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新概念英语第一册 语法点总结
Lesson121-122
语法点总结： 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词定义：指的是代表引导词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格、宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。关系代词用来引导定语从句。
定语从句定义：定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
关系代词引导的 定语从句概念：
关系代词引导的 定语从句 是一种由关系代词引导的从句，这种从句在英语语法中起着重要的修饰和限定作用。关系代词在从句中不仅代表先行词，还在从句中充当一定的句子成分，如主语、宾语或定语等。
系代词有主格、宾格和属格（所有格）之分，并有指人与指物之分。that的用法最广，that 可指人也可指物。见表：
指人 指物
限定性 非限定性 限定性
主格 who/that which which/that
宾格 whom/that which which/that
属格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
详细梳理：
1. 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, 引导的定语从句
关系 代词 先行词 从句 成分 例句
that 人、物 主语 宾语 All are not friends that speak us fair. 说我们好话的不一定都是朋友。(作主语) That's the only step (that) we can take at the moment. 这是我们目前所能采取的唯一措施。(作宾语)
which 物 主语 宾语 He lives in the house which is opposite to ours. 他住在我们对面的房子里。(作主语) Pollution is a pressing problem (which) we must deal with. 污染是我们必须处理的一个迫切问题。(作宾语)
who 人 主语 宾语 One who makes light of himself is slighted by others. 自重才能受人敬。(谚)
whom 人 宾语 She is a friend of mine (whom) I have known since childhood. 她是我从小就认识的一位朋友。 There are some people at the meeting (whom) I didn't know before.会议上有一些我从前不认识的人。
whose 人、物 定语 He is a man whose word is as good as his bond. 他是一个讲信用的人。 Water is a compound whose composition is hydrogen and oxygen. 水是一种化合物,其构成成分是氢和氧。
2.关系代词的选择
（1）可以互换的关系代词
① that 既可指人又可指物,指人时可与 who, whom 互换,指物时可与 which 互换
Do you know the man who/ that has long hair 你认识那个留长发的男人吗
Don't expect people to do things that/which you would not do yourself.
己所不欲,勿施于人。（谚语）
Is that the man （whom/that） you gave your ticket to.那就是你送给票的那个人吗
② 在口语中,可以用 who 代替 whom 在定语从句中作宾语The man who/whom I saw is called Tom.我见到的那个人叫汤姆。
（2）只能使用关系代词 that 的几种情况:
先行词是 all, much, little, few, some,everything, anything, nothing, none,the one 等或被不定代词修饰时:
This is all that I have done. 这就是我所做的一切。(先行词是 all, all that = what)
I did nothing that might hurt you.我没做可能伤害你的事。
先行词被 the only, the last, the very 等修饰时:
This is the very book that I want. 这正是我想要的书。Drawing is the only thing that interests her.画画是她唯一感兴趣的事。
先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时:
500 dollars is the best deal that I can offer you.500美元就是我能给你最大的优惠。
先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时:
Don't trust the first sign that you see.不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。
先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时:
They talked about things and persons that they rememberedin the school.他们谈论了一些他们在学校时的人和事。(先行词是 things and persons)
小试牛刀（含解析）：
I don't know the hero______________ they are talking about， but I do know the city_______________________ he saved a lot of people.（ ）
A．who； where B．which； where C．who； which D．that； which
答案分析：我不知道他们讨论的是哪个英雄，但是我知道他拯救了很多人的城市。
【解答】结合语境，第一句，要表达的是"我不知道他们讨论的是哪个英雄"，先行词是 hero，英雄，所以关系词用 who.第二句，要表达的是"但是我知道他拯救了很多人的城市。 "，先行词是 city，结合语境， 可知要用关系副词 where. 故选：A
2. We are living in an age____we treasure very much because it sees man's
rapid development. （ ）
A．which B．When C．where D．what
答案分析：我们生活在一个我们非常珍惜的时代，因为它见证了人类的快速发展
【解答】考查定语从句，先行词为时间名词 age，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用 which 或 that 引导. 故选：A。
3. Nowadays some people tend to take pride in doing things___they should
feel ashamed.（ ）
A．by which B．of whichC．in which D．from which
答案分析：现在有些人倾向于以做他们应该感到羞耻的事情为荣。
【解答】根据题干，可知考查定语从句，先行词是 things，指物，关系代词用 which；be ashamed of 为……感到羞耻，固定搭配。 故选：B
4.We are now living in a great time， one __we are faced with numerous
possibilities as well as challenges.（ ）
A．why B．when C．where D．which
答案分析：我们现在生活在一个伟大的时代，这个时代下我们面对着各种各样的可能性以及 挑战．
【解答】考查定语从句，先行词是 time，one 在这里做 time 的同位语，代指 time，不可 数，定语从句中并不缺少主语或者宾语，缺少的是时间状语，所以应该使用关系副词 when；be faced with 面对，面临；numerous 各种各样的． 故选：B
5.He showed us a magazine ____an article about him was printed along with
his photograph. （ ）
A．when B．in whom C．in which D．which
答案分析：他给我们看了一本杂志，里面刊登了一篇关于他的文章还附有他的照片。 【解答】根据题干，可知考查定语从句。句意：他给我们看了一本杂志，里面刊登了一 篇关于他的文章还附有他的照片。先行词是 a magazine，空处在后面的从句中充当地点 状语故用 where 或者 in which. 故选：C
6.The famous writer is going to talk about the Europen countries and
people___he has visited in the past two months.（ ）
who B．whom C．that D．which
答案分析：这个著名的作家将谈论他在过去两个月中参观到的欧洲国家和拜访的人们。
【解答】考查的定语从句，先行词为 Europen countries and people，既有人又有物，关系 词必须用 that。 故选：C。
第二部分：填空题
Australia is a country．It has the most beaches．（改为含有定语从句的复合句）
Australia is a country___________________________ the most beaches．
答案解析：澳大利亚是一个国家．它有最多的海滩．澳大利亚是一个有最多海滩的国家．
【解答】根据题干可知 country 是先行词，表示物，且在主句中作表语，此时关系代词只 能用 that．其次从句是一般现在时，其结构是主语+动词原形，that 在从句中作主语，则 谓语应用 has． 故答案是：that has
2. It's a small country with water on three sides．（改为含有定语从句的复合句）
It's a small country__________________________water on three sides．
答案解析：它是一个小国家，三面都有水．这是一个三面都有水的小国家． 【解答】根据题干可知这是一个三面都有水的小国家，先行词是 country，表示物，则关 系代词应用 that/which， 在从句中作主语．其次该句是一般现在时，从句也是该时态， 其结构是主语+动词原形，country 是第三人称单数，则谓语应用 has． 故答案是：that/which has。
3.将题中的两个句子合并为含有 that ， which 或 who 引导的定语从句的复合句．
The magazine is mine． You read it this morning．
答案解析:The magazine which/that you read this morning is mine．今天早上你读杂志是我的．
【解答】根据题干，可知要求变成定语从句，主句是 The magazine is mine，先行词是 magazine，指物，故关系代词用 which/that，作宾语．连接从句 You read it this morning． 故答案为 The magazine which/that you read this morning is mine．
专项练习： 用适当的关系词填空
1. I still remember the night_______________________ I first came to the house.
2. I'll never forget the day______________ we met each other last week.
3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October,_______________________ is the best season there.
4. I will never forget the days_______________________ I spent with your family.
5. I'll never forget the last day______________ we spent together.
6. This is the school_______________________I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______________ we visited last week
8. Do you still remember the place______________ we visited the painting exhibition
9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake
10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou,_______________________lies the West Lake
11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______________live his two brothers.
12. I live in Beijing,________________is the capital of China.
13. There was a time________________there were slaves in the USA.
14. It is the third time________________you have made the same mistake.
15. It was in the street______________I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago ______________the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
17. The moment______________I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.
18. This is the very novel about________________we've talked so much.
19. This is the way________________he did it.
20. Who is the student______________was late for school today
21. Who______________knows him wants to make friends with him
22. What else was there in my brother________________you didn't like
23. He lives in the room________________window faces to the south.
24. He lives in the room, the window________________faces to the south.
25. This is Mr. John for________________son I brought a book yesterday.
26. This is Mr. John for________________I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.
28. And there is one point_______________________I'd like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year______________the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place________________you may spend your weekend.
答案：
1. when 2.when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that 6.where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10.where 11. where 12. which 13. when 14.that 15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18.which 19. (that/in which) 20.that 21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25.whose 26. whom

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