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高考长难句分析3----能力提升140分以上
The explosion caused by the impact of a Mars-sized body with a semi-molten Earth is thought to have ejected huge quantities of mantle rock from the primordial Earth.
词汇补充
explosion / k spl n/ n. a violent and destructive shattering or blowing apart of something. 爆炸；爆发
如例句: The explosion caused extensive damage to the building.爆炸对建筑物造成了严重破坏。
常用短语搭配有：nuclear explosion 核爆炸gas explosion 煤气爆炸
我们考试中常见的同根词有：explode / k spl d/ v. 爆炸explosive / k spl s v/ adj. 爆炸性的；极易引起争论的
eject / d ekt/ v. to force or throw something out in a sudden and violent way. 弹出；驱逐。
如例句: The pilot had to eject from the aircraft.飞行员不得不从飞机上弹出。
我们常用短语搭配有：eject from 从...弹出；驱逐
如例句：The unruly fan was ejected from the stadium.那名不守规矩的球迷被驱逐出了体育场。
我们考试中常见的同根词有：ejection / d ek n/ n. 弹出；驱逐ejector / d ekt / n. 弹出器
mantle / m ntl/ n. the layer of the Earth between the crust and the core; a covering or cloak. 地幔；覆盖物；斗篷。
如例句: The Earth's mantle is composed of semi-solid rock.地球的地幔由半固态岩石组成。
我们常用短语搭配有：mantle of ...的覆盖物
如例句：A mantle of snow covered the fields.一层雪覆盖了田野。
assume the mantle of 承担...的责任如例句：She assumed the mantle of leadership after the CEO retired.首席执行官退休后，她承担了领导责任。
primordial /pra m di l/ adj. existing at or from the beginning of time; primeval. 原始的；最初的。
如例句: The scientist studied the primordial conditions of the early Earth.科学家研究了地球早期的原始状态
成分分析
The explosion caused by the impact of a Mars-sized body with a semi-molten Earth is thought to have ejected huge quantities of mantle rock from the primordial Earth.
这句话主要描述了一个由与半熔融状态的地球碰撞的火星大小天体所引发的爆炸，并且这次爆炸被认为喷出了大量的地幔岩石。
主句核心：The explosion is thought to have ejected huge quantities of mantle rock from the primordial Earth.主语：The explosion（这次爆炸）谓语：is thought to have ejected（被认为喷出了）宾语：huge quantities of mantle rock（大量的地幔岩石）状语：from the primordial Earth（来自原始地球）
剩余部分的成分分析：caused by the impact of a Mars-sized body with a semi-molten Earth：为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰主语“the explosion”，说明爆炸的原因，即由“与半熔融状态的地球碰撞的火星大小的天体”所引起的。其中of a Mars-sized body：为介词短语作定语，修饰“impact”，说明是什么样的天体造成了碰撞，即“火星大小的天体”。with a semi-molten Earth：作补充说明，描述碰撞的对象，即“与半熔融状态的地球”。
参考译文
The explosion caused by the impact of a Mars-sized body with a semi-molten Earth is thought to have ejected huge quantities of mantle rock from the primordial Earth.
译文：人们认为，火星大小的天体撞击半熔融的地球所引起的爆炸，从原始地球上喷射出了大量的地幔岩石
Our obsession with hygiene, our overuse of antibiotics and our unhealthy, low-fibre diets are disrupting the bacterial balance and may be responsible for soaring rates of allergies and immune problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
词汇补充
obsession / b se n/ n. an idea or thought that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's mind. 痴迷，执念，指持续占据或干扰一个人思想的想法或思维。
如例句:His obsession with cleanliness is starting to worry his friends.他对清洁的痴迷开始让他的朋友们感到担忧。
我们常用短语搭配:obsession with 对……的痴迷
如例句:She has an obsession with perfection.她对完美有一种痴迷。
我们考试中常见的同根词有:obsess / b ses/ v. 使痴迷，迷住。obsessive / b ses v/ adj. 痴迷的，强迫性的
hygiene / ha d i n/ n. conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease, especially through cleanliness. 卫生，尤其是通过清洁来维持健康和预防疾病的条件或做法。
如例句:Good hygiene is essential for preventing the spread of disease.良好的卫生对预防疾病的传播至关重要。
我们常用短语搭配:personal hygiene 个人卫生
如例句:Maintaining personal hygiene is important for health.保持个人卫生对健康很重要。
antibiotic / ntiba t k/ n. a medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms. 抗生素，一种抑制或杀灭微生物的药物。
如例句:The doctor prescribed an antibiotic to treat the infection.医生开了一种抗生素来治疗感染。
fibre / fa b / n. a thread or filament from which a vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile is formed. In nutrition, fibre refers to dietary fibre found in food that helps with digestion. 纤维，构成植物组织、矿物质或纺织品的细丝。在营养学中，纤维指的是食物中的膳食纤维，有助于消化。
如例句:A diet high in fibre can help prevent constipation.高纤维饮食可以帮助预防便秘。
我们常用短语搭配:dietary fibre 膳食纤维
如例句：Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of dietary fibre.水果和蔬菜是膳食纤维的丰富来源。
disrupt /d s r pt/ v. to interrupt an event, activity, or process by causing a disturbance or problem. 打乱，扰乱，通过制造干扰或问题来中断事件、活动或过程。
如例句:The storm disrupted the train service.暴风雨打乱了火车服务。
我们考试中常见的同根词有:disruption /d s r p n/ n. 破坏，扰乱disruptive /d s r pt v/ adj. 破坏性的，扰乱的
immune / mju n/ adj. resistant to a particular infection or toxin owing to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells. 免疫的，因存在特定抗体或敏感白细胞而对特定感染或毒素有抵抗力的。
如例句:After vaccination, the body becomes immune to the disease.接种疫苗后，身体对该疾病具有免疫力。
我们常见的短语搭配有:immune system 免疫系统
如例句：A strong immune system helps protect against illnesses.强健的免疫系统有助于防止疾病。
考试中常见的同根词有:immunity / mju n ti/ n. 免疫力，免疫性
inflammatory / n fl m t ri/ adj. relating to or causing inflammation of a part of the body. It can also mean arousing or intended to arouse angry or violent feelings. 炎症的，涉及或引起身体部位炎症的。也可以指煽动性的，引起愤怒或暴力情绪的。
如例句:The inflammatory response is the body's way of dealing with infection.炎症反应是身体应对感染的方式。
bowel / ba l/ n. the part of the alimentary canal below the stomach; the intestine. It is usually used in the plural form ("bowels"). 肠道，位于胃部以下的消化道部分，通常以复数形式使用（"bowels"）。
如例句:Bowel movements are an important indicator of digestive health.排便是消化健康的重要指标。
成分分析、
Our obsession with hygiene, our overuse of antibiotics and our unhealthy, low-fibre diets are disrupting the bacterial balance and may be responsible for soaring rates of allergies and immune problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
这个句子通过多个并列的名词短语作为主语，详细描述了导致细菌平衡被打破的几个主要因素，进而引出了可能导致过敏和免疫系统问题增加的结果。
主句部分为：Our obsession with hygiene, our overuse of antibiotics and our unhealthy, low-fibre diets are disrupting the bacterial balance and may be responsible for soaring rates of allergies and immune problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).主语：Our obsession with hygiene, our overuse of antibiotics and our unhealthy, low-fibre diets；三个短语并列，组成复合主语；谓语：are disrupting, 表示“扰乱”或“破坏”宾语：the bacterial balance，指“细菌平衡”。and 为连词，连接两个并列的谓语部分谓语：may be responsible for；其中情态动词“may”，表示一种可能性；be responsible for表示“对……负责”或“是……的原因”宾语：soaring rates of allergies and immune problems 指“过敏和免疫问题激增的比率”；后面 such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) 为介词短语，表示列举实例。
参考译文
Our obsession with hygiene, our overuse of antibiotics and our unhealthy, low-fibre diets are disrupting the bacterial balance and may be responsible for soaring rates of allergies and immune problems, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
我们对清洁卫生的痴迷、对抗生素的过度使用以及我们不健康的低纤维饮食，都在打破这种细菌体系的平衡，也许正是这些原因造成了过敏和各种免疫系统问题-例如发炎性肠道疾病-的发病率飚升。
Despite the fact that the origin of the Moon is still debated, planetary geologists have been able to work out some of the basic details of the Moon's history, using among other things variations in crater density (quantity per unit area).
词汇补充
variation / ve ri e n/ n. a change or slight difference in condition, amount, or level, typically within certain limits. 变化；变动。
如例句: There is a significant variation in temperature throughout the year.一年中温度有显著的变化。
我们考试中常见的同根词有：vary / ve ri/ v. 变化variable / ve ri bl/ adj. 可变的；易变的variant / ve ri nt/ n. 变种；变体
crater / kre t / n. a large, bowl-shaped cavity in the ground or on the surface of a planet, typically one caused by an explosion or the impact of a meteorite. 火山口；陨石坑。
如例句: The crater left by the meteorite is visible from space.陨石留下的陨石坑从太空中可见。
density / d ns ti/ n. the degree of compactness of a substance. 密度
如例句: The density of the material affects its weight.材料的密度影响其重量。
我们考试中常见的同根词有：dense /d ns/ adj.密集的；稠密的densely / d nsli/ adv. 密集地；浓厚地
成分分析
Despite the fact that the origin of the Moon is still debated, planetary geologists have been able to work out some of the basic details of the Moon's history, using among other things variations in crater density (quantity per unit area).
在这个句子中，这个句子是一个复杂句，包含一个主句和两个从句。主句是 planetary geologists have been able to work out some of the basic details of the Moon's history，表示行星地质学家已经能够解析出月球历史的一些基本细节。让步状语中包含了that引导的同位语从句：Despite the fact that the origin of the Moon is still debated 引出背景条件，尽管月球的起源仍然存在争议。现在分词短语 using among other things variations in crater density 作为方式状语，进一步说明科学家们用什么方法进行了解析。
主句核心为：主语：planetary geologists指代“行星地质学家”。谓语：have been able to work out表示“能够解析”或“能够解决”。宾语：some of the basic details of the Moon's history其中 of the Moon's history：介词短语，进一步修饰 details，表明这些细节与“月球的历史”有关。
在这个句子中，“Despite the fact that...” 是一个常用的高级表达，用于强调在不利条件或矛盾情况下所取得的成就，使得句子的表达更具层次感。
参考译文
Despite the fact that the origin of the Moon is still debated, planetary geologists have been able to work out some of the basic details of the Moon's history, using among other things variations in crater density (quantity per unit area).
译文：尽管月球的起源仍有争议，但行星地质学家已经能够计算出月球历史的一些基本细节，其中包括利用陨石坑密度的变化(单位面积上的数量)。高考英语长难句分析4-----能力提升140分以上
Furthermore, over hundreds of years the outlines would sometimes change due to people not always cutting in exactly the same place, thus creating a different shape to the original hieroglyph.
词汇补充
outline / a tla n/ n. a general description or plan showing the essential features of something but without the detail. 轮廓，概要
如例句：The teacher gave us an outline of the chapter we need to read.老师给了我们需要阅读的章节的概要。
geoglyph / d i ɡl f/ n. a large design or motif (generally longer than 4 meters) produced on the ground and typically formed by clastic rocks or similarly durable elements of the landscape, such as stones, stone fragments, gravel, or earth. 地画
如例句:The Nazca Lines in Peru are some of the most famous geoglyphs in the world.秘鲁的纳斯卡线条是世界上最著名的地画之一。
成分分析
Furthermore, over hundreds of years the outlines would sometimes change due to people not always cutting in exactly the same place, thus creating a different shape to the original geoglyph.
这句话本质是一个简单句，由主句和多个状语部分构成。句子从时间、原因到结果，逻辑清晰：由于人们在几百年的时间里不总是在同一个地方进行切割，轮廓线可能会发生变化，从而产生了与原始地画不同的形状。
连接词 ：Furthermore是副词，作状语，表示进一步的补充说明，相当于“此外”或“进一步来说”。时间状语 ：over hundreds of years主语 ：the outlines谓语：would change原因状语：due to people not always cutting in exactly the same place结果状语：thus creating a different shape to the original geoglyph；其中thus 为副词, 表示结果；
参考译文
Furthermore, over hundreds of years the outlines would sometimes change due to people not always cutting in exactly the same place, thus creating a different shape to the original geoglyph.
而且， 在过去的几百年间，画像的轮廓有时候会发生一些变化，因为人们并不总是会在完全相同的地方切割草皮，于是就创造出了一个与最初版本不尽相同的形状。
Using microscopes of his own design that could magnify up to 270 times, he examined a drop of water from a nearby lake and found it teeming with tiny creatures he called 'animalcules.
词汇补充
magnify / m ɡn fa / v. to make something appear larger than it is, especially by using a lens or microscope. It can also mean to increase the importance or effect of something. 放大，特别是通过使用镜头或显微镜使某物看起来更大。也可以指增强某事物的重要性或效果。
如例句:The microscope can magnify objects up to 1000 times.显微镜可以将物体放大至1000倍。
我们考试中常见的同根词有:magnification / m ɡn f ke n/ n. 放大，放大率magnifier / m ɡn fa / n. 放大镜
teem /ti m/ v. to be full of or swarming with something, especially living things or large quantities of something. 充满，特别是充满生物或大量的某物。
如例句:The river was teeming with fish.河里充满了鱼。
成分分析
Using microscopes of his own design that could magnify up to 270 times, he examined a drop of water from a nearby lake and found it teeming with tiny creatures he called 'animalcules.
这个句子结构复杂且层次分明，通过分词短语、定语从句和并列结构的使用，使句子在表达上更为细致和明确。
这句话的主句是由and并列的两个谓语；本句话中包含了that引导的定语从句和后面省略了关系词的定语从句；
主句部分为：he examined a drop of water from a nearby lake and found it teeming with tiny creatures；主语：he谓语： examined；表示“检查”或“观察”宾语：a drop of water from a nearby lakeand 并列的第二个谓语为：found宾语：it宾语补足语：teeming with tiny creatures后面“he called 'animalcules'”为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰“tiny creatures”，解释这些生物的命名。句首部分Using microscopes of his own design that could magnify up to 270 times为现在分词短语，作状语，修饰主句的主语，描述动作发生的方式或工具。里面包含了that引导的定语从句；修饰“microscopes”，表示显微镜的放大倍数。
参考译文
Using microscopes of his own design that could magnify up to 270 times, he examined a drop of water from a nearby lake and found it teeming with tiny creatures he called 'animalcules'.
他自行设计制作了一架最高能放大到 270 倍的显微镜，他用此检视了来自附近湖中的一滴水， 发现其中充斥着微小的生物，他将它们称作 “极微动物” 。
By 1581 in the Longshan area of Shunde county, for example, eighteen percent of the productive land was fishponds and, combined with the mulberry trees on the embankments, accounted for about thirty percent of the cultivated land area.
词汇补充
county / ka nti/ n. a territorial division within a country, typically a region of some local government. 县；郡。
如例句: She lives in a small county in the north of England.她住在英格兰北部的一个小县。
mulberry / m lb ri/ n. a type of tree that produces edible fruit, or the fruit itself. 桑树；桑椹。
如例句: The mulberry tree in the garden is full of ripe berries.花园里的桑树上结满了成熟的桑椹。
embankment / m b km nt/ n. a wall or bank of earth or stone built to prevent a river flooding an area or to carry a road or railway over low ground. 堤岸；路堤。
如例句: The river overflowed, flooding the embankment.河水泛滥，淹没了堤岸。
cultivated / k lt ve t d/ adj. refined and well-educated; prepared and used for raising crops. 有教养的；耕作的。
如例句: The cultivated land produced a bountiful harvest.耕作的土地带来了丰收。
考试中常用短语搭配有:cultivated taste 高雅的品味
如例句：She has a cultivated taste in art.她在艺术方面有高雅的品味。
考试中常见的同根词有:cultivate / k lt ve t/ v. 培养；耕作cultivation / k lt ve n/ n. 培养；耕作
成分分析
By 1581 in the Longshan area of Shunde county, for example, eighteen percent of the productive land was fishponds and, combined with the mulberry trees on the embankments, accounted for about thirty percent of the cultivated land area.
这句话的主句核心是：eighteen percent of the productive land was fishponds and accounted for about thirty percent of the cultivated land area.主语：eighteen percent of the productive land （百分之十八的生产性土地）系动词：was表语：fishponds （鱼塘）连词：and （连接两个谓语部分）并列谓语：accounted for （动词短语，指“占据了”）宾语：about thirty percent of the cultivated land area （约百分之三十的耕地面积）
其他部分：By 1581: 时间状语，表明事情发生的时间。in the Longshan area of Shunde county: 地点状语，说明事件发生的具体地点。for example: 插入语，用于举例说明，补充背景信息。combined with the mulberry trees on the embankments: 分词短语（动词短语），在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，解释了鱼塘是如何与桑树相结合的。这个短语补充说明了鱼塘和桑树是共同占据了耕地的一部分面积。
这个句子的核心在于描述了1581年顺德县龙山地区生产性土地的使用情况。具体来说，百分之十八的生产性土地被用作鱼塘，而鱼塘与堤岸上的桑树结合后，占据了约百分之三十的耕地面积。这说明当地在土地利用方面，结合了农业和渔业以提高土地的生产效率。
参考译文
By 1581 in the Longshan area of Shunde county, for example, eighteen percent of the productive land was fishponds and, combined with the mulberry trees on the embankments, accounted for about thirty percent of the cultivated land area.
译文：例如，到1581年，顺德龙山地区有18%的耕地是鱼塘，加上河堤上的桑树，约占耕地面积的30%。

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