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第16练　定语从句(1)＋主要国家地理概况
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The man is walking on the playground with a graceful lady is my old friend.
2．This was returned because the person to this letter was addressed had died three years ago.
3．The professor is going to talk about the countries and people he has visited.
4．To help improve students’ reading and writing skills，we will organize an English composition contest， theme is “Colorful Campus Life”．
5．In my opinion，the way he recommended to us makes sense and will be helpful to us.
6．You should apologize to your father for the way you spoke to him.
7． is shown in the pie chart,30% students tend to read books after class.
8．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.
9．The prize will go to the writer story shows the most brilliant imagination.
10．He is the only one of the students is able to answer the question.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
1． is known to us all，deep below the ocean’s surface is a mysterious world 2. takes up 95% of Earth’s living space.Some people know the reason 3. the deep sea remains largely unexplored，while others don’t.Dive down 650 feet，you will notice that light starts fading rapidly.The deeper you dive，the lower the temperature becomes.At 13,000 feet，the temperature stays around freezing point，and there’s no sunlight at all.Yet there is life—an astonishing variety of creatures 4. you’ll never imagine.You can’t dive to the deep ocean on your own，of course.But scientists now have lots of advanced and complicated technologies 5. can be used to explore this vast frontier.
Thousands of fascinating animals live in this challenging environment 6. life seems not easy.Many of them look quite strange，some have huge eyes while other animals seem to be all mouth 7. gaping jaws are often filled with sharp teeth.
The Census of Marine Life is an international project,8. records the diversity，distribution，and abundance of life in the ocean.The researchers 9. (discover) more than 5,000 new species so far.The data and information 10. are collected by the Census—30 million records and 2,600 papers contributed to the scientific literature—will serve as a baseline in the coming years.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
We drove to the Needles district of Canyonlands National Park—a very remote，dry，mountainous place in Utah.I went there when I was about 10 years old，but I can only recall certain things：how cold it got that night as we slept in the tent，the small insects that covered the mountain beside us，and having to use the bathroom in an outhouse.
Huge rocks are hanging dangerously on the jagged mountainside，and you know they have to fall eventually.We stopped at Newspaper Rock，a National Historic Site where prehistoric people sketched drawings onto sandstone from B．C.time to A．D.1300.With only a short fence surrounding it，it seems unavoidable that modernday people would feel the urge to carve their names into this precious historic landmark.
The sky is the bluest I think I’ve ever seen；it’s a beautiful backdrop to the orangeyred cliffs lining the horizon.And the silence—I’ve never experienced a quieter place.When I first got out of the truck at our campsite，I stood still and held my breath，and all I could hear was the ringing in my ears.
In my opinion，only at night can you witness the true beauty of the Canyonlands：the stars.Since the Needles district is an extremely dry place about 80 miles away from any major city’s lights，it offers the clearest view I’ve ever seen of the night sky.It is incredible how many stars you can see out there.I climbed on top of a nearby rock formation and lay on my back just soaking(沉浸) it all in.It was like looking through a window straight into the universe.
I wanted to sleep outside beneath the stars，but then the temperature dropped to 40 °F and I discovered massive ants crawling on the ground，so I quit that.The next morning，I discovered a nearby camper passed out on the rock formation in a sleeping bag.How he managed to brave the temperatures and the ants，I have no idea.
1．What was the Needles district like to the author as a kid
A．Fantastic. B．Dangerous.
C．Dull. D．Inconvenient.
2．What do we know about Newspaper Rock
A．It’s a piece of modern artwork.
B．It’s not adequately protected.
C．It’s a record of historic events.
D．It’s been in existence for 1,300 years.
3．Why did the author stand still upon arriving at their campsite
A．Because he was too tired to move.
B．Because he lost his hearing temporarily.
C．Because he was out of breath.
D．Because he wanted to feel nature closely.
4．Which may impress the author most about the Canyonlands
A．Its night sky.
B．Its mountainous scenery.
C．Its historic sites.
D．Its camping ground.
B
Crossing Phoenix，Arizona，are 180 miles of canals.In 1867，the city’s founding father，Jack Swilling saw the remains of irrigation(灌溉) channels wandering across the landscape.He realized that，centuries before，some society had farmed this desert.Soon after，Swilling began clearing the blocked canals to bring agriculture back to the region.
Three years later，Swilling and other pioneers met to consider names for their settlement.The top two were Pumpkinville and Stonewall.Luckily，English adventurer Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection(复兴) of the canals.“A great race once lived here and another great race will live here in the future，” he considered.“I predict that a new city will spring，phoenixlike，from the ruins and ashes of the old.”
Gary Huckleberry，a researcher，said，“In the southwest，we have some serious issues to deal with in terms of water.The Colorado River is the main source of water for the southwest and it’s over distributed.We’ve got population growth and climate change.How are we going to deal with that I think there’s something to be learned by looking at past societies who managed water for thousands of years.”
That great society was the Hohokam.Between 100 and 1450 AD，they constructed 1,000 miles of canals.As the Hohokam expanded their network，they constantly repaired，cleaned and diverted the canals.“It requires cooperation，because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it，but also to maintain it，” Henderson，a scientist，said.“Users would have to agree to certain conditions to keep the entire system going.” The Hohokam committed to sharing water and put themselves on timetables.
The Hohokam used canal irrigation for 3,000 years.“That，to me，is the definition of sustainable development，” Huckleberry said.“They learned how to sustainably farm，to manage water，to not destroy their soils in a way that is worthy and might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble.I think one of the key lessons is that you don’t put all your eggs in one basket.”
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The reconstruction of canals.
B．The origin of the city’s name Phoenix.
C．The discovery of the irrigation channels.
D．The agricultural development in the settlement.
6．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The source of water.
B．The climate change.
C．The population growth.
D．The overdistribution of water.
7．What does Henderson say about the Hohokam
A．They were expert in farming.
B．They were poor at time management.
C．They had a strong sense of team spirit.
D．They fought for their rights to use water.
8．Which of the following would Huckleberry agree with
A．Canal irrigation is out of date.
B．Sustainable development matters.
C．Farming can solve current trouble.
D．The loss of soils is worse than before.
Ⅳ.完形填空
For centuries，Beijing has been one of China’s most important cities.Originally a place for emperors and officials，today it is an international city and a popular tourist 1 .People from all over the country are moving to Beijing to 2 jobs and opportunities as this exciting city is a place where dreams can come true.Throughout the city， 3 dressed business people 4 for their offices，mobile phones held to their ears and visitors can only watch and imagine the deals and 5 being made at that very second.
Beijing’s streets provide a fascinating 6 of the past and the present.In tea houses，groups of old men play chess 7 the McDonald’s next door is filled with laughing teenagers sipping milkshakes.Walking through the broad streets 8 with designer stores and multistorey skyscrapers，you can take a turn and suddenly find yourself in a century’s old lane where a fruit seller chats happily to an old woman sitting in the sun.Many of the road signs and advertising billboards are now in English，making Beijing more 9 to foreigners.Public transport is efficient，new businesses are 10 ，and every modern convenience and international brand is 11 in this booming global city.
Beijing has some of China’s most stunning sights.Visitors often come to Beijing with the single 12 to see the Great Wall，one of the ancient wonders of the world，but once they’ve arrived，they realize that this is only one of the city’s 13 .In fact，what visitors ever seem to only 14 about Beijing，is that they simply 15 time before seeing it all.
1．A.place B．destination
C．scenery D．feast
2．A.search for B．look into
C．race with D．struggle against
3．A.casually B．seriously
C．smartly D．traditionally
4．A.call B．work
C．advertise D．head
5．A.benefits B．fortunes
C．calls D．appointments
6．A.development B．description
C．introduction D．mix
7．A.while B．when
C．as D．although
8．A.filled B．accompanied
C．lined D．equipped
9．A.attractive B．impressive
C．unforgettable D．accessible
10．A.changing B．growing
C．trading D．declining
11．A.affordable B．beneficial
C．available D．significant
12．A.advantage B．desire
C．benefit D．routine
13．A.attractions B．descriptions
C．possessions D．marks
14．A.enjoy B．travel
C．complain D．praise
15．A.take up B．get rid of
C．make use of D．run out of
参考答案及解析
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The man who/that is walking on the playground with a graceful lady is my old friend.
2．This was returned because the person to whom this letter was addressed had died three years ago.
3．The professor is going to talk about the countries and people that he has visited.
4．To help improve students’ reading and writing skills，we will organize an English composition contest，whose theme is “Colorful Campus Life”．
5．In my opinion，the way that/which he recommended to us makes sense and will be helpful to us.
6．You should apologize to your father for the way that you spoke to him.
7．As is shown in the pie chart,30% students tend to read books after class.
8．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week，which my classmates recommended to me.
9．The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most brilliant imagination.
10．He is the only one of the students who is able to answer the question.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
1．答案　As
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，在定语从句中作主语。“as is known to us all”意为“众所周知”。位于句首，首字母大写故填 As。
2．答案　that/which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词a mysterious world。故填that/which。
3．答案　why
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语，修饰表示原因的先行词reason，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。
4．答案　that/which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，修饰表示物的先行词an astonishing variety of creatures。故填that/which。
5．答案　that/which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词lots of advanced and complicated technologies。故填that/which。
6．答案　where
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语，修饰表示地点的先行词this challenging environment，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
7．答案　whose
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语。故填whose。
8．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词project，故填which。
9．答案　have discovered
解析　考查时态及主谓一致。根据时间状语so far可知，应用现在完成时，主语为复数，故填have discovered。
10．答案　that/which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词The data and information。故填 that/which。
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
1．What was the Needles district like to the author as a kid
A．Fantastic. B．Dangerous.
C．Dull. D．Inconvenient.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者小时候来这里时，天气很冷，附近山上满是小虫子，只有户外洗手间，结合选项可推知，对小时候的作者来说，这个地方很不方便。故选D项。
2．What do we know about Newspaper Rock
A．It’s a piece of modern artwork.
B．It’s not adequately protected.
C．It’s a record of historic events.
D．It’s been in existence for 1,300 years.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这个地方作为历史地标仍无法避免被人们乱刻乱画。由此推知，Newspaper Rock并没有得到足够的保护。故选B项。
3．Why did the author stand still upon arriving at their campsite
A．Because he was too tired to move.
B．Because he lost his hearing temporarily.
C．Because he was out of breath.
D．Because he wanted to feel nature closely.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，作者在到达这个地方时，深切感受到了自然的美，可推测他到达营地后下车驻足是为了近距离感受这种美。故选D项。
4．Which may impress the author most about the Canyonlands
A．Its night sky.
B．Its mountainous scenery.
C．Its historic sites.
D．Its camping ground.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，作者觉得有星星的夜晚是峡谷地国家公园最美的时候。由此推知，夜晚的星空最让他印象深刻。故选A项。
B
5．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The reconstruction of canals.
B．The origin of the city’s name Phoenix.
C．The discovery of the irrigation channels.
D．The agricultural development in the settlement.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中“Three years later，...Darrell Duppa proposed a name inspired by the resurrection(复兴) of the canals.”可知，第二段主要介绍了凤凰城起名的经过，拓荒者开会讨论了起名方案，英国冒险家Darrell Duppa以运河的复兴为灵感提出了凤凰城(Phoenix)这个名字。故选B。
6．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The source of water.
B．The climate change.
C．The population growth.
D．The overdistribution of water.
答案　D
解析　代词指代题。根据第三段中“In the southwest，...How are we going to deal with that？”可知，因为人口增长和气候变化，水资源的问题愈发突出，需要解决科罗拉多河的水过于分散带来的问题。that指代的是上文的“it’s over distributed”，即水的分布过散。故选D。
7．What does Henderson say about the Hohokam
A．They were expert in farming.
B．They were poor at time management.
C．They had a strong sense of team spirit.
D．They fought for their rights to use water.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Henderson的话“It requires cooperation，because all the users of the water from that canal have to agree not only to construct it，but also to maintain it”可知，霍霍坎人共同合作建造并维护运河，因此他们富有团队精神。故选C。
8．Which of the following would Huckleberry agree with
A．Canal irrigation is out of date.
B．Sustainable development matters.
C．Farming can solve current trouble.
D．The loss of soils is worse than before.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Huckleberry的话“They learned how to sustainably farm...might give us insight into how we might deal with the current trouble.”可知，他认为霍霍坎人使用运河的方式体现了可持续发展的理念，这种方式是有价值的，可以帮助我们应对当今的问题，可推知他会赞同“可持续发展很重要”。故选B。
Ⅳ.完形填空
1．A.place B．destination
C．scenery D．feast
答案　B
解析　根据下文的“visitors can only watch...at that very second”可知，此处指北京是很受欢迎的旅游“目的地”，故选B。
2．A.search for B．look into
C．race with D．struggle against
答案　A
解析　search for寻找；look into调查；race with与……赛跑；struggle against与……抗争。根据下文的“jobs and opportunities”及常识可知，人们去北京是为了“寻找”工作和机遇，故选A。
3．A.casually B．seriously
C．smartly D．traditionally
答案　C
解析　根据下文的“business people”及常识可知，此处指衣着“光鲜”的商业人士，故选C。
4．A.call B．work
C．advertise D．head
答案　D
解析　根据下文的“for their offices”可知，此处指人们“前往”办公楼。head for前往。故选D。
5．A.benefits B．fortunes
C．calls D．appointments
答案　B
解析　根据上文的“business people”和“the deals”可知，此处用“财富”符合语境，故选B。
6．A.development B．description
C．introduction D．mix
答案　D
解析　根据下文的“the past and the present”可知，此处指北京的街道是过去和现在的“融合”，故选D。
7．A.while B．when
C．as D．although
答案　A
解析　根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，用“而，然而”符合语境，故选A。
8．A.filled B．accompanied
C．lined D．equipped
答案　C
解析　此处考查固定短语be lined with“与……相并列”，故选C。
9．A.attractive B．impressive
C．unforgettable D．accessible
答案　D
解析　根据句意可知，此处是指用英语制作广告牌的目的是让外国人更容易了解北京，故选D。
10．A.changing B．growing
C．trading D．declining
答案　B
解析　结合上下文可知，本文主要讲述北京的迅速发展，再根据上文的new businesses可知此处用“增长”符合语境，故选B。
11．A.affordable B．beneficial
C．available D．significant
答案　C
解析　结合上下文可知，此处是指因为北京的迅速发展，很多便利设施和国际品牌都可以在北京找到，故选C。
12．A.advantage B．desire
C．benefit D．routine
答案　B
解析　结合常识可知，很多游客到北京都想看长城，故此处用“渴望”符合语境，故选B。
13．A.attractions B．descriptions
C．possessions D．marks
答案　A
解析　结合常识可知，长城只是北京众多“景点”中的一个，此处呼应上文的“sights”。故选A。
14．A.enjoy B．travel
C．complain D．praise
答案　C
解析　根据下文的“is that they simply time before seeing it all”可知，此处指游客会“抱怨”的事情，故选C。
15．A.take up B．get rid of
C．make use of D．run out of
答案　D
解析　结合上下文可知，游客们没有更多的时间参观北京的其他景点，因为他们的时间已经用完了，故选D。

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