资源简介

高考英语长难句分析-能力提升140分以上
The carp fed on organic matter that either dropped or was thrown into the pond, while the mud scooped up from the pond fertilized the fruit trees and the rice fields and added height to the embankments and more protection for the fishponds.
词汇补充
carp /kɑ p/ n. a freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae; to complain or find fault continually. 鲤鱼；挑剔，抱怨。
如例句:The lake is stocked with carp.例句意思: 这个湖里放养了鲤鱼。
我们考试常用短语搭配有：carp about 持续抱怨
如例句: She is always carping about her workload.她总是在抱怨她的工作量。
考试中常见的同根词有:carper / kɑ p / n. 爱挑剔的人carping / kɑ p / adj. 持续抱怨的，吹毛求疵的
scoop /sku p/ v. to pick up and move (something) with a scoop, a spoon, etc.（用勺、铲子等）舀，铲，取
如例句：She has a job scooping ice cream.她的工作是用勺舀冰激凌。
考试中常见的短语搭配有：scoop up 舀起，捡起
如例句：She scooped up the toys from the floor.她把地上的玩具捡了起来。
它也有名词词性，意为a utensil resembling a spoon with a long handle and a deep bowl, used for serving or dishing out liquids or granular materials; an exclusive news story. 勺子；独家新闻。
如例句: He used a scoop to serve the ice cream.他用勺子盛冰淇淋。
考试中常用短语搭配有:news scoop 独家新闻
如例句: The reporter got a big scoop on the political scandal.记者抢到了政治丑闻的大新闻。

embankment / m b km nt/ n. a wall or bank of earth or stone built to prevent a river flooding an area or to carry a road or railway over low ground. 堤岸；路堤。
如例句: The river overflowed, flooding the embankment.河水泛滥，淹没了堤岸。
成分分析
The carp fed on organic matter that either dropped or was thrown into the pond, while the mud scooped up from the pond fertilized the fruit trees and the rice fields and added height to the embankments and more protection for the fishponds.
这个句子描述了一个生态系统的良性循环。鲤鱼以掉入或被丢入池塘的有机物为食，而池塘泥土则被多种方式利用，不仅施肥果树和稻田，还增加堤坝的高度，从而提供更多的保护。
主干结构为：主语：The carp表示“鲤鱼”。谓语：fed on表示“以……为食”。宾语：organic matter表示“有机物”。
后面的that引导定语从句；修饰“organic matter”；谓语： either dropped or was thrown并列结构，表示“掉入或被丢入”状语：into the pond
while连词，表示对比，同时发生的情况，或者伴随状况。这里表示与前面句子的对比。主语：the mud谓语-1：fertilized 宾语：the fruit trees and the rice fields谓语-2：added 后跟了and并列的两个宾语；分别为 宾语-1：height to the embankments；宾语-2：more protection for the fishponds：后置定语：scooped up from the pond修饰主语“the mud”，表示泥土是从池塘中舀起来的。
参考译文
The carp fed on organic matter that either dropped or was thrown into the pond, while the mud scooped up from the pond fertilized the fruit trees and the rice fields and added height to the embankments and more protection for the fishponds.
译文：鲤鱼以掉落或被扔进池塘的有机物为食，而从池塘里舀出的泥土给果树和稻田施肥，增加了堤岸的高度，加强了鱼塘的保护。
Deforestation of the salamanders’ wood land habitat may be to blame, the study ndings suggest. Whole-clutch cannibalism was three times more common in areas with low upstream forest cover than in those with greater coverage. Vegetation helps to prevent streambank erosion, keeping back salt- lled silt that changes the water chemistry and lls the gaps between gravel—where hellbender larvae live. Trees also shade the streams, keeping the water cooler and more oxygen-rich.
参考译文：研究结果表明，对蝾螈林地栖息地的砍伐可能是罪魁祸首。在上游森林覆盖率低的地区，整群同类相食的发生率是上游森林覆盖率高的地区的三倍。植被有助于防止河岸侵蚀，防止含盐淤泥改变水的化学成分，并填满砾石之间的空隙，而砾石正是蝾螈蛾幼虫生活的地方。树木也为溪流遮荫，使水更凉爽，更富含氧气。
句子分析：Vegetation helps to prevent streambank erosion, keeping back salt- lled silt that changes the water chemistry and lls the gaps between gravel—where hellbender larvae live.这个句子主句为Vegetation helps to prevent streambank erosion；后面的现在分词词组keeping.............作状语；表示植被的一个附加作用是阻挡充满盐分的淤泥。句子中出现了两个定语从句，“that changes the water chemistry”修饰先行词“salt-filled silt”，指出这种淤泥会改变水的化学组成；“where hellbender larvae live”修饰先行词“gaps”，提供了hellbender幼虫生存空间的位置信息。这理解的破折号插入附加信息，强调淤泥对水环境和生物栖息地的具体影响。
具体成分分析如下：主语：Vegetation（植被）谓语：helps（帮助）宾语：不定式“to prevent streambank erosion”说明植被帮助的具体行为。状语：现在分词短语“keeping back salt-filled silt”（阻止含盐淤泥）作为谓语的状语定语从句：that changes the water chemistry（改变水的化学性质）是修饰“salt-filled silt”（含盐淤泥）的定语从句，提供了淤泥对水质影响的额外信息。where hellbender larvae live”（幼虫居住的地方）是另一个定语从句，修饰“gaps”（空隙），为生物栖息地提供了具体的地理描述。
词汇补充：
deforestation / di f r ste n/ n. Deforestation is the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people. 森林砍伐；指在一个大面积区域内砍伐树木，或人为破坏森林。如例句：Deforestation is contributing to climate change as it reduces the earth's ability to absorb carbon dioxide.森林砍伐正由于减少了地球吸收二氧化碳的能力，从而对气候变化做出了贡献。
blame /ble m/ v. Blame is the act of saying or thinking that someone or something did something wrong or is responsible for something bad happening. 责备；是说或认为某人或某事做错了事或应对发生的坏事负责如例句：He doesn't admit his mistakes and always finds someone to blame.他不承认自己的错误，总是找人责备。
upstream / pstri m/ adv. Upstream means towards the source of a river; in the opposite direction to the way the river is flowing. 逆流；意味着朝河流的源头方向；与河流流动的方向相反。如例句：The factory was built upstream from the residential area.工厂建在住宅区上游。
streambank / stri m.b k/ n. A streambank is the ground bordering a stream, holding or confining the water in the stream. 河岸；指是与河流相邻的地面，保持或限制在河流中的水。如例句：The streambank was eroded significantly due to heavy rainfall.由于大雨，河岸遭到了严重侵蚀。
erosion / r n/ n. Erosion is the process by which the surface of the earth gets worn away, for example, by the action of water, wind, or ice. 侵蚀；指地球表面被侵蚀的过程，例如，通过水、风或冰的作用。如例句：Soil erosion can lead to a decrease in agricultural productivity.土壤侵蚀可能导致农业生产力下降。
gravel / ɡr v l/ n. Gravel is a mixture of small stones and pebbles, often used to make paths and roads. 碎石；指是小石头和鹅卵石的混合物，经常用来铺设小径和道路。如例句：We could hear the crunch of gravel under the tires as we drove up the driveway.当我们开车上车道时，能听到轮胎下碎石的嘎吱声。
Cannibalism isn’t the only human-in uenced cause of death threatening hellbender populations; anglers sometimes snag adults, and a silt- lled habitat itself can harm larvae. “This is a species that’s been around for millions of years,” surviving the extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs, Hopkins says. “And now we humans are driving it to extinction.”
参考译文：同类相食并不是唯一受人类影响的死亡原因，威胁水生蝾螈种群; 垂钓者有时会钓到成虫，而充满淤泥的栖息地本身也会伤害到幼虫。霍普金斯说:“这是一个已经存在了数百万年的物种，”在恐龙灭绝的灭绝事件中幸存下来。“而现在我们人类正在把它推向灭绝。”
词汇补充：
angler / ɡl r/ n. An angler is someone who fishes with a rod and line. 钓鱼者；指的是使用钓竿和鱼线钓鱼的人。如例句：The angler spent the morning by the river, hoping to catch some trout.钓鱼者在河边度过了上午，希望能钓到一些鳟鱼。
snag /sn ɡ/ v. to catch and tear (something) on something sharp 使钩破；使撕破如例句：I snagged my favorite sweater on a nail.我最心爱的毛衣被钉子钩破了。
extinction / k st k n/ n. The state or process of a species, family, or larger group being or becoming extinct. 灭绝如例句：Many species are facing extinction due to habitat destruction and climate change.由于栖息地破坏和气候变化，许多物种面临灭绝。
wipe out 完全摧毁或移除某物。如例句: The small village was wiped out by the mudslide.小村庄被泥石流彻底摧毁。
Restoring forest cover and putting in protections around streams will take de-cades, Hopkins says. In the short term, conservationists could keep the numbers up by rearing hellbender larvae for release and avoiding this danger at the nest.
参考译文：霍普金斯说，恢复森林覆盖和保护溪流需要几十年的时间。在短期内，环保主义者可以通过饲养水生蝾螈的幼虫来保持数量，并在巢穴中避免这种危险。
词汇补充：
conservation / k ns ve n/ n. The protection of natural resources to prevent them from being spoiled or wasted. 保护；保护自然资源以防止它们被破坏或浪费。如例句：Wildlife conservation efforts are critical to protecting endangered species.野生动物保护工作对于保护濒危物种至关重要。
rear /r r/ v. To rear means to care for young animals or children until they are able to care for themselves. 养育；照顾幼小的动物或儿童，直到它们能够自我照顾。如例句：Some birds rear their offspring in a nest for several weeks before they can fly.一些鸟类在巢中养育它们的后代好几周，直到它们能飞。高考英语长难句分析2--能力提升140分以上
Successive government have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.
词汇补充
successive /s k s s v/ adj. following one after the other in a series, without interruption. 连续的，接连的。
如例句: The team won three successive championships.该团队连续赢得了三次冠军。
以下是我们考试中常见的同义词，这组词都有“连续的”的意思，其区别是： continuous 语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断。 constant 多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。 continual 强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断。 persistent 普通用词，可指不懈的努力，也可指任何连续不断或重复出现的事物。 successive 强调事物一个接一个地发生，无间断。
permit /p m t/ v. to give permission or allow something to happen. 允许，准许。
如例句:They permitted us to use the facilities.他们允许我们使用这些设施。
我们考试中常用短语搭配有:permit someone to do something 允许某人做某事；用于表示合法或正式允许某人或某事的情形。
如例句: The university permits students to access the library resources remotely to facilitate their research work.大学允许学生远程访问图书馆资源，以方便他们的研究工作。
我们考试中常见的同根词有:permission /p m n/ n. 许可permissible /p m s bl/ adj. 允许的
On the grounds that...... 是一个介词短语，用于引出一个理由或依据，表示某事发生的原因或理由，相当于 "because" 或 "due to the fact that"。
中文释义为“基于…的理由，因…而”；常用于较为正式的书面表达中，以解释某个决定、行动或结论的依据。
我们在写作中：The government should impose stricter regulations on environmental pollution on the grounds that the long-term health of the population is at stake.政府应该以公众的长期健康受到威胁为由，对环境污染实施更严格的法规。Some people believe that environmental problems should be addressed by the government, while others think that individuals should take responsibility. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
The proposal to ban private vehicles in the city center was rejected on the grounds that it would cause significant inconvenience to residents.禁止市中心私人车辆的提议被否决，理由是这将给居民带来极大的不便。Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Cities should ban private vehicles from entering the city center to reduce traffic congestion and pollution.
invest / n v st/ v. to allocate money or resources with the expectation of a future return or benefit. 投资，投入。
如例句: She decided to invest in the stock market.她决定投资股市。
我们考试中常用短语搭配有:invest in something 投资于某物
如例句：He invested a lot of time in learning a new language.他投入了大量时间学习新语言。
我们考试中常见的同根词有:investment / n v stm nt/ n. 投资investor / n v st / n. 投资者
borne为bear的过去分词形式；bear /b / v. to carry, support, or endure something. 承受，忍受，携带。
如例句: She had to bear the pain after the surgery.手术后她不得不忍受疼痛。
我们考试中常用短语搭配有:bear in mind意为“记住，考虑到”
如例句：Please bear in mind the risks involved in this decision.请记住这个决定中涉及的风险。
成分分析
Successive government have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.
长句分析：本句话的主干核心结构为：主语 (Subject): Successive governments谓语 (Predicate): have permitted宾语 (Object): such increases这三个部分组成了句子的主干，即 “Successive governments have permitted such increases”，意思是“历届政府允许了这些增长”。
这个句子中包含一个原因状语从句，作为句子的补充成分解释了政府允许这些增长的原因。on the grounds that...是固定短语，表示“基于…的理由”，引导从句解释前面的主句动作的原因。从句的核心结构为:主语: the cost of investing in and running the rail network；其中The cost 是主语，表示“成本”；of investing in and running the rail network 是介词短语，修饰名词 cost，表示“投资和运营铁路网络的成本”。谓语：should be borne宾语: by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer；其中By those who use it 是介词短语，表示动作的执行者，即“使用它的人们”；里面包含了who引导的定语从句，修饰前面的名词those，即“使用铁路网络的人”。后面“rather than the general taxpayer ”表示“而不是普通纳税人”。
参考译文
Successive government have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.历届政府都准许了类似的提价，理由是铁路网的投资与运营成本理应由其使用者而非全体纳税人承担。
There are other historians, however, who claim the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet another attempt to prevent grave robbers from getting to the king's burial chamber.
词汇补充
vessel / ves l/ n. a hollow container, especially one used to hold liquid, such as a bowl or cask. 用来盛液体的空容器，如碗或桶。
如例句：The vessel was filled with wine.这个容器装满了酒。
dump into 意为 to pour or unload (something, typically waste or unwanted material) abruptly or carelessly. 粗心地或突然地倾倒或卸载（通常是废物或不需要的材料）。
如例句：They dump the waste into the ocean.他们将废物倾倒入海中。3
shaft / ɑ ft/ n. a long vertical passage sunk into the earth, as for a mine or tunnel. 沉入地球的长垂直通道，如用于矿井或隧道。
如例句：An elevator shaft电梯井
grave /ɡre v/ n. a place in the ground where a dead body is buried. 地下埋葬尸体的地方；坟墓
如例句：He visited his grandfather's grave.他去参观了他祖父的坟墓。
robber / r b r/ n. A person who steals money or property. 偷钱或财产的人。
如例句：The robber was caught by the police.强盗被警察抓住了。
burial / b ri l/ n. the act or ceremony of burying a dead body in a grave. 在坟墓中埋葬尸体的行为或仪式。
如例句：A burial service was held on Saturday.周六举行了一次葬礼。
chamber / t e mb r/ n. A room used for a special or official purpose, or a group of people who form (part of) a parliament. 用于特殊或官方用途的房间，或形成（部分）议会的一群人。
如例句：The heart has four chambers.心脏有四个腔室。
成分分析
There are other historians, however, who claim the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet another attempt to prevent grave robbers from getting to the king's burial chamber.
这句话中包含了who引导的定语从句；在这个定语从句中包含了省略了that的宾语从句，作claim的宾语；there be句式是一个倒装结构的句子；后面的other historian是主句的主语；
主句成分分析如下：主语：other historians系动词：are表语：there状语：however（转折状语，用来引入与前文对比的信息）
who引导的定语从句成分分析如下：主语：who（指代other historians）谓语：claim宾语从句：the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet another attempt to prevent grave robbers from getting to the king's burial chamber；
在这个宾语从句中：主语：the vessels谓语：were dumped状语：into the shafts方式状语：as yet another attempt目的状语：to prevent grave robbers from getting to the king's burial chamber
参考译文
There are other historians, however, who claim the vessels were dumped into the shafts as yet another attempt to prevent grave robbers from getting to the king's burial chamber. 但是，也有一些其他的历史学家声称，这些石船应当是被随意抛掷在各个空墓室里的，这是另一项试图阻止那些胆大包天的盗墓贼进入君王陵寝冢室的手段。
Although the truly wise may seem few and far between, empirical research examining wisdom suggests that it isn't an exceptional trait possessed by a small handful of bearded philosophers after all - in fact, the latest studies suggest that most of us have the ability to make wise decisions, given the right context.
词汇补充
few and far between 少见的，罕有的，表示发生频率很低的事情。
如例句:Opportunities like this are few and far between.像这样的机会非常少见。
empirical / m p r k l/ adj. based on observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic. 经验的，以观察或经验为基础的，而不是基于理论或纯粹的逻辑。
如例句:The scientist gathered empirical evidence to support his theory.科学家收集了实证证据来支持他的理论。
possess /p z s/ v. to have or own something; to have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill. 拥有，占有，具有（某种属性、知识或技能）。
如例句:She possesses a unique talent for music.她拥有一种独特的音乐天赋。
我们考试常见的同根词有:possession /p z n/ n. 拥有，财产possessive /p z s v/ adj. 占有欲强的，所有的
bearded / b d d/ adj. having a beard; describing a person who has facial hair on the chin and cheeks. 有胡须的，指有下巴和面颊部有胡须的人。
如例句:The bearded man at the counter gave me a friendly smile.柜台前那个有胡子的男人友好地对我笑了笑。
成分分析
Although the truly wise may seem few and far between, empirical research examining wisdom suggests that it isn't an exceptional trait possessed by a small handful of bearded philosophers after all - in fact, the latest studies suggest that most of us have the ability to make wise decisions, given the right context.
本句话是一个复杂的复合句，包含多个从句。主句部分：empirical research examining wisdom suggests that it isn't an exceptional trait possessed by a small handful of bearded philosophers after all主句中包含了that引导的宾语从句，作suggest的宾语；主句主语：empirical research，表示“实证研究”；后面 examining wisdom；修饰“empirical research”，表示研究的内容，即“对智慧的研究”；谓语：suggests
that 引导的宾语从句中：主语： it；指代“智慧”；系动词：isn't表语：an exceptional trait，表示“一个例外的特质”；
后面possessed by a small handful of bearded philosophers为过去分词短语，修饰“trait”，表示被一小群有胡子的哲学家所拥有的特质。after all: 副词短语，表示“毕竟”，用来强调前述结论。
本句开头是由“Although”引导的让步状语从句“Although the truly wise may seem few and far between”表示尽管真正的智者看起来稀少。其中：主语：the truly wise表示“真正的智者”。系动词：may seem表示“可能看起来”。表语：few and far between: 形容词短语，作表语，表示“稀少的，罕见的”。破折号后，包含了that引导的宾语从句，作suggest的宾语；
in fact表示“实际上”，用来强调或引出一个新的观点。the latest studies：作主语，表示“最新的研究”。suggest：作谓语，表示“表明，暗示”。
在宾语从句that most of us have the ability to make wise decisions, given the right context中：most of us 作从句的主语，表示“我们大多数人”。have作从句的谓语；the ability 为从句的宾语；to make wise decisions作ability的定语部分，表示“做出明智决策的能力”后面given the right context作条件状语，表示“在合适的情境下”。
参考译文
Although the truly wise may seem few and far between, empirical research examining wisdom suggests that it isn't an exceptional trait possessed by a small handful of bearded philosophers after all - in fact, the latest studies suggest that most of us have the ability to make wise decisions, given the right context.
尽管真正有大智慧者貌似凤毛麟角，然而旨在分析智慧的实证研究却显示：它并非只是为一小群长胡子的哲学家所独有的一种稀有特质-实际上，最近的研究表明：我们大多数人都有能力做出明智的决定，只要有了正确的场景。

展开更多......

收起↑