资源简介

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
阅读下列句子并分析用法
1．In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful，teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.
2．One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
3．Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest
4．Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
1．句1、4中关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。
2．句2中关系副词why引导定语从句，在从句中作原因状语。
3．句3中关系副词when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。
由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
一、关系副词的指代及功能
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。
1．关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I hated going to school.
曾有一段时间我讨厌上学。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I left for college.
我永远不会忘记我动身去上大学的那天。
2．关系副词where
where引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the girl works is not far from here.
这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[疑难点津]　有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺地点状语，需用where引导。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。
Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
他们的孩子正处于能说单个字而不会说整个句子的阶段。
3．关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
二、关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作直接宾语)
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．Do you still remember the day when I first saw you
2．This is the reason why I passed out that day.
3．I’ll never forget the day when I was attacked by a shark.
4．The picture called up the days that/which we spent together.
5．You will get into a position where you have to decide immediately.
6．I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.
7．Can you tell me the reason why you were absent from the lecture yesterday
8．After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small village where he grew up.
Ⅱ.用定语从句完成句子
1．The reason why he was late for work was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
他上班迟到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
2．This is the house where a famous artist lived years ago.
这是一位著名艺术家多年前住过的房子。
3．There was a time when they were looked down on/upon.
曾经有一段时间，他们被瞧不起。
4．The garden where roses are planted is owned by my uncle.
那个种着玫瑰花的花园为我叔叔所有。
训练3　Grammar and usage
[分值：80.5分]
Ⅰ.用定语从句合并句子(共4小题；每小题3分，共12分)
1．I didn’t perform well at school last week.The reason was my poor-quality sleep.
The reason why I didn’t perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.
2．I miss those days.I used to sleep really well in those days.
I miss those days when I used to sleep really well.
3．The hospital is near my home.I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital.
The hospital where I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.
4．I still remember that afternoon.That afternoon I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
I still remember that afternoon when I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，根据括号内的汉语提示完成语篇(共7小题；每小题3分，共21分)
Look! The beautiful lady 1.whose name is Mary(她的名字叫玛丽) teaches us English.She is the only one of the three teachers 2.who won(获得) the School Teacher of the Year Award.The boy beside her is our monitor 3.whose father(他的父亲) designed the teaching building 4.where/in which we are studying now(我们现在正在教学楼里学习)．Mary once told us the reason 5.why/for which we should learn English well(为什么我们要学好英语)．I’ll never forget 6.the days when/during which she taught us(她教我们的那些日子)．I think our dear teacher Mary，the beautiful school 7.where/from which I will graduate(我将从这里毕业) and all the other beautiful things will stay in my mind forever!
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Children at boarding school get the best night’s sleep because of strict lights out time，according to a recent study，which was presented at Sleep Down Under，the 33rd yearly scientific meeting of the Australasian Sleep Association.Professor Kurt Lushington，a psychologist who led the study，said，“It is a naturalistic experiment showing the key to good sleep in teenagers is quite simple：a good timetable and no mobile devices(设备) at night.”
Over the past 20 years，the time children spend sleeping has fallen and only half regularly get more than seven hours.The recommended amount is eight to ten.The biggest problems are smartphones and tablets(平板电脑) whose blue light wakes the brain，making it harder to drop off.
An Australian team compared sleep patterns(方式) of 15- to 18-year-olds at a school in Adelaide.The 59 boarders had to leave their phones in a kitchen area or on their desk before bed and turn their lights out by a set time.They slept for an average of 8 hours 26 minutes a night compared with 7 hours 46 minutes for day pupils.
Lack(缺少) of sleep affects mental health and school performance(表现) and causes behavioural problems.It has also been connected with the child obesity epidemic and other diseases.This year an American study found that teenager who didn’t get enough sleep took in extra sugar during a school year.They ate sweets，cakes，chocolate and biscuits and drank fizzy drinks to promote their energy levels.
Lushington recommends that parents reach agreement on not using a phone.This is most likely to work if they do likewise and offer other enjoyments，such as books.“I think if you put these rules in place，kids will go along with them，” he told New Scientist.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了寄宿学校的规则——规律的作息时间和远离移动设备——让孩子们有良好的睡眠。
1．What is the secret to teenagers’ good sleep according to paragraph 1
A．Strict lights out time.
B．More physical exercise at school.
C．Good bedtime plan and more playtime.
D．Regular schedule and no mobile devices.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is...the key to good sleep in teenagers is quite simple：a good timetable and no mobile devices(设备) at night.”可知，青少年拥有好的睡眠的秘诀是有规律的作息时间和没有移动设备。故选D项。
2．What does the underlined phrase “drop off” mean in paragraph 2
A．Fall asleep. B．Fall behind.
C．Give up. D．Calm down.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词组前文“The biggest problems are smartphones and tablets(平板电脑) whose blue light wakes the brain”可知，数码设备发出的蓝光使大脑更难入睡。因此fall asleep与画线词组意思相近。故选A项。
3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．Bad effects of lack of sleep.
B．Bad examples of school performance.
C．The relationship between diseases and sleep.
D．Behavioural problems caused by bad eating habits.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。根据第四段前三句可知，本段主要讲述了睡眠不足的不良影响。故选A项。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Say No to Mobile Devices
B．Choose Proper Sleep Patterns
C．The More You Sleep，the Healthier You’ll Get
D．For a Goodnight’s Sleep，Try Boarding School Rules
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。综合全文内容，尤其根据第一段中“Children at boarding school get the best night’s sleep because of strict lights out time”及“the key to good sleep in teenagers is quite simple：a good timetable and no mobile devices(设备) at night”可知，本文介绍了寄宿学校的规则——规律的作息时间和远离移动设备——让孩子们有良好的睡眠。故D选项“想睡个好觉，试试寄宿学校的规定吧”是本文最佳标题。故选D项。
B
There’s nothing like a good night’s sleep—but what does that really mean？It turns out that the answer depends not only on your age，but also on your lifestyle.Some people are productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep，while others need more.Still，experts can determine guidelines that work for most people.The National Sleep Foundation researched the topic and gave new recommendations this week.The foundation acknowledges that sleep needs will vary—lifestyle and stress should be taken into consideration—but their recommendations offer a general guideline.For example，teenagers(14－17 years old) need 8－10 hours’ sleep every day.
To create the recommendations，some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade.This is the first time that any professional organization has developed age-specific recommended sleep durations(时长) based on a systematic review of the world scientific literature.
A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain，because that causes an increase in appetite，according to the foundation.It can also have serious consequences(结果) on the brain.People who do not get enough sleep are at increased risk for depression(抑郁症)，and can endanger others.Those that become sleepy while driving，for example，risk both their lives and the lives of those around them.
Researchers also have found in the past that too much sleep can have negative effects.Low socioeconomic status and depression reportedly are significantly associated with longer sleep.However，experts nowadays find that research on oversleeping is still doubtful and needs more attention.Currently，there is no strong evidence that sleeping too much has health consequences.There is，however，laboratory evidence that short sleep durations of four to five hours have negative consequences.We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological(生理的) changes that could lead to disease before we make any recommendations against sleep extension.
5．How did the National Sleep Foundation do the research
A．By interviewing different people.
B．By reading lots of articles.
C．By consulting(咨询) other experts.
D．By doing systematic experiments.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“To create the recommendations，some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade.”可知，国家睡眠基金会是通过阅读大量的文章做这项研究的。故选B。
6．What will people who are without enough sleep do according to research
A．They will lose some weight.
B．They will eat more food.
C．They will dream during their sleep.
D．They will drive faster than usual.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段首句“A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain，because that causes an increase in appetite，according to the foundation.”可知，研究表明，睡眠不足的人会多吃东西。故选B。
7．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A．Too much sleep may result in social changes.
B．Researchers now agree with those in the past.
C．More research on oversleeping is needed.
D．Research on oversleeping is quite persuasive(有说服力的)．
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段末句“We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological(生理的) changes that could lead to disease...”可知，我们需要对睡眠过多进行更多的研究。故选C。
8．From which section of a newspaper is the passage most probably taken
A．Health. B．Psychology.
C．Sport. D．Education.
答案　A
解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要告诉我们睡眠与健康的关系，由此推断该文章应是源于报纸的健康栏目。故选A。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2024·安徽阜阳高一期中)
A simple and common way to water plants is to hold a garden pipe and let the water fall down directly on the plants and soil.This is a good choice that doesn’t waste water.It also can help prevent plant disease.But a garden pipe isn’t the only way to water your plants.
The When and How of Watering
1 This lets the water go deeply into the soil before the weather gets too hot.If you water late in the day，the water will just evaporate(蒸发) from the surface.If you water in the evening，the plants stay too wet overnight.
How you water is just as important as when you water.If you water quickly every day，it doesn’t help the roots，which can spread over 30 centimeters into the soil.Water the soil less often，but deeply.Be careful when watering very dry soil because the water will just run off without getting into the soil. 2
Collect and Reuse Water
One way to help keep costs low for watering is to use used water.Instead of emptying water out after boiling foods，keep it and reuse it to water plants. 3 You can also catch and use rainwater.
Choose Native Plants
Most gardeners just think about which plants look good and the plants’ sunlight needs. 4 Drought-resistant plants shouldn’t be overwatered when trying to keep thirstier plants watered.
It’s also best to use plants that are native to the area where you live.These plants are likely to be resistant to drought. 5 After that，they can live on just rainwater except for during times of extreme heat.
A．Put more pipes around the plants.
B．But watering needs should be considered，too.
C．They just need watering for the first two years.
D．Just make sure the water does not have salt in it.
E．The best time to water your plants is in the morning.
F．Growing plants in containers usually needs much water.
G．Water your plants slowly and make sure the water is taken in by earth.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些给植物浇水的注意事项。
1．答案　E
解析　根据后文“This lets the water go deeply into the soil before the weather gets too hot...”可知，本空是在说明给植物浇水的最佳时间是早上，故E选项符合语境，故选E。
2．答案　G
解析　根据上文“Be careful when watering very dry soil...without getting into the soil.”可知，给过干的土壤浇水时要小心，防止水流直接溢出，故G选项“慢慢地给植物浇水，确保水被土壤吸收”符合语境，故选G。
3．答案　D
解析　上文建议把煮过食物的水保留下来给植物浇水，故本句应说明这么做的注意事项：确保水里没有盐，D选项符合语境，故选D。
4．答案　B
解析　根据上文“Most gardeners just think about which plants look good and the plants’ sunlight needs.”以及后文“Drought-resistant plants should not be overwatered...”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出要考虑浇水的需要，B选项符合语境，故选B。
5．答案　C
解析　上文提到本土植物抗旱，下文则说之后它们可以仅靠雨水生存，所以C选项“它们只需要在头两年浇水”符合语境，故选C。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2024·深圳盐田高级中学高一上期中)
Last week,100 restaurants across Shanghai supported the use of serving utensils(器具)，as it is a key point for the control and 1. (prevent) of some diseases.
Chinese people often eat together and share their dishes 2. others.The new system suggests 3. (add) separate chopsticks and spoons for serving when people dine together.Such a change of etiquette(礼仪) allows diners 4. (avoid) using their own chopsticks to pick food from the plates and therefore 5. (great) reduces the chances of spread of many diseases.
Many restaurants 6. (adopt) the policy after the Municipal Office for Civilized Society published the suggestion,7. also encourages the public to use separate utensils for shared food at home.
According to Qu Qi，a person in charge of a restaurant in Xuhui district，a sign 8.__________ (put) up on the tables to inform people of the importance of using serving utensils since the start of business on February 21.The waiters and waitresses are also trained to supply a separate spoon or pair of chopsticks for the diners.So far,9. service has been well accepted by the majority of the public.
With time 10. (go) by，each diner on the table will have their own serving chopsticks and spoons so as to prevent sharing of any manner of viruses and bacteria.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了很多餐馆倡议在就餐时使用公筷公勺。公筷公勺最大的好处是能减少交叉污染、减少病从口入。
1．答案　prevention
解析　考查名词。空前的并列连词and连接的是两个由定冠词the修饰的名词，故此处用所给词的名词形式prevention“阻止”，是不可数名词。故填prevention。
2．答案　with
解析　考查介词。share sth with sb“和某人分享某物”，是固定短语。故填with。
3．答案　adding
解析　考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，为固定搭配，此处用动名词形式作宾语。故填adding。
4．答案　to avoid
解析　考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配，此处为动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to avoid。
5．答案　greatly
解析　考查副词。此处用所给词的副词形式作状语，修饰动词reduces。故填greatly。
6．答案　adopted
解析　考查动词时态。根据句中after引导的时间状语从句判断，时态是一般过去时，故填adopted。
7．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语且先行词为指物的suggestion，故填which。
8．答案　has been put
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since the start of business on February 21”可判断，句子用现在完成时；a sign与put之间为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态；主语a sign是名词单数，助动词用has。故填has been put。
9．答案　the
解析　考查冠词。此处特指“提供公共餐具的这种服务”，应用定冠词the。故填the。
10．答案　going
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，宾语time和动词go之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作补语，故填going。(共14张PPT)
Section Ⅲ
Grammar and usage
Looking good，feeling good
UNIT 4
阅读下列句子并分析用法
1.In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful，teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.
2.One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
3.Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest
4.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
语境感悟
1.句1、4中关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中作 。
2.句2中关系副词why引导定语从句，在从句中作 。
3.句3中关系副词when引导定语从句，在从句中作 。
地点状语
时间状语
原因状语
语法总览
语法精讲
由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
一、关系副词的指代及功能
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。
1.关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I hated going to school.
曾有一段时间我讨厌上学。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I left for college.
我永远不会忘记我动身去上大学的那天。
2.关系副词where
where引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the girl works is not far from here.
这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[疑难点津]　有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺地点状语，需用where引导。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。
Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
他们的孩子正处于能说单个字而不会说整个句子的阶段。
3.关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
二、关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作直接宾语)
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1.Do you still remember the day I first saw you
2.This is the reason I passed out that day.
3.I’ll never forget the day I was attacked by a shark.
4.The picture called up the days we spent together.
5.You will get into a position you have to decide immediately.
6.I have come around to explain the reason I was absent from the meeting.
when
达标检测
why
when
that/which
where
why
7.Can you tell me the reason you were absent from the lecture yesterday
8.After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small village
he grew up.
why
where
Ⅱ.用定语从句完成句子
1.The reason was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
他上班迟到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
2.This is the house .
这是一位著名艺术家多年前住过的房子。
3.There was a time .
曾经有一段时间，他们被瞧不起。
4.The garden is owned by my uncle.
那个种着玫瑰花的花园为我叔叔所有。
why he was late for work
where a famous artist lived years ago
when they were looked down on/upon
where roses are plantedSection Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
阅读下列句子并分析用法
1．In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful，teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly.
2．One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
3．Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest
4．Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down，and their health suffers.
1．句1、4中关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中作__________。
2．句2中关系副词why引导定语从句，在从句中作__________。
3．句3中关系副词when引导定语从句，在从句中作__________。
由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
一、关系副词的指代及功能
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有when，where，why等。
1．关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
There used to be a time when(＝during which) I hated going to school.
曾有一段时间我讨厌上学。
I’ll never forget the day when(＝on which) I left for college.
我永远不会忘记我动身去上大学的那天。
2．关系副词where
where引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。
They are playing in the park where(＝in which) there are many flowers.
他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。
The office where(＝at which) the girl works is not far from here.
这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。
[疑难点津]　有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺地点状语，需用where引导。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished.
在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。
Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
他们的孩子正处于能说单个字而不会说整个句子的阶段。
3．关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。
Can you explain the reason why(＝for which) you don’t help him
你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？
Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
二、关系代词和关系副词的判定
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
试比较：
Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night
你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm
你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)
I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作直接宾语)
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．Do you still remember the day __________ I first saw you
2．This is the reason __________ I passed out that day.
3．I’ll never forget the day __________ I was attacked by a shark.
4．The picture called up the days __________ we spent together.
5．You will get into a position __________ you have to decide immediately.
6．I have come around to explain the reason __________ I was absent from the meeting.
7．Can you tell me the reason __________ you were absent from the lecture yesterday
8．After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small village __________ he grew up.
Ⅱ.用定语从句完成句子
1．The reason __________________________________ was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
他上班迟到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。
2．This is the house __________________________________.
这是一位著名艺术家多年前住过的房子。
3．There was a time __________________________________.
曾经有一段时间，他们被瞧不起。
4．The garden __________________________________ is owned by my uncle.
那个种着玫瑰花的花园为我叔叔所有。
答案精析
语境感悟
1．地点状语　2.原因状语　3.时间状语
达标检测
Ⅰ.1.when　2.why　3.when　4.that/which　5.where
6．why　7.why　8.where
Ⅱ.1.why he was late for work　2.where a famous artist lived years ago　3.when they were looked down on/upon
4．where roses are planted训练3　Grammar and usage
[分值：80.5分]
Ⅰ.用定语从句合并句子(共4小题；每小题3分，共12分)
1．I didn’t perform well at school last week.The reason was my poor-quality sleep.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2．I miss those days.I used to sleep really well in those days.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3．The hospital is near my home.I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems in that hospital.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
4．I still remember that afternoon.That afternoon I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Ⅱ.阅读下面短文，根据括号内的汉语提示完成语篇(共7小题；每小题3分，共21分)
Look! The beautiful lady 1._________________________(她的名字叫玛丽) teaches us English.She is the only one of the three teachers 2._________________________(获得) the School Teacher of the Year Award.The boy beside her is our monitor 3._________________________(他的父亲) designed the teaching building 4._________________________(我们现在正在教学楼里学习)．Mary once told us the reason 5._________________________(为什么我们要学好英语)．I’ll never forget 6._________________________(她教我们的那些日子)．I think our dear teacher Mary，the beautiful school 7._________________________(我将从这里毕业) and all the other beautiful things will stay in my mind forever!
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Children at boarding school get the best night’s sleep because of strict lights out time，according to a recent study，which was presented at Sleep Down Under，the 33rd yearly scientific meeting of the Australasian Sleep Association.Professor Kurt Lushington，a psychologist who led the study，said，“It is a naturalistic experiment showing the key to good sleep in teenagers is quite simple：a good timetable and no mobile devices(设备) at night.”
Over the past 20 years，the time children spend sleeping has fallen and only half regularly get more than seven hours.The recommended amount is eight to ten.The biggest problems are smartphones and tablets(平板电脑) whose blue light wakes the brain，making it harder to drop off.
An Australian team compared sleep patterns(方式) of 15- to 18-year-olds at a school in Adelaide.The 59 boarders had to leave their phones in a kitchen area or on their desk before bed and turn their lights out by a set time.They slept for an average of 8 hours 26 minutes a night compared with 7 hours 46 minutes for day pupils.
Lack(缺少) of sleep affects mental health and school performance(表现) and causes behavioural problems.It has also been connected with the child obesity epidemic and other diseases.This year an American study found that teenager who didn’t get enough sleep took in extra sugar during a school year.They ate sweets，cakes，chocolate and biscuits and drank fizzy drinks to promote their energy levels.
Lushington recommends that parents reach agreement on not using a phone.This is most likely to work if they do likewise and offer other enjoyments，such as books.“I think if you put these rules in place，kids will go along with them，” he told New Scientist.
1．What is the secret to teenagers’ good sleep according to paragraph 1
A．Strict lights out time.
B．More physical exercise at school.
C．Good bedtime plan and more playtime.
D．Regular schedule and no mobile devices.
2．What does the underlined phrase “drop off” mean in paragraph 2
A．Fall asleep. B．Fall behind.
C．Give up. D．Calm down.
3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．Bad effects of lack of sleep.
B．Bad examples of school performance.
C．The relationship between diseases and sleep.
D．Behavioural problems caused by bad eating habits.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Say No to Mobile Devices
B．Choose Proper Sleep Patterns
C．The More You Sleep，the Healthier You’ll Get
D．For a Goodnight’s Sleep，Try Boarding School Rules
B
There’s nothing like a good night’s sleep—but what does that really mean？It turns out that the answer depends not only on your age，but also on your lifestyle.Some people are productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep，while others need more.Still，experts can determine guidelines that work for most people.The National Sleep Foundation researched the topic and gave new recommendations this week.The foundation acknowledges that sleep needs will vary—lifestyle and stress should be taken into consideration—but their recommendations offer a general guideline.For example，teenagers(14－17 years old) need 8－10 hours’ sleep every day.
To create the recommendations，some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade.This is the first time that any professional organization has developed age-specific recommended sleep durations(时长) based on a systematic review of the world scientific literature.
A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain，because that causes an increase in appetite，according to the foundation.It can also have serious consequences(结果) on the brain.People who do not get enough sleep are at increased risk for depression(抑郁症)，and can endanger others.Those that become sleepy while driving，for example，risk both their lives and the lives of those around them.
Researchers also have found in the past that too much sleep can have negative effects.Low socioeconomic status and depression reportedly are significantly associated with longer sleep.However，experts nowadays find that research on oversleeping is still doubtful and needs more attention.Currently，there is no strong evidence that sleeping too much has health consequences.There is，however，laboratory evidence that short sleep durations of four to five hours have negative consequences.We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological(生理的) changes that could lead to disease before we make any recommendations against sleep extension.
5．How did the National Sleep Foundation do the research
A．By interviewing different people.
B．By reading lots of articles.
C．By consulting(咨询) other experts.
D．By doing systematic experiments.
6．What will people who are without enough sleep do according to research
A．They will lose some weight.
B．They will eat more food.
C．They will dream during their sleep.
D．They will drive faster than usual.
7．What can we learn from paragraph 4
A．Too much sleep may result in social changes.
B．Researchers now agree with those in the past.
C．More research on oversleeping is needed.
D．Research on oversleeping is quite persuasive(有说服力的)．
8．From which section of a newspaper is the passage most probably taken
A．Health. B．Psychology.
C．Sport. D．Education.
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2024·安徽阜阳高一期中)
A simple and common way to water plants is to hold a garden pipe and let the water fall down directly on the plants and soil.This is a good choice that doesn’t waste water.It also can help prevent plant disease.But a garden pipe isn’t the only way to water your plants.
The When and How of Watering
1 This lets the water go deeply into the soil before the weather gets too hot.If you water late in the day，the water will just evaporate(蒸发) from the surface.If you water in the evening，the plants stay too wet overnight.
How you water is just as important as when you water.If you water quickly every day，it doesn’t help the roots，which can spread over 30 centimeters into the soil.Water the soil less often，but deeply.Be careful when watering very dry soil because the water will just run off without getting into the soil. 2
Collect and Reuse Water
One way to help keep costs low for watering is to use used water.Instead of emptying water out after boiling foods，keep it and reuse it to water plants. 3 You can also catch and use rainwater.
Choose Native Plants
Most gardeners just think about which plants look good and the plants’ sunlight needs. 4 Drought-resistant plants shouldn’t be overwatered when trying to keep thirstier plants watered.
It’s also best to use plants that are native to the area where you live.These plants are likely to be resistant to drought. 5 After that，they can live on just rainwater except for during times of extreme heat.
A．Put more pipes around the plants.
B．But watering needs should be considered，too.
C．They just need watering for the first two years.
D．Just make sure the water does not have salt in it.
E．The best time to water your plants is in the morning.
F．Growing plants in containers usually needs much water.
G．Water your plants slowly and make sure the water is taken in by earth.
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
(2024·深圳盐田高级中学高一上期中)
Last week,100 restaurants across Shanghai supported the use of serving utensils(器具)，as it is a key point for the control and 1. (prevent) of some diseases.
Chinese people often eat together and share their dishes 2. others.The new system suggests 3. (add) separate chopsticks and spoons for serving when people dine together.Such a change of etiquette(礼仪) allows diners 4. (avoid) using their own chopsticks to pick food from the plates and therefore 5. (great) reduces the chances of spread of many diseases.
Many restaurants 6. (adopt) the policy after the Municipal Office for Civilized Society published the suggestion,7. also encourages the public to use separate utensils for shared food at home.
According to Qu Qi，a person in charge of a restaurant in Xuhui district，a sign 8.__________ (put) up on the tables to inform people of the importance of using serving utensils since the start of business on February 21.The waiters and waitresses are also trained to supply a separate spoon or pair of chopsticks for the diners.So far,9. service has been well accepted by the majority of the public.
With time 10. (go) by，each diner on the table will have their own serving chopsticks and spoons so as to prevent sharing of any manner of viruses and bacteria.
答案精析
Ⅰ.1.The reason why I didn’t perform well at school last week was my poor quality sleep.
2．I miss those days when I used to sleep really well.
3．The hospital where I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.
4．I still remember that afternoon when I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
Ⅱ.1.whose name is Mary　2.who won　3.whose father
4．where/in which we are studying now　5.why/for which we should learn English well　6.the days when/during which she taught us　7.where/from which I will graduate
Ⅲ.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了寄宿学校的规则——规律的作息时间和远离移动设备——让孩子们有良好的睡眠。
1．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is...the key to good sleep in teenagers is quite simple：a good timetable and no mobile devices(设备) at night.”可知，青少年拥有好的睡眠的秘诀是有规律的作息时间和没有移动设备。故选D项。]
2．A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词组前文“The biggest problems are smartphones and tablets(平板电脑) whose blue light wakes the brain”可知，数码设备发出的蓝光使大脑更难入睡。因此fall asleep与画线词组意思相近。故选A项。]
3．A　[段落大意题。根据第四段前三句可知，本段主要讲述了睡眠不足的不良影响。故选A项。]
4．D　[标题归纳题。综合全文内容，尤其根据第一段中“Children at boarding school get the best night’s sleep because of strict lights out time”及“the key to good sleep in teenagers is quite simple：a good timetable and no mobile devices(设备) at night”可知，本文介绍了寄宿学校的规则——规律的作息时间和远离移动设备——让孩子们有良好的睡眠。故D选项“想睡个好觉，试试寄宿学校的规定吧”是本文最佳标题。故选D项。]
5．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段首句“To create the recommendations，some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade.”可知，国家睡眠基金会是通过阅读大量的文章做这项研究的。故选B。]
6．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段首句“A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain，because that causes an increase in appetite，according to the foundation.”可知，研究表明，睡眠不足的人会多吃东西。故选B。]
7．C　[推理判断题。根据第四段末句“We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep durations result in physiological(生理的) changes that could lead to disease...”可知，我们需要对睡眠过多进行更多的研究。故选C。]
8．A　[文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要告诉我们睡眠与健康的关系，由此推断该文章应是源于报纸的健康栏目。故选A。]
Ⅳ.
1．E　[根据后文“This lets the water go deeply into the soil before the weather gets too hot...”可知，本空是在说明给植物浇水的最佳时间是早上，故E选项符合语境，故选E。]
2．G　[根据上文“Be careful when watering very dry soil...without getting into the soil.”可知，给过干的土壤浇水时要小心，防止水流直接溢出，故G选项“慢慢地给植物浇水，确保水被土壤吸收”符合语境，故选G。]
3．D　[上文建议把煮过食物的水保留下来给植物浇水，故本句应说明这么做的注意事项：确保水里没有盐，D选项符合语境，故选D。]
4．B　[根据上文“Most gardeners just think about which plants look good and the plants’ sunlight needs.”以及后文“Drought resistant plants should not be overwatered...”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出要考虑浇水的需要，B选项符合语境，故选B。]
5．C　[上文提到本土植物抗旱，下文则说之后它们可以仅靠雨水生存，所以C选项“它们只需要在头两年浇水”符合语境，故选C。]
Ⅴ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了很多餐馆倡议在就餐时使用公筷公勺。公筷公勺最大的好处是能减少交叉污染、减少病从口入。
1．prevention　[考查名词。空前的并列连词and连接的是两个由定冠词the修饰的名词，故此处用所给词的名词形式prevention“阻止”，是不可数名词。故填prevention。]
2．with　[考查介词。share sth with sb“和某人分享某物”，是固定短语。故填with。]
3．adding　[考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，为固定搭配，此处用动名词形式作宾语。故填adding。]
4．to avoid　[考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，为固定搭配，此处为动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to avoid。]
5．greatly　[考查副词。此处用所给词的副词形式作状语，修饰动词reduces。故填greatly。]
6．adopted　[考查动词时态。根据句中after引导的时间状语从句判断，时态是一般过去时，故填adopted。]
7．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语且先行词为指物的suggestion，故填which。]
8．has been put　[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“since the start of business on February 21”可判断，句子用现在完成时；a sign与put之间为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态；主语a sign是名词单数，助动词用has。故填has been put。]
9．the　[考查冠词。此处特指“提供公共餐具的这种服务”，应用定冠词the。故填the。]
10．going　[考查非谓语动词。此处为with的复合结构，宾语time和动词go之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作补语，故填going。]

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