应的表达。例如:
Expression Polite response
Happy birthday,Helen! Thank you,Fu Xing!
So can you come to my birthday party Sure!
At6 o'clock this evening. I'd love to come!
I want to give my father a birthday gift. Oh,that's sweet,Teng Fei!
You can make a card for him. That's a good idea!
Because I want us all to give her a surprise. Sounds fun!
Let's sing a song for her.I'll play the guitar. Good idea!
教学提示:礼貌的回应包含多个方面的内容,例如,对别人给自己的祝福或邀请表示感谢、对别人 提出的观点表示赞赏、对别人行为表示鼓励等,这些回应一般都是比较积极、肯定的表达。在对话 教学中,教师需要时常提醒学生关注如何礼貌、得体地回应对方说的话,并在交流中运用这些技巧 和表达法,做一个礼貌的对话者。
(5)听录音,跟读对话。教师再次播放录音,让学生跟读对话,提醒学生注意重音、语调和节 奏,并把自己代入角色中,有感情地朗读对话。待学生熟悉对话内容后,让学生分角色扮演对话。
3. 口语表达
(1)教师把学生分为小组,布置1d 的任务,小组成员需要明确自己的职责,如由谁记录生日,谁 负责最后汇报等。教师与一位学生互动,为全班展示活动1d 的对话,并提示学生回答生日日期时发音 要清晰响亮,教师示范如何记录该学生的生日日期。
(2)小组成员开展有关生日的调查,可以采用开火车的方式,即学生A问,学生B答,学生B 接 着提问,学生C 回答。记录员记录组内成员生日,并按年龄从小到大排序。
(3)各组汇报员向全班汇报,如 “There are ten students in my group.Li Ming is the youngest.He is
13 years old and his birthday is on..”。
拓展活动:猜月份游戏
活动形式:结对活动
活动目的:巩固12个月份的英文表达法,包括读音和写法。
活动步骤:学生两人一组,轮流描述一个月份,让对方猜自己描述的月份,并拼写出该单词。 示范1
S1:Which month comcs bcforc Fcbruary
S2:January.J-A-N-U-A-R-Y.Which is the third month of the year S1:...
示范2
S1:Which month is New Year's Day in S2:January..
内容分析
本单元活动1为音素学习内容,本部分呈现了余下的八个辅音音素:h/、Ir1、1V、/m/、/n/、/n 、 /w/、j, 除了/h/是清辅音,其他都是浊辅音,其中/m/ 、/n 、n/ 是鼻音。活动1通过听读训练,帮助学 生认识这八个辅音音素的音标,并建立音形联系,掌握这八个辅音音素的发音。本单元的朗读技巧聚焦 两个最基本的语调,即降调和升调。活动2是一个幽默对话,契合本单元生日主题,重点训练这两个语 调,让学生能在听读和模仿中体会这两个语调的特点和所表达的含义,并在以后的交流中能正确运用这 两个语调。
语音知识
1.英语音素总结
至此,本书已介绍了英语的全部音素,包括20个元音音素和24个辅音音素,见下表。
元音 单元音 前元音:/i://i//e// / 中元音:/3:// //A/ 后元音:/u://o// ://o//a:/
双元音 合口双元音:/ei//ai//o //e //au/ 集中双元音:/i //e // /
辅音 清辅音 /p//t//k//f//s//θ//J//t]//h/
浊辅音 /b//d//g//v//z//8// //d //r//1//m//n//n//w//j
2.英语语调
英语的语调就是说话时调门的上升或下降、声音的高亢或低沉。语调影响说话人所要表达的意 图,可以表达说话人的态度、感情和情绪。语调能赋予句子各种不同的含义和感彩:是亲切还是 冷淡,是客气还是唐突,是断言还是商榷,都可以从语调中听出来。学习英语口语时,要特别注重语 调,因为人们会使用不同的语调来表达话语的意思、态度、情感、情绪或言外之意等。有时语调错误 比单词发音不准所造成的后果更为严重。同样一句话,如果用了不同的语调,表达的意思可能大不相 同。例如:
Yes. 是的。(表示肯定)
Yes 是吗 (或“嗯,什么事 ”)
You're going to Jane's party,\aren't you (说话人比较确定对方会去参加简的聚会)
You're going to Jane'sparty,Jaren't you (说话人不太确定对方会去参加简的聚会)
英语有两种基本的语调,即降调和升调。降调的基本意义就是“确定”(certainty)和“完结 (finality)”,常用于陈述句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句的后半部分、附加疑问句中的提问部分、表示 命令或建议的祈使句、感叹句等。例如:
Let's go and buy something for the \party.
What's your \name
It's a nice day,\isn't it
升调的基本意义是“不确定(uncertainty)”和“末完结(non-finality)”,通常用于一般疑问句、 表示请求的祈使句、用陈述句形式表示疑问的各类句子,以及表示意思未完结的情况。例如:
Can I help /you
Yourbirthday is in July,/isn't it
Our store hasJapples,/pears,Joranges,and )more.
学习目标
能够了解八个辅音音素/h/、/r1、11、/m/、/nl、n、/w、j/的发音特点,并能准确
读出这些音,以及含有这些音的单词。
能够了解降调和升调的特点和基本意义,正确朗读这两个基本语调,并能根据语境 判断使用恰当的语调。
教学建议
活动1
1.学生听活动1的录音,体会这八个辅音的发音特点。教师提出问题引导学生思考:哪些音是清 辅音 哪些音是浊辅音 通过仔细听辨,学生可以听出只有发/h/时,声带没有振动,因而这个音是 清辅音,其他音都是浊辅音。
2.教师示范发音,分析发音特点。学生认真听并体会教师的发音,同时把手放在声带上,感受自 己发辅音时声带是否振动。下面呈现的是本单元学习的八个辅音的发音要领,供教师参考。
音素 发音要领
/h/(清辅音) 气流从口腔逸出时不受阻碍,只是在通过声门时形成轻微的摩擦。
/r/(浊辅音) 舌尖向上齿龈接近,微微上翘,舌身前部微凹,双唇微突出。
续表
音素 发音要领
/I/(浊辅音) 舌尖紧抵上齿龈,舌前端向硬腭抬起,气流从舌的两侧逸出。
/m/,/n/,/ / (浊辅音) 鼻音发音的共同特点:软腭下垂,口腔通道完全阻塞,气流从鼻腔出来。 发/m/时,双唇紧闭,舌身平放于口腔之中;发/n/时,舌尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻 碍,双唇不闭;发/ /时,嘴张得比/n/大一些,舌后部用力向软腭上靠,软腭下 垂,堵住口腔通道,使气流从鼻腔逸出。
/w/,/j/ (浊辅音) /w/只用在元音的前面。发这个音时,双唇收圆,舌头做出发/0/的姿势,然后立 即转到发后续元音的部位。 /j/同样只用在元音的前面。发/j/时,舌头做出发/I/的姿势,然后立即转到发后 续元音的部位,扁唇。舌前向硬腭抬起,气流从抬起的舌身与硬腭通过。 /w/和/j/可放在元音前,具有辅音的特征;另一方面,发这两个音时气流在口腔 没有受到阻碍,具有元音的特征,因而也被称为半元音。
教学提示:在教学本单元的辅音音素时,教师需要认识到一部分学生可能存在发音困难的问题。由 于受到地域方言等的影响,有的学生可能很难分辨一些相似音,比如11/和/n/、/r/和/1、/n/和/n/等; 还有的学生可能习惯性将辅音读得过重或不自觉地在辅音后增加元音,比如把/h/读成“喝”、把/m/ 读成“么”等。针对这些问题,教师一方面应给予耐心的指导与示范,另一方面要有意识地利用各 种教学环节,为学生提供更多朗读和操练机会,坚持不懈地帮助学生提高发音的准确性和口头表达 的流利度。
3.教师再次播放活动1的录音,让学生跟读。学生跟读时,教师应提醒他们注意自己的发音是否 符合这些音的发音要点。
4.对于学生容易发错的音,需要多设计练习,让学生巩固正确发音。如给学生呈现下面成对的 词,教师示范读音,让学生跟读。学生熟悉后,可开展听辨音的小游戏,即教师读成对单词中的一个 单词,学生指出听到的单词是哪一个。
line—nine lead—need light-night low—know sin—sing thin—thing
win—wing ran —rang vet—wet vest —west rock—lock read —lead
活动2 ----
1.听对话,感知语调特点。在学生听活动2的录音前,教师设计几个问题,如“这个对话用了几 种语调 ”“这些语调听起来有什么特点 ”,让学生带着问题听录音。
2.了解语调的特点和功能。前面语音知识部分已详细介绍了语调的核心内容。对于初学者,教师 只需要给学生简要介绍语调的基本意义和功能,如降调和升调是英语最基本的语调,两种语调各自表 达的核心意义是什么,以及各用在什么类型的句子中。
教师再次播放活动2的录音,让学生跟读模仿。教师提醒学生:语调一般体现在句子最后一个重读单词的重读音节上。这个幽默对话只有第一个问句是一般疑问句,用升调,其他三个问句是特殊疑 问句,用降调。
特殊疑问句和一般疑问句同为问句,为什么特殊疑问句一般用降调,而一般疑问句用升调 这 是因为决定语调的不是标点符号,而是说话者的预设。如果预设是确定的,则用降调。说话人使用特 殊疑问句,表明说话人确定想从对方那里得到信息,如想知道地点就用where, 想知道时间就用when 等。而说话人使用一般疑问句,表明说话人的预设是不确定的,希望得到对方肯定或否定的确认。
3.语调巩固训练。教师可补充一些情境丰富的对话或儿童诗歌,让学生练习语调。例如:
Papa: Little Johnny Johnny:\Yes,\Papa.
Papa:Eating fcandies
Johnny:\No,\Papa.
Papa:Telling a /lie Johnny:\Sorry,\Papa.
这个简短的父子对话用了不同的语调,爸爸用的升调表示疑问,而儿子用的降调则表示肯定,最 后爸爸还是委婉地点破儿子的谎言,儿子觉得不好意思并真诚地道歉。教师可让学生表演这个对话, 把父子之间不同的语气和语调表演出来。
内容分析
文本分析:本单元示范对话部分展示的是主人公Teng Fei和Peter为给双胞胎姐妹Emma 和Ella准 备生日惊喜派对,到商店购物的情境。对话在Teng Fei、Peter与售货员之间展开。对话呈现了购物 时一些常用的表达。例如,售货员招呼顾客的用语 “Can I help you ” 和顾客的应答 “Yes,please.”; 售货员向顾客推销的表达 “We have a sale today...It comes with some candles.”;售货员询问顾客购 买物品数量的问句“How many /much ….do you want ”;顾客询问价格的问句“How much . ”; 顾 客付款时的表达 “Here you are.”;购物结束时售货员与顾客的告别用语“Thank you!Have a nice day!”“Thanks.You too.” 。Teng Fei和Peter采购了生日聚会需要的几样食物:生日蛋糕、水果、酸奶 等。其中水果的价格是以重量计算,是six yuan a kilo,而作为不可数名词的yogurt是以瓶为单位计 算,价格是five yuan a bottle,这些都是日常购物中常使用的计价方法和表达法。对话体现了真实自然 的购物场景和完整丰富的交际语言,为学生使用英语进行日常购物提供了示范。
活动设计:活动2a—2e是包含听、读、说等技能训练的任务链。活动2a让学生听后填写常用的 交际用语,一方面能提高他们的听力理解能力,另一方面有助于提升他们关注语用的意识,即如何礼 貌地回应对方的话语。活动2b采用表格的形式,帮助学生梳理对话中有关物品名称、价格和数量的信 息,并计算这几样食物花费的总价。该对话体现了Teng Fei和Peter对物品价格的关注,并能根据购物 需要理性消费,自然融入了对学生财商意识的培养。2c是基于对话语篇的角色扮演活动,学生需要回顾前面语音板块介绍的句子语调的朗读技巧,在模仿对话时注意采用合适的语调。活动2d和 2e是口 头输出环节,活动2d 让学生制作一份购物清单,为筹备生日聚会作准备。该活动首先让学生将物品分 类列入购物清单,然后思考生日聚会还需采购哪些物品, 一并列入到清单里。列购物清单是日常生活 中的常见活动,目的是明确购物目的,且能节省时间,提高效率,还可以避免不必要的计划外消费。 另外,此活动可为2e的口语输出活动作好词汇上的准备。活动2e提供了对话的开头,学生可以运用 前面所学的购物语言和有关物品数量和价格的表达法,模拟购物对话,该活动可以考查学生的综合语 言表达能力。
能够听录音记录购物对话中典型的日常交际用语。
能够列购物清单,并运用常见购物用语开展模拟真实场景的购物对话,完成自己的 购物计划。
能够运用正确的语音和语调朗读和表演购物对话。
能够在生活中关注商品价格,在购物时树立节俭意识和一定的财商意识。
教学建议
1. 听录音,补全对话
(1)教师引导学生观察2a 对话的配图,让学生预测对话的语境,并让学生进行头脑风暴活动,进 一步预测对话会用到的词汇,如birthday cake 、how much 、sale 、total等。
(2)听录音,完成活动2a。听录音前,教师可以把所填部分的上句或上下句呈现出来,让学生预 测对话中会用什么表达。接着,教师播放录音,学生补全对话。听前教师提出几个问题,让学生带着 问题听对话。例如:
● Where are the people
● What are they talking about
●Are they buying a birthday cake Why are they buying it
2. 阅读对话,梳理信息
(1)快速读对话,填写活动2b的表格。学生完成后,教师提供关键句型,让学生两人一组,通过
问答形式核对答案。例如:
S1:What do they buy S2:Theybuy ..
S1:How much is it/are they S2:It's/They're ...
S1:How many ...do they buy S2:They buy ..
S1:How much are they in total S2:They're ...in total.
(2)梳理购物对话语言。教师引导学生读对话,找出购物对话中用到的典型表达,如双方如何 开启、推进、结束对话。教师将对话的主要组成部分写在黑板上,让学生找到各部分的关键表达。
例如:
SHOPPING
教师让学生关注购物语境中比较关键的两个问句,即“How much . ”和“How many.. ”,思考这 两个问句的用法和意义有什么不同。教师可以提供更多例句。例如:
A:How muchwater/milk do you drink every day B:Three or four bottles
A:How much is this bottle of water/milk B:It's three/five yuan.
A:How many apples /pears do you need B:Three kilos.
A:How much are these apples/pcars B:Twentyyuan in total. 接着,教师和学生一起总结这两个问句的用法和意义。如下所示:
●“How many .. ”和“How much . ”都可以问数量,不同的是,how many问的是可数名词的 数 量 ,how much问的是不可数名词的数量,这与many和much后接不同类型的名词的规则一致。
how much可以用来问物品的价格,实际上,这里省略了不可数名词money, 即“How much
(money)... ”。
●用“How much . ”问价格时,问句中be动词的单复数取决于句子中的主语。如果主语是单 数,则用is;如果是复数,则用are,如“How much is this card ”“How much are these cards ”。
教师可提醒学生不用死记这些规则,关键是多用多练,培养语感。
3.操练对话,分角色扮演
学生再次听录音,并逐句跟读模仿录音中的对话,注意句子中哪些词应该重读,哪里可以稍作停 顿,哪里可以连读,用什么语调等。在学生进行角色扮演前,需要给学生充足时间操练。为了加强操 练的趣味性,可以采用游戏的方式,如“逐渐消失的对话”(disappearing dialogue),该游戏还能锻炼 学生根据语境完成对话的能力。学生操练熟练后,再将学生分组,分别扮演对话中的不同角色表演对 话,完成2c的口语输出活动。
4. 口语输出
(1)制作购物单。教师展示鸡蛋、面条、气球等物品的图片,并提问“What is it ”,以此来复 习旧单词,导入新单词。教师接着问“Would you like to buy these things for a birthday party If so,what group do theybelong to ”,让学生将物品分类,填入2d的购物单中。教师还应提醒学生补充其他需要 的东西,一并填入购物单中。
(2)复习购物用语。教师把前面梳理的购物用语呈现给学生,并根据学生情况适当补充其他常见 的购物表达,然后让学生按说话人的不同角色将这些表达分类,如下所示:
●Can I help you /What canI do for you /Good morning.Welcome to our store! ●I'm looking for ..
●Could youplease bring me.. /May I have.. /Please give me.. ●Anything else /Would you like anything else
● How about this one
● Do you have this in a bigger size
● How much is this/are these
●How many /much ..do you want/need
● Is this on sale /Do you have anything cheaper This one is on sale rightnow.
Wow,that's cheap/expensive! ●I'll take it.
● Here you are.
●It 's/They're….(price)each/a kilo./The total is..(price)
● Scan the QR code here,please
●That's all.Thankyou for yourhelp. ●Thank you!Have a nice day!
Shop Assistant Customer
Can I help you I'm looking for ..
(3)分角色表演购物对话。学生两人一组,一名学生为商店店员,另一名学生为顾客,依据2d中 完成的购物清单,参照上面分组的购物表达,表演对话。教师巡视全班并提供必要的帮助,最后请几 组学生为全班展示对话。为了让其他学生认真听,教师可以在学生表演对话之前提出要求,如 “What would your classmates like to buy How much are the things in total Please note down the items and total price.”。几组对话展示完毕,教师可以和学生一起对他们的表现作出点评。
内容分析
该单元语法板块的主要内容是复习本册出现的特殊疑问句。活动3a以问答形式呈现了本单元学习 的几个特殊疑问句及其回答,要求学生观察这些句式,并重点关注特殊疑问词的用法。活动3b是单句 层面的练习,让学生先用特殊疑问词补全问句,再将问句与答语匹配,目的是让他们掌握不同特殊疑 问词的含义和用法。活动3c让学生阅读短文,并在文中找出莎士比亚和南丁格尔的生日,复习日期的 表达法。该短文介绍了这两位名人的生日和这两个日期的特殊意义,将单元话题从身边的人的生日拓 展到特殊的节日,开阔学生的文化视野。活动3d是口头输出活动,要求学生进一步谈论一些特殊的节 口和日期,包括在这些日期的庆祝活动,从而巩固本单元所学目标语言,并将生日的含义从个体扩大 到社会生活中有特殊意义的日子,如国庆节、党的生日、建军节、建校日等。
能够理解和辨析特殊疑问词when 、where 、what 、who 、why 、how 、how old 、how much/many 等所表达的意义。
能够运用上述特殊疑问词引导的特殊疑问句询问日期、年龄、数量、价格等信息, 并能正确回答。
能够了解和探究中西方重要纪念日,包括其意义和庆祝方式。
教学建议
1.探究特殊疑问句的形式特点和所表达的意义
(1)教师让学生浏览活动3a中的句子,圈出疑问词。接着,教师让学生思考这些问句询问的是哪 些方面的信息。例如:
T:What does the first question ask about S:It asks about the date.
(2)教师让学生说出更多特殊疑问句,并将其写在黑板上。教师引导学生观察这些问句,并提出 如下问题让学生思考:
●什么是特殊疑问句 它和一般疑问句有什么区别
●特殊疑问句是怎样构成的
●常见的特殊疑问词有哪些 它们分别对什么信息提问
● 如何回答特殊疑问句
●特殊疑问句一般用什么语调
教师先让学生讨论这些问题,然后和学生一起探讨特殊疑问句的结构特点、用法和意义,总结 如下:
● 特殊疑问句是指用特殊疑问词提问的问句,因多数特殊疑问词以wh-开头,不少语法书把特殊 疑问句称为wh-问句。一般疑问句是指用Yes或者No回答的问句,也被称作 Yes/No问句。
●特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语动词”构成。可以看出,该句子要用疑问句 语序。需要注意的是,如果特殊疑问词在句子中作主语,就不用疑问句语序。比较:
Who do youwant to invite
Who wants to go shopping with me
●常见的特殊疑问词有who、what、where、when、why、whose、which、how等,此外,还有由 这些特殊疑问词组成的特殊疑问词短语,如what colour 、what class 、what time 、how old 、how many、 how much等。关于这些特殊疑问词或短语提问的信息,教师可以作为课后作业让学生自行总结。 例如:
疑问词 询问信息 例句
who people Who is your English teacher
what
what time
●特殊疑问句不能用yes或no来回答,要根据特殊疑问词所询问的信息来回答。
● 特殊疑问句一般用降调,降调放在句末的重读音节上。
2.巩固特殊疑问句的用法
教师让学生快速浏览活动3b的要求、框内疑问词和下面的问句及答语。学生独立完成活动3b, 然后两人一组以问答的形式核对答案。根据学生完成情况,教师适当指导学生如何选择特殊疑问词。
3.复习日期表达法
(1)学生默读活动3c的短文,并按照活动要求将文中的生日和节日日期画线。完成后,全班核对 答案。
(2)教师询问学生对莎士比亚和南丁格尔的了解情况,根据学生的反馈,可适当补充两位伟人的 信息。在此基础上,还可以让学生说出其他与伟人生日相关的节日或纪念日。
4.创编对话,实践运用
(1)教师准备一些简要资料,或者提前将开放性活动3d布置成作业,鼓励学生查阅信息,了解 3d中所列节日的相关信息,如CPC Founding Day(中国共产党建党纪念日)、PLADay (中国人民解 放军建军节)、School Founding Day(建校日),也可以鼓励学生增加更多的特殊日期,并用表格形式 呈现。
Special Days Date Activities
National Day
CPC Founding Day
PLA Day
School Founding Day
(2)根据表格内容,学生两人一组开展对话练习。待学生熟练后,教师请几组学生为全班展示对 话。师生共同就对话的内容、语言的准确性、语音语调等方面作出评价。
How do you make your birthday
meaningful
内容分析
文本分析:该部分的阅读文本是生日主题论坛上的两篇发帖,两篇帖子都围绕“生日庆祝”这一 主题展开。该语篇在版式设计方面具备新媒体语篇的一些典型特征,比如,包含折叠界面、发帖人的 姓名、发帖时间和日期等典型元素。在内容方面,两篇帖子都介绍了主人公的生日日期和庆祝生日的 方式,帖子最后邀请读者分享庆祝生日的有意义方式。这两个语篇分别体现出不同文化背景下人们庆 祝生日的传统习俗。第一个发帖人Yu Xiaoming过生日吃长寿面和鸡蛋,这是中国人庆祝生日的传统 方式。跟帖人Judy Clark过生日时吃蛋糕、唱生日歌、许愿、吹蜡烛,这是西方国家过生日的传统方 式。这两位发帖人还分享了自己个性化的庆祝方式,例如,Xiaoming每年生日都在村里的大树前照家 庭合影,今年他想做一件不一样的事——在生日这天种一棵树,他希望与小树一同成长。每年生日, Judy的母亲都为她做最爱的巧克力蛋糕,她的父亲在门框上刻上她的身高变化。尽管世界各地庆祝生 日的方式不同,但生日庆祝背后都蕴含着大家相同的情感追求:表达祝福和爱,纪念成长。这正是我 们庆祝生日的意义所在。Judy在帖子的最后提到:“Next time,I also want to do something different.Any good ideas ”,表达了她也想在生日那天做点不一样的又有意义的事情,同时请求大家为她提供一些 好的建议。这不仅呼应了该板块的核心问题 “How do you make your birthday meaningful ”,同时也为 后续的写作任务提供了语境关联。语篇同时也传递了更深层次的理念:世界文化是多元的,但人类的 情感是共通的,这些共通的情感为不同文化背景下人们互相理解和沟通创造了基础。
活动设计:该板块包含两条任务链,活动1a—1d是阅读任务链,活动2a—2b是写作任务链,阅 读任务链是后面写作任务链的基础。活动1a是读前环节,此处列举了中外庆祝生日的常见活动,为下 面的阅读活动铺垫话题词汇。活动1b—1d是阅读理解环节。活动1b让学生读后选择文章大意,考查
学生对语篇的整体理解和概括能力。活动1c 通过表格的形式帮助学生梳理两位少年的生日庆祝活动 考查他们对语篇重点细节信息的获取能力。活动1d的前四个问题针对语篇细节信息,最后一个是开放 性问题,要求学生在理解语篇的基础上提供更多有意义的庆祝生日的方式,回应Judy并给她提建议。 该问题有助于学生提高创新思维能力,同时为下面的写作任务提供要点和思路。
写作任务链分为两个步骤。活动2a将写作内容要点以思维导图的形式呈现,要求学生结合自身情 况梳理与生日庆祝相关的信息。活动2b提供了回帖的结构框架与半开放式的语言支架。学生可以结合 活动2a列出的信息,完成活动2b, 最后形成一篇完整的回帖。
能够在把握网络发帖的文体特征和语言特点基础上,理解帖子主要信息,体会发帖 人表达的情感意义,了解庆祝生日的不同方式。
能够通过阅读帖子理解生日庆祝活动背后的含义,体会不同地区的生日文化,并学 会欣赏文化差异性,理解文化的共通性。
能够通过思维导图整理写作要点,做好写作准备,并能够通过回帖的方式向对方提 供如何过有意义的生日的建议,同时分享自己庆祝生日的方式。
教学建议
1. 读前活动
(1)教师展示自己或家人过生日时的一些照片或视频,让学生说出照片或视频中一些生日庆祝活 动,利用此环节讲授一些新词或短语,如long noodles 、a symbol of long life 、make a wish 、blow out、 meaningful等。
(2)学生在活动1a中勾出自己过生日时做过的活动,然后两人一组交流答案。例如: S1:What activities do you do on your birthday
S2:I..What about you S1:...
2. 阅读理解
(1)让学生观察文章插图和版式特点,预测文章内容。教师可以提问让学生讨论。例如: ●What is the topic of this forum
●Look at the two passages.Where can you see them,in a magazine or on the internet ●Who posted the posts Are they from different countries Why do you think so
●What is the date and time of the posts
(2)快速阅读,了解帖子大意。教师让学生快速浏览活动1b的要求和选项,然后通读全文,选出 两篇帖子的中心思想,准确把握语篇大意。核对答案时,教师可向学生说明:虽然帖子中都提到了跟 who和 where相关的信息,但这些只是辅助信息,主要内容还是跟how有关,即发帖人主要讲述如何庆祝生日。
(3)再次阅读,抓住关键细节。学生细读文章,关注发帖人生日日期和庆祝生日的方式,然后填 写活动1c的表格,并回答活动1d的前四个问题。教师也可以采用思维导图形式,让学生补全思维导 图中的信息。如下图:
核对答案时,教师先采用问答形式与一位学生完成一两处信息的填空,作为示范,然后请几组学 生利用思维导图中的特殊疑问词与同伴进行问答,教师把学生的回答填到思维导图中。例如:
T:When is Yu Xiaoming's birthday S:His birthday is on 13th June
T:What does he usually eat on his birthday S:He usually eats long noodles with eggs.
完成思维导图后,教师可引导学生对比中西方生日文化的不同,例如,中国主人公通过吃长寿 面、吃鸡蛋、拍照和种树来庆祝生口,而外国孩子通过举办派对、吃生日蛋糕、吹蜡烛、拆礼物等方 式庆祝生日。随着文化交流的影响,吃生日蛋糕这种庆祝方式在许多国家和地区都很普遍,然而在不 同国家和地区还有各种各样的庆生方式。因此,教师可鼓励学生课后搜集相关信息,积累与活动相关 的表达,为后续的写作或项目活动作准备。
(4)学生听录音并跟读,然后大声朗读课文。教师也可让学生采用与同伴互读的方式,即两人一 组,一名学生朗读,另一名学生听,听到对方读得不准确的地方及时纠正,一人读完后互换角色。同 伴互读互助,共同进步。
(5)复述文本内容。教师可让学生尝试复述Yu Xiaoming和Judy Clark的帖子,提醒学生以上面的 思维导图为语言支架,回顾文章大意,创造性地使用重点语块组建新句子,形成一段有逻辑的表述。 例如:
Yu Xiaoming's birthday is on 13 June.He always has long noodles with eggs on his birthday because long noodles are a symbol of long life.His family takes a photo..
教学提示:复述是非常实用的教学活动,学生不仅需要理解复述的内容,还要将语言组织成语义清 楚、连贯,逻辑顺畅的短文。教师在听力、对话、阅读教学后均可以采用这个活动,让学生复述听 力对话、示范对话或阅读语篇的主要内容。如果对话或语篇是以第一人称讲述,复述时可变换为第 三人称,这种在语境中训练人称变化的方式比机械地重复语法规则更有意义,也更有效。
(6)关注语篇衔接。教师可针对阅读文本中的一些有特点的句式结构设计问题,以培养学生的语 篇意识。例如,教师让学生再次读第一个帖子,同时思考:on that day 、every year 、this year为什么放 在句子开头 如果放在句子末尾,衔接的效果是否会受影响 教师先让学生说出自己的看法,然后与 学生一起分析:on that day放在句首,它与上一句on 13 June衔接更紧密,因其指代on 13 June; 如果 放在句末,它会影响两处的衔接,一是影响与上一句on 13 June的衔接,另一处是影响此句中birthday noodles with eggs与下一句long noodles的衔接。同理,every year和this year放在句子开头更合适,除 了衔接因素,这些表时间的短语放在句首还有对比和排比修辞的效果。
关于第二个帖子,教师可以提问:帖子第一句的功能是什么 帖子中的主要内容是举办生日聚 会,生日聚会的细节叙述按什么逻辑组织 衔接标记词有哪些 在学生讨论并分享自己的看法后,教 师可以简要总结:帖子第一句是对前面发帖人过生日的方式的评价,表示这是一个回应的帖子。生日 聚会的细节是按时间顺序组织的,标记词有and then 、next等。教师可建议学生阅读时关注语篇内部 的句子衔接,这不仅能提高学生的阅读技能,还对学生写作时如何组织句子有帮助。
3. 读后活动
探讨单元主题意义。结合两个帖子中呈现的中外学生庆祝生日的不同方式,教师可以设计一些开 放性问题,和学生一起探讨。例如:
● Do you think Yu Xiaoming's and Judy's birthdays are meaningful
●Can you give Judy some ideas about how to spend a meaningful birthday
● Do you think your birthdays are meaningful Why
●Can you share a story about your most meaningful birthday
● What do you want to do to make your birthday more meaningful
教师需要给予学生充足的时间独立思考问题,再让他们以小组为单位讨论分享。教师也需要保持开 放的态度,让学生充分表达自己的想法,并引导学生学会倾听与分享。最后教师总结,对学生有创意且 积极向上的想法给予肯定和鼓励,通过讨论和总结,让学生对如何有意义地庆祝生日有更深刻的理解。
4.写作准备
(1)学生独立完成活动2a的思维导图,针对生日庆祝话题,回答when 、what to prepare 、where to go、with whom、what to do、how I feel六个核心问题。
(2)学生完成2a后,教师可让他们与同伴互相问答,还可以互相纠错或提建议。
(3)教师引导学生讨论 “What do you usually do on your birthday What activities can youdo to make
your birthday meaningful or interesting ”,并把学生谈到的活动写在黑板上。接着,教师让学生再次寻 读活动1b的两篇帖子,找到与生日庆祝相关的语言表达,教师把这些语言表达也写在黑板上,或用课 件呈现,让学生在写作时参考。例如:
Birthday activity Key sentence structure
buy or make a birthday cake It's a good idea to ...on your birthday.
put up balloons My birthday is on...
● have noodles with eggs On that day,I always eat ...
e invite close friends to my home I love .../It's my favourite ..
sing songs/dance Every year,my family and I..
play fun games First,...Next,..Then,...
● sharea birthday cake It's fun to...
read birthday cards from friends watch movies But this year,I want to..
视学生情况,教师还可以简单分析一篇好文章的特点。以第一篇帖子为例,这篇帖子句式比较丰 富,帖子中有短句、有长句,长短句交错;有的句子以主语开头,有的句子以状语开头,且主语比较 多样,如my birthdays 、long noodles 、my family and I 、I等;另外,帖子中还有不少细节描述。这些 方法可以让写作变得生动,学生在写作时可以借鉴。
5.完成写作
(1)完成初稿。教师让学生独立完成2b的写作任务,提醒学生充分利用2a中思维导图的信息, 还有黑板上的更多语言表达和关键句型,组成一篇回帖,谈论自己的生日庆祝方式。教师还应提醒学 生使用不同句式,避免句式过于单一。
(2)小组评价。学生完成后,让学生四人一组分享自己的作品,小组成员给予评价及修改意见。 教师应引导学生从文章的内容、结构、语言、语法、书写等方面进行评价。
(3)修改初稿。学生根据组内成员意见修改个人作品,完善初稿。
(4)展示交流。每小组推选一份作品进行展示,小组之间进行评价,教师给出完善意见。学生根 据收集的意见再次修改自己的习作。最后,教师将学生完善后的习作放在个人学习档案袋内,让全班 传阅欣赏,或张贴在教室内,让大家欣赏交流。
拓展活动:生日大不同
活动形式:小组活动
活动目的:调查不同国家的生日习俗,复习生日庆祝活动的表达法,促进读后语言生成,同时归 纳生日文化信息,提升文化意识,促进学生对多元文化的理解。
活动步骤:
(1)学生以小组为单位查找资料,调查不同国家的生日习俗,并提供不同生日习俗背后的文化意 义。学生可先在组内完成如下的信息表,作为汇报提纲。
(2)各组整合好信息后,选出一名代表向全班汇报。
Country Activity Meaning
China
America
France
Japan
Project
O 内容分析
本单元的项目活动是让学生策划一场集体生日会。活动3a让学生运用本单元的目标语言,即 when引导的特殊疑问句,调查组内同学的生日,并在月份栏里记录人名和日期。活动3b让学生统计 在本月出生的同学。活动3c通过问题引导学生讨论如何策划一场有意义的集体生日。活动3d是学生 汇报方案和评选的环节,可以考查学生的综合语言运用能力,评选活动也是对学生汇报的方案进行反 馈,帮助学生反思方案的合理性和需要改进的地方,提高他们的思辨能力。
能够准确运用本单元的核心句型调查他人的生日日期,熟练使用12个月份的词汇及 序数词表述自己和他人的生日。
能够积极参与小组合作,设计有意义、有创意的生日庆祝方案,包括时间、地点、 人员、庆祝方式等。
能够通过调查同学的生日并组织策划集体生日活动,增强同学之间的理解和友谊。
教学建议
1. 热身活动
教师引导学生复习十二个月份单词及需要特殊记忆的序数词,巩固日期表达法,可预先准备正反 面中英文单词卡,采用随机问答的方式练习。教师随机抽出某个月份的汉字卡片,随机选一名学生, 让该学生说出该月份的英文名称,教师随后出示背面的正确答案。需要注意的是,比较特殊的序数词 lst、2nd、3rd、11th 、12th 、13th、21st、22nd、23rd、31st要反复操练多次,教师还要特别关注之前 易犯错的学生,多给他们机会练习。
2. 调查生日日期
教师将学生分组,让小组成员明确各自的角色,如调查员、记录员、设计员、汇报员等。调查员 询问组内成员的生日日期,记录员将生日信息填入3a所示年历中,并标注成员姓名。该步骤能帮助学 生了解彼此,加深友谊。接着,小组根据调查结果确定集体过生日的成员,完成活动3b。
3. 制作汇报方案
(1)搜集信息。学生以小组为单位,讨论活动3c的问题,并将达成一致意见的讨论结果记录下 来,包括聚会的时间、地点、邀请名单,以及聚会上的游戏或有意义的活动等。为了让生日庆祝更有 仪式感,各小组还可以制作生日邀请卡片。生日邀请卡的制作可参考本单元英文部分的范例。
(2)梳理信息。小组合作组织语言,汇总成一篇小短文,设计员负责设计海报,最后全组共同讨 论,修改并完善各部分内容,统一语言风格和体例。
4. 汇报方案
各小组成员在课堂上合作演示,完成项目活动3d。为了鼓励更多学生参与,教师可以设置不同 类别的多种奖项,如“最受欢迎提案”(the most popular proposal)、“最有创意提案”(the most creative proposal)、“最佳表现奖”(the best performance)等等。
Reflecting
内容分析
本单元反思板块从语言功能、主题内容和意义等维度设计问题,让学生反思的主要内容有:是否 能用英语表达日期、是否能用英语进行购物、是否能描述庆祝生日的方式、是否能表述如何过生日更 有意义。这些问题的目的是引导学生回顾本单元所学内容,并反思自己的学习体验和效果,提升对主 题意义的理解。
本单元的价值引领句是 “Every birthday is a gift of life.”,意思是“每个生日都是生命的馈赠。”这 句话揭示了本单元的主题意义:生日不仅意味着欢乐的聚会、美味的食物或精美的礼物,生日还是生 命的纪念口,它提醒我们要珍视生日,同时也要珍惜生命。本单元希望学生通过讨论庆祝生日的方 式,感受庆祝仪式背后亲朋好友的祝福与爱,在特殊的日子收获爱心和成长,同时学会关爱身边的 人,关注身边人的生日,并对他们的爱心存感恩。
教学建议
1.教师引导学生总结本单元学习的日期表达法,包括月份的单词和表达口期的序数词。教师可先 让学生口头说出米,然后再写下来。例如:
●The months of the year in order are:
●To number things in a series,we can use ordinal numbers.For example,
2.教师引导学生总结特殊疑问词用法,可让学生完成下面的句子填空。
● To ask questions about age,we can use how old.For example,How old are you
● To ask questions about ,we can use For example,
3.教师引导学生复习购物的英语表达。
When a shop assistant greets you,he/she could say“Can I help you ”
● When you want to know the price of an item,you could ask“ _ ”
● When the shop assistant wants to know the quantity you want to buy,he /she could ask“ ”
● I know other shopping expressions: 4.教师引导学生反思过生日的意义和怎样有意义地庆祝生日,并让他们用自己的语言表达出来。
● I think we celebrate birthdays because
● To make our birthdays meaningful,we can
三、课文注释
1.It's 85 yuan,and it comes with some candles.它(生日蛋糕)85元,还赠送一些蜡烛。
此句中介词with表示“伴随;和……一起”,与come 一起组成短语come with,表示“附送;包 含”的意思。例如:
You don't need to order soup because your chicken comes with one.您不用点汤,因为您(点)的鸡 肉附送一份(汤)。
This coat comes with a belt.这件大衣配有腰带。
2.What's the total 总价是多少
根据对话的上下文,我们可以推测出the total指的是总价格。total 在这里作名词,意为“总数; 总额”。例如:
The school has a total of 845 students.这个学校总共有845名学生。
Sam has lived in China for seven years in total.萨姆总共在中国待了七年。
total还可以作形容词,放在名词前进行修饰,意为“总的;全体的”。例如:
the total weight总重量 the total number 总数量
3.Next time,I also want to do something different.下一次过生日时,我也想做些不同的事情。
句 中something是不定代词,表示不明确指代的人或事。常用的不定代词还有everything、 anything 、somebody(someone) 、anybody(anyone) 、everybody(everyone) 、nobody(no one)、 nothing等。当形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词放在不定代词后面。例如:
Is there anything newin today's newspaper 今天的报纸上有新的内容吗
You can find something interesting inthis small park.在这个小公园里你能找一些有趣的东西。
4.Any good ideas (你有)什么好主意吗
这是一个省略句,完整句是“Do you have any good ideas ”。在英语口语中,人们常把句子的某 些部分省略,使语言更加简洁。例如:
Time to go.(=It's timeto go.)该走了。
Gladto see you.(=I'm glad to seeyou.)很高兴见到你。 Who's next (=Who is next )下一个是谁
This way,please.(=Come this way,please.)这边请。
Unit 7 Happy Birthday!
The theme of this unit is birthdays:Everybody has one!Students will learn how to talk about birthdays, using the months of the year and ordinal numbers to express dates.They will also learn how to ask about birthdays,moving on to how to plan and buy things for a birthday party.They will revise question words and the form of wh-questions and then look at other special dates in the national and international calendar.After discussing how we celebrate and make our birthdays meaningful,and learning different customs in different countries,they will co-ordinate and organize their ownjoint birthday events.
Opening Page
Section A
Teaching Tip Sing the Year Teach students this chant /song to help them remember the months of the year January,February,March,April, May,June,July, August,September October;November; December;the year goes by. How time fies!How time fies! Repeat the song/chant multiple times,for example,at the start of each lesson.Vary the song by singing it quietly,loudly,slowly,quickly,etc. There are many other month chants and rhymes online,so you can also choose one you like to play to students.
Which months I like January! February is nice. March is fine. But January is festival time. do you like I like June! April is nice. May is fne. But June is holiday time.
I like September! July is nice. August is fine. But September is birthday time. Ilike December! October is nice. November is fine. But December is party time
Teaching Tip Order!Order! Print or write out the months of the year and the ordinal numbers on pieces of paper. Put students into small groups and have them race to put them in the correct order. Use a stopwatch to see which group is the quickest.Repeat with the ordinal numbers written in words (first to thirty-first)on pieces of paper,and repeat the game. Days in Each Month In the UK and US,most children are taught a poem to help them remember how many days there are in each month: Thirty days has September; April,,June and November; All the rest have thirty-one, Except February,twenty-eight days clear, And twenty-nine in each leap year. A“leap year”happens every four years,where an extra day is added to the month of February.An astronomical year lasts slightly less than 3651/4 days,so adding a day to February every four years balances this out.
Suggested Answers Answers will vary.
Ib
Teaching Tip Ordinal Numbers Write the ordinal numbers(1st-31st)on the board.Circle or underline the endings of the numbers.Encourage students to notice the different endings as follows,and also how to write the short forms. ● 1st,21st,31st end in“-st” 2nd,22nd end in“-nd” 3rd,23rd end in“-rd”
Culture Note Writing and Saying Dates in BrE and AmE ● In British English,people tend to say and write the date first,then the month.When speaking,people would say“My birthday is the second of August.”When writing, people often leave out the prepositions.For example,My birthday is 2nd August.The order for writing a full date is Day/Month/Year such as 21/08/2010 ● In American English,people tend to say and write the month first,then the date.When speaking,people would say“My birthday is August twenty first.”When writing,people would oftenuse 21 instead of the word.For example,My birthday isAugust 21.The order for writing a full date is Month/Day/Year,such as 08/21/2010.
Answers 1.Helen 2.Fu Xing 3.Teng Fei's father 4.Ms Gao B.3rd December C.22nd August D.9th January A.12th June
1c
Culture Note Gift Giving Gift giving for birthdays is very common and popular.The value and type of gift depends on who is giving and mon gifts in Western culture include chocolate,flowers,and food.With friends or work colleagues,the gift may not have great value,but may be something funny or something that the receiver likes. Birthday Cards Encourage a discussion about the photograph.Which elements do students recognize Which do they not What do they think ofthe birthday card Birthday cards are very common in the West,and almost always accompany a gift.Why do students think people give cards to others at these times What is on the front of the cards What do people write inside Do people buy or make the cards Elicit some answers and reactions on the board.Then ask students what they would write in a card to a close friend or relative
Suggested Answers 1.Helen is 15 years old. 2.Teng Fei can give his father a birthday card. 3.Peter wants everyone to sing a song for Ms Gao's birthday and he wants to play his guitar.
1d
TeachingTip Making Lines Repeat the line up activity with different criteria,for example,by month or date.For example,students line up with those born in January first,then February,etc.For students born in the same month,the date will count.Then students can line up based on their birth date,so someone born on the 1st goes first,etc.
Culture Note Asking for Age In the West,asking someone's age,especially when you do not know them very well,is a cultural taboo,particularly with women.However,this only really applies with adults,and more and more so as they get older.Generally,the dynamics of the circumstances will dictate whether it is appropriate or not,e.g.if it is a formal or informal situation.If one has to ask someone's age,people often make the question more polite,for example,“Would you mind ifI asked how old you are ”or“May I ask your age please ”By doing this,we are acknowledging that the person may not want to reveal how old they are,and giving the option to refuse if they wish.
S1:How old are you
S2:I'm thirteen
S1:When is your birthday
S2:It's on the 10th of August.
Conversation S1:In which year were you born
S2:In 2012
S1:You are older than me.I will stand in front of you.
Optional Activity:What Would You Like for Your Birthday
Purpose To help students practise the target language correctly.
Materials Required Pens,paper.
Procedure
1.Write the table on the board and ask students to copy it.
Name Birthday Gift
Ben 6th July a video game
2.Write the conversation below on the board too.Practise it with one student and write the answers on
the first line of the table on the board.Alternatively,have a student ask you the questions. S1:When is your birthday
S2:It's on S1:What would you like for your birthday
S2:I would like ,please!
3.Have students mingle and fill in their tables by asking their classmates the questions.Make sure every student's details are recorded.
4.Elicit the answers on the board for all students.Ask students questions about the results:Which month has the most birthdays What is the most popular gift
Optional Approach Tongue Twisters /h/Harry the hungry happily eats ham in his huge house. /r/Round and round the rocks the red rabbit runs. /1/Lovely little lions love licking lemons. /m/My mum makes me muffins on Mondays. /n/Naughty Nina never naps at night. / /The ringing,swinging,singing singers sang winning songs /w/Iftwo witches watch two watches,which witch would watch which watch j/Jolly Jack and joyful Jill jumping down the jagged hill. Read the tongue twisters aloud to students,then have them repeat them several times before trying to write them down by ear.
2
Teaching Tip Functions of Intonation Falling inlonation is when words gradually fall in tone lo the end of the sentence.This is usually for these functions: ● Comments or statements ● Questions with“wh-”words ● To express low energy emotions such as boredom
续表
TeachingTip Rising intonation is when words gradually rise in tone towards the end of the sentence.This is usually for these functions: ● Questions with Yes/No answers When asking to clarify something ● To express high energy emotions such as happiness Ofcourse in natural speech,intonation will rise and fall sometimes in the same sentence,for example,when offering a choice,or reading a list.
Teaching Tip Predicting Having students try to predict what they are about to hear(or read)is a good way to lead into a recording.Play the first part of the conversation up to when Peter says: “Let's go and buy something for the party.”Then pause the recording.Ask students to guess what Peter and Teng Fei will buy for the party.Do they know all the words in English Let students look up any words they do not know.Play the recording and see who was correct.
Culture Note Ways to Ask th There are severa polite to add“ple e Price l different ways to ask the price of something.Of course,it is always ase”when asking someonea price. is this /that/it,please are these /those,please How much does this /that /it cost,please do these/those cost,please the price,please What's the cost,please
Answers Good idea;Yes,please;Sure;Here you are
Answers
Thing Price Number
Birthday cake 85 1
Oranges six yuan a kilo 5
Yogurt five yuan a bottle 10
Total:165 yuan
2c
Teaching Tip Changing Intonation Intonation is the rise and fall of the voice when speaking,especially as this affects the meaning of what is said.After role-playing the conversation,encourage students to role-play it again,but with different emotion.Model this with a student to show what it sounds like when the speaker is,for example,happy,sad,angry or annoyed.What is the difference in intonation
Shopping List
Food Drinks Otherthings
eggs noodles apples chocolate pizza candies cookies bread crisps/chips juice milk soft drinks tea balloons candles birthday hats
20
Sample Conversation A:Can I help you B:Yes,please.How much are these cookies A:They are 9 yuan B:Great.I'll take two packs. A:Here you are.What else would you like B:Do you have any balloons,please A:Yes,there they are.They are 3 yuan a pack. B:I need lots.I'll take three packs! A:Anything else B:Hmm.Oh yes,the cake!Do you have any birthday cakes A:Yes,we have some over there. B:That one's nice.How much is it A:It's 98 yuan. B:OK,that will do nicely,thank you.How much in total,please A:125 yuan,please.
Answers When How old What Howmuch How many
Teaching Tip Wh-Question Functions Write the question words on one side of the board and the functions on the other side, then elicit from students which matches which:
续表
Teaching Tip Whatfor particular informationWhereplaceWhentimeWhyreasonWho/WhompersonWhichchoosing from a selectionHowthe way things are /the way people feelHow much/manyquantity
Ask students to write a question for each question word and ask it to a partner
Answers 1.When is your mum's birthday F:It's on 15th July. 2.How many ballons do you want D:I want 10 3.What do you want for a birthday gift A:A new pair of shoes. 4.How old is your father G:He's 45 years old 5.How much are the birthday card and the doll H:55 yuan. 6.Who do you celebrate your birthday with B:With my parents 7.Where is Mrs Green from E:She's from Australia. 8.Why do people eat noodles C:To wish for a long life.
3c
Culture Note William Shakespeare(1564-1616)was an English playwright,poet and actor,and is widely considered the greatest writer in the English language.As well as poetry, he wrote 39 plays that have continually been performed around the world for over 400 years.They are classified as tragedies,comedies or histories.His influence on the English language is perhaps greater than any other writer,through introducing new words and phrases(over 1,700),but also by helping to standardize grammar and spelling,as his printed works spread and became popular. Florence Nightingale(1820-1910)was an English social reformer who is considered the founder of modern nursing.She trained nurses during the Crimean War(1853-1856), where she significantly reduced death rates byraising nursing standards,for example by improved hygiene and cleanliness in hospitals.She is also known as“The Ladywith the Lamp”from when she would visit injured soldiers at night to check on them.
Answers 23rd April,12th May
3d
Teaching Tip Using Dates When speaking about special days,we use the following Our National Dayis on takes place onthe first of October/ October the first.
续表
Teaching Tip When writing dates,we often omit “the”and“of”,i.e.1st October/October 1st. Special Days Here are some popular special days celebrated around the world: MonthSpecial dayDateJanuaryNew Year's DayIst JanuaryMarchWomens Day8th MarchAprilApril Fools DayIstApril MayMay Day/Labor DayIst MayMother's Daythe second Sunday in Muy JuneChildrens DayIst JuneFather's Daythe third Sunday in June
Suggested Answers Answers will vary.
Section B
Teaching Tip Birthday Brainstorm If possible,bring or show some photos of people celebrating birthdays to class.On the board,brainstorm words and things related to birthdays with students.There can be things to do,things to eat or even feelings,emotions,and actions.For example: ● play party games,dress up in costumes,sleep over,karaoke ● crisps,biscuits,cookics,icc crcam ● happy,laughing,excited,grateful
Culture Note Happy Birthday Song “Happy Birthday to You”(also known simply as “Happy Birthday”)has been sung across the English-speaking world (and also in many other languages)for over a hundred years.It is widely considered the most recognized song in the English language.The tune is attributed to American sisters Patty and Mildred Hill,and was published in 1893.The song is now in the“public domain”,meaning it can be freely used by anyone.The song's structure is: Happy birthday to you, Happy birthday toyou, Happy birthday,dear (name), Happy birthday to you!
Suggested Answers Answers will vary.
Teaching Tip Predicting the Post Writer Before reading the passages,ask students to read the names of the post writers,Yu Xiaoming and Judy Clark.Can they predict how they celebrate,who they celebrate with and where they celebrate their birthdays
Culture Note Birthday Celebrations In the West,children look forward to having their birthday party.Particularly when they are younger,they start by giving invitations to their friends,with information about the party,such as which date it is on and where it is.At the bottom it says “R.S.V.P.”,which is actually French,and stands for“répondez s'il vous pla t”.In English,that means“please reply”,encouraging the receiver to reply so the organizer knows how to prepare for the party.
Birthday parties often happen at somebody's house,but it is also very popular to celebrate them in other places such as restaurants,parks,leisure centres,cinemas,and other places where there is some kind of entertainment. Gifts are sometimes opened in front of guests,but today more and more people do not do this,opening them later privately.After,children often send“thank you”notes or cards to people to thank them for their presents.During the celebrations the lights are turned down and someone brings the birthday cake to the table.It often has small candles on it,often the same number as the age of the person.Everyone sings “Happy Birthday”,then the person makes a birthday wish and blows out the candles in one go.
Answer A.How to celebrate birthdays
1c
Teaching Tip Write the Questions Ask students to write four additional questions based on the forum posts and not included in 1d.Encourage them to use different wh-question words.For example: ● Why does Yu Xiaoming like taking photos on his birthday Where does Judy's father mark her height
续表
Name Birthday Activity
Answers Yu Xiaoming 13th June eat noodles with eggs,take a photo under the big tree in the village,plant a tree
Judy Clark 28th July have a party with friends,have a chocolate cake and sing“Happy Birthday”,mark height on the door
Teaching Tip Third Person Rewrite Ask students to rewrite the posts on the forum in the third person to practise verb forms from the first to third person.For example: Yu Xiaoming's birthday is on 13th June ... ● Judy thinks planting a tree for Yu Xiaoming's birthday is a great idea .
Suggcsted Answers 1.Xiaoming eats birthday noodles on his birthday because long noodles mean a long life. 2.Xiaoming and his family take a photo together under the big tree in his village every year 3.Judy likes the idea of planting a tree on his birthday. 4.Judy's mother makes a chocolate cake for her birthday because the chocolate cake is her favourite and they can put candles on it to blow out. 5.Judy should celebrate with her friends and family by going to a different place, such as a theatre or a restaurant.
Suggested Answers Answers will vary.
2b
I think it's a good idea to spend time with your family on your birthday.My birthday is on the 16th March.I usually go to my favourite local restaurant to celebrate it.I do this because I like to sit around a big table with my family and enjoy the food together.But this year,I want to do something meaningful on my birthday.I want to save up some money and donate it to a library.The library can use the money to buy books for children.It will be a nice way to help others and make my birthday even more special.
*Project:Celebrate your birthdays together
Suggested Answers Answers will vary.
Teaching Tip Encourage students to read the questions and think of something that they all can agree would be a good activity.
Sample Report There are five people in our group.Our birthdays are all in June.We would all like to celebrate our birthdays on the 15th of June.We would like to celebrate with a big picnic at the local park.Of course,everyone can come!We want to have a picnic and play party games.After that we can share a big cake.Every guest canbring something to eat and an idea for a game we can play.
Optional Activity:Party Invitations
Purpose To practise how to write an invitation card.
Materials Required Cards,things that can be used to design the card.
Procedure
1.Following on from the project activities,students make individual invitations to give out for their joint
celebration.Students stay in the same groups as the project is grouped by birthdays. 2.Show students an example of a party invitation,as below or online.
Elicit from students the information contained:
● name of the birthday person
● the date of the birthday party
● BIRTHDAY
PARTY
● where the party is
● what is happening at the party
●R .S.V.P=who to reply to (phone number,etc.) DATE:
3.Encourage students to then make individual designs that reflect TIME:
their personality,or the theme of the party to complete their PLACE
invitations. RSVP:
4.Have students hand out the invitations to their classmates.Then put students in pairs to ask questions about the invitations they have received.For example:
● Whose party are you invited to
● When/What date is the party
● What time does it start and finish Where is the party
● What is happening at the party
Value Statement:Every birthday is a gift of life.
*Reading Plus
Suggested Answers 1.The father says he wouldn't change a thing about his son because he loves him so much. 2.Tina's friend is often happy and doesn't worry much about things 3.Amy describes her mother as a beautiful and kind woman,who loves and takes care of Amy every day. 4.People write birthday cards to send their best wishes tothe person and give them a short message telling them how much they love them and appreciate them.
Sample Writing Dear Dad, You are my hero,my role model,and the man I always look up to and dream to
become.Thank you for always being there for me!I know what love is from you. Happy birthday.Dad! Your son James

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