人教版九年级全册Unit1How can we become good learners?知识点精讲

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人教版九年级全册Unit1How can we become good learners?知识点精讲

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人教版九年级 Unit 1 How can we become good learners
知识点精讲
1、by的用法:
【例句】1) Come and sit by us.
2) Peter goes to work by bus every day.
3) Tony will come back by 10:00 pm.
4) English is spoken by lots of people.
5) My brother studies history by working with a group.
6)Don’t read word by word, read word groups.
【结论】
1) by可表示位置,(1) “__________”,如句1。也有“从……旁边(经过)”之意,如pass by, go by。Eg.There is a power station by the river. 河边有一个电厂。
2) by可表示交通、传递等的方式,如句2。by bus/train/subway
by ,with ,in 辨析
by侧重于用某种手段,交通工具,传递方式或媒介。如 by ferry乘船
with侧重用有形的工具,材料,内容,with money, write with a pen
in侧重用语言,语调,笔墨,颜色,“用,以”in English, in ink, the woman in red ; They paid in cash.
3) by可表示时间,“到(某时)之前;不迟于”,如句3。Eg.by the time…到…为止。
4) by可用于构成(2) ________,“被,由”,如句4。
5) by可表示方式或手段,(3) “__________”结构在句中作方式状语,“通过,,方式(方法)”或“借助…手段”,如句5。
6) by可表示 “速率”,如句6。Word by word 逐字地
组成其它短语:
1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一 下”,常做插入语。如:By the way, where’s Lily
2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自己”。如: I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。
one by one :意为“逐个的” little by little逐渐地 day by day一天天地 step by step一步步地
by mistake错误地 by accident 意外地 (by此时是”由于”)
2、辨析aloud, loud和loudly
aloud 出声地; 大声地。常与read/ call/cry/shout 等词连用, 不用于比较级。用于动词后,强调发出的声音能被听到。
loud adv.大声地; 喧闹地。指说话声和笑声,常与talk/ speak/ laugh/ sing等词连用, 常用比较级。主要强调音调大,传得远。
loudly adv. 高声地; 喧闹地。可以和loud互换,含有“吵闹”的意思, 不悦耳,令人讨厌的或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词前或后。使用范围比loud更广,还可与其他表示声响的动词连用,knock loudly, snore loudly
3、变化系动词(become, get, go, turn, grow)
  这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。be,become,get, go, turn,grow用作连系动词时,都可以表示“变成”的意思,但具体用法有所不同。
▲be是表示“成为”的意思时,多用于将来时、祈使语气或不定式。例:He will be a scientist.
▲become是一个中性词,用于意义好、坏两方面的变化都可以。多指身份、职位等的变化,它强调变化的过程已经完成,后面可接名词或形容词。例:
He becomes a teacher. 他成了一名老师。(现在已经是一位老师)
Her mother became angry when she heard the news.她妈妈听到这个消息时非常生气。
▲get多用于口语,表示一种变化过程,强调的是“渐渐变得”,后常接形容词的比较级形式。
It’s getting darker and darker outside. 户外天色越来越暗。
与形容词old,tired和ill连用,也可以用在lost,broken,dressed,married等过去分词的前面。它不像become那样正式。 It was getting very dark.天越来越黑了。(非正式)
▲turn指在颜色和性质等方面与以前的完全不同,强调变化的结果。turn +零冠词名词
Leaves turned brown in the mountains. 山里的树叶已变成了棕色。
He decided to turn lawyer.他决定变成律师。
▲go可以用在形容词之前来谈论变化,尤其是在非正式文体中。下面两种情况,这种用法很常见:
(1)颜色go(不是get)用来表示颜色的变化,尤其是在英国英语中。
Leaves go /turn brown in autumn.秋天树叶变红了。(不能说:Leaves get brown...)
turn也可以用在这些情况;在逐渐变化时,grow也可以这样用。go在文体上比turn和grow更不正式。
(2)性质的变化 :在一些表示向坏的变化的常用词组中用go(通常不用get)。
horses go lame马腿瘸了 machines go wrong机器出毛病
meat,fish or vegetables go bad肉、鱼或蔬菜变质 milk goes off/sore年奶变质/酸
与old,tired和ill连用时要用get,而不用go.
▲grow表示“逐渐变成新的状态”的含义,指生长性的变化。如:
My younger brother is growing tall.我的弟弟渐渐长高了。
4、It’s too hard to understand spoken English.
it是形式主语, 不定式短语to understand spoken English是真正的主语, too修饰形容词hard。该句型为: It’s+too+adj.+ (for sb.)+to do sth.意思是“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。如:It’s too easy for her to answer the question.
too ... to ... 结构常表示“太……而不能……”, too后面接形容词或副词, to后面接动词原形。如:The room is too dirty to live in.
5、patient adj.意为“有耐心的”,在句中可作定语或表语。如:Dave is a patient person.
be patient with sb. 意为“对某人有耐心”。如:She’s very patient with young children.
n.意为“病人”。如:Several patients are waiting to see the doctor.
6. The more you read, the faster you’ll be.
“the+比较级+ ..., the +比较级+ ...”表示“越……,就越…”。如:The warmer the weather is, the better I will feel.
7. Why did Wei Fen find it difficult to learn English find it difficult/hard to do sth. 发现做某事很困难
find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事
find it + adj. + to do sth. 发现做某事很……句中的it是形式宾语, adj.做宾补, to do sth.是真正的宾语。同类的动词还有think, feel, consider等。
8. But I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation.
afraid用作形容词,意思是“害怕的;畏惧的”,在句中只能作表语。含有afraid的常用结构有:
★be afraid of sb. / sth. 意为“害怕某人 / 物”。 如: I’m afraid of my mother.
★be afraid of doing / to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事”。如:Mona alone at is afraid of walking / to walk night.
9. I discovered that listening to something interesting is the secret to language learning.
辨析discover, invent, find, find out, look for这组词(组)都有“发明”“发现”的意思。
Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。
He was amazed to find her there.发现她在那里,他很吃惊。
Let's try and find out what's at the back of this problems.咱们想法弄清问题的背景是怎样的。
Whatt invented the steam engine.瓦特发明了蒸汽机。
She ran across some old letters when she was looking for something else.她找别的东西时,偶然翻出几封过去的信。
discover指_______ ,某种_________ 而___________________________________。
Edison didn't discover electricity,but invented the light bulb.
invent指 _____,即原来 ______而后来 ________的东西。名词 _______ 发明_______发明家
I found a watch on the road. I found my cat asleep in my bed.
find强调在经过 _____后_____________________ (又可以表示 __________________) .
The teacher wanted to find out who had broken the door.
find out 表示 ______________
create 主要意思是 ___________________,其对象是_________ (如艺术,文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等,也可指创造出新的具体事物.)
名词 _______ 创造_______创造者
10、secret n.1)秘密; 秘诀 “秘密,机密”,也可作“奥秘”“秘诀,诀窍”解,此时只用作单数形式。
2)还可作“奥秘,神秘的事物”解,此时用复数形式。
the secret to sth …的秘密 The secret to language learning is to use it as much as possible.
the secret of doing sth.做…的秘密 The secret of learning language is to use it as much as possible.
adj. 秘密的;保密的
1)secret的基本意思是“秘密的”,指躲藏、躲避或被隐藏起来,不让别人注意到或看到,在句中可用作定语或表语。也可作“保密的或不公开的”解,在句中作定语。He is a secret person. The plan is secret.
2)secret无比较级和最高级形式。
11. I also learned useful sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” or “It serves you right.”
a piece of cake和serves sb. right是英语中的两个习惯用语, 也可称作习语idiom(s)。同汉语中的成语类似,习语是人们在长期的语言运用中约定俗成的一种固定表达方式, 其意思往往不是字面所表达的含义。
如: a piece of cake表示事情非常简单、易于解决, 相当于汉语的“小菜一碟; 小事一桩”; serves sb. right则相当于汉语说某人“活该”。
12. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked them up in a dictionary.
look up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅时,其宾语可为名词(短语)或代词。当其宾语为名词(短语)时,该名词(短语)可位于up之后,也可位于look和up之间;当其宾语为代词时,该代词位于look和up之间。如: You can look up a new word / look a new word up in the dictionary.
look up
仰视;She looked up (from her book) as I entered the room.(我进屋时,他放下书抬眼看了我。)
look sb up 看望或接触某人(尤指久别后)
Do look me up the next time you are in London.(你下次到伦敦,务必来找我。)
look sth up (在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅;
Look up the time of the next train in the timetable.(查一下火车时刻表中下一趟车的时间。)
look up to sb 赞赏或尊敬某人She has always looked up to her father. (她一向尊敬父亲。)
【look用法归纳】
look afte照顾 look like看起来像 look out当心, 小心,向外看
look through浏览 look for寻找 look forward to期待
look around向四周看 have/take a look看一看 look over检查
13、as well 也;又
I write my own songs and I play the guitar as well. 我唱自己谱曲的歌,也弹吉他。
He is a teacher and a writer as well.他是位教师,也是一位作家。
also, too, as well, either 这些词均含“也”之意。
also比too正式一些,语气较重,只用于肯定句,一般紧靠动词。
too语气较轻,多用于口语,在肯定句中使用,通常位于句末。
as well一般不用否定句,通常放在句末,强调时可放在句中。
either用于否定句,放在句末,之前加逗号。
14. note
名词:
1)记录;笔记;Please make a note of the dates. (请记下日期。)
2)短信;便条;She left a note for Ben on the kitchen table. (她在厨房的餐桌上给本留了张便条。)
3)(听讲或读书等时的)记录,笔记;
He sat taking notes of everything that was said. (他坐在那儿记下了所说的每一件事。)
4)纸币;We only exchange notes and traveller’s cheques. (我们只兑换纸币和旅行支票。)
5)音调;音符;He played first few notes of the tune. (他演奏了这只曲子开始的几个音。)
动词
1)注意;留意Please note (that) the office will be closed on Monday. (请注意办事处星期一将关门。)
指出;特别提到;It’s worth noting that the most successful companies had the lowest prices. (值得指出的是最成功的公司价格最低。)
15. depend on
depend on sb/sth 确信;坚信;信赖You can never depend on his arriving on time. (绝不可指望他能准时到达。)
depend on sb/sth (能)相信某人或某事可靠;She is a woman who can be depended on. (她是个可以信赖的人。)
depend on sth 事某事而定;取决于某事;A lot will depend on how she responds to the challenge. (在很大程度上将取决于她对这一难题的反应。)
16. join/join in/take part in
(1) join=be a member of 参加, 指加入某种组织,并成为其中的一员。
join the army / party 入伍/党 join the club 加入俱乐部
◆ join in 后接活动名称
◆ join sb. 加入到某个人群之中
(2) take part in参加,指加入群体活动中并在活动中发挥重要作用。
17. I can’t always understand spoken English.
【解析】speak →spoke →spoken v. 说
【注意】部分动词的过去分词也可做该词的形容词:
spoken 口语的 broken 坏掉的 written 写作的
18. mistake →mistook → mistaken v 错误
(1) make mistakes 放错 make mistakes in 在某方面放错
(2) mistake …for… 把…误认为…
(3) by mistake 错误地
【记】 Yesterday I ____________(放错误), I_________ Mr. Wang ___ Mr. Zhang(把……误认为), and said hello to Mr. Wang ___________(错误地).
19. connect v. 意为“连接;与……有联系”.当表示把两个物体(A和B)连接起来时,常用结构是connect A to / with / and B,其中to表示把A接到B上,多用来指动作而不指状态。
e.g. Connect the speaker to / with the record player, please.
19.review
n.复习,评论 a book review
v. 回顾,复习 review one’s life.

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