资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
3．objective n．目标；目的adj.客观的
4．property n．性质；特征；财产
5．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点
6．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的
7．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行
8．defeat n．失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜
9．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然
10. substance n．物质；物品；事实根据
11．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
12．mostly adv.主要地；一般地
13．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况
14．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动
15．infer vt.推断；推定
16．theory n．理论；学说
17．genius n．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋
18．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
19．gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地
20．encounter vt.偶然碰到；遇到 n．邂逅；遭遇
21．device n．方法；技巧；装置；仪器
22．draft n．草稿；草案 vt.起草；草拟
23．commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
24．insist on 坚决要求
25．come to power (开始)掌权；上台
26．take up a position担任；任职
27．sum up 总结；概括
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺
2．academy n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academic adj.学业的；学术的
3．evaluate vt.评价；评估→evaluation n．评价；评估
4．distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinction n．区别；差别
5．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→acknowledgement n．承认；确认；感谢
6．analyse(NAmE-ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses) n．分析
7．scientific adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n．科学→scientist n．科学家
8．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.断定；推断出
9．novelist n．小说家→novel n．(长篇)小说 adj.新颖的；珍奇的
10．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在→foundation n．创建；基金会→founder n．创建者；创始人
11．politician n．政治家；从政者；政客→politics n．政治→political adj.政治的
12．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的→gently adv.温柔地；温和地→gentleness n．和蔼；温和；温柔
13．passion n．酷爱；激情→passionate adj.具有强烈信念的；热爱的，酷爱的
14．consequence n．结果；后果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.结果；因此；所以
15．professor n．教授→profession n．职业，行业→professional adj.职业的 n．专业人士
16．remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的→remark n．言论，评述v.谈论，说起；注意到
17．sum vi.总结；概括 n．金额；款项；总数；总和→summary n．总结；摘要；概要→summarize/se vt.& vi.总结；概括；概述
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．The teacher in the famous academy has been committing himself to his academic research，which is crucial for the development of AI.
n．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校
adj.学业的；学术的
2．We spent a whole day appreciating various plants and flowers in the botanical garden.
adj.植物学的
3．We are capable of extracting more useful information from his previous extracts，which helps us achieve our initial objective.vt.提取；提炼n.摘录
4．Having broken the new equipment，he intended to flee the scene but finally acknowledged his fault to the leader.vi.& vt.迅速离开；逃跑
5．Do not draw it on the chart，however，as this will confuse the issue.n.图表
6．Being a genius for mathematics，he has achieved numerous achievements in the field.
adj.众多的，许多的
7．I have great difficulty understanding the theory of relativity，so I am writing to turn to you for assistance.n.相对论；相对性
8．He has extracted valuable substance from these plants，for which he has obtained a patent.
n．专利；专利证书
9．He obtained his doctorate in chemistry two months ago and that is，he has been a doctor for two months.n.博士学位
10．The old-fashioned institutions in the public departments urgently need improving.
n．制度；习俗
11．Individuals can sign up for self-study courses in the university’s language institute with the objective of strengthening their language ability.n.(教育、专业等)机构
12．Could you be kind enough to pick up my uncle at the airport who is of medium height and wears a full moustache n．上唇的胡子；髭
13．No one can deny the fact that every author has some peculiarities in his descriptions or in his style of writing.n.个性；特点；怪异的性质
14．The wind is howling as if it were mourning the great loss of an extraordinary politician.
vt.& vi.哀悼；忧伤
vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的
be vital to/for...对……是至关重要的
It is vital to do...做……很重要。
It is vital that...……是十分重要的。(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)
(1)To learn Chinese well，reading interesting Chinese news every day is vital to/for American exchange students.
(2)It is vital to memorize(memorize) as many words and expressions as possible at the beginning of learning English.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2023·上海1月，书面表达)就我而言，选择有趣的话题对我们是至关重要的，这样我们才能在英语口语课上活跃起来。
As far as I am concerned，it is vital for us to pick interesting topics/it is vital that we (should) pick interesting topics so that we can be active in our oral English class.
commit vt.做出(错或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证 vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) (committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的commitment n．投入；奉献；承诺)
·commit oneself to (doing) sth专心致志于(做)某事，献身于(做)某事
commit oneself to (sth/do sth/doing sth) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
·be committed to (doing) sth对……忠诚；致力于……
(1)It is because of the experts’ commitment(commit) that a cure for the deadly disease has been found.
(2)My son committed himself to obey the school rules and thus，I sighed in relief.词义：承诺；保证
[写作佳句]
(3)(2023·天津3月，书面表达)因为他致力于帮助那些需要帮助的人摆脱困境，我们的班长被称为“活雷锋”。
①Because he commits himself to/is committed to helping those in need out of trouble，our monitor is called “a living Lei Feng”．
②Committing himself to/Committed to helping those in need out of trouble，our monitor is called “a living Lei Feng”．(分词短语作状语)
acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 (acknowledgement n．承认；确认；感谢)
acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做了某事
acknowledge sth/sb to be/as...承认某事/某人是……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that...……是大家公认的；全世界都知道……
(1)I will show you around Beijing in acknowledgement(acknowledge) of your selfless help.
(2)Since you acknowledged committing/having committed(commit) the mistake，I would offer you another opportunity to correct it.
(3)Our head teacher is acknowledged to be(be) the most generous，hard-working and warm-hearted teacher in the academy.
[写作佳句]
(4)(2022·全国甲，书面表达) 众所周知，海洋不仅为我们提供足够的食物，而且保持着大自然的平衡，因此我们必须致力于保护海洋。
It is universally/generally acknowledged that oceans not only offer us enough food but also keep the balance of nature，so we must be committed to protecting them.
insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求
·insist on/upon doing sth坚持/坚决要求做某事
·在“insist that...”结构中，当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略；当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。
(1)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)What made me scared to death was that my brother insisted on/upon using a knife to cut the pumpkin open.
(2)He insisted that he was(be) healthy，but the doctor insisted that he (should) take(take) the medicine.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我的老师向我投来鼓励的目光，他坚持认为我有写作天赋，所以他坚持要我参加即将到来的写作比赛。
Casting me a look of encouragement，my teacher insisted that I had a talent for writing，so he insisted that I (should) take part in the approaching writing contest.
conclusion n．结论；推论(conclude vt.断定；推断出)
in conclusion最后；总之
come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion得出结论
conclude...with sth/by doing sth 以……结束
conclude from...从……中得出结论
(1)I insist that the conclusion(conclude) he has reached doesn’t make sense at all.
(2)He concluded his speech with a famous saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之个人成长主题句)总之，我从自己的经历中得出了一个结论：无论发生什么事，一个人都应该坚持自己的梦想。
In conclusion，I drew a conclusion from/concluded from my own experience: One should stick to his/her dream no matter what happens.
come to power (开始)掌权；上台(表示动作，不能和一段时间连用)(power n．能力；力量；权力；职权；政权；电力供应 powerful adj.强有力的；有影响力的)
be in power掌权，执政(表示状态，可以和一段时间连用)
have the power to do sth具有做某事的能力/权力
beyond/out of one’s power某人力所不能及的
(1)The politician full of passion came(come) to power three years ago.In other words，he has been(be) in power for three years.
(2)With the remarkable development of science and technology，China has become more powerful(power) than ever before.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之申请信)我非常确信我有能力担任您的助教，所以请考虑我的申请。
I am greatly convinced that I have the power to take up a position as your teaching assistant，so please take my application into consideration.
(4)(读后续写之情感描写)意识到这个问题超出了我的能力范围，我非常焦虑，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。
Sensing that the problem was beyond/out of my power，I was so anxious that tears flowed down my cheeks.
take up a position 担任；任职
take up拿起；占据；开始从事；接受
take off脱下；起飞；事业腾飞；休假
take in吸收；理解；收留；欺骗
take over接管；接任
take on呈现；雇用；承担
take down写下，记下；拆除
take apart拆开；拆卸
(1)Since he took over the company，heavy work has almost taken up all of his time.Being a person full of passion and modesty，he always takes in some scientific and novel ideas to manage the company.Due to his great efforts，his career has taken off and his company has taken on a completely new look.
(2)The clever professor had no difficulty taking apart the gold watch and mended it successfully.
(3)Ever since I took up a position in the academy，I have been committed to my job.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之建议信)我强烈建议你应该记下重点，而不是老师在课堂上说的每一个字。
I strongly suggest that you (should) take down the key points rather than every word the teacher says in class.
Ⅰ.一词多义
flow A.n.流动　B.n.流畅　C.n.供应　D.vi. 液体 流动　E.vi. 大量人或物 流动
1．There is no doubt that the country encourages the flow of goods and services to faraway areas.
C
2．We have a hard time controlling the flow of crowds during the Spring Festival. A
3．More and more young people desire to flow into big cities after graduation from university. E
4．To make sure the smooth flow of the whole text，I have determined to cancel some details. B
5．No one can deny the fact that the Yangtze River flows into the East China Sea. D
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．I discovered a novel way to deal with the challenging problem.新颖的
2．I must tell you that all applications will be acknowledged by emails.告知收悉
3. (2021·新课标Ⅰ) “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page，but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand，” Mr Titterton said.“Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”(小股)气流
4．These two sentences extracts are from the book I like most.摘录
课时精练(一)
A卷(56.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．As a consequence，it is crucial for us students to make a proper plan before studying for a bachelor’s degree.
2．Founded in 1990，the company has expanded into an international one through great efforts.
3．It can be inferred from his words that he has fully understood the flow chart.
4．Under no circumstances can you give up even if you come across difficulties.
5．It was because of his wonderful suggestions that my academic performance got greatly improved.
6．He’s a genius(天才) at organizing people，so he is quite qualified for the position.
7．The scientist with a moustache succeeded in extracting(提取) useful substances from these wild flowers.
8．I encountered(偶然碰到) my former English teacher on the street and I was too excited to speak a word.
9．Despite numerous failures，I defeated(击败) him in the end，which made me burst into laughter.
10．To sum up，all of these materials will be evaluated(评估) in a way that he has put forward.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题2分，满分24分)
1．It is vital to analyse(analyse) the whole event carefully before making a final decision.
2．We insist on/upon forming a team with the objective of solving the complex problem as soon as possible.
3．Apparently(apparent)，I have made a silly and unforgivable mistake.
4．In the end，he acknowledged obtaining/having obtained(obtain) his father’s financial support.
5．Committed(commit) to creating his latest story，the novelist can’t spare any time to travel around.
6．Through joint efforts，I strongly believe that our country will become powerful(power) in the near future.
7．Learning that I was taken in by his clever words，I boiled with extreme anger.
8．Being a passionate(passion) young man，he can perform his duties wonderfully.
9．I am writing to congratulate the professor who has made remarkable(remark) achievements in his career.
10．Based on numerous scientific analyses，we can safely come to a final conclusion(conclude)．
11．He gently(gentle) patted me on the shoulder，encouraging me not to give up halfway.
12．I gradually understood his political(politics) beliefs and I supported him heart and soul.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie or Richard Feynman，Wu Chien-shiung is not a household name in China but she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century，one that “completely” changed human’s view of the universe.
Wu’s father，Wu Zhongyi，founded the first school for girls in Taicang，aiming to break the old idea that it was women’s virtue to have no talents，which had the greatest influence on Wu Chien-shiung’s life.Working in the scientific world dominated(支配) by men，she never gave up or lowered her standards even if unequally treated.After graduating from the former National Central University in Nanjing in 1934，Wu registered at the University of California，Berkeley at the age of 24 to continue her study in physics.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist，Wu’s pioneering achievements won her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”，“queen of nuclear research” and “first lady of physics”．She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society，the first female winner of the Comstock Prize in physics given by the US National Academy of Sciences，the first person to receive the Wolf Prize in physics，the first honorary doctorate awarded by Princeton University to a woman，and the first female professor of physics in the history of Columbia University.
To get accurate results from experiments，she worked very hard day and night at a laboratory and gained a reputation for accuracy.There was a saying among physicists: If the experiment was done by Wu，it must be correct.She was always very careful in experiments，spending a great deal of time calibrating(校准) instruments.She didn’t start collecting data until she fully understood the instruments.Her experiments overturned many previous experimental results and theories，said Samuel Chao Chung Ting，American physicist and Nobel Prize winner.
On Feb 16,1997，Wu died in the US.According to her will，she was buried in her hometown Taicang.She was a distinguished world citizen，and was forever a Chinese.
语篇解读　这是一篇人物传记，讲述了20世纪最有影响力的核物理学家之一——吴健雄的生平事迹。
1．What influenced Wu Chien-shiung when she was young
A．Her life in America.
B．Her love for physics.
C．Her family background.
D．Marie Curie’s achievements.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wu’s father，Wu Zhongyi，founded the first school for girls in Taicang，aiming to break the old idea that it was women’s virtue to have no talents，which had the greatest influence on Wu Chien-shiung’s life.”可知，吴健雄的家庭背景对她有深远的影响。故选C。
2．What does the author intend to show in paragraph 3
A．Awards are usually gained through great efforts.
B．Wu Chien-shiung was “a pioneer” in many ways.
C．No scientists were better than Wu Chien-shiung.
D．We cannot stress the importance of physics enough.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist，Wu’s pioneering achievements won her nicknames such as ‘Chinese Madame Curie’．..and the first female professor of physics in the history of Columbia University.”可知，作者旨在通过本段说明吴健雄在许多方面都是“先锋”。故选B。
3．Which of the following can best describe Wu Chien-shiung
A．Caring and responsible.
B．Courageous and creative.
C．Stubborn and sensitive.
D．Cautious and hard-working.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“To get accurate results from experiments，she worked very hard day and night at a laboratory and gained a reputation for accuracy.”可知，吴健雄是一个勤奋的人；再根据“She was always very careful in experiments，spending a great deal of time calibrating(校准) instruments.She didn’t start collecting data until she fully understood the instruments.”可知，她是一个谨慎小心的人。综上，吴健雄是一个勤奋且谨慎的人。故选D。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．An influential woman nuclear physicist.
B．An important contribution to physics.
C．The influence of modern education.
D．Nuclear researches in scientific world.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Compared with physicists such as Marie Curie or Richard Feynman，Wu Chien-shiung is not a household name in China but she was one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century，one that ‘completely’ changed human’s view of the universe.”以及通读整篇文章可知，本文讲述的是女性核物理学家吴健雄的生平事迹。故选A。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Chemists have spent the past century trying to make plastics break down in seawater.Most plastics take centuries to fully break down in the ocean. 1 However，this may change.Scientists have designed a new kind of plastic that can break down in seawater within weeks，not decades or more.
2 It is known as polylactide(聚乳酸) or PLA.It’s made by linking many building blocks into a long string.Scientists had hoped PLA would quickly break down in the environment.And in some places it does，but not in seawater.After three years in the ocean，PLA remains largely unchanged.
Timo Rhein Berger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. 3 For part of that work，he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.They put those breaking points to places where monomers(单体) in the PLA molecules are linked.Then，they soaked(浸泡) their samples in artificial seawater.In this way，they measured how fast the PLA broke down.As the team had hoped，seawater attacked the weakened links between monomers.That could tear the PLA chain apart. 4
When the researchers weakened 15% of PLA’s monomer links，the PLA broke down entirely within just two weeks.When they weakened only 3% of the links，the breakdown took about two years. 5 This can be achieved by adjusting how many weakened links it has.
A．Plastics are useful.
B．That’s why plastics make up 80% of ocean trash.
C．So researchers have much confidence in their efforts.
D．His work has focused on speeding PLA’s breakdown.
E．Scientists created the now-popular plastic in the 1930s.
F．This means the team can design how quickly PLA breaks down in seawater.
G．The more breaking points researchers added，the faster the PLA broke down.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家们设计了一种新型塑料，可以在海水中迅速分解。
1．答案　B
解析　根据前文“Most plastics take centuries to fully break down in the ocean.”可知，塑料在海洋中难以分解，这会导致海洋垃圾中塑料占比很高，与B项“这就是为什么塑料占海洋垃圾的80%”上下文一致，故选B。
2．答案　E
解析　根据下文“It is known as polylactide...or PLA.”可知，空处会提到一种塑料，即PLA。E项“科学家在20世纪30年代创造了现在流行的塑料”与下文衔接紧密，下文中的It指代E项中的the now-popular plastic，故选E。
3．答案　D
解析　根据上文“Timo Rhein Berger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands.”可知，本段内容与Timo Rhein Berger有关，结合下文“For part of that work，he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.”可知，空处应为他的工作。D项“他的工作重点是加速PLA的分解”与上下文一致，His work与For part of that work前后呼应，故选D。
4．答案　G
解析　根据上文“For part of that work，he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.”与“In this way，they measured how fast the PLA broke down...That could tear the PLA chain apart.”可知，增加突破点能加速PLA分解，G项“研究人员添加的突破点越多，PLA的分解速度就越快”与上下文一致，breaking points为原词复现，符合文意，故选G。
5．答案　F
解析　根据上文“When the researchers weakened 15% of PLA’s monomer links，the PLA broke down entirely within just two weeks.When they weakened only 3% of the links，the breakdown took about two years.”可知，研究团队可以控制PLA的分解速度了，F项“这意味着团队可以设计PLA在海水中分解的速度”与上下文一致，符合文意，故选F。
课时精练(一)
B卷(35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
When I was in the fifth grade，my teachers first discovered that I could not even read the first grade books.They didn’t think this kind of problem could happen to me since my father was a famous scientist.My parents sent me to experts，trying to find out what the problem was.My IQ was high，but I had severe problems in learning.They discovered that I was dyslexic(诵读困难的)．I was lucky that my parents cared enough to find a way out for me.
When my parents went to Ford Country Day School and sat down with Brent，a teacher in the school，he agreed to help without thinking twice.My family was not rich and I was allowed to go to school free of charge because my mother drove some students to school in the morning in her car.I do know，however，without Brent reaching out to my family，my life would have taken a turn for the worst.Brent and my parents decided to have me retake the fifth grade in the next school year.
I was afraid of going to school with my difficulties in learning，but Brent’s kind and loving support helped me slowly learn to grow and overcome my learning disability.Ford Country Day School has become the most important turning point in my life.The foundation that Brent gave me has in many ways set my direction in life.
I went to Japan to live with my brother for one year right out of Ford Country Day School.I was in an international school in Tokyo.If I had not had the experience in Ford Country Day School，I would not have been able to survive in Japan.I count myself as one of the truly lucky people having been touched by Brent’s care and love.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在五年级时发现诵读困难，但他得到了老师布伦特的帮助和支持并最终克服困难，为此作者十分感激。
1．What’s the problem with the author
A．He had trouble in learning.
B．His parents didn’t care about him.
C．He didn’t like going to school.
D．The experts were unwilling to help him.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的“When I was in the fifth grade，my teachers first discovered that I could not even read the first grade books.”和“They discovered that I was dyslexic(诵读困难的)．”可知，作者在学习上遇到了困难。故选A。
2．Why did the author go to school for free
A．His family was very poor.
B．His mother sent some students to school.
C．His IQ was quite high.
D．His father was a famous scientist.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“My family was not rich and I was allowed to go to school free of charge because my mother drove some students to school in the morning in her car.”可知，作者能免费上学是因为他妈妈送一些学生去上学。故选B。
3．What does the underlined word “overcome” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Be responsible for. B．Get used to.
C．Get over. D．Write down.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“helped me slowly learn to grow”可知，布伦特的帮助是有作用的，结合“my learning disability”可推知，作者最终“克服”了学习障碍。画线词与get over同义，意为“克服”。故选C。
4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A．To share his learning methods.
B．To give a high praise for his parents.
C．To express his thanks to Brent.
D．To introduce Ford Country Day School.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。通读全文，结合第二段中“I do know，however，without Brent reaching out to my family，my life would have taken a turn for the worst.”和最后一段末句“I count myself as one of the truly lucky people having been touched by Brent’s care and love.”可推知，作者撰文回忆老师布伦特对自己的帮助和支持，是为了表达对布伦特的感激之情。故选C。
B
Marilyn Hughes Gaston，M.D.has concentrated on medical care for poor families and activities for health care equality for all Americans.Her 1986 study of sickle cell disease(SCD) led to a nationwide screening(筛查) program to test newborns for immediate treatment，and she was the first African American woman to lead a public health service department.
SCD is a blood illness.In a person with SCD，some blood cells take on a sickle shape，blocking the capillaries(阻塞毛细血管)．Over time，it can cause weakness，even death，especially for patients in developing nations，where treatment is underdeveloped.According to the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America，Inc.，each year about a thousand babies are born with the disease in America.
Dr.Gaston first became interested in the problems of children with sickle cell disease while doing her training at Philadelphia General Hospital in 1964.One evening，Dr.Gaston admitted a baby with a badly swollen(肿胀的) hand.No wound was reported，and she could not find the cause of the swelling.Her instructor suggested she check the blood work for evidence of sickle cell disease.The child did have SCD，and his hand was swollen from a certain complication(并发症)．Gaston was shocked that she hadn’t even considered checking for this condition，and set out to learn everything she could learn about it.She got government support to study SCD in children and established projects for routine screening for the disease.In 1976，she began to work with the National Institutes of Health as a medical expert.
In 1986 Dr.Gaston published the results of a groundbreaking national study showing that babies should be screened for SCD at birth，so that preventive treatment could be given right away.The study resulted in Congress encouraging and funding SCD screening programs nationwide.Within one year，forty states had begun screening programs.One of the most important conclusions of her work was that the complication of SCD could be avoided with early treatment，a life-saving practice that became a central policy of the U．S.Public Health Service.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了玛丽莲·休斯·加斯顿为研究和治疗镰状细胞疾病 SCD 而做出的努力和贡献。
5．What do the facts about SCD in paragraph 2 show
A．The risks faced by newborns.
B．The difficulty of treating SCD.
C．The serious state of medical care.
D．The need for treating SCD effectively.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。结合第二段对镰状细胞疾病所造成的严重后果的介绍和在美国这种疾病不容乐观的发病率，以及上下文语境可推知，罗列这些事实是为了强调这种疾病急需有效的治疗手段。故选D。
6．What inspired Dr.Gaston to further study SCD
A．Encouragement from her instructor.
B．The recent progress in SCD treatment.
C．Her failure to properly examine a patient.
D．Her strong feelings for poor SCD patients.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。结合第三段中“Gaston was shocked that she hadn’t even considered checking for this condition，and set out to learn everything she could learn about it.”可知，未给予病患正确的检查让加斯顿深受触动，因此她想进一步研究镰状细胞疾病。故选C。
7．What is the importance of SCD screening programs
A．Finding the variation of SCD.
B．Testing serious complications of SCD.
C．Controlling SCD at an early stage.
D．Getting to know the seriousness of SCD.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。结合最后一段中“...so that preventive treatment could be given right away ...the complication of SCD could be avoided with early treatment”可推知，镰状细胞疾病是可以在早期得到控制的，筛查的意义在于帮助病患早发现早治疗。故选C。
8．What can be the best title for the text
A．SCD Screening Programs: the Best Cure for SCD
B．A Pioneer in Treating SCD: Dr.Marilyn Hughes Gaston
C．A Fighter for Medical Equality: Dr.Marilyn Hughes Gaston
D．SCD Screening Programs: the Development in Medical Care
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。结合全文内容可知，本文介绍了非洲裔医学家玛丽莲·休斯·加斯顿为镰状细胞疾病的研究和早期治疗所做出的开拓性的贡献。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Although Laughter Yoga definitely includes some yoga，don’t expect it to have much in common with the yoga classes 1. (offer) at your local studio or gym.It promotes the use of laughter as a form of physical exercise，attaching 2. (much) importance to the former than to the latter.
Laughter Yoga 3. (create) in the mid-1990s as a social experiment.In 1995，Dr Madan Kataria called on a group of students in a park 4. (test) whether adding regular laughter to people’s lives would improve 5. (they) well-being.Kataria also introduced deep breathing and simple yoga moves 6. the exercises.
Medical research 7. (suggest) that language is a good way to reduce stress and help people feel good.Kataria Laughter Clubs are popping up in response to people’s need to handle 8. (press)．
Kataria also offers books and DVDs to people 9. don’t have access to a local Laughter Club.However，connecting with other humans is 10. big part of Laughter Yoga’s success in helping people feel better and experience more joy.
1．答案　offered
解析　考查过去分词。offer与the yoga classes为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填offered。
2．答案　more
解析　考查比较级。句中“than”提示，需用much的比较级修饰importance。故填more。
3．答案　was created
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。Laughter Yoga(单数名词)和create为被动关系，谓语动词create需要用被动语态。in the mid-1990s是过去时间，谓语用一般过去时，助动词用单数。故填was created。
4．答案　to test
解析　考查动词不定式。call on sb to do sth“号召某人干某事”为动词加复合宾语结构，动词不定式在句中作宾补。故填to test。
5．答案　their
解析　考查代词。well-being为名词，需要用形容词性物主代词限定。故填their。
6．答案　into
解析　考查介词。introduce...into...“把……引进……”为固定短语，故填into。
7．答案　has suggested
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知，此处应该用现在完成时，表达过去的动作对现在的影响，表示“医学研究已经表明”。主语Medical research为第三人称单数。故填has suggested。
8．答案　pressure
解析　考查名词。handle为及物动词，后面需要接名词作宾语。press的名词形式为pressure，故填pressure。
9．答案　who
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此句为含有定语从句的复合句。先行词为people，who指代people，指人，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。故填who。
10．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。part为可数名词，此处表示泛指，big的首字母发音为辅音音素。故填a。Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the whole passage
A．Tu Youyou’s education at university.
B．Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
C．Tu Youyou paid attention to fame.
D．Tu Youyou made a breakthrough in medicine on her own.
答案　B
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What does the author want to tell us in the first paragraph
A．A great many people die from malaria every year.
B．The reason why Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize.
C．Malaria has brought much harm to the people in Africa.
D．Artemisinin is used to treat many kinds of diseases.
答案　B
2．What does the word “promise” refer to in the second paragraph
A．Discovery. B．Possibility.
C．Activity. D．Examination.
答案　B
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Tu was not sure about the value of traditional Chinese medicine.
B．Tu and her team had tested many times before they succeeded.
C．Tu was modest and was proud of traditional Chinese medicine.
D．Tu was clever and determined while doing some research.
答案　C
4．Which of the following can best describe Tu Youyou
A．Committed and determined.
B．Devoted but not patient.
C．Selfless and weak.
D．Brave but not intelligent.
答案　A
5．Where do you think this passage comes from
A．A TV interview.
B．A medical report.
C．A book review.
D．A newspaper.
答案　D
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Tu Youyou,1.whose research resulted in the discovery of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria.
Tu Youyou，a 2.committed(commit) and patient scientist，graduated from Peking University Medical School at the age of 25.In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new 3.treatment(treat) for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers 4.chosen(choose)．Two years later，she became the head of the project in Beijing，and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts 5.to find(find) traditional botanical treatments for the disease.One medical text from 6.the fourth century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.Tu’s team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves 7.but found no effect.Tu analysed the medical texts again，and found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood.She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood 8.apparently(apparent) destroyed its medical properties.9.Using(use) a lower temperature to draw out the extract，she found a substance that worked.This medicine，which 10.was called(call) artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment for malaria.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner)，whose research led to the discovery(discover) of artemisinin，a crucial new treatment for malaria.(P2 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为复合句，其中whose引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou；a crucial new treatment for malaria是artemisinin的同位语。
汉语翻译：本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦(得主之一)，她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物得以发现。
2．In the beginning，Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was(be) more common，to study malaria patients.(P2 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句，where引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Hainan；不定式短语to study malaria patients作目的状语。
汉语翻译：起初，屠呦呦奔赴疟疾更为常见的海南研究疟疾患者。
3．From their research，they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.(P2 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句，that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词treatments。
汉语翻译：通过研究，他们发现并测试了380种不同的有望战胜疟疾的古代中医疗法。
4．One medical text from the fourth(four) century suggested using the extract from sweet wormwood to treat a fever.(P2 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是简单句，using the extract from sweet wormwood作动词suggested的宾语，to treat a fever作目的状语。
汉语翻译：一本四世纪的医学文献建议采用青蒿提取物治疗发烧。
5．They then tried boiling fresh wormwood，and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria，but this did not work either.(P2 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是连词but连接的并列句，boiling fresh wormwood与using the liquid obtained from this是并列的动词-ing形式短语作宾语，其中obtained from this是动词-ed形式短语作后置定语，修饰the liquid，不定式短语to treat malaria作目的状语。
汉语翻译：之后，他们尝试水煎新鲜青蒿叶，用熬出的液体治疗疟疾，但是依旧无效。
6．She analysed the medical texts again，and by chance, she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat(treat) the wormwood.(P2 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是and连接的并列句，suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood是动词-ing形式作后置定语，修饰名词短语one sentence。
汉语翻译：她再次分析医学文献，碰巧发现其中有一句话建议采用一种不同的方法处理青蒿。
7．She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently(apparent) destroyed its medical properties.(P2 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，that引导的是宾语从句，boiling the sweet wormwood是动词-ing形式作此从句的主语。
汉语翻译：她得出结论，认为水煎青蒿显然破坏了它的药学属性。
8．Using a lower temperature to draw(draw)out the extract，she found a substance that worked.(P3 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，Using...是动词-ing形式作状语；that worked是定语从句，修饰先行词a substance。
汉语翻译：通过使用更低的温度萃取提取物后，她发现了一种有效物质。
9．Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on/upon testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.(P3 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，testing the medicine on themselves是动词-ing形式作宾语，不定式短语to make sure that it was safe作目的状语，that it was safe是that引导的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：屠呦呦与团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。
10．This medicine，which was called(call) artemisinin，soon became a standard treatment(treat) for malaria.(P3 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词This medicine。
汉语翻译：这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快就成为治疗疟疾的标准疗法。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
过去分词作后置定语
In 1967，the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria，and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.(P2 Para.2)
1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
结构分析：此句是由连词and连接的并列句，discovering a new treatment for malaria是动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语，chosen为过去分词作后置定语，修饰the first researchers，相当于定语从句who were chosen。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————·单个的过去分词作定语往往置于被修饰的名词前面；过去分词短语作定语常置于被修饰的名词后面。及物动词的过去分词形式表示被动和完成意义；不及物动词的过去分词形式仅仅表示完成。
·有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰的名词之后。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
(1)离期末考试只有一个星期了，所以我们必须充分利用每一分钟来复习功课。
There is only one week left before the end-of-term examination，so we must make full use of every minute to go over our lessons.
(2)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)我急忙上前救那只可怜的被蜘蛛网覆盖的蜂鸟。
I hurried forward to save the poor hummingbird covered in spider webs.
(3)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)沉浸在极度的悲伤中的大卫忍不住抽泣，他似乎被淹没在无助的海洋中。
David bathed in extreme sadness couldn’t resist sobbing and it seemed as if he were drowned in an ocean of helplessness.
upon doing
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize，she said，“The honour is not just mine.” (P3 Para.4)
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。”
结构分析：此句中的Upon是“一……就……”的意思，that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize是that引导的宾语从句。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————·upon/on doing...一……就……，表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。
·表示“一……就……”的其他形式：as soon as，the moment/minute/instant，immediately/
directly/instantly
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
(1)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)一听说Bernard陷入困境，约翰立即致力于通过做爆米花帮助他。
Upon/On learning that Bernard was caught in difficulty，John was immediately committed to helping him by making popcorn.
(2)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)我的头一从大南瓜里拔出来，我就松了一口气。
As soon as/The instant/Immediately/Instantly/The moment my head was pulled out of the huge pumpkin，I sighed in relief.
it作形式主语
It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.(P3 Para.4)
中国的科学研究和中医药得以在全世界传播，确实是一个荣誉。
结构分析：此句中的it是形式主语，不定式复合结构for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world是真正的主语。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————it作形式主语的常用句式：
It be＋n./adj.＋(for sb) to do sth
It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that从句
It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，apparent，obvious，possible...)＋that从句
It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...)＋that从句
It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
(1)(应用文写作之演讲稿)做演讲和您分享我对中国传统文化的看法是一种莫大的荣幸。
It is a/my great honour to deliver a speech to share with you my opinions on traditional Chinese culture.
(2)(话题写作之汉字书写)人们认为由于过多使用电子产品做笔记，我们的书写没有过去好。显然，我们应该养成每天练习书法的习惯；另外，用手写信而不是发邮件给我们的亲戚朋友是个好主意。总之，我们拥有漂亮整洁的书写很重要。
It is thought/believed/supposed that our handwriting is not as good as it was in the past due to too much use of electric products for taking notes.It is obvious that we should form the habit of practising calligraphy every day.Moreover，it is a good idea that we write letters to our relatives and friends by hand instead of sending emails.To conclude，it is important/vital/crucial that we have beautiful and neat handwriting.
(3)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我平静地说道：“你要不跑的话，真是遗憾。事实是，除了你自己谁也不能阻止你做你真正想做的事情。”他似乎受到了鼓舞，带着希望的微笑向起跑线走去。
I quietly said，“It is a pity/shame that you have decided not to run.It is a fact that nobody but you yourself can stop you from doing something you really want to.” It seemed that he was inspired and he moved up to the starting line，wearing a hopeful smile.
(4)(应用文写作之传统文化)得知你对中国唐诗感兴趣，我非常高兴。你有必要了解一下唐朝的历史。
I’m more than delighted to learn that you are interested in Chinese Tang poetry.It is necessary that you (should) know about the history of the Tang Dynasty.
课文重点词块默写
1．lead to 导致
2．die from 死于
3．become a vital part of 成为……的重要组成部分
4．graduate from毕业于……
5．with the objective of 目的是
6．in the beginning起初
7．treat a fever 治疗发烧
8．get stuck 被卡住或陷入困境
9．acknowledge defeat 承认失败
10．by chance 偶然
11．insist on 坚持(做某事)，坚决要求
12．make sure确保
13．according to 根据
14．a team effort 团队努力
课时精练(二)
A卷(40分)
Ⅰ.完成句子(话题写作之人物描写)(满分15分)
1．我最尊敬的人是我的致力于教学和指导我们的班主任。(be committed to；过去分词短语作后置定语)
The person I respect most is my head teacher committed to teaching and guiding us.
2．一听到我们要承认失败，他坚持主张我们应该坚持我们的目标，直到我们实现它们。(upon doing; insist that；acknowledge)
Upon hearing we will acknowledge defeat，he will insist that we (should) stick to our goals until we achieve them.
3．同时，他总是强调养成良好学习习惯的重要性，这对我们进一步的发展非常重要。(非限制性定语从句；be vital for)
Meanwhile，he always stresses the importance of forming good learning habits，which is vital for our further development.
4．显而易见，正是他的投入和指导使我们能够在学业成绩方面取得越来越多的进步。(it作形式主语)
It is apparent/obvious that it is his commitment and guidance that enable us to make more and more progress in our academic performances.
5．总而言之，我们班所有的学生公认他为最受尊重的老师。(acknowledge sb to be/as...)
All in all，all the students in our class acknowledge him to be/as the most respectable teacher.
组句成篇以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Gerty Cori，the first American woman to win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine，was born Gerty Theresa Radnitz in Prague in 1896.Gerty decided at the age of sixteen to study medicine.She entered the Realgymnasium at Tetschen，from which she graduated in 1914，and then went to the Medical School of the German University of Prague.While in medical school，Gerty met Carl Cori，a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research.In 1920，the two published the results of their first joint research，received their medical degrees，and married each other.
Gerty’s first research position was as an assistant in the Karolinen Children’s Hospital in Vienna.In 1922，Carl Cori moved to the United States to join the staff of the New York State Institute for the Study of Malignant Diseases in Buffalo，New York.Gerty Cori moved a few months later，starting as an assistant pathologist(病理学家) at the Institute and later rising to an assistant biochemist.In 1928，the Coris became US citizens.
In 1931，Carl Cori accepted the position of chairman of the Department of Pharmacology of the Washington University School of Medicine(WUSM)，while Gerty Cori was hired as a research fellow.In the early 1940s the Coris moved to the Department of Biological Chemistry.Gerty Cori was made an associate(副的) professor of Research Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology in 1943.She was elevated to the rank of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947，the same year she and her husband were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on the metabolism of glycogen(糖代谢)．
In 1947，Gerty Cori began showing the signs of myelofibrosis，an unusual blood disease.She fought the disease for ten years，refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life.Gerty Cori died on October 26,1957.
语篇解读　本文是一篇人物传记。文章简要介绍了美国首位获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的女性——格蒂·科里。
1．What can we learn about Gerty’s husband
A．He shared the same interests with Gerty.
B．He moved to the USA later than Gerty.
C．He married Gerty while in medical school.
D．He studied pathology under the influence of Gerty.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“While in medical school，Gerty met Carl Cori，a classmate who shared both her love of skiing and mountain climbing and her interest in laboratory research.”可知，格蒂的丈夫卡尔和她有着相同的兴趣爱好。故选A。
2．Which of the following is the correct order of the events in Gerty’s life
a．She moved to the USA.
b．She won the Nobel Prize.
c．She met her husband Carl.
d．She got a job in the WUSM.
e．She received her medical degree.
A．e，a，c，b，d B．c，e，a，d，b
C．e，c，a，d，b D．c，a，e，b，d
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。通读全文可知，格蒂在布拉格大学医学院读书时认识了后来的丈夫；两人于1920年获得医学学位；之后夫妇二人于1922年移民到美国；1931年格蒂和丈夫任职于华盛顿大学医学院；1947年他们共同获得诺贝尔奖。故选B。
3．What does the underlined word “elevated” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Adapted. B．Defeated.
C．Promoted. D．Committed.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“Gerty Cori was made an associate(副的) professor of Research Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology in 1943.She was elevated to the rank of professor of Biological Chemistry in July 1947.”可知，1943年格蒂是副教授，1947年7月她是教授，由此可以推断画线词为“晋升，升职”的意思。故选C。
4．What can we infer about Gerty from the last paragraph
A．She was satisfied with her later life.
B．She was in poor health all her life.
C．She died of a common disease.
D．She was very mentally strong.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She fought the disease for ten years，refusing to give up her research until the last few months of her life.”可知，即使与病魔作斗争，格蒂也没有放弃自己的研究事业，直到生命的尽头。由此可以推断，她有着十分顽强的意志力。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Dogs are our friends.Taking your dog to work with you can be great for 1 . That was what Steyaert，who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market learned after 2 her dog Nelson there. At first，she did so just to prevent him from being 3 during the day. She put a blanket in front of her stand so that Nelson could sit there 4 and take in everything around him.
Soon Steyaert realized that Nelson’s presence would 5 shoppers walking by. “He lifts his paw to greet people，” Steyaert said. “He knows how to steal their 6 .And people’s behaviour made me 7 . I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”
The 8 Nelson gets from strangers passing by varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love. Many people have 9 him over the years. Steyaert，in turn，has gained more 10 within her community. “It happens often that people 11 me through Nelson，” Steyaert said.
Besides interesting many shoppers，Nelson has also 12 some people. For example，one day a girl asked Steyaert if she could pet Nelson. She told Steyaert her dog had just passed away and that it was 13 to see and pet Nelson. That encouraged Steyaert to 14 her influential act of taking Nelson to her workplace.
While Nelson’s presence in the market 15 Steyaert’s sales，it’s their relationship that benefits much more from it. “He’s my best friend and always at my side，” Steyaert said.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。几年来，在露天市场卖女装的斯泰耶特都带着她的狗狗纳尔逊去上班，纳尔逊吸引了很多路人的注意，给斯泰耶特带来了很多生意，也跟很多人成为朋友，甚至治愈了他们，更重要的是，这让斯泰耶特和纳尔逊的关系受益良多。
1．A.health B．business
C．education D．exercise
答案　B
解析　business生意；education教育；exercise锻炼。根据后文“who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market”可知，此处是指带狗上班对生意会很有好处。故选B。
2．A.training B．losing
C．bringing D．buying
答案　C
解析　train训练；lose失去；bring带来；buy购买。根据前文“Taking your dog to work with you”可知，此处是指带着狗去市场之后。故选C。
3．A.alone B．dirty
C．lazy D．impolite
答案　A
解析　alone孤独的；lazy懒惰的；impolite不礼貌的。根据“during the day”和“prevent him from being”可知，此处是指防止它在白天孤单。故选A。
4．A.quietly B．freely
C．curiously D．comfortably
答案　D
解析　quietly安静地；freely自由地；curiously好奇地；comfortably舒适地。根据“She put a blanket in front of her stand”可知，此处是指纳尔逊可以舒服地坐在那里。故选D。
5．A.terrify B．attract
C．rescue D．annoy
答案　B
解析　terrify使惊吓；attract吸引；rescue拯救；annoy使恼怒。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊的出现会吸引路过的顾客。故选B。
6．A.hearts B．customers
C．seats D．dreams
答案　A
解析　customer顾客；seat座位。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊知道如何偷走他们的心。故选A。
7．A.anxious B．disappointed
C．hopeless D．surprised
答案　D
解析　anxious焦虑的；disappointed失望的；hopeless绝望的；surprised惊讶的。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特感到惊讶。故选D。
8．A.skill B．encouragement
C．attention D．knowledge
答案　C
解析　skill技巧；encouragement鼓励；attention关注；knowledge知识。根据“varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指路过的陌生人对纳尔逊的关注度各不相同。故选C。
9．A.befriended B．chosen
C．forgotten D．raised
答案　A
解析　befriend成为……的朋友；choose选择；forget忘记；raise抚养。根据前文“from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指许多人都和它成为朋友。故选A。
10．A.income B．power
C．trust D．fame
答案　D
解析　income收入；power力量；trust信任；fame名气。根据后文“It happens often that people me through Nelson”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特在她的社区里获得了更多的名气。故选D。
11．A.guide B．recognize
C．contact D．praise
答案　B
解析　guide指导；recognize认识，认出；contact联络；praise表扬。根据“through Nelson”可知，此处是指人们通过狗狗纳尔逊认识主人斯泰耶特。故选B。
12．A.healed B．followed
C．partnered D．admired
答案　A
解析　heal治愈；follow跟随；partner成为搭档；admire钦佩。根据后文“She told Steyaert that her dog had just passed away...to her workplace.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊治愈了一些人。故选A。
13．A.interesting B．difficult
C．heartwarming D．discouraging
答案　C
解析　interesting有趣的；difficult困难的；heartwarming暖心的；discouraging令人沮丧的。根据“to see and pet Nelson”可知，此处是指看到并抚摸纳尔逊是一件很温暖的事。故选C。
14．A.change B．continue
C．reconsider D．record
答案　B
解析　continue继续；reconsider重新考虑；record记录。根据“That encouraged Steyaert”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特继续她的有影响力的行为。故选B。
15．A.cuts down B．subscribes to
C．tracks down D．contributes to
答案　D
解析　cut down减少；subscribe to赞成，订阅；track down追踪，查找；contribute to有助于，促成。根据前文可知，纳尔逊的出现吸引了很多顾客，有助于斯泰耶特的销售。故选D。
课时精练(二)
B卷(32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
The Oxford dictionary defines the word “success” as “an accomplishment of an aim” and “attaining fame，social status(地位) or wealth”．Is this how we measure success in life If you are rich，you’ll have people say “you have everything” or “you’re already successful in life” or a similar statement that means you have money and are well settled.There are many people who feel this way，while there are many who feel that success is not just having a lot of money.
The thing is，your concept of success is connected to your beliefs and values，and if your values tell you that success in life means money，then there is nothing that will change your mind.On the other hand，if your value system says that having money，stability，peace，happiness and contentment in your life are equally important，then you have an entirely different idea of success in life.There are a lot of people in this world that are wealthy.However，they are unhappy.There are a lot of people who do not make a lot of money，but are happy with what they have.
There are different kinds of people in the world，and each one has a different view on what being successful really is about.Here are a few common opinions about success.
Success in life means having money.
Success in life means winning games or competitions.
Success in life means achieving your goal.
Success in life means getting the job you wanted.
Success in life means owning a nice house，a good car and having all the costly comforts life has to offer.
Success in life means being famous.
Success in life means having influence，power and control.
Success in life means being free from insecurities，fears and wants.
The one thing that is common to the statements above is that they include accomplishment，attainment and fulfillment(实现)．Another thing is that it’s something you yearn for or that gives you an unspoken advantage over others.
1．Why is the definition of success in the Oxford dictionary mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To make practical suggestions.
B．To lead in the topic for discussion.
C．To clarify the exact meaning of success.
D．To compare different ideas about success.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。由第一段首句并结合后文作者展开对成功定义的阐述可知，第一段提到牛津词典对成功的定义是为了引入文章讨论的主题。故选B。
2．What can be inferred from paragraph 2
A．One’s value system matters a lot.
B．One should be grateful for what he has.
C．Success determines one’s beliefs and values.
D．Happy people are more likely to obtain success.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。由第二段的“The thing is，your concept of success is connected to your beliefs and values，and if your values tell you that success in life means money...”可知，一个人的价值观对定义什么是成功至关重要。故选A。
3．What does the underlined phrase “yearn for” in the last paragraph mean
A．Choose. B．Lack.
C．Desire. D．Achieve.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。由最后一段“The one thing that...above is that they include accomplishment，attainment and fulfillment(实现)．Another thing is that it’s something you yearn for or that...”可知，成就、造诣等都是人们渴望获得的，能带给人巨大的优势，推测画线短语表示“渴望”，与desire同义。故选C。
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．What Is the Concept of Success
B．How Can Success Be Achieved in Life
C．Can Success Really Bring Money in Life
D．Does Success in Life Mean Having Money
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。由第一段首句以及第三段开头“...each one has a different view on what being successful really is about.”可知，文章通过引用不同的观点来阐释成功的含义，所以“成功的概念是什么？”可以作为文章标题。故选A。
B
One of the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal.When describing his career，Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world”．
Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students.They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful.But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case.
Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal.They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”，or “Renaissance”．
The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students.They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes，some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.They are，in a way，learning how to be creative.
Having many interests，the Root-Bernsteins wrote，permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems.In fact，one important part of science is not discovering answers，but recognizing problems that need to be solved.
The prize winners，the Root-Bernsteins said，transfer skills，techniques and materials from one field to another. They said Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned from the clothing business.He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in operations to put new organs into people’s bodies.
The Michigan State professors study creativity.They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood，metal or in the arts than most scientists.The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up some of their outside interests，Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Michele Root-Bernstein和Robert Root-Bernstein研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者可以被称为“博学家”，或者“全才”。
5．What comes as a surprise to students according to the passage
A．Meldal’s winning Nobel Prize.
B．Meldal’s original working field.
C．Meldal’s desire to understand the world.
D．Meldal’s study with Michigan State University.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“When describing his career，Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he ‘wanted to understand the world’．”和第二段中“Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students.They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful.”可知，令学生们感到惊讶的是Meldal最初的工作领域。故选B。
6．What kind of people can be sorted as “polymaths” or “Renaissance”？
A．People who only concentrate on just one field.
B．People who are committed lifelong to their career.
C．People who are equipped with various interests.
D．People who are admired for established achievements.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段末“They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as ‘polymaths’，or ‘Renaissance’．”和第四段中“They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes，some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.”可推知，被归类为“博学家”或“全才”的人是有各种各样兴趣爱好的人。故选C。
7．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Root-Bernsteins’ discovery
A．Tolerant. B．Cautious.
C．Negative. D．Objective.
答案　D
解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第三段中“Having many interests，the Root-Bernsteins wrote，permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems.”和倒数第二段的“The prize winners，the Root-Bernsteins said，transfer skills，techniques and materials from one field to another.”可知，本文作者只是转述Root-Bernstein夫妇的发现，因此作者对于Root-Bernstein夫妇的发现持客观态度，故选D。
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．A Secret to Winning Top Prize
B．A Creative Scientist
C．A Born Nobel Prize Winner
D．An Amazing Rise to Fame
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal.They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as ‘polymaths’，or ‘Renaissance’．”可知，本文主要讲的是研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是博学多才的，这可以说是获得诺贝尔奖的秘诀，故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Being the Best: Common
Qualities of Nobel Prize Winners
We celebrate Nobel Prize winners for expanding knowledge，improving the planet，and enriching lives.These awards highlight significant contributions from intellectuals in advancing our progress. 1
Thinking outside the box.
2 It allows us to look past and think ahead.The limit of knowledge is our inability to observe the world and ideas in a new way.Albert Einstein，for example，revolutionized physics by looking beyond Newtonian concepts.Nobel Prize winners frequently display enormous amounts of open-mindedness.
Acting with persistence.
People somehow get the false impression that breakthroughs happen during a sudden moment of understanding.A light shining on their face，music bursts into the background，and the person immediately discovers some previously hidden answer.Although this scene is wonderful for movies，usually gaining new understandings is a much more complicated process. 3 Those who won Nobel Prize persist when others gave up.Only those with enormous amounts of persistence can work past these obstacles.
　4　
Cooperation motivates us，and allows us to consider alternative ideas.These activities create an atmosphere of creation and learning.Additionally，many Nobel Prizes are awarded to multiple people，since the work was accomplished by an assortment(各式各样的) of intellectuals working together.
These traits exist as similarities among Nobel Prize winners. 5 However，even if you do not achieve this admirable goal，you will indeed have a much greater chance of success in whatever you pursue.
A．Working in groups.
B．Considering alternative ideas.
C．Creativity is one of the most important human resources.
D．As for us，we can still learn from the common qualities of the winners.
E．Years of devotion，frustration，and even failure usually come before success.
F．Of course，displaying these qualities does not mean certainly winning a Nobel Prize.
G．The Nobel Prizes are the most significant awards given for extraordinary achievements.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔奖得主的共同品质，并激励我们学习这些品质从而取得成功。
1．答案　D
解析　根据上文可知，知识分子为了人类的进步做出了重大贡献，而下文则提到了这些知识分子的一些品质。选项D承上启下，引出下文所列举的这些品质。故选D。
2．答案　C
解析　根据下文内容可知，这些获奖者通常有创造性思维，思想非常开明。选项C与下文内容一致，指出创造力的重要性。故选C。
3．答案　E
解析　根据上文可知，成功并不像电影里展现的那么简单，它是一个更为复杂的过程。选项E承接上文，同时也引出下文内容，即诺贝尔奖获得者的成功离不开坚持不懈。故选E。
4．答案　A
解析　空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Cooperation motivates us，and allows us to...creation and learning.”可知，本段主要讲述的是合作学习或者说团体工作是非常重要的。选项A与下文内容一致。故选A。
5．答案　F
解析　根据空前一句可知，诺贝尔奖获得者大多拥有上文提到的品质。选项F延续上文内容，指的是虽然诺贝尔奖获得者大多拥有这些品质，但并不是拥有这些品质就可以获奖。同时引出下文，即便不能获奖，我们也可以学习这些品质，帮助自己成功。故选F。Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures—Non-restrictive relative clauses
阅读以下短文，感知每句话，完成下面的练习
①My classmate is named Li Meng，who is an easy-going boy.②He was born into a wealthy family，whose parents are doctors.③Li Meng studies hard and he is good at all the subjects，the best of which is maths.④Last week he won first prize in the Maths Competition，which made his parents full of pride.⑤However，there was a time when he disliked learning maths.⑥It was our maths teacher，who had a long talk with him，that informed him of the reason why we should learn maths well.
1．以上句子中含有非限制性定语从句的是句①②③④⑥，含有限制性定语从句的是句⑤。
2．非限制性定语从句用逗号隔开，而限制性定语从句不用逗号隔开。
一、非限制性定语从句的特点
1．The Chinese knot，which is a pretty decoration popular with Chinese，is usually hung in the sitting room of our home.
中国结通常挂在我们家的客厅，是受中国人欢迎的漂亮的装饰。
2．Soon we were busy preparing presents for our unexpected guests，who just wanted to stay warm on Christmas Day.
很快我们就忙着为我们的不速之客准备礼物，他们只是想在圣诞日取暖。
3．Last week，we took the foreign students to experience the authentic tea culture，which turned out to be extremely rewarding.
上周，我们带领外国学生体验了正宗的茶文化，结果证明非常值得。
总结：
二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
This is our headmaster，who I think has something crucial to tell you.
这是我们的校长，我认为他有非常重要的事情要告诉你。
Peter，whom you met in Beijing，is now back in his motherland.
彼得现在回他的祖国了，你在北京见过他。
He lived in a small town，which was surrounded with mountains.
他住在一个小镇上，小镇被群山环绕。
Mary couldn’t come to our party，which was a pity.
玛丽不能来参加我们的聚会，这真遗憾。
Mr White，whose son went to Tsinghua University last year，retired yesterday.
怀特先生昨天退休了，他儿子去年上了清华大学。
Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland，where he was buried in 1977.
卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。
He fled his hometown in 1992，when he was only 12 years old.
他于1992年逃离家乡，当时他只有12岁。
总结：
关系词 所指 所作成分
关系代词 who 指人 主语
whom 指人 宾语(不能省略，不能用who替代)
which 指代名词、代词、整个句子或主句的一部分 主语/宾语等
whose 指人或指物 定语
关系副词 where 通常是地点名词 地点状语
when 时间名词 时间状语
三、as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
As we all know，he studies very hard.
我们都知道他学习很用功。
The student，as was expected，achieved great success.
正如所期盼的，这位学生取得了巨大成功。
He is late for class again，as is often the case.
他上课又迟到了，情况经常如此。
I want to buy the house，which has a garden.(which指代the house)
我想买这座房子，它带有一个花园。
He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容)
他开会迟到了，主席为此非常生气。
总结：
as which
指代 所引导的定语从句只能指代整个句子的内容 所引导的定语从句既可指代名词、代词，又可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 所引导的定语从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后 所引导的定语从句只能位于主句之中或之后
意义 正如，正像 这一点，这件事
特别提醒as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下结构：
as we all know/as is known to all 众所周知，as is often the case 情况常常如此，as is hoped正如所希望的那样，as was expected/as we had expected正如所预料的那样，as has been stated above如上所述，as is mentioned正如所提及的。
四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
I have two foreign teachers，both of whom are from America.
我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。
The foreign teacher who/that comes from America teaches us literature.
从美国来的那位外教教我们文学。
This is the man，whom we talked about just now.
这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过的。
This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about.
这就是我们正谈论的那个人。
When you reach the village，you will first find a house whose windows are made of wood.
当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一所有着木窗的房子。
They enjoyed the beautiful scenery in the mountain area，where they also did some climbing.
他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景，在那里他们也做了一些爬山运动。
总结：
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，修饰特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整
结构要求 从句与先行词之间不加逗号 从句与先行词之间加逗号
功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个主句
引导词 所有的关系代词和关系副词 关系代词和关系副词，但是关系代词that和关系副词why除外
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词完成下面的短文
When Li Hua was young，he worked on an old farm,1.where there were few young people.He felt very lonely.He often walked near the village in his free time，hoping to talk to some villagers.One day，he came across an old man,2.who used to be a brave soldier when he was young.Li Hua found the old man so interesting that he made friends with him.Once，the old man told him his experiences in the battles，most of 3.which were very interesting.Li Hua was moved by the old man’s story and he decided to write a novel.As a result，the novel attracted so many people，among 4.whom was a young woman.The woman,5.whose husband was a famous director，was touched by that novel and recommended it to her husband.6.As we all know，a clever director won’t give up an interesting story.One year later，the film,7.which was adapted from that novel，became a big hit.
Ⅱ.完成下列读后续写片段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
看到凶猛的鳄鱼，我们发出惊恐的尖叫。同时，离我们不远的两名猎人听到了我们的尖叫声。他们冲到我们所在的地方。看到还在我身后的水中漂浮的鳄鱼，其中一个人朝空中开了一枪。正如所期望的，鳄鱼被吓跑了。然后，我昏倒了，这让两名猎人急忙把我送到医院。
Seeing the fierce crocodile，we let out screams of fright.Meanwhile，our screams were heard by two hunters 1.that/who were not far away from us.They dashed over to the place 2.where we were.On seeing the crocodile,3.which was still floating in the water behind me，one of them fired a shot in the air.4.As was/had been expected，the crocodile was frightened away.Then I passed out,5.which made the two hunters rush me to hospital.
课时精练(三)
A卷(83分)
Ⅰ.句型转换(用定语从句改写)(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)
1．The novelist got hurt in the accident and it made his wife so worried.
The novelist got hurt in the accident，which made his wife so worried.
2．I have a friend and his father fled to the mountains when he was young.
I have a friend，whose father fled to the mountains when he was young.
3．It has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.
As has been announced，we shall have our final exam next month.
4．We walked down the village street and people were having a market day there.
We walked down the village street，where people were having a market day.
5．The little boys were cleaning the windows and most of them were dirty.
The little boys were cleaning the windows，most of which were dirty.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共7小题；每小题4分，满分28分)
1．我们都知道，定期散步对我们的健康有很大的好处。
As we all know，walking regularly does a lot of good to our health.
2．她是第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们都很吃惊。
It is the third time that she has won the race，which has surprised us all.
3．金先生的双腿严重受伤，被迅速送往医院。
Mr King，whose legs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to hospital.
4．汤姆是一位著名导演，已经创作了很多优秀影片。
Tom，who is a famous director，has produced a lot of excellent films.
5．他是个有丰富经验的人，从他那里我们能学到很多。
He is a man of rich experience，from whom we can learn much.
6．我们要把远足延期到下周，那时我们就不会这么忙了。
We will put off the outing until next week，when we won’t be so busy.
7．教授有两个儿子，他们都对科学研究感兴趣。
The professor has two sons，both of whom are interested in scientific research.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Honeybees are in trouble.While they’ re crucial for promoting biodiversity and producing food for healthy human diets，honeybees face many threats，including habitat loss，climate change，air pollution and disease-causing organisms.
But now，there’s hope for helping honeybees fight back against one of the many stressors they face，a deadly infectious disease known as American foulbrood.To fight the disease，the U．S.Department of Agriculture approved for use the world’s first honeybee vaccine(疫苗)，developed by Dalan Animal Health.
Bacteria called Paenibacillus larvae cause American foulbrood，which kills honeybees while they are in the pupal(蛹的) or pre-pupal stage.Until now，there was no “safe and sustainable” way to prevent American foulbrood.The only treatment involved antibiotics(抗生素)，which are expensive，have limited effectiveness and take lots of time and energy for beekeepers to apply.To stop the spread，beekeepers are often forced to burn infected bees.That makes the vaccine a game changer.
“Our vaccine is a breakthrough in protecting honeybees，” says Annette Kleiser，CEO of Dalan Animal Health.“We are ready to change how we care for insects，impacting food production on a global level.”
Beekeepers will mix the vaccine，which contains dead P．larvae bacteria cells，into the food that worker bees eat.Then，when the worker bees produce their milky royal jelly(蜂王浆)，the queen will eat it and the vaccine.Then，the vaccine will protect her developing offspring from the disease.
Under a conditional license from the USDA，Dalan Animal Health now plans to distribute limited amounts of the vaccine to commercial beekeepers.From there，they hope to offer it for sale throughout the U．S.sometime this year.
The federal agriculture agency awards conditional licenses to products that meet an emergency，situation，limited market，local situation or special circumstance.The USDA requires products that receive these types of licenses to be pure and safe，and have a reasonable expectation of effectiveness.Generally，conditional licenses come with restrictions and cover a limited period of time.Once that period ends，the agency evaluates the product’s effectiveness to determine whether to renew the conditional license or award a regular product license.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国农业部批准使用世界上第一种蜜蜂疫苗。
1．What’s the function of the first paragraph
A．To stress the importance of honeybees.
B．To lead to the topic of the passage.
C．To list the threats honeybees face.
D．To arouse readers’ interest.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“Honeybees are in trouble...air pollution and disease-causing organisms.”及第二段“But now，there’s hope for helping honeybees fight back against...the world’s first honeybee vaccine(疫苗)，developed by Dalan Animal Health.”可推知，第一段主要介绍了蜜蜂目前面临的各种威胁，这是为了引出第二段美国农业部批准使用世界上第一种蜜蜂疫苗的文章主题。故选B。
2．Why is the vaccine called a game changer
A．Because it has changed the way we care for insects.
B．Because it’s the only treatment for American foulbrood.
C．Because it breaks through the limitations of the former treatment.
D．Because the previous treatment has no effectiveness.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The only treatment involved antibiotics(抗生素)，which are expensive...That makes the vaccine a game changer.”可知，蜜蜂疫苗出现前唯一的治疗方法有各种局限，而疫苗突破了这些局限，改变了目前的局面，因此这种疫苗被称为游戏规则改变者。故选C。
3．What does the “developing offspring” refer to in paragraph 5
A．Queen bees. B．Worker bees.
C．Adult bees. D．Young bees.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Then，when the worker bees produce their milky royal jelly(蜂王浆)，the queen will eat it and the vaccine.”及常识可知，蜂王是繁育后代的，所以蜂王吃下含有疫苗的蜂王浆可以保护它未来产下的后代避免这种疾病。由此可知，画线词组developing offspring指的是年轻的蜜蜂。故选D。
4．What do we know about “conditional licenses” in the last two paragraphs
A．They are in effect within a period of time.
B．They can be renewed with no strings attached.
C．They guarantee the full effectiveness of products.
D．They promote the commercial success of honeybee vaccine.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Generally，conditional licenses come with restrictions and cover a limited period of time.”可知，有条件的许可证仅在有限的时间内有效。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Tiger Parents Do No Good to Kids’ Development
Digging through kids’ school bags，looking up all the assignments，sitting beside them going through each item，and finally 1. (have) all the homework checked with a name signed is a daily routine for most Chinese parents，as 2. (require) by teachers.A demanding task especially after a long day’s work at office，isn’t it？3. (luck)，some parents in Jinhua，Zhejiang Province，have been liberated.A local primary school has recently announced that parents will no longer have to sign their names on their kids’ homework，as students should be responsible 4. their own assignments.
Making mistakes is 5. essential part of the process of understanding.Who cares how much you 6. (score) in your homework after you have settled down in life and found your directions？The 7. (able) to realize one’s mistakes and learn from them is what matters,8. is also the main purpose of education.Why not give students a chance to find out and correct their mistakes themselves
It is by no means parents’ duty to go through the kids’ assignments.9. parents are supposed to do is to create a friendly studying environment for kids，and teach them to be an independent learner.After all，independent learning is much 10. (important) than high scores.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。针对当下父母过多地参与孩子作业这一现象，本文告诉家长不要过多地参与孩子的学习，而是应该让他们自己在错误中成长。
1．答案　having
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处与句中的动名词短语Digging through...，looking up...和sitting beside...并列作主语，故填having。
2．答案　required
解析　考查状语从句的省略。此处完整句为：...as they are required by teachers。当主从句主语一致，从句谓语中含有be动词时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。
3．答案　Luckily
解析　考查词性转换。此处表示“幸运的是”，此处是副词位于句首，修饰整个句子。注意句首单词首字母要大写。故填Luckily。
4．答案　for
解析　考查介词。此处指学生们应该为自己的作业负责。be responsible for对……负责，是固定搭配。
5．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。part是可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词。essential的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
6．答案　have scored
解析　考查动词的时态。句意：在你在生活中安定下来并找到自己的方向后谁还会在意你作业得了多少分？此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，故用现在完成时。
7．答案　ability
解析　考查词性转换。冠词后接名词，此处指认识自己错误的能力。 故填ability。
8．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。 空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指“认识错误并从中吸取教训的能力”，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。
9．答案　What
解析　考查主语从句的引导词。此处引导主语从句且在从句中作宾语，指父母应该做的事情，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填What。
10．答案　more important
解析　考查形容词的比较级。根据句中的than和分析句子结构可知，此处用形容词的比较级形式。故填more important。
课时精练(三)
B卷(35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Susan had always loved making clothes，spending her teenage years fashioning Vogue Patterns to wear to parties.However，life got in the way of taking her fashion dreams any further.
Susan worked as any staff from a waitress to a cook in an old people’s home，before getting a job at a charity.
“For some reason，the charity had to reduce my days.I thought I’d use the opportunity to take up an A-level on my extra day off，and of course I chose textile，” she said.“At last，I knew what I wanted to do with myself; I wanted to be creative.”
At the age of 61，Susan quit her job to follow her passion.“I loved learning all the different techniques like quilting，batik(蜡染)，pattern making，” she said.“I felt I was in my element，and getting my hands dirty with bleach(漂白剂) and dyes; I’d never felt happier.”
After an open day at the University of Northampton，she signed up to get a degree in fashion.Susan was a hit at university，and the teachers were impressed with her designs，which she described as female.Being picked for the Graduate Fashion Week show was the cherry on the cake.She said，“It was an unbelievable experience and I loved every minute of the show.It’s given me a taste of what I want to do next，and that’s to work in the fashion industry.”
To anyone else who has a dream they’ve never had the chance to complete，she has an important message.“I want to tell people to just have a go，” she said.“One step at a time，the journey of 1,000 miles starts with one step.Do what you can with what you’ve got and don’t let age be a barrier.I’m so glad I did the course—it’s given me a new lesson of life and shows you can really do anything.”
1．When Susan was young，she .
A．determined to become a designer
B．knew nothing about fashion
C．liked to design clothes very much
D．dreamed to work at a charity
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，苏珊年轻的时候非常喜欢设计时尚的衣服。故选C。
2．What does the underlined sentence “I was in my element” mean
A．I made a big decision in life.
B．I was used to the environment.
C．I made myself feel uncomfortable.
D．I did what I was good at.
答案　D
解析　句意理解题。根据第四段中“I loved learning all the different techniques ...I’d never felt happier.”可知，苏珊非常喜欢设计和制作衣服，故画线句句意为“我做了自己擅长的事”。故选D。
3．What are Susan’s designs like
A．They are connected with women.
B．They are different from those of others.
C．They reflect her attitude towards life.
D．They show the signs of natural beauty.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，苏珊的设计都是和女性有关的。故选A。
4．What can we learn from Susan
A．Find your own dream.
B．Never give up your dream.
C．Start your life one step at a time.
D．A step is the beginning of a journey.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，我们从苏珊的故事中了解到只要有梦想就要去追求，千万不要放弃梦想。故选B。
B
(2024·山东潍坊期中)
The 97-year-old botanist，Margaret Bradshaw，is the chief caretaker of Teesdale’s rarest flowers.“Everything about Teesdale is unique，” says Bradshaw with pride—and the authority of someone who has just written a 288-page book on the subject.Bradshaw has been recording rare plants here since the early 1950s and has witnessed great decreases.Her data was the first to prove that—and the need to do something about it.
The main reason for the decrease of these plants is an unusual one.The number of sheep in Teesdale had been reduced by half by 2000，as the uplands were generally believed there were too many sheep.Bradshaw says while sheep are hunted in some upland areas，reducing herding in Teesdale has been destructive.Longer grass overshadows the delicate(娇嫩的) flowers，taking away the light they need to grow.As a result of her findings and her work with farmers who herd the land—as well as Natural England，which manages it—sheep numbers are increasing and the timing of herding is being carefully managed.This has led to the partial recovery of some plants.
At 93，she set up Teesdale Special Flora Research and Conservation Trust to record rare plants.A keen horse rider，at 95，she did a 55-mile horse journey across Teesdale，raising almost $ 10,000 for the Trust.When asked about the secret to longevity，“Just keep going，” she says.“Keep at it.Don’t sit down and just watch TV.”
“I recognise I’m getting older and I’ve been trying to get more people to take over and do the records.They don’t believe I won’t be here forever，” Bradshaw says.Despite Bradshaw’s guardianship of this land，and the love and energy she has put into saving it，the future here is unknown.The last words of her book speak to this endless loss.“This is our heritage，this unique plant species，mine and yours，” she writes.“In spite of trying，I have failed to prevent its decrease，now it is up to you.”
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了97岁的植物学家玛格丽特·布拉德肖 Margaret Bradshaw 是提斯代尔最稀有花卉的主要看护人，她希望让更多的人接力保护这一自然遗产。
5．What is Margaret Bradshaw’s main work with the rare plants
A．Writing a book.
B．Preventing their decrease.
C．Collecting their data.
D．Directing farmers to grow plants.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bradshaw has been recording rare plants here since the early 1950s and has witnessed great decreases.Her data was the first to prove that—and the need to do something about it.”可知，布拉德肖关于珍稀植物的主要工作是收集它们的数据。故选C。
6．What contributed to the reduction of rare plants in Teesdale
A．Not enough sheep. B．Lack of fund.
C．Poor management. D．Too many sheep.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“The main reason for the decrease of these plants is an unusual one.The number of sheep in Teesdale had been reduced...Longer grass overshadows the delicate(娇嫩的) flowers，taking away the light they need to grow.”可推知，没有足够的羊吃草导致了提斯代尔稀有植物的减少。故选A。
7．What can we learn from Bradshaw’s words in the last paragraph
A．Unity brings strength.
B．Many hands make light work.
C．Youthful at heart，regardless of age.
D．Advance what the forerunners began.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和最后一句可推知，布拉德肖希望更多人参与记录和保护工作，推进先行者开创的事业。故选D。
8．Which might be a suitable title for the text
A．Teesdale：Home to Rare Plants
B．Battling for Teesdale’s Wildflowers
C．Bradshaw：A 97-Year-Old Gardener
D．Exploring Teesdale’s Unique Plants
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。通读文章，尤其根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章主要讲的是玛格丽特·布拉德肖为守护提斯代尔的最稀有花卉所作的努力以及她希望更多人参与这一事业的呼吁。故B选项“为提斯代尔的稀有花卉而奋斗”适合作文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
It was a regular day for volunteer firefighter Matt Owens.As he drove home from visiting a friend，he 1 a little baby magpie(喜鹊) on the side of the road.He had no idea how special that bird would be when he 2 to investigate.Finding she had blood all over，Matt 3 her in his hands and took her home.
His neighbour，a vet(兽医)，examined the injured chick 4 and pronounced that if she made it through the night，she’d be all right.Matt was excited the following morning to 5 his new rescue，now named Swoop，was indeed alive.
Matt’s major 6 while Swoop recovered was his cat Mogli.Anyway，cats eat birds.It’s 7 .So he kept Swoop high up on a table.However，much to his 8 ，the cat wasn’t eyeing Swoop up for lunch.Instead，the two were often seen lying on the sofa，fast asleep.
Meanwhile，Matt started 9 her，teaching her how to hunt for insects and slowly helping her build her 10 in flying.
Matt 11 her progress and her unusual friendship with Mogli online，which went 12 .The one-in-a-million 13 of feather(羽毛) and fur won many netizens’ hearts.
Despite his love for Swoop，Matt 14 that people shouldn’t pick up baby magpies if there’s no 15 of injury and the best thing to do is leave them there.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马特将一只受伤的小喜鹊带回家，令人吃惊的是喜鹊和马特的猫建立了非同寻常的友谊，马特也非常喜欢这只小喜鹊，尽管如此，马特还是建议人们不要带小喜鹊回家，除非它们受伤。
1．A.treated B．deserted
C．spotted D．scared
答案　C
解析　根据“As he drove home from visiting a friend”可知，此处是指马特在开车回家时无意中发现一只小喜鹊。故选C。
2．A.pulled over B．held back
C．broke down D．sped up
答案　A
解析　pull over靠边停车；hold back抑制；break down坏掉，崩溃；speed up加速。根据“to investigate”可知，马特停车去看是什么情况。故选A。
3．A.trapped B．patted
C．comforted D．cupped
答案　D
解析　根据“Finding she had blood all over”和“in his hands”可知，马特小心翼翼地把小喜鹊捧在手里，然后把她带回家。故选D。
4．A.hurriedly B．willingly
C．curiously D．carefully
答案　D
解析　根据“pronounced that if she made it through the night，she’d be all right”可知，兽医对小鸟进行了仔细的检查。故选D。
5．A.wish B．find
C．perceive D．believe
答案　B
解析　根据“Matt was excited”和“his new rescue，now named Swoop，was indeed alive”可知，第二天早上马特发现小鸟还活着，所以很激动。故选B。
6．A.concern B．fault
C．decision D．delight
答案　A
解析　根据下文“Anyway，cats eat birds.”可知，小喜鹊恢复期间，猫最让马特担心。故选A。
7．A.routine B．mystery
C．education D．nature
答案　D
解析　根据“Anyway，cats eat birds.”可知，猫吃小鸟是猫的天性。故选D。
8．A.disappointment B．embarrassment
C．amazement D．sadness
答案　C
解析　根据上文可知，猫吃小鸟是天性，再结合“the cat wasn’t eyeing Swoop up for lunch.Instead，the two were often seen lying on the sofa，fast asleep”可知，猫的表现让马特很惊讶。故选C。
9．A.caging B．training
C．accompanying D．feeding
答案　B
解析　根据“teaching her how to hunt for insects”可知，马特开始训练小喜鹊。故选B。
10．A.character B．confidence
C．pride D．career
答案　B
解析　根据上文“Finding she had blood all over”可知，小喜鹊受了很重的伤，导致无法飞行；由此推知，马特训练喜鹊时帮助她建立飞行的信心。故选B。
11．A.translated B．exposed
C．revised D．posted
答案　D
解析　根据“online”可知，马特在网上发布了喜鹊的进步和她与猫的友谊。故选D。
12．A.viral B．blank
C．mad D．wrong
答案　A
解析　根据下文“won many netizens’ hearts”可知，它们的故事在网上走红。go viral“走红”是常用搭配。故选A。
13．A.membership B．leadership
C．friendship D．citizenship
答案　C
解析　根据上文“her unusual friendship with Mogli”可知，此处是指喜鹊和猫的友谊赢得了网友的心。故选C。
14．A.stressed B．complained
C．promised D．predicted
答案　A
解析　根据下文“that people shouldn’t pick up baby magpies if there’s no of injury and the best thing to do is leave them there”可知，这是马特给人们的忠告，即他强调的内容。故选A。
15．A.choice B．sign
C．way D．difference
答案　B
解析　结合马特将受伤的小喜鹊带回家和本句中的“of injury”可知，马特认为如果喜鹊没有受伤的迹象，最好让它们待在原来的地方。故选B。Section Ⅳ　Using Language (1) —Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
1．What’s the relationship between Anna and Wang Le
A．Classmates.
B．Colleagues.
C．Relatives.
答案　A
2．Why did Dr Wang want to be a doctor
A．To get high salaries.
B．To help people selflessly.
C．To set a good example to others.
答案　B
3．Who is Wang Le’s role model
A．Tu Youyou.
B．Alexander Fleming.
C．Florence Nightingale.
答案　A
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the material on P6 again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.
Dr Wang: Hi，Anna! Please come in.
Anna Smith: Hi，Dr Wang! Long time no see!
Dr Wang：Yes，so you’re here to see Wang Le
Anna Smith: Yes，we’re doing 1.a career-planning project together.
Wang Le：Hi，Anna!
Dr Wang: So I’ll leave you two alone...
Anna Smith: Please don’t go，Dr Wang.Actually，we 2.were planning to interview you.Do you have time now
Dr Wang：Me
Wang Le：Yes，Dad.We want to know what made you 3.choose your career as a doctor.
Dr Wang: That’s a good question.Well，long story short，I’ve always wanted to do great things and
help people，which might explain 4.why I entered this line of work.
Anna Smith: So were there any people who influenced you
Dr Wang: Oh，for sure.I would say people like Dr Zhong Nanshan，who managed the SARS outbreak back in 2003，and Dr Wu Mengchao，who 5.performed liver operations well into his 90s.
Anna Smith: So they were like your role models
Dr Wang: Yes，exactly.I admired them because I 6.saw the greatness in them.You two must have role models too，right
Wang Le: Yes，that’s right.One of mine is Tu Youyou，whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin.I really admire people like her.
Anna Smith: My personal heroes are Alexander Fleming，who discovered penicillin，and Florence
Nightingale，the founder of modern nursing.Countless lives were saved 7.due to their amazing work.
Dr Wang: Those are certainly some great people.I admire them too.
Anna Smith: So，Dr Wang，what advice do you have for us，the younger generation
Dr Wang: I think when you are young，it is very important to find out 8.what really interests you.Also，never lose interest in it when it seems a bit too hard for you.
Anna Smith: Thanks，Dr Wang，that’s really good advice! Successful people always push themselves to do difficult things.
Dr Wang: That’s right，Anna.They challenge themselves to 9.solve difficult problems.It helps them reach their goals and achieve great things.
Anna Smith: Yes，exactly! Thank you very much for your time，Dr Wang.You’ve been so helpful！Wang Le：And by the way，if we’re talking about people who do good things and inspire people—for me，it’s you，Dad...Section Ⅴ Using Language (2)—Reading for Writing
Activity 1　Read for details [细节把握]
Read the text and answer the following questions.
1．In which aspect did Albert Einstein make great achievements
A．Music. B．Medicine.
C．Physics. D．Chemistry.
答案　C
2．What can we infer from the passage
A．Einstein was a genius as well as an indifferent figure.
B．Einstein did well in the entrance exam for the first time.
C．Einstein used to work as a clerk in the USA.
D．Einstein didn’t care about his appearance or being famous.
答案　D
3．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage
A．To introduce Einstein’s contributions to the world.
B．To introduce Einstein’s winding life in Germany.
C．To show that Einstein is a genius in physics and maths.
D．To let the world know all about Einstein by his life and achievements.
答案　D
4．How does the writer develop the text
A．By time order.
B．By space order.
C．By analyzing cause and result.
D．By using specific figures.
答案　A
Activity 2　Read for structures [文章架构]
Which of the following shows the structure of the text
答案　B
Activity 3　Read for language features [增分靓句]
1．Read the text and find out the sentences with which the author describes a person.(读文章并找出人物描写的句子)
(1)Einstein was not only a genius; he was a courageous and kind figure loved by many people.(Para.1，人物评价)
(2)This gentle genius was born in Germany on 14 March 1879.(Para.2，人物出生介绍)
(3)After studying for another year，he managed to pass the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.(Para.2，接受教育介绍)
(4)In 1922，he was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.(Para.3，取得成就介绍)
(5)To the public，he was seen as a slightly odd-looking but kind and funny man.(Para.5，外貌描写1)
He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(Para.5，外貌描写2)
(6)On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.(Para.6，去世介绍)
2．Say what rhetorical devices are used in the following sentences.(说出下列句子用了什么修辞手法)
(1)Following this，he gradually became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.
类比
(2)Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.暗喻
(3)He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.拟人 明喻
(4)On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away.委婉语
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．Albert Einstein，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics，is often considered one of the smartest men(man) who ever lived.(P8 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句，who is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics是who引导的非限制性定语从句， 修饰先行词Albert Einstein；who ever lived是who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the smartest men。
汉语翻译：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦——这位也许是现代物理学领域最伟大的科学家——被公认是有史以来智商最高的人之一。
2．When he was 16，he tried to enter(enter) university in Switzerland，but failed due to his low scores in the general part of the entrance exam，despite obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics.(P8 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句，When he was 16是时间状语从句，but连接两个谓语动词tried和failed，表转折，obtaining exceptional scores in maths and physics是动词-ing形式作介词despite的宾语。
汉语翻译：16岁时，他报考瑞士的大学，尽管他在数学和物理方面取得了优异的成绩，但由于入学考试的通识部分分数较低，他未能如愿。
3．After studying for another year，he managed to pass(pass) the exam，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900.(P8 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是简单句，studying for another year作介词After的宾语，entering university in 1896 and graduating in 1900是动词-ing形式作状语。
汉语翻译： 经过又一年的学习，他终于通过了考试，于1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。
4．That same year，which was later recorded as a miracle year in science，he published four extraordinary physics papers(paper)．(P8 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词That same year。
汉语翻译：同年，他发表了四篇非同寻常的物理学论文，这一年后来被称为科学史上的奇迹之年。
5．Following this，he gradually(gradual) became famous throughout the world as the new Isaac Newton.(P8 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是简单句，Following this是动词-ing形式作状语。
汉语翻译：此后，他渐渐闻名于世，被誉为第二个艾萨克·牛顿。
6．Circumstances changed in 1933，when Hitler came to power in Germany.(P8 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句，when引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1933。
汉语翻译：1933年，希特勒在德国上台，形势发生了变化。
7．He had a thick moustache and long white hair，which sometimes stood on end as though he had just received an electric shock.(P8 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句，as though he had just received an electric shock是方式状语从句。
汉语翻译：他胡须浓密，头发又长又白，有时会像刚遭了电击似的竖起来。
8．There is even a story about how he helped a little girl who knocked on/at his door and asked for help with her homework.(P8 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，how he helped a little girl...是how引导的宾语从句，who knocked his door and asked for help是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a little girl。
汉语翻译：甚至还有一件轶事，说的是他如何为一名上门求助的小女孩讲解家庭作业。
9．In fact，Einstein often encountered people on the street who would stop him and ask him to help(help) explain things.(P8 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
汉语翻译：事实上，爱因斯坦经常遇到有人当街拦住他，请他解释各种事物。
10．On 18 April 1955，it was reported that Einstein had passed away，and the whole world mourned the great loss(lose) of a brilliant scientist.(P9 Para.6)
结构分析：此句是and连接的并列复合句，第一个分句中的it是形式主语，that Einstein had passed away是真正的主语。
汉语翻译：1955年4月18日，噩耗传来，爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出科学家的逝世而哀悼。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
独立主格结构
He made numerous contributions to the world，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.(P8 Para.1)
他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。
结构分析：此句是一个简单句，是主谓宾结构，the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2是独立主格结构，在句中作状语。
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独立主格结构，其逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。常见的独立主格结构有：
·名词/代词＋现在分词/过去分词/不定式
·名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语
·名词/代词＋名词
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
(1)女孩笑得很甜，眼里闪着兴奋的光芒。
The girl was smiling sweetly，her eyes sparkling with excitement.
(2)(应用文写作之口头通知)我们七点半在校门口集合，水果采摘活动将于8点整开始。
We shall get together at 7：30 at the school gate，the fruit-picking activity to start at 8 sharp.
(3)每天下午，一个背着一大担柴火的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚地走过。
Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back.
(4)她紧紧地闭上眼睛，双手抱着头。
She closed her eyes tightly，her head buried in her hands.
(5)(读后续写之动作链描写)下课了，兴奋的学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。
Class over，the excited students rose to their feet，grabbed their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like an arrow.
状语从句的省略
While working there，out of a strong passion for knowledge，he continued to study，earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.(P8 Para.3)
工作期间，出于强烈的求知欲，他仍继续学习，于1905年获得物理学博士学位。
结构分析：此句是复合句，While working there是状语从句的省略结构，完整句为：While he was working there；earning a doctorate in physics in 1905是动词-ing形式作状语。
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状语从句的省略条件：
·当when，while，before，if，unless，as if等词引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或状语从句中的主语为it且谓语中含be动词时，可同时省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
·省略句中非谓语的选用要根据动词和主语的关系：主动关系用现在分词；被动关系用过去分词；尚未发生用不定式。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)(读后续写片段)当想到狼的血盆大口，马克因害怕几乎昏厥。尽管吓得要死，马克挣扎着爬起来，拼尽全力把自行车扔向狼。
When thinking of the wolf’s bloody mouth，Mac nearly fainted with fright.Though frightened/scared to death，Mac struggled to crawl up and threw his bicycle at the wolf with all his strength.
(2)当有必要时，你可以向慷慨的教授寻求指导。
When necessary，you can turn to the generous professor for guidance.
(3)他张开嘴好像要说些什么，但是他摇了摇头，什么也没说就离开了。
He opened his mouth as if to say something，but he shook his head and left without a word.
(4)(应用文写作之求助信)如果可能的话，你能提供一些关于如何找到一个在线应用程序的建议吗？
If possible，could you provide some advice on how to find an online app
“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构
Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.(P8 Para.4)身为一个犹太人，爱因斯坦发现学术机构纷纷对他关上大门。
结构分析：此句是复合句，主句中含有“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，意为“发现……处于……状态”，who was Jewish是定语从句，修饰先行词Einstein。
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“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构的具体用法如下：
·find＋宾语(名词/代词)＋宾补
·find＋it＋宾补＋不定式
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(1)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)环顾四周，简发现她自己在陌生的树林里迷路了，她发现她的腿止不住地颤抖，她吓得直冒冷汗。同时她发现很难走出树林，最终，她控制不住自己，大声哭了起来。
Looking around，Jane found herself lost in the unfamiliar forest.She found her legs trembling uncontrollably and she was breaking out in a cold sweat.Meanwhile，she found it difficult/hard to walk out of the forest and finally，she couldn’t contain herself and burst out crying.
(2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)爸爸发现厨房混乱不堪，发现双胞胎既失望又沮丧。知道他们想做什么之后，他主动提出帮助他们做美味的早餐。
The father found the kitchen in a mess/messy and the twins disappointed and upset.After knowing what they wanted to do，he offered to help them cook a delicious breakfast.
(3)(2023·北京，书面表达)我的确希望你会觉得以上建议在构建“绿色北京”方面有用。
I do hope that you can find the above suggestions useful/of use in building a Green Beijing.
(4)我们上气不接下气地赶往她家，但发现她不在家。
We hurried to her house，out of breath，but we found her out.
本单元的写作任务是描述一个人物，即通过文字对人物的外貌、个性以及主要事迹和贡献进行描述和说明。
1．Born in...，...attended schools in...出生于……，……在……上学。
2．He had...hair and...eyes.他有……头发，……眼睛。
3．She is...with...eyes and...hair.她……，有……眼睛和……头发。
4．He/She is an outstanding man/woman with the name of...他/她是名字叫……的杰出男性/女性。
5．He/She studied at...and graduated from...他/她在……学习，毕业于……
6．Such a learned/strong-willed person is he/she that we all admire/respect him/her.他/她是如此博学/意志坚定的人，我们都钦佩/尊敬他/她。
7．He/She devoted all his/her life to the work.
他/她终生致力于工作。
8．He/She made great contributions to our country.他/她为我们的国家做出了巨大贡献。
9．He/She was highly thought of by many people.许多人对他/她做出了高度评价。
10．During her career life，she...在她的职业生涯中，她……
11．His story tells us that we should value what we have，and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life.他的故事告诉我们，我们应该珍惜我们所拥有的，尽力克服生活中的任何困难。
12．...will live in the hearts of us forever.……永远活在我们心中。
你校准备在新建的“名人长廊”中为每一位名人画像配上英语介绍，以便让同学们有更多的机会学习英语。请你根据以下信息写一篇短文介绍郎平。
1．郎平，1960年12月10日出生于天津市。1973年，13岁的郎平开始练习打排球；
2．1978年，因在全国排球比赛中表现突出，进入国家队；
3．从1980年起，郎平获得了很多荣誉及奖励；
4．退役后，郎平成为排球教练。2016年，郎平带领中国女排，时隔12年，在里约奥运会(the Rio Olympic Games)上获得金牌；
5．郎平是中国第一位作为球员和教练员均夺取奥运会冠军的排球运动员。
第一步　审题谋篇
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇　(含本单元词汇)
1．在……岁时at the age of...
2．承认某人为acknowledge sb as/to be
3．致力于be committed to...
4．中国女排the Chinese Women Volleyball Team
5．非凡的；显著的remarkable
6．不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的extraordinary
7．坚持 insist on
8．由于；因为 as a consequence of
9．因此；所以 consequently
10．众多的；许多的 numerous
11．担任；任职 take up a position
12．强大的 powerful
13．击败；战胜 defeat
14．以……为目标 with the objective of
15．显而易见；显然 apparently
连词成句　(含本单元句型)
1．郎平出生于1960年12月10日，是公认的非凡的排球教练。(并列句)
Lang Ping was born on Dec.10th,1960 and she is generally acknowledged to be a remarkable volleyball coach.
2．她在十三岁时就坚持练习打排球，由于她非凡的表现，几年后就进入了国家队。(at the age of; as a consequence of)
She insisted on practising playing volleyball at the age of 13 and joined the national team several years later as a consequence of her extraordinary performance.
3．她全身心投入排球中，因此，她获得了很多奖项。(obtain，committed)
She was committed to volleyball and consequently，she obtained numerous awards.
4．郎平从排球队退役后，担任排球教练。
After Lang Ping had retired from the volleyball team，she took up a position as a volleyball coach.
5．她的强大的球队打败了许多其他的球队。
Her powerful team defeated many other teams.
6．2016年，她带领中国女排以获得金牌为目标参加了里约奥运会，并且她们成功了。
In 2016，she led the Chinese Women Volleyball Team to take part in the Rio Olympic Games with the objective of winning the gold medal and they made it.
7．显而易见，郎平是中国第一位作为球员和教练员均夺取奥运会冠军的排球运动员。
Apparently，Lang Ping is the first volleyball player to win the Olympic championship as a player and coach in China.
第三步　句式升级
1．将句1改成非限制性定语从句
Lang Ping，who was born on Dec.10th,1960，is generally acknowledged to be a remarkable volleyball coach.
2．将句3改成动词-ing形式作状语
She was committed to volleyball，consequently，obtaining numerous awards.
3．用after doing改写句4
After retiring from the volleyball team，Lang Ping took up a position as a volleyball coach.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
Lang Ping，who was born on Dec.10th,1960，is generally acknowledged to be a remarkable volleyball coach.
She insisted on practising playing volleyball at the age of 13 and joined the national team several years later as a consequence of her extraordinary performance.She was committed to volleyball，consequently，obtaining numerous awards.After retiring from the volleyball team，she took up a position as a volleyball coach.Her powerful team defeated many other teams.In 2016，she led the Chinese Women Volleyball Team to take part in the Rio Olympic Games with the objective of winning the gold medal and they made it.
Apparently，Lang Ping is the first volleyball player to win the Olympic championship as a player and coach in China.
课时精练(四)
A卷(45分)
Ⅰ.完成句子(课文佳句仿写)(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)
1．李时珍，1518年7月3日出生于湖北省，是中国最杰出的医学家之一。(who引导的非限制性定语从句)
Li Shizhen，who was born in Hubei Province on July 3,1518，was one of the most outstanding medical scientists.
2．受家庭的影响，他发现自己迷上了医学。(find＋宾语＋宾补)
Influenced by his family，he found himself crazy about medicine.
3．时间允许的话，他致力于阅读无数关于医学的书籍。(独立主格结构)
Time permitting，he was committed to reading countless books about medicine.
4．在试验新药时，他会勇敢地在自己身上做实验。(状语从句的省略)
When/While testing new medicine，he would bravely do experiments on himself.
5．他仔细记下各种草药的每一个细节，最终创造了最伟大的作品《本草纲目》，这是一部中草药的集合。(take down，非限制性定语从句)
He carefully took down every detail of various herbs and finally created the greatest work Compendium of Materia Medica，which is a collection of Chinese herbs.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
In February，Dr.Robert Lefkowitz published a memoir(回忆录) called A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Stockholm: The Adrenaline-Fueled Adventures of an Accidental Scientist.As a physician and biochemist，Lefkowitz is a professor of biochemistry and chemistry at the Duke University Medical Center in Durham，North Carolina.
In a recent conversation via video，Lefkowitz said that he wanted his memoir to be “funny，interesting，and easy to understand”．In the book，Lefkowitz humorously describes his Journey from a cardiologist(or a heart doctor) to a biochemist.
Lefkowitz’s dream of becoming a doctor began when he was eight years old and growing up in the Bronx of New York City.After his father died of a heart attack，Lefkowitz made up his mind to be a cardiologist.He earned his medical degree at Columbia University.
Lefkowitz is no stranger to conducting experiments and making discoveries.He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Brian Kobilka.The two scientists were honored for their discoveries that could help unlock the secrets of many diseases.
When asked what played the most important role in his success，Lefkowitz mentioned about himself and he described himself as “reasonably intelligent and creative，hard-working，and not easily disturbed”．He added that being funny could also be very good for you and the people around you.
Before winning the Nobel Prize，Lefkowitz did countless experiments，and only 1 out of 50 turned out OK.“With difficult decisions I’ve had to make，I tend to make them with my heart rather than my head，” Lefkowitz said.“However，I don’t mean that deciding with your heart is always right.”
At age 78，the scientist has no plans for slowing down.“My body and mind are still working，” he said.“I want to continue running my lab at Duke University and writing and publishing research papers.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作为医生兼生物化学家的罗伯特·莱夫科维茨出版了关于自己职业生涯的回忆录。
1．What directly motivated Lefkowitz to be a doctor
A．His conversation with a cardiologist.
B．His father’s death from a heart attack.
C．His enthusiasm for a doctor’s memoir.
D．His poor physical health in childhood.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“After his father died of a heart attack，Lefkowitz made up his mind to be a cardiologist.”可知，莱夫科维茨的父亲死于心脏疾病直接促使他成为一名医生。故选B。
2．What is the key to Lefkowitz’s success in his own opinion
A．His good teamwork.
B．His family’s support.
C．His positive qualities.
D．His interest in research.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中“When asked what played the most important role in his success，Lefkowitz mentioned about himself and he described himself as ‘reasonably intelligent and creative，hard-working，and not easily disturbed’．”可知，在莱夫科维茨看来，他能够成功的关键是自己聪明，有创造力，勤奋，不容易被打扰，这些都是积极的品质。故选C。
3．What can we learn about Lefkowitz concerning his experiments
A．He suffered from a lot of failure.
B．He always succeeded as planned.
C．He considered them less challenging.
D．He couldn’t do them on his own.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中“Before winning the Nobel Prize，Lefkowitz did countless experiments，and only 1 out of 50 turned out OK.”可知，莱夫科维茨在实验中遭遇过许多失败。故选A。
4．Where is the passage probably taken from
A．A travel journal. B．A play review.
C．A short story. D．A science magazine.
答案　D
解析　文章出处题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍作为医生和生物化学家的莱夫科维茨出版了关于自己职业生涯的回忆录，故可推断，文章最有可能选自一本科学杂志。故选D。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你班本周Class Report的主题是A Man of Perseverance。请你写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1．人物事迹简介；
2．给你的启示。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning，everyone.Today，I’d like to share a story about a man of perseverance.
Thanks for your listening.
参考范文
Good morning，everyone.Today，I’d like to share a story about a man of perseverance.
Thomas Edison，the great inventor，faced numerous failures before his groundbreaking success.He made countless attempts to invent the electric light bulb，experiencing over a thousand failures.However，instead of giving up，he famously said，“I have not failed.I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.” His tenacity and refusal to accept defeat ultimately led him to success，forever changing the world.
This story teaches me a valuable lesson about perseverance.It reminds me that failure is not a reason to quit but an opportunity to learn and grow.It is through persistence that we can overcome obstacles and achieve our goals.
In conclusion，let us remember the words of Thomas Edison and embrace perseverance in our own lives.
Thanks for your listening.
课时精练(四)
B卷(32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
When Joel Bueno informed his parents that he wanted to play music just like his elder twin brothers，the couple were shocked.It seemed an impossible wish to satisfy their adorable boy.But then they found EyeHarp—a gaze-activated digital instrument that their son，diagnosed with cerebral palsy(大脑性瘫痪)，could play.Sitting in a hotel lobby about to go on stage，Joel says the EyeHarp—the name of the instrument as well as the company—brings him joy.But more than that，it enables him to express a range of emotions with others.
Zacharias Vamvakousis is the creative force behind EyeHarp.In 2008，he began looking into ways for disabled people to play music when a friend of his had a motorcycle accident that threatened his ability to play the guitar.It set him on a path that integrated(整合) his musical passion with his computer science skills.
EyeHarp became a mission.For many people with severe disabilities，expressing basic thoughts and feelings—let alone intentional creative expression—can be a challenge.But Dr.Vamvakousis’ combination of art and technology enables users to communicate from their soul by translating the smallest movements into musical notes on digital instruments of their choice.He created the not-for-profit EyeHarp Association in 2019，with the goal of making musical expression available to all.
The EyeHarp is in its fifth version.Now he’s focused on making the instrument as user-friendly as possible for music teachers and therapists(治疗师)．“Playing music is a process that requires studying and having music classes，” he notes.“So if we want it to reach many people，we have to reach first the music teachers.”
Globally，around 50 million people could benefit from augmented(增强的) and alternative communication technology，Dr.Vamvakousis estimates.Currently，he says，fewer than 2% are so equipped.So far，around 650 people are using either the basic or advanced versions of EyeHarp.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了 Zacharias Vamvakousis 开发的EyeHarp可以帮助残疾人演奏音乐表达情感、重燃人生希望的故事。
1．Why is Joel Bueno’s experience mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To show his passion for music.
B．To introduce a cure for a brain disease.
C．To praise his strong will against disability.
D．To present the function of a digital instrument.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，EyeHarp 帮助患有大脑性瘫痪的 Joel Bueno实现了演奏音乐的梦想，所以可推断，提到Joel的经历是为了展示一种数码乐器的功能。故选D。
2．What inspired Dr.Vamvakousis to invent EyeHarp
A．His sympathy for Joel Bueno.
B．His eagerness to help his friend.
C．His pursuit of becoming a musician.
D．His ambition to get a master’s degree.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，Zacharias Vamvakousis在他的朋友因遭遇车祸而无法弹吉他之后开始研究如何将音乐和电脑技术相结合，最终开发了 EyeHarp来帮助他的朋友。故选B。
3．What does Dr.Vamvakousis think of EyeHarp
A．It is thought poorly of.
B．It is an expensive device.
C．It has benefited millions of people.
D．It has an enormous potential market.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Globally，around 50 million people could benefit from...Currently，he says，fewer than 2% are so equipped.”可推知，Vamvakousis博士认为EyeHarp有一个巨大的潜在市场。故选D。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Music: A Good Way to Find Your Inner Voice
B．Zacharias Vamvakousis: A Creative Musician
C．EyeHarp: New Hope for Disabled Music Lovers
D．Joel Bueno: A Disabled Boy with Strong Willingness
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段内容可知，本文主要介绍了EyeHarp这一发明帮助残疾人演奏音乐来表达情感、重燃人生希望。故选C。
B
Graduation is a significant milestone for everyone.An 89-year-old man called Rene Neira had been trying to finish a degree since the 1950s.However，in the 1960s，he was so passionate about urban and economic development of the south side of San Antonio that he stopped school and got involved with the local government.From that time，one of his life goals was to earn a degree in economics.In 2017，the grandpa and his 19-year-old granddaughter both enrolled(入学) at the University of Texas at San Antonio.
“There were times when we would get lunch together，be in the library together，and just work silently side-by-side，” Melanie Salazar，Rene’s granddaughter，recalled.“He always had something to say，especially if his professors had different opinions than him，” Melanie said.“And there were often times when a professor would invite him to talk about the past.”
Rene’s college years weren’t easy.“He has worked very hard over time.Especially in recent years，with hearing loss and going through seasons of not having a car，there was a term where he had to take medical leave because he had a stroke，so he couldn’t go back to school that term，” said Melanie.
After four years，their hard work finally paid off—they graduated.Together，they stood on the stage.Everyone broke into applause and cheered for this fantastic pair.
Their story has been making waves online.People have nothing but good words for them.“Awww...I love stories like this.This was such a beautiful moment.Congratulations to both of them.Grandpa definitely demonstrated that one shouldn’t give up their dream no matter how long it takes，” one wrote.Another wrote，“I’m motivated to go back to school myself，thanks to his example.”
Rene had the determination to finish his degree even at an advanced stage in his life.Hard work，patience，and determination are the keys to success，especially when the path is not easy or clear.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位89岁的老人Rene Neira在2017年和他的19岁孙女一起入读得克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校的故事。这个故事告诉我们不论年龄多大，都不能放弃自己的梦想，努力、耐心和决心是成功的关键。
5．Why did Rene fail to get a degree when he was young
A．He was not interested in university life then.
B．He devoted himself to city development.
C．He needed to work to support his family.
D．He was not good at his school work.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，in the 1960s，he was so passionate about urban and economic development of the south side of San Antonio that he stopped school and got involved with the local government.”可知，Rene年轻时没有取得学位是因为他为了参与城市经济建设而放弃了学业。故选B。
6．How was Rene’s college life
A．It made him physically ill.
B．It was full of surprise.
C．It was smooth and plain.
D．It came with challenges.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Especially in recent years，with hearing loss and going through seasons of not having a car，there was a term where he had to take medical leave because he had a stroke，so he couldn’t go back to school that term”可知，Rene最近几年听力下降，又经历了几季没有车的日子，还曾经中风，所以他的大学生活充满艰辛和挑战。故选D。
7．What did people think of Rene’s experience
A．Admirable. B．Doubtful.
C．Funny. D．Pitiful.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中“People have nothing but good words for them.”以及“Grandpa definitely demonstrated that one shouldn’t give up their dream no matter how long it takes”以及“Another wrote，‘I’m motivated to go back to school myself，thanks to his example.’”可知，人们认为Rene的经历令人钦佩和赞叹。故选A。
8．What lesson can we learn from Rene’s story
A．Actions speak louder than words.
B．It is never too late to achieve one’s dream.
C．Genius without education is like silver in the mine.
D．A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据最后一段可知，文章通过Rene的经历阐述了一个道理：不论年龄多大，都不能放弃自己的梦想。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
An indoor garden has a positive impact on your life if you take care of them properly.However，if you fail to plan before starting one on your own，you may end up with a few problems. 1
Sun Conditions
Plants need an ample amount of sunlight for them to grow properly. 2 Before starting an indoor garden，make sure you’ve conducted a few weeks’ worth of observations about how sunlight behaves inside your home at different times of the day.This will give you an idea as to where your indoor garden is.
Space Availability
Obviously，the sun conditions would be useless if you don’t have enough space for the garden.That said，consider where the sunlight lands.You must also determine whether you can place a garden there. 3 Do it in such a way that you get to consider your plants’ sunlight needs while also maximizing the space of your home for other things.
Budget
You will spend a few dollars if you want to start an indoor garden.That’s a fact.This shouldn’t bother you，though. 4 The money you spent on gardening essentials will return in the form of not having to buy certain things in the market because you have one at home.Before starting an indoor garden，consider the budget you want for the garden.This will determine the containers and types of plants you can cultivate.
The world will always present us with many problems that can affect us physically，mentally，and emotionally.One great method for achieving a healthy lifestyle is by growing a garden. 5 Thanks to indoor gardening，you can have a slice of paradise in the city.
A．If not，you can try rearranging your home.
B．To avoid that，you need to consider a few things.
C．That means you should consider the availability of sunlight.
D．Without enough sunlight，all living things wouldn’t survive.
E．Besides，you must consider how to shelter your garden in the sun.
F．That’s because，in the long run，indoor gardens are actually money-savers.
G．Living in the city is not a problem for people with green fingers anymore.
1．答案　B
解析　根据上句“...if you fail to plan before starting one on your own，you may end up with a few problems.”以及后文提到建立室内花园需要考虑的三个方面的问题可知，设空处应为为了避免出现问题，应该怎么办，B项(为了避免这种情况，你需要考虑几件事)承接上文，并引出下文。故选B。
2．答案　C
解析　根据本段的小标题Sun Conditions以及设空处上句“Plants need an ample amount of sunlight for them to grow properly.”可知，设空处承接上句，说明需要考虑是否有充分的阳光。C项(这意味着你应该考虑阳光的可用性)合乎题意。故选C。
3．答案　A
解析　根据上句“You must also determine whether you can place a garden there.”可知，设空处应承接上句，说明室内花园的定位。再由后文“Do it in such a way...”可知，空处会涉及一种安排方式。A项(如果不能的话，你可以尝试重新布置你的家)给出建议，且与后句相照应。故选A。
4．答案　F
解析　根据上句“You will spend a few dollars if you want to start an indoor garden.That’s a fact.This shouldn’t bother you，though.”可知，后句应该解释不会被初期的花费困扰到的原因。F项(这是因为，从长远来看，室内花园实际上是省钱的)解释其原因。故选F。
5．答案　G
解析　根据后句“Thanks to indoor gardening，you can have a slice of paradise in the city.”可知，设空处引出下文，并且与下文构成因果关系，说明室内花园的好处。G项(对于有园艺技能的人来说，住在城市里不再是问题)符合题意。故选G。

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