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Unit 1 语法 动词不定式
考点一：动词不定式基础
1.1.动词不定式的形式:基本形式为“to+动词原形”，否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。
例 It's important not to be late for class.上课不迟到是非常重要的。
1.2.动词不定式的功能
（1)动词不定式作状语。作状语时，一般在句中作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。
例We need more money to improve transport in London.我们需要更多的钱来改善伦敦的交通状况。
（2)动词不定式作主语。常用it作形式主语，真正作主语的不定式后置。常用句型为“It is+adj.+(of/for sb.) to do sth.”。
例It's not easy to find your way around the town.在这个小镇上要找到路很不容易。
（3)动词不定式作宾语。常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
would like/want to 想要 agree to同意 afford to 负担得起
hope/wish to 希望 decide to决定 promise to 承诺
continue to 继续 expect to 期望 refuse to 拒绝
（4)动词不定式作宾语补足语。常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事 warn sb.to do sth.警告某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事
（5)动词不定式作定语。作定语时常放在修饰词后，作后置定语。
例I can't think of any good advice to give her.我想不出任何好的建议给她。
（6)动词不定式作表语。常放于be动词后。
例My job is to look after the baby.我的工作是照顾这个婴儿。
1.3.“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构
动词不定式可以与疑问代词who,whom,what,which,whose 及疑问副词when,where,how等连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
I didn't know how to get back to the village.我不知道怎样回到村子。
1.4.常见省略to的动词不定式结构
had better do sth.最好做某事 would rather do sth.宁愿做某事
cannot but do sth.只好做某事 Why(not)do sth. 为什么（不）做某事？
考点二：动词不定式的功能进阶版（中考难度）
1.不定式结构作主语
To see is to believe.
It is better to see something once than to hear about it a hundred times.
百闻不如一见。
a.在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：
It’s a great pleasure to be here.
It is not an easy thing to master a language.
★区分用法★
1)直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。
2)如主语和表语都是to do，则只能采用第一种形式。
对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
3)如是疑问句或感叹句，则只能采用第二种形式。
如：What is it like to be there
What a joy it was to read Barak’s book!
b.用It is+形容词作表语时，由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。
for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，
如：difficult, interesting, easy, impossible等。.
of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，
如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish等。
★小试身手★
To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love.
喜欢跳舞是谈情说爱的一个步骤。
对他来说，学两门外语是很困难的。
It’s very difficult for him to learn two languages.
你能这么说很有礼貌。
It’s very polite of you to say so.
2.不定式结构作表语
主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
那样做无疑是削足适履。
3.不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)
4.不定式结构作定语
用法 例句
及物动词to do出现在名词后面。 动宾关系 He always has a lot of meetings to attend. Have you got anything to say at the meeting
主谓关系 She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
不及物动词to do出现在名词后面且带上相应的介词。 Let’s first find a room to live in. / to put the things in. We have nothing to worry about.
Attention 但前面被修饰的名词是place/time/way时可省略不及物动词的介词。 I think the best way to travel is by air. We have no place to live.
★小试身手★
了解一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间.
The best way to know a person is to live with him/her for some time.
你有什么可以吃的东西吗
Do you have anything to eat
许多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.
Many old people cannot find a place to spend the rest of their life.
5.不定式结构作状语
基本用法：不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
a.表示目的
They ran over to welcome the delegates.
Attention
(1)in order to do 常置于句首用来强调目的。
(2)so as to/so….as to 表示目的，不可以置于句首。
★小试身手★
1)为了能够准时到达那里，我们必须现在出发
In order to get there on time, we must set off now.
2)为了款待重要客人，他从英国请了管家。
In order to treat the important guests, he hired a housekeeper from the UK
3)他们一大早出发为了能赶上首班车。
They set out in the early morning so as to catch the first bus.
b.表示结果
(1)so …as to … 如此……以至于
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time
(2)such (…) as to … 如此……以至于
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
(3)enough to … 足以
The boy is old enough to go to school.
(4)too … to … 太……以至于不能
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
(5)only to 不料却……，结果却…… 不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气
I bought expensive tickets to the theatre, only to discover that the show was boring.
★小试身手★
1)你说这些话只会把大家弄得更加紧张。
You said these only to make everyone more nervous.
2)她太小了不能看这个暴力电影。
She is too young to watch this violent movie.
Attention :
但是too….to结构前如果出现but, never, only等词时则表示肯定。
1)活到老学到老。
It’s never too old/late to learn.
6.不定式结构作宾语补足语
a.非谓语做宾补的用法。
结构 含义 举例
see + 宾语 + do 看见（宾语）做……了 see him go to the office
see +宾语 + doing 看见（宾语）正在做 see him going to the office
see +宾语 + being done 看见（宾语）正在被做 see him being bitten by a dog
see +宾语 + done 看见（宾语）被做 see him bitten by a dog
b.不定式to do（do）做宾补表示“要去做”。
结构 例词 例句
动词+宾语+ to do ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, 等表示劝请、要求、喜好类 I want both of you to go. The teacher told us to do exercise one.
c.do 做宾补表示“全过程”。
动词+宾语+do （省略to） 一“感”： feel 二“听”： hear / listen to 三“使”： have / make / let 四“看”： see / watch / notice / find I saw my daughter enter the classroom, sit in a chair, open her English book and begin to read Chapter 15.
当堂限时检测
1．________ the beautiful life, we should often go out for a walk with our friends.
A．Enjoy B．Enjoying C．To enjoy D．Enjoys
2．________ students’ eyesight and make sure they focus on their studies, schools will have more rules to limit mobile phone use.
A．Protect B．To protect C．Protected D．Protecting
3．It’s very good for us ________ some volunteer work in the community around.
A．do B．doing C．did D．to do
4．When I was young, my parents always encouraged us __________ new hobbies.
A．to develop B．developing C．develop D．developed
5．You have hardly changed these years. How did you manage _________ so young
A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．to staying
6．—What a heavy rain!
—________. I prefer ________ rather than ________ on such a rainy day.
A．So it is; staying at home; go out B．So it is; to stay at home; go out
C．So is it; to stay at home; go out D．So is it; go out; stay at home
7．—Our teacher often advises us ________ the habit of doing chores at home.
—It can be helpful for us to understand our family better.
A．developed B．to develop C．develop D．developing
8．The traffic signs warn people ________ after drinking.
A．drive B．not driving C．not to drive D．to drive
9．We must do something __________ the left-behind children in rural areas.
A．helping B．to help C．helps D．help
10．Our parents won’t allow us ________ in the river alone.
A．to swim B．swim C．swimming D．swam
11．—What are you going to do, Jane
—Oh, my mother asks me ________ some food for supper.
A．buy B．to buy C．buys D．buying
12．Doctors advise us ________masks on such hazy (雾蒙蒙的) days.
A．wear B．wearing C．to wear D．worn
13．If you promise ________ your mother do some housework, you must do it.
A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped
14．A lot of travelers expect ________ many Jacarandas (蓝花楹) in Kunming.
A．enjoy B．to enjoy C．enjoying D．enjoys
15．He was not fast enough ______ the worms (虫子) Mama Bird brought back.
A．get B．got C．getting D．to get
16．It is important for us ________ to act politely in public.
A．to learn B．learning C．learnt D．learn
17．The teacher warns us ________ the school rules, or we’ll be punished.
A．not to break B．don’t break C．to break D．breaking
18．________ healthy, my mother does yoga very often and has a good eating habit.
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．To be kept
19．Today is Mother’s Day, and I plan _________ dinner for my mother.
A．to cook B．cooking C．cooked D．cook
20．—Where are you going
—To the post office. My mother asked me _________ a letter.
A．to send B．send C．sending D．sent
21．________ the speed in the coming race, the marathon lover practises running every day.
A．Improve B．Improves C．Improving D．To improve
22．Although the Beijing Opera is difficult for Betty, she hopes ______ more next time.
A．understand B．understands C．understanding D．to understand
23．________ safe, people should wear helmets when riding e-bikes.
A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．To keeping
24．My best friend, Kangkang, often encourages me ______ to my dream.
A．stick B．stuck C．to stick D．sticking
25．— Could you tell me ________ the computer
— Sure.
A．how use B．to use how C．how to use D．what to use
26．_________ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door of the house.
A．Save B．To save C．Saving D．Saved
27．They heard the girl ________ in the next door just now.
A．to sing B．sing C．sings D．sang
28．Don’t forget ________ in your math exercises tomorrow.
A．to hand B．handing C．hand D．to handing
29．Today, we must continue working ________ our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear.
A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept
30．Don’t stay up late. It’s time ________ to bed.
A．go B．went C．going D．to go
参考答案：
1．C
【详解】句意：为了享受美好的生活，我们应该经常和我们的朋友出去散步。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“go”，此处要使用非谓语动词形式，结合句意，我们经常和我们朋友出去散步的目的是为了享受美好生活，动词不定式可以表目的。故选C。
2．B
【详解】句意：为了保护学生的视力，确保他们集中精力学习，学校将出台更多限制使用手机的规定。
考查非谓语动词。根据“schools will have more rules to limit mobile phone use”可知，出台手机限制规定是为了保护视力和确保学生的学习，用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。
3．D
【详解】句意：对我们来说，在周围的社区做一些志愿者工作是很好的。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，it是作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构，故选D。
4．A
【详解】句意：当我小的时候，我的父母总是鼓励我们发展新的爱好。
考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定短语，故选A。
5．B
【详解】句意：你这些年几乎没怎么变化。你是怎么保持这么年轻的？
考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.“想方设法做某事”，这里动词不定式作宾语。故选B。
6．B
【详解】句意：——多大的雨啊！——确实如此。在这样的雨天，我宁愿待在家里，也不愿出去。
考查强调句及固定句式。So it is确实如此；So is it它也是，表示另一件事也具有相同的特征或情况；go out出去；stay at home待在家。根据“on such a rainy day”可知，此处表示的确如此；prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事”，固定句式。故选B。
7．B
【详解】句意：——我们的老师经常建议我们养成在家做家务的习惯。——它可以帮助我们更好地了解我们的家庭。
考查非谓语动词。根据advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”可知，此处应填动词不定式to develop。故选B。
8．C
【详解】句意：交通标志警告人们不要酒后驾车。
考查非谓语动词。根据“The traffic signs warn people...after drinking.”可知，此处表示警告人们酒后不要驾驶。warn sb. not to do sth.“警告某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾补。故选C。
9．B
【详解】句意：我们必须做点什么来帮助农村的留守儿童。
考查非谓语动词。根据“the left-behind children in rural areas”可知，是帮助留守儿童，设空处表目的，填不定式作状语。故选B。
10．A
【详解】句意：我们的父母不允许我们单独在河里游泳。
考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，故选A。
11．B
【详解】句意：——简，你打算做什么？——哦，我妈妈叫我去买一些晚饭吃的食物。
考查非谓语动词。ask sb to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。
12．C
【详解】句意：医生建议我们在这种雾霾天戴口罩。
考查非谓语动词。advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”，为固定短语，故选C。
13．B
【详解】句意：如果你答应帮妈妈做些家务，你就必须做到。
考查非谓语动词。promise to do sth“答应做某事”，故选B。
14．B
【详解】句意：很多游客期待在昆明欣赏到蓝花楹。
考查非谓语动词。根据“expect ”可知，其后可加名词、代词、不定式或从句作宾语。expect to do sth.表示“期待做某事”。故选B。
15．D
【详解】句意：他没有那么快去拿到鸟妈妈带回来的虫子。
考查动词不定式作目的状语。enough to do“足够……去做某事”。故选D。
16．A
【详解】句意：对我们来说，学会在公共场合举止礼貌是很重要的。
考查非谓语动词。该句为“It’s+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”结构，表示“对某人来说做某事……”，不定式作真正的主语，故选A。
17．A
【详解】句意：老师警告我们不要破坏校规，否则我们会受到惩罚。
考查非谓语动词。warn sb. (not) to do sth.表示“警告某人（不要）做某事”，break意为“破坏”，根据“or we’ll be punished”可知，老师应该是警告我们 “不要破坏” 校规。故选A。
18．B
【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我妈妈经常做瑜伽，并且有良好的饮食习惯。
考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据“my mother does yoga very often and has a good eating habit.”可知，妈妈为了健康做瑜伽，故选B。
19．A
【详解】句意：今天是母亲节，我打算为妈妈做晚饭。
考查非谓语动词。cook烹饪，根据“plan”可知，考查短语plan to do“计划做某事”，因此设空处填不定式。故选A。
20．A
【详解】句意：——你要去哪里？——去邮局。我妈妈要我寄一封信。
考查非谓语动词。根据“My mother asked me ... a letter.”可知，是ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”，空处用不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
21．D
【详解】句意：为了在即将到来的比赛中提高速度，这位马拉松爱好者每天都练习跑步。
考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据“the speed in the coming race”可知，为了之后能提高速度，所以每天练习，空处用动词不定式。故选D。
22．D
【详解】句意：虽然京剧对贝蒂来说很难，但她希望下次能理解得更多。
考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，动词不定式to understand作宾语。故选D。
23．B
【详解】句意：安全起见，人们骑电动自行车时应该戴头盔。
考查动词不定式。此空格处位于句首，是动词不定式作目的状语，应用To keep。故选B。
24．C
【详解】句意：我最好的朋友康康经常鼓励我坚持自己的梦想。
考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定短语，故选C。
25．C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎么用电脑吗？——当然。
考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式。根据句子结构可知，句中的直接宾语是特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构，此处询问如何使用电脑，故选C。
26．B
【详解】句意：为了救被锁在里面的人，消防队员砸开了房屋的门。
考查动词不定式的用法。根据“...the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door of the house.”可知，消防员破门而入的目的是救人，空处使用动词不定式，作目的状语。故选B。
27．B
【详解】句意：刚刚我听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。
考查动词短语。hear sb. doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”，hear sb. do sth.“听到某人做某事”，只有B选项符合要求。故选B。
28．A
【详解】句意：别忘了明天交数学练习题。
考查动词不定式。forget to do sth忘记做某事，此事还没有做；forget doing sth忘记做了某事，此事已经做完。根据“tomorrow”可知，此事没有做，因此用动词不定式结构。故选A。
29．B
【详解】句意：今天，我们必须继续打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。
考查非谓语动词。根据“our skies blue, waters clean and lands clear”可知，蓝天、碧水、净土是继续工作的目的，空格处应用动词不定式表目的。故选B。
30．D
【详解】句意：不要熬夜。该睡觉了。
考查非谓语动词。根据“It’s time…”可知，此处为固定句型It’s time to do sth.“到了做某事的时候了”，应用不定式作后置定语。故选D。

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