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广州八年级英语上册Unit 1（单词+课文+考点+练习）
重点单词
encyclopaedia n.百科全书 [ n,sa kl 'pid ]
human adj.人的 ['hju m n]
dinosaur n.恐龙['da n s ]
Italian n.意大利人 [ 't lj n]
inventor n.发明家 [ n'vent ]
musician n.音乐家 [mju z ( )n]
scientist n.科学家 ['sa nt st]
born v.出生[b n]
countryside n.乡村['k ntr 'sa d]
intelligence n.才智; 智慧[ n tel d ns]
artistic adj有艺术天赋 [ɑ t st k]
ability n.能力[ b l ti]
perhaps adv.可能; 大概 [p 'h ps]
invention n.发明[ n'ven n]
notebook n.笔记本 [ n tb k]
include v.包括; 包含[ n klu d]
even adv.（强调出乎意料）甚至 ['i vn]
however adv.然而 [ha 'ev ]
suddenly adv.突然; 忽然 ['s dnli]
nobody pron.没有人 [ n b di]
fossil n.化石[ f sl]
win v.获胜; 赢 [w n]
dollar n.元(美国、加拿大等货币)[ d l ]
in the countryside 在乡村; 在农村
human being 人
die out 灭绝; 消失
find out 了解（到）;弄清
go for a walk 去散步
课文内容
Look it up!
Here are two articles from an encyclopaedia.
Da Vinci, Leonardo
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian painter, inventor, musician, engineer and scientist.
Da Vinci was born in the countryside. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. As he grew older, he learnt to do many different things. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. He also had many inventions. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines.
列奥纳多 达 芬奇(1452 - 1519)是意大利画家, 发明家, 音乐家, 工程师和科学家。达芬奇出生在农村。从很小的时候,他表现出极大的智慧和艺术才能。当他长大时,他学会了做很多不同的事情。他的画是非常出名的,其中一个, 蒙娜丽莎, 也许是世界上最著名的画。他也有很多发明。例如, 他的笔记本包括一些有趣的飞行机器的图画。
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived
everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly.
Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat.
Dinosaurs lived on Earth for more than 150 million years. Then, suddenly, they all died out. Nobody knows why. However, we can learn about them from their fossils.
许多恐龙吃植物。然而,一些恐龙喜欢吃肉。恐龙生活在地球上人类6000万多年前。他们生活在地球各个地方。一些恐龙和鸡一样小。其他的有十头大象一样大。一些甚至可以飞。恐龙在地球上生活了1.5亿多年。然后, 突然, 他们都灭绝了。没有人知道为什么。不过, 我们可以从化石中了解他们。
必会重点词汇和短语
单词默写
人的___adj______ __human________.
2.恐龙 _________ _________
3.意大利人_________ _________
5.音乐家_________ _________
7.出生_________ _________
9.才智；智慧_________ _________
11.才能；能力_________ _________
13.发明_________ _________
15.包括；包含_________ _________
17.然而_________ _________
19.没有人_________ _________
21.美元_________ _________
4.发明家_________ _________
6.科学家_________ _________
8.乡村；农村_________ _________
10.有艺术天赋的_________ _________
12.可能；大概_________ _________
14.笔记本_________ _________
16.甚至_________ _________
18.突然；忽然_________ _________
20.获胜；赢_________ _________
短语默写
在乡村__________________
灭绝；消失__________________
去散步__________________
出生__________________
9.给．．．拍照__________________
2.人，人类__________________
4.了解（到）；弄清__________________
6.正如；正像__________________
8.重要的事__________________
重点词汇讲解和辨析
1.look 相关短语辨析
look up
I looked your address up in the personnel file.我从人事档案里查到了你的地址。
look out查阅注意；留心
Look out! There's a car coming.当心！汽车来了·
look over 检查
Would you mind looking over my article 您介不介意检查下我的文章？
look after 照顾
At weekends, Eason often helps his mother look after his little sister.周末的时候，Eason经常帮妈妈照顾他的妹妹。
look at 看着
The dog is looking at Liz angrily.这只狗生气地看着Liz.
look around 环顾四周
Joey looked around to make sure that there was no one nearby.乔伊环顾四周，以确定附近是不是没有人在。
look forward to 期待
Sunny looks forward to having a holiday.Sunny 期待拥有一个假期。
look like 看起来像
Daisy said Ivy looked like twenty in this dress.Daisy说Ivy穿这条裙子看起来像二十岁。
2.drawing VS.picture VS. Painting
drawing 指素描、工程图、线条图、铅笔画、钢笔画等
picture 指图片、图画、照片等。指照片时，与photo意思相同
painting 指着色的水彩画、油画等
3.as. . .as. . . 与.....一样
本句型属于事物之间的同级比较。当句子为肯定句时，用“A. . .as+和B. . . 一样”；当句子为否定句时，用“A. . .not as/so+形容词／副词＋ as B"（so. . .as不用于肯定句）
I never went through a final exam that was as difficult as that one.我从未经历过像那次一样难的期末考试。
Amanda doesn' t run so/as fast as Annabella.Amanda 跑得没有Annabella那么快。
形容词／副词，表示＂A＋as B"，表示“B. . . ".＂A
4.millions of VS. 基数词＋million
hundred,thousand,million等词，与具体数字连用时，后面不加s,不加of,直接跟名词复数。若前面无具体数字时，则后面加s,加f,表示概数“几百，几千，几百万...... ”。
如：two million birds 两百万只鸟
millions of birds 几百万只鸟
5.however VS. but
however 意为“然而”，语气较弱 常用逗号隔开 I'd lie to go with you; however, my hands are full.我很想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。
but 意为“但是”，语气相对较强 不用逗号隔开 Please excuse me, but there is something I must say.请原谅，不过有件事我必须说一下。
6.person VS .people VS. man
person 强调个体和具体的人 At least one person died and several others were injured. 至少一人死亡，另有几人受伤。
people 集体名词，泛指“人，人们”，一般不指具体的人 We must gather the people to our side. 我们必须把人聚集到我们这一边。
man 可指“男人”；也可以指人类 The chick initially has no fear of man.小鸡最初不怕人。
7.help 作动词时的6种常用搭配
help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
The boy often helps his mother to do the housework.这个男孩经常帮他的妈妈做家务。
help sb.do sth. 帮助某人做某事
The boy often helps his mother do the housework.这个男孩经常帮他的妈妈做家务。
help do sth. 帮助做某事（不强调帮助对象）
The boy often helps do the housework.这个男孩经常帮忙做家务。
help sb.with sth. 在某方面／某事上帮助某人
The boy often helps his mother with the housework.这个男孩经常帮他的妈妈做家务。
help oneself to sth. 随便吃点。。。
Please help yourself to some sweets.请随便吃点糖果吧。
can' t/couldn' t help doing 忍不住做某事
When he heard the news, he couldn't help crying.当他听到这个消息时，禁不住哭了起来。
8.remember to do & remember doing
remember to do 记得去做（事情还未做） Remember to meet me at the theatre this evening.记得今晚在剧场跟我碰面。
remember doing 记得做过（事情已做） I remember meeting you one evening at the theatre. 我记得有一天晚上在剧场遇到你。
win & beat
win 意为“赢得；获胜”；宾语常为比赛、战争等 She beat the other players and won the competition. 她打败了其他的选手，赢了这场比赛。
beat 意为“击败；打败；胜过”；宾语常为参赛者、参赛队伍或是对手
find out VS. find VS. look for
find out 意为“（通过调查而）查明；发现；查出” Scientists have found out that the illness may be caused by lack of sleep.科学家已经发现，这种疾病可能是由缺乏睡眠而导致的。
find 意为“发现；找到”，强调找的结果意 He was looking for his watch for a whole morning,but still couldn' t find it.他整个上午都在找他的手表，但仍然没有找到。
look for 为“寻找”，强调找的动作或过程
11.consist of 由．．．组成；包括
Our class consists of 20 students from different schools.
12.just like 正如，正像
just like 中的 like 为介词，意为“像”，因此，后可接名词、代词、动词ing形式或从句。
例：He acts just like a clown. 他的行为就像一个小丑一样。
Her voice sounds just like yours. 她的声音听起来很像你的声音。
When I was looking at his painting, I felt just like enjoying real scenery.
当我看着他的画作时，我感觉就像身临美境中一样。
I like to be on the stage, just like I have returned my home.
我喜欢站在舞台上面的感觉，就像回到家里。
13. It's+adj. +to do
该句为一个重要句型，意为“做某事（对某人来说）怎么样”，其中it为形式主语，真正意义上的主语为句末的不定式。
It is very important (for us) to learn English well.学好英语（对我们来说）是很重要的。
14.make sb.do sth. 使某人做某事
在此结构中make为使役动词，后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例：The boss makes the workers work 12 hours a day.
这个老板让工人们每天工作12个小时。
15.work
vi. 工作
She works hard in XES every day.他每天在XES努力工作。
vt. 使工作
He worked himself too hard when he was young.他年轻的时候使自己工作得太辛苦了。
vi. 奏效；起作用
The medicine worked well and the old man became better.这种药很有效果，老人慢慢恢复了。
n. 工作
The study in the school is quite happy and interesting.在学校的学习很快乐，也很有趣。
n. 作品；著作
The works of the master are popular all over the world. 这个大师的作品在全世界都很受欢迎。
重点语法
复合不定代词
由some,any,every,no分别与one,thing和body组合，可组成下列复合不定代词：
someone anyone everyone no one
somebody anybody everybody nobody
something anything everything nothing
1.与some和any的区别类似，由some 构成的复合不定代词常用于肯定句中，而由any构成的复合不定代词常用于否定句和疑问句中。但some构成的复合不定代词可放在表示请求或建议的疑问句中。
I heard something strange just now. 我刚刚听见一些奇怪的声音。
There isn' t anything left in the fridge. 冰箱里什么都没有剩下。
Would you like something to eat 你想要吃点什么吗？
2.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。
Someone wants to see you outside. 外面有人想见你。
3.形容词修饰复合不定代词时，应放在复合不定代词之后，作定语后置。
something important
anything possible
nothing wrong
同步练习
单项选择——中考链接
1.(杭州中考）This morning I_________some new restaurants on the Internet for I wanted to take Mia to a nice restaurant for her birthday.
A.picked up B.looked up C.cleaned up D.gave up
2.(广州中考）－－－Have you brought________with you We won' t have time to come back.
－－－ Don' t worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag.
A.something B.anything C.nothing D.everything
3.(梅州中考） ---Mom,Bill is coming to dinner this evening.
－－－ OK. Let' s give him________to eat.
anything different B.different anything C.something different D. different something
4.(深圳中考） ---I phoned you at six last night,but _________ answered.
I _________ a walk in the park at that time.
no one;was having B.anyone;was having C.nobody;had D.somebody;had
5.(清远中考）There's always_________in newspapers.
A.anything new B.something new C.new something D.new anything
6.(茂名中考）I asked her for________milk,but she didn' t have________.
A.any;some B.some;any C.some;some
7.(湛江中考）－－－Do you have special to tell me today
－－－No, _______.
A.something;anything C. anything;something
B.nothing;anything D.anything;nothing
8.(佛山中考）Mum came in with a serious look, and I knew_______was wrong.
A.nothing B.anything C.something
9.(广州中考）Miss Green didn't talk much to other people. There was always _______a little sad
about her.
A.everything B.anything C.nothing D.something
10.(深圳模拟）－－－ How many teachers are there in your school
－_______，but I' m not sure.
A. Hundreds
B. Hundred
C. Hundreds of
D.One hundred
完成句子
1.我喜欢在农村生活。
I like living _________ _________ _________ .
2.他出生在北京。
－He _________ _________ in Beijing.
3.这种动物因栖息地正受到破坏，几乎绝种了。
The animal' s habitat is being destroyed and it has nearly _________ _________ .
4.你能查问出火车什么时候开吗？
Can you _________ _________ what time the train leaves
5.他正如一个老师一样，教会了我很多。
He taught me so much _________ _________ a teacher.
参考答案
单选题：
1-5：BDCAB
6-10：BDCDD
完成句子：
1. in the countryside
2. was born
3. died out
4. find out
5. just like

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