资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1．demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明
2．witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人
3．identical adj.相同的
4．cheek n．面颊；脸颊
5．bow vi.鞠躬；点头vt.低(头) n．弓；蝴蝶结
6．waist n．腰；腰部
7．barrier n．隔阂；障碍
8．incident n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
9．trial n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用
10．twin adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的n.孪生之一；双胞胎之一
11．internal adj.内部的；里面的
12．pose n．故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势vi.摆好姿势vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
13．bend vt.& vi.(bent，bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向
14．reveal vt.揭示；显示；露出
15．clarify vt.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
16．lower vt.把……放低；降低；减少adj.下面的；下方的；较小的
17．imply vt.意味着；暗示
18．stare vi.盯着看；凝视n.凝视
19．ceiling n．天花板；上限
20．perceive vt.察觉；看待；理解
21．chest n．胸部；胸膛
22．merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过
23．bother vi.& vt.费心；麻烦；因……操心n.麻烦；不便
24．weep vi.& vt.哭泣；流泪
25．conflict n．矛盾；冲突vi.冲突；抵触
26．ultimately adv.最终；最后
27．component n．组成部分；零件
28．tone n．语气；腔调；口吻
29．by contrast相比之下
30．by comparison (与……)相比较
31．make inferences推理；推断
32．break down消除；分解；打破
33．straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐
34．in other words换句话说；也就是说
35．call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
36．at work有某种影响；在工作
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→interactive adj.合作的；交互式的；互动的→interact vi.相互交流；相互影响
2．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化；种类
3．appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的→inappropriate adj.不恰当的；不合适的→appropriately adv.恰当地；合适地
4．approve vi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的
5．employ vt.使用；应用；雇用→employee n．雇员；受雇者→employer n．雇主；雇用者→employment n．雇用；聘用
6．interpret vt.把……理解(解释)为vi.& vt.口译→interpretation n．解释；口译→interpreter n．传译员；口译者
7．differ vi.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的；有差异的→difference n．差别；差异
8．favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n.帮助；恩惠；赞同→favo(u)rable adj.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的
9．anger n．愤怒；怒气vt.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的→angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地
10．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely vi.依赖；信赖
11．slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly adv.略微；稍微
12．assessment n．评价；评定→assess vt.评估；评价
13．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate vt.教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育
14．tendency n．趋势；倾向→tend vi.倾向于；有……的趋势vt.& vi.照料；护理
15．barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的
16．occupy vt.占据；占用→occupied adj.有人使用的；忙于……的；被占领的→occupation n．占领；职业
17．distract vt.分散(注意力)；使分心→distracted adj.注意力分散的；思想不集中的→distracting adj.令人分心的；使人心烦意乱的→distraction n．分散注意力的事；使人分心的事
18．distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的
19．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦虑地
20．embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj.使人难堪的；令人尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫；使尴尬→embarrassment n．尴尬
21．ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的
22．inquire vi.& vt.(＝enquire)询问；打听→inquiry/ enquiry n．询问；巡查
23．adjust vt.调整；调节vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
24．react vi.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction n．反应；作用
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．Not knowing each other’s languages，they communicated entirely by gesture.
n.手势；姿势；姿态
2．Fake designer watches are sold at a quarter of the price of the genuine article.
adj.假装的；假的；冒充的
3．Not only human beings but also animals communicate in nonverbal ways in addition to verbal ones.adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的
4．My mother frequently reminds me to sit up straight rather than slump.vi.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)
5．I wound up the watch and listened to it tick.vi.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声
6．He cupped her chin in the palm of his hand. n．下巴
7．The security forces had to intervene to prevent the situation worsening. vi.干预；介入
vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变(various adj.不同的；各种各样的variety n．多样性；变化；种类)
vary from...to...在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等
a variety of/varieties of＝various多种多样的
(1)You can enjoy various entertainments in the theme park，varying from pirate ships to roller coasters.(vary)
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之活动安排)如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，比如爬长城、参观颐和园等。
If you travel to Beijing，I will arrange a variety of/varieties of/various activities，such as climbing the Great Wall，visiting the Summer Palace and so on.
approve vi.赞成，同意 vt.批准；通过(approval n．赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准approving adj.赞许的；许可的)
approve of (sb/sb’s) doing sth赞成/同意某人做某事
meet with one’s approval得到某人的赞许
give one’s approval to sth批准某事；同意某事
(1)I do hope that my suggestions will meet with your approval(approve)．
(2)Unexpectedly，he gave an approving nod；that’s to say，my plan to pay a visit to Xi’an was approved.(approve)
[写作佳句]
(3)(2021·新课标 Ⅰ，读后续写)父亲同意这对双胞胎准备母亲节早餐，并且主动提出帮助他们。当看到早餐时，这位高兴的母亲向双胞胎投去赞许的目光。
The father approved of/gave his approval to the twins/the twins’ preparing a Mother’s Day breakfast and offered to help them.When seeing the breakfast，the delighted mother gave the twins an approving look.
differ vi.不同于，相异，意见不一致 [different adj.不同的difference n．不同(之处)]
differ from...in...与……在……方面不同
be different from...(in...)与……(在……方面)不同
make a difference有影响；很重要
make no difference to...对……没影响；对……不重要
tell the difference between A and B区分A与B的不同
(1)(2023·全国甲)Different(difference) from traditional fables，Carson’s story ends with an accusation(谴责) instead of a moral.
[写作佳句]
(2)(2020·全国 Ⅰ，书面表达)我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他在教学方面与其他老师不同。在我们的学习上，他的先进的教学方法对我们学生有巨大影响。在我们的日常生活中，他教我们如何明辨是非。
The person I respect most is my head teacher who/that differs from/is different from other teachers in teaching.In our studies，his advanced teaching methods make a great difference to us students.In our daily life，he teaches us how to tell the difference between right and wrong.
favour n．帮助；恩惠；赞同；偏袒 vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于(favourable adj.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的)
in favour of支持，赞同
do sb a favour/do a favour for sb帮某人一个忙
ask sb a favour/ask a favour of sb请某人帮个忙
(1)(2020·新课标 Ⅰ，读后续写)John’s mother was in favour of his idea to help Bernard out of the difficulty and she cast a favourable(favour) look to her son.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之结束语)如果你有任何问题，不要犹豫来找我帮忙。
If you have any questions，don’t hesitate to ask a favour of me/ask me a favour.
(3)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)意识到发生了什么，我焦急地大步走向悲伤的大卫，决定帮助他。
Sensing what had happened，I strode to sad David with anxiety，determined to do him a favour/do a favour for him.
break down消除；分解；打破；发生故障；失败；镇压
break in打断；插嘴说；闯入
break into闯入；强行进入；突然开始做(某事)
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生
break up分解；解散；破裂
break away from脱离，放弃
(1)No one knew for sure how the fire broke out last night，which burnt the building to the ground.
(2)We broke up ten months ago and we were overwhelmed with grief.So when we ultimately broke down our long-standing barriers，we broke into tears.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)我插嘴说：“爸爸，这是我工作所得的钱，我想这会帮到你。”听到这些，父亲情绪失控了，忍不住流下了泪水。
I broke in，“Dad，here is what I received for my work.I think it would help you.”Hearing that，my father broke down and couldn’t help shedding tears.
(4)(读后续写之愤怒心理描写)决定脱离他的家庭，他愤怒地跑出房子，消失在夜色中。
Determined to break away from his family，he ran out of the house in anger and disappeared into the night.
anger n．愤怒；怒气vt.使生气；激怒(angry adj.生气的；愤怒的angrily adv.生气地；愤怒地)
in anger＝angrily 生气地
hold back/contain one’s anger 抑制某人的怒火
be filled with anger＝be full of anger充满怒气
to one’s anger 使某人生气的是
control one’s anger 控制某人的愤怒
(1)He spoke angrily(anger)，“I’ll never come back.” Then he stormed out of the room，slamming the door behind him.
(2) To my anger，he didn’t perform the task as told.
＝That he didn’t perform the task as told angered(anger) me.
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之情绪描写)我满怀愤怒，僵在那里，说不出话来。(形容词短语作状语)
Filled with anger/Full of anger，I froze there，tongue-tied.
(4)我如此生气以至于我几乎不能抑制我的愤怒，我的声音不受控制地颤抖。
①I was so angry that I could barely control/hold back/contain my anger and my voice trembled without control.(运用so...that...句型)
②So angry was I that I could barely control/hold back/contain my anger and my voice trembled without control.(运用倒装结构)
in other words 换句话说；也就是说
in a/one word总之，简言之
have a word with与……谈一谈
have words with与……吵嘴
break one’s word失信，食言
keep one’s word遵守诺言
(1)The other day she had words with(与……吵嘴) her husband because he broke his word(食言)．After calming down，the husband decided on having a word with(与……谈一谈) his wife sincerely and promised to keep his word(遵守诺言) no matter what happened.
(2)They refused to employ him.In other words，he didn’t get the job.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2023·上海1月，书面表达)总之，只有你组织一些有趣的话题，创造一个和谐的学习环境，我们才能积极参与英语口语课。(“only＋状语”位于句首引起的倒装句)
In a word，only if you organize some interesting topics and create a harmonious learning environment can we take an active part in the oral English class.
anxiety n．忧虑，担心；渴望(anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的anxiously adv.焦虑地)
with anxiety焦虑地
be anxious to do sth 急于做某事
be anxious for/about sb/sth 为……担心/忧虑
(1)As August draws to a close，the student is more anxious to receive(receive) his admission notice.
(2)She was anxious about/for the safety of her husband，who was a volunteer in the flood area.
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之情绪描写)夜幕降临，我们站在山脚下，焦急地等他回来。
The night fell and we stood at the foot of the mountain，waiting for his return with anxiety.
(4)(应用文写作之求助信)随着高考的临近，我如此焦虑以至于睡不好觉。
With the approach of the college entrance examination，I am so anxious that I can’t sleep well.
embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的(embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情embarrass vt.使难堪，使尴尬embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的)
be/feel embarrassed to do sth因做某事感到尴尬
be/feel embarrassed about/at...因……感到难为情/不知所措
to one’s embarrassment让某人尴尬的是
(1)Embarrassed(embarrass) and ashamed，she opened her mouth with her eyes widening and face turning red.
(2)(2021·浙江1月，读后续写) To my embarrassment(embarrass)，my head was stuck in the huge pumpkin.
(3)I was embarrassed about/at making such a silly mistake in public.
[写作佳句]
(4)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)学校教练担心如果他在越野赛中失利，大卫会因受到来自其他学校孩子的嘲笑而感到尴尬。
The school’s coach was afraid that David was/felt embarrassed to be laughed at by kids from other schools if he failed in the big cross-country run.
ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧(shame n．羞耻；羞愧；遗憾的事shameful adj.可耻的shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的)
be ashamed of...为……而感到羞耻
be ashamed to do sth羞于/耻于做某事
be ashamed that...对……感到羞愧
It’s a shame that...……真让人遗憾。
What a shame/pity！真遗憾！
(1)(应用文写作之道歉信)I am ashamed to cause(cause) you so much trouble and please accept my sincere apology.
[写作佳句]
(2)很遗憾，因为有个不速之客，我不能和你一起欣赏早春的美景了。
It’s a shame that I can’t enjoy the beautiful scenery of early spring with you because of an unexpected visitor.
(3)(读后续写之心理描写)她的脸上泛起了红晕，头轻轻地垂着，眼角上闪着羞愧的泪光。
Her face flushed，her head was hanging gently，and tears of shame were shining from the corners of her eyes.
(4)(读后续写之心理描写)我为自己犯了愚蠢的错误感到羞愧，觉得好像有一把刀刺进了我的心，泪水模糊了我的眼睛。
Ashamed of the silly mistake I had made/Ashamed that I had made the silly mistake，I felt as if a knife were piercing my heart and tears blurred my eyes.(形容词短语作状语)
call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
call for需要
call up给……打电话；使回忆起
call back回电话；收回
call in请来；召来
call off取消
(1)(2022·全国甲，书面表达)I call on the government and individuals to make(make) contributions to ocean protection.
(2)The old scarf called up memories of my old friend.So I called him up and made an appointment to meet at the Renmin Square.
(3)(2020·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)Whatever happened，Bernard would never call off the plan to sell popcorn from door to door.
[写作佳句]
(4)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)这对双胞胎在准备母亲节早餐上有很大困难，因此，他们请来父亲帮助他们。父亲和蔼地告诉他们：“做一顿美味的早餐需要极大的耐心和一些技能。”
The twins had great difficulty preparing a Mother’s Day breakfast，so they called in their father to help them.The father told them kindly，“Cooking a delicious breakfast calls for great patience and some skills.”
adjust vi.& vt.调整；(使)适应(adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的adjustment n．调整；调节；适应)
adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth(使某人)适应(做)某事
make an adjustment/adjustments (to sth)(对……)做出调整
(1)I am writing to turn to you for advice on how to adjust to school life.
[写作佳句]
(2)(应用文写作之结束语)如果你有任何问题，请主动联系我以便我可以调整先前的安排。
If you have any questions，don’t hesitate to contact me so that I can make adjustments to/adjust the former arrangements.
Ⅰ.一词多义
break down A.打破，消除　B. 身体等 垮掉　C. 机器等 出故障　D. 谈判等 失败　E.使分解
1．My car broke down and my kind-hearted neighbor did me a favour to repair it. C
2．This kind of chemical can break down dead animal and vegetable matter into nutrients. E
3．The hard-working educator’s health broke down under the pressure of work. B
4．Judging from his tone，talks between the two sides have broken down. D
5．(2020·天津)Jones’ idea has been fully realized—the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello. A
bother A.费心　B.使烦恼　C.打扰
6．Don’t bother me while I am reading. C
7．He didn’t bother to answer the question. A
8．You needn’t bother yourself with small things. B
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．These new problems pose a challenge to all of us students.造成(威胁、问题等)
2．(2023·全国甲)Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.使用
3．His work occupies him for the whole day.使忙碌
课时精练(一)
A卷(47.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1．Seeing the adorable kid，the woman bent to kiss his face gently.
2．The journalist has demonstrated that he has the ability to perform his job perfectly.
3．Now that she is occupied with her work，I don’t want to bother her with my problems.
4．How people react to the event will influence our final assessment.
5．Employed in designing a theme park，the engineers had no holiday.
6．My reliable(可靠的) friend can constantly come up with splendid ideas to solve problems.
7．Hearing the result of the trial，she couldn’t help weeping(哭泣) aloud.
8．I am writing to inquire(打听) about why my son came into conflict with his classmate.
9．The incident that happened just now is distracting(使分心) me from my work.
10．I perceived that the boy was staring(凝视) at me.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．In my spare time，I will take exercise，varying(vary) from cycling a bike to jogging in the neighborhood.
2．He told me angrily(anger)，“Only you haven’t done the task ahead of time.”
3．The washing machine seems to have broken down again.
4．Judging from his approving(approve) expression，I knew that he was in favour of my idea.
5．He revealed my personal life in public，which made me very embarrassed(embarrass)．
6．My friend is a distinguished(distinguish) professor at Peking University.
7．Every day I will cycle for an hour to lose weight because I am so ashamed(shame) of my figure.
8．I will adopt his suggestions on how to make an adjustment(adjust) to the former plan.
9.By contrast，American English is different(differ) from British English in many small ways.
10．If you hadn’t had a word with him，he would not have made enormous progress.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
One school night this month I quietly approached Alexander，my 15-year-old son，and patted him on the cheek in a manner I hoped would seem casual.Alex knew better，sensing by my touch，which remained just a moment too long，that I was sneaking(偷偷地做) a touch of the beard that had begun to grow near his ears.Suddenly he went stormily to his computer screen.That，and an angry look of his eyes，told me more forcefully than words: Mom，you are seen through!
I realized I committed a silly behavior: not showing respect for my teenager’s personal space.“The average teenager has strong feelings about his privacy，” said two young women experts.Ms Frankel and Ms Fox，both 17，are the authors of Breaking the Code，a new book that seeks to bridge the generational divide between parents and adolescents.It is being promoted by its publisher as the first self-help guide by teenagers for their parents，a kind of Kids Are from Mars，Parents Are from Venus that explains the language and actions of teenagers.
Personally，I welcomed insights into teenagers from any qualified experts，and that included the authors.The most common missteps in interacting with teenagers，they instructed me，result from the conflict between parents maintaining their right to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers striving to guard their privacy.When a child is younger，they write，every decision centers around the parents.But now，as Ms Fox told me，“often your teenager is in this circle that doesn’t include you.”
Ms Fox and Ms Frankel acknowledge that teenagers can be quick to interpret their parents’ remarks as negative or authoritative and respond with aggressiveness that masks their defenselessness.“What we want above all is your approval，” they write.“Don’t forget，no matter how much we act as if we don’t care what you say，we believe the things you say about us.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《打破密码》这本书，这本书旨在弥合父母与青少年之间的代沟，对父母和青少年的相处提出了一些建议。
1．What does the underlined part “Kids Are from Mars，Parents Are from Venus” mean
A．A book sharing the same theme with Breaking the Code.
B．A book disapproving of opinions showed in Breaking the Code.
C．A book employing the same language style as Breaking the Code.
D．A book ranking right after Breaking the Code among self-help guides.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段画线部分前的“a kind of(类似，有点像)”和之后的“that explains the language and actions of teenagers”可推知，《孩子来自火星，父母来自金星》是一本和《打破密码》主题相同的书籍。故选A。
2．What do Ms Frankel and Ms Fox do with their book
A．Declare teenagers’ rights.
B．Help parents know teenagers better.
C．Remind parents of teenagers’ missteps.
D．Arouse much disagreement from the public.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ms Frankel and Ms Fox...seeks to bridge the generational divide between parents and adolescents.”和第三段中的“Personally，I welcomed insights into teenagers...included the authors.”可推知，弗兰克尔和福克斯通过她们的书帮助父母更好地了解青少年。故选B。
3．What often leads to conflicts between parents and teenagers based on the passage
A．Teenagers’ defense of their privacy.
B．Teenagers’ refusal to follow experts’ advice.
C．Parents’ striving to instruct teenagers.
D．Parents’ dislike in teenagers’ attitudes to life.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中作者描述的自己的亲身经历以及第三段中的“The most common missteps in interacting with teenagers，they instructed me，result from the conflict between parents maintaining their right to know what goes on under their roof and teenagers striving to guard their privacy.”可知，经常导致孩子和父母之间的冲突的是孩子想要保护自己的隐私。故选A。
4．What can be learned from the last paragraph
A．Teenagers always rush to judgement on others.
B．Parents often seek to create an authoritative image.
C．Parents’ opinions about teenagers count a lot to them.
D．Teenagers have good comprehension and defenselessness.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“‘What we want above all is your approval，’ they write.‘Don’t forget，no matter how much we act as if we don’t care what you say，we believe the things you say about us.’”可推知，父母关于孩子的看法对孩子来说很重要。故选C。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Body language，sometimes called “non-verbal communication”，is an important tool.The way you communicate through body language can determine your success in everything from relationships to your career.Up to 93% of communication can be non-verbal.Paying closer attention to the messages you send through body language can help you succeed. 1
Have good posture(姿势)．If you go to a job interview and you have bad posture，you’ll probably register more poorly to the interviewer.People will associate bad posture with weak confidence or boredom. 2 To have good posture，your head should be up and your back should be straight.Sit down the front of your chair and lean forward slightly to show you’re interested.
Mirror another person.Mirroring is when one partner copies the posture of the other partner. 3 Specifically，you can mirror a person’s tone or position of the body.You shouldn’t do this obviously or repeatedly though，only skillfully.
Emphasize your point with gestures.Have more than one gesture. 4 If you want to ensure you’re not misunderstood，repeat helpful gestures when you speak the idea aloud.You don’t have to use a body language gesture (or two) for every word，but it’s good to have a toolbox of gestures you can use to reinforce(强化) important but easily misunderstood concepts.
5 Watch for wandering eyes and constant sniffing.If you’re constantly touching your face，you’ll never look confident or at ease.Improving your posture and working to reduce nervous tics(抽搐) can be difficult and will take time，but you’ll quickly improve your overall non-verbal communication.
A．Use hand gestures when speaking.
B．This will help you better get your message across.
C．Avoid gestures that show nervousness or insecurity.
D．Here are some ideas for using gestures to communicate.
E．Keep your legs slightly apart，so you take up more space.
F．They might even think you’re lazy and unmotivated if you don’t sit up straight.
G．By copying the actions of the other person，you’ll make him/her feel connected to you.
1．答案　D
解析　上文说明了肢体语言的益处，下文内容介绍了一些肢体语言交流的方式，空格处承上启下，D项中的“some ideas for using gestures to communicate”引起下文，因此推断D项“下面是一些使用姿势来交流的想法”符合语境，故选D。
2．答案　F
解析　上文说明不好的姿势传递不好的信息，F项中的“you don’t sit up straight”是不好的姿势，“you’re lazy and unmotivated”是不好的信息，因此推断F项“如果你不坐直，他们甚至可能会认为你懒惰，没有动力”符合语境，They指上文中的People，故选F。
3．答案　G
解析　根据本段标题“模仿另一个人”和下文“Mirroring ...of the other partner.”可知，此处建议模仿另一个人的姿势，G项中的“copying the actions of the other person”与之一致，讲的是模仿别人，因此推断G项“通过模仿别人的行为，你会让他/她感到与你有联系”符合语境，故选G。
4．答案　B
解析　下文“If you ...the idea aloud.(如果你想确保自己不被误解，当你大声说出这个想法时，要重复一些有用的姿势)”说明利用姿势能够更好地让别人理解自己，与B项中的“better get your message across”一致，因此推断B项“这将帮助你更好地传达你的信息”符合语境，This指代上文“Have more than one gesture.”。故选B。
5．答案　C
解析　空格处是段落小标题。根据下文“注意那些恍惚的目光和不断的抽鼻子”和“Improving your posture and working to reduce nervous tics (抽搐)can be difficult and will take time，but you’ll quickly improve your overall non-verbal communication.”可知，本段建议避免紧张或没有安全感的姿势。故C项“避免表现出紧张或缺乏安全感的姿势”符合语境。故选C。
课时精练(一)
B卷(35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
People often call music a universal language，but do certain songs really cause the same mental images in our minds Scientists at Princeton find that while music absolutely can stimulate(激发)similar mental experiences，the results also strongly suggest culture is a major factor.
A total of 622 people took part in the study.All of the volunteers came from one of three locations：two suburban college towns in the US(one in Arkansas and the other in Michigan)，or the rural Chinese village of Dimen.It’s worth noting that the main language in Dimen is Dong，a tonal language unrelated to the official language of China.Locals there have little contact with Western media or culture at all.All participants listened to the exact same 32 “musical stimuli”—which were 60-second cuts of instrumental music.Half of these pieces came from Western music while the rest came from Chinese music.
After hearing，researchers asked the groups about the images they saw in their heads while listening.Incredibly，people from Arkansas and Michigan often described very similar stories，even using the exact same words frequently.Dimen listeners，on the other hand，envisioned stories that were similar to each other but quite different from the American listeners.More specifically，one track led to Americans seeing a cowboy in the hot desert surveying an empty town.Meanwhile，Chinese participants imagined a man in ancient times reflecting on the loss of a loved one.
“There’s something about the results that’s really surprising，especially because people encounter music in 2022 often in a solitary way，over headphones.But it turns out，it’s still a shared experience，almost like a shared dream，although not universally shared，”says Elizabeth Margulis，the study author.
The results paint a more complex picture of music’s power.Music can generate remarkably similar stories in listeners’ minds，but it depends on a common set of cultural experiences.So while that we imagine music can bring people together，the opposite can also be true—it can distinguish between sets of people with a different background or culture.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了普林斯顿大学的科学家们发现，虽然音乐可以激发相似的心理体验，但不同的文化仍会引起人们感知的差异。
1．What is the probable reason for Dimen being selected for the study
A．Its unique cultural background.
B．Its close contact with the US.
C．Its complex language system.
D．Its long tradition of music.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第三、四句可推知，地扪村被选中参加这项研究的可能原因是它具有独特的文化背景，故选A。
2．What were the participants required to do after listening to music
A．Exchange their comments on the scene.
B．Imagine musicians’ original inspiration.
C．Describe the picture forming in mind.
D．Recall personal music-related stories.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，在听完音乐后，参与者被要求描述脑海中形成的画面。故选C。
3．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “solitary” in paragraph 4
A．Strange. B．Individual.
C．Outdated. D．Polite.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。由画线单词下文“over headphones”和“people encounter music in 2022 often in a solitary way”可知，人们经常通过使用头戴式耳机来接触音乐，这是一种单独接触音乐的方式。由此可知，画线单词意为“单独的”。故选B。
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Unbelievable Music’s Effects Go Beyond Cultures
B．Problem Solved! How Music Brings Us All Together
C．Amazing! Cultures Determine Our Preference for Music
D．Universal Language Culture Matters When We Hear Music
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了人们常说音乐是一种通用的语言，但是普林斯顿大学的科学家们发现，虽然音乐可以激发相似的心理体验，但文化是一个主要因素。由此可知，D项“通用语言？当我们听音乐时，文化很重要”适合作文章标题。故选D。
B
A simple gesture can be formed into a child’s memory so quickly that it will cause the child to give a false answer to a question accompanied by that gesture.A new finding suggests that parents，social workers，psychologists and lawyers should be careful with their hands as well as their words.
Gestures can be as informative as speech，but hand gestures are so common that we rarely notice we’re using them.
While the recall of both adults and children is easy to react to suggestion，the memories of children are known to be particularly influenced，said lead researcher Sara Broaders of Northwestern University.Kids are used to looking to adults to tell events for them and can be misled even if not intentionally(故意地)．
Previous research，for example，has shown that detail-loaded questions often cause false answers; when asked，say “Did you drink juice at the picnic？”，the child is likely to say “yes” even if no juice had been available.It is not that the child is consciously lying，but rather the detail is quickly formed into his or her memory.
To avoid this problem，social workers have long been advised to ask children only open-ended questions，such as “What did you have at the picnic？” But an open-ended question paired with a gesture，briefly meaning a juice box，is treated like a detailed question.That is，children become likely to answer falsely.
And it isn’t just a few kids: 77% of children gave at least one piece of false information when a detail was suggested by an ordinary gesture.Gestures may also become more popular when talking with non-fluent language users，such as little kids，Broaders said as hand movements can impart meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases.“It certainly seems reasonable that adults would gesture more with children.”
In general，Broaders advises parents and other adults to “Try to be aware of your hands when questioning a child about an event.Otherwise，you might be getting answers that don’t reflect what actually happened.”
语篇解读　本文是说明文，主要讲述了成年人的手势对孩子的影响。专家建议父母和其他成年人在向孩子询问某件事时，尽量注意自己的手势，以免对孩子产生误导。
5．What do we know about gestures according to the text
A．They have a certain effect on children.
B．They are rarely used by people.
C．They have no function at all.
D．They are often used by social workers.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“A simple gesture can be formed into a child’s memory so quickly that it will cause the child to give a false answer to a question accompanied by that gesture.”可知，手势对孩子有特定的影响。故选A。
6．Why are kids easy to be misled by gestures according to Sara Broaders
A．These gestures are very attractive.
B．Their memories are affected easily.
C．Children are easy to tell lies.
D．These gestures are used frequently.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“While the recall of both adults and children is easy to react to suggestion，the memories of children are known to be particularly influenced...”可知，孩子容易被手势误导的原因是孩子的记忆容易被影响。故选B。
7．What does the underlined word “impart” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Separate. B．Tell apart.
C．Confuse. D．Pass on.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据第六段画线词所在句的前半句可知，手势在语言沟通不顺畅时可以起到帮助作用，能够传递信息，因此可以推断，画线词“impart”与“Pass on”同义，意为“传递”。故选D。
8．Which of the following can be the best title of the text
A．Gestures—a Useful Way of Education
B．Gestures Can Mislead Children
C．Gestures Mean Adult’s Directions
D．Gestures Affect Children Much
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。本文主要讲述的是手势对孩子的影响，结合第一段最后一句“A new finding suggests that parents，social workers，psychologists and lawyers should be careful with their hands as well as their words.”及第三段最后一句“Kids are used to looking to adults to tell events for them and can be misled even if not intentionally(故意地)．”可知，B项“手势会误导孩子”适合作为本文标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
I had always found 1. interesting to talk to foreigners and learn about the cultural differences between countries.Last Saturday，I 2. (meet) a man from France who explained to me 3. the French greeted each other.Now I know the French usually shake hands when they meet.If they know each other well，they kiss each other on the cheek.When 4.________(say) goodbye，they shake hands again.So it is appropriate for a Frenchman who you greeted several minutes ago 5. (come) and shake hands with you again.
Every culture in the world has 6. (vary) taboos(禁忌)．It is necessary that we 7._______(be) aware of them because 8. (break) a taboo may be an annoying experience.For example，in Japan，“4” and “9” are considered to be 9. (number) that are unlucky.We should know this in order not to cause 10. (offend)．
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文通过讲述作者了解法国人打招呼的经历，感慨每种文化都有自己的特性，了解文化差异既有乐趣又极具重要性。
1．答案　it
解析　考查it作形式宾语。此处为find it interesting to do sth结构，it作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语。
2．答案　met
解析　考查动词的时态。根据Last Saturday可知，应用一般过去时。
3．答案　how
解析　考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用how。
4．答案　saying
解析　考查省略句。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可省略从句的主语和be，从句完整形式为“when they are saying goodbye”，相当于省略了they are。
5．答案　to come
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为句型“it be＋appropriate＋for sb to do sth”，it作形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。
6．答案　various
解析　考查形容词。根据空后的名词taboos可知此处应用形容词。
7．答案　(should) be
解析　考查虚拟语气。此处为句型“It is necessary that＋虚拟语气”，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
8．答案　breaking
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处是because引导的原因状语从句，其中breaking a taboo为动名词作主语。
9．答案　numbers
解析　考查名词的复数。number为可数名词，此处指上文4和9两个数字，故应用复数形式。
10．答案　offence
解析　考查名词。此处作宾语，表示“冒犯”应用名词offence，为不可数名词。Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What does the text mainly talk about
A．Different cultures.
B．Spoken language.
C．Communication.
D．Body language.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What should one do when talking to an older person in Japan
A．Look down.
B．Raise his/her head.
C．Make eye contact.
D．Shake hands with him/her.
答案　A
2．What do we learn about the gesture for “OK” in France
A．It means zero.
B．It means money.
C．It means good luck.
D．It means good health.
答案　A
3．When someone nods to you in Bulgaria and southern Albania，it means .
A．he/she is full
B．he/she is tired
C．he/she agrees with you
D．he/she disagrees with you
答案　D
4．What does the author try to tell us by giving the example of smiling
A．Some body language is used in all countries.
B．Some body language can serve different purposes.
C．Some body language is more important than words.
D．Some body language has different meanings in different cultures.
答案　B
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
We can learn a lot about 1.what people are thinking by watching their body language.Body language varies from culture to culture.The crucial thing is 2.using(use) body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.For example，making eye contact is a way 3.to display(display) interest in some countries while in other countries，eye contact is not always approved of.4.The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures.In Japan，someone who witnesses another person 5.employing(employ) the gesture might think it means money.However，you should avoid 6.making(make) this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite.Even the gestures we use 7.for “yes” and “no” differ around the world.In many countries，shaking one’s head means “no” and nodding means “yes”．By 8.comparison(compare)，in Bulgaria and southern Albania，the gestures have the opposite meaning.Some gestures seem 9.to have(have) the same meaning everywhere.Some body language has many different uses.Perhaps the best example is smiling.If we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing 10.better(good) than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions(interact) with other people.(P38 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是简单句，to express...是不定式短语作目的状语。
汉语翻译：在与他人的交往中，我们用话语和肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。
2．We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching(watch) their body language.(P38 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句，what people are thinking是what引导的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以洞察他们的想法。
3．Words are important(importance)，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information(inform) about their feelings.(P38 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是并列复合句，people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands 是省略了that/in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
汉语翻译：话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。
4．The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to/for the culture you are in.(P38 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句，using body language...是动词-ing形式作表语，that is appropriate to the culture是定语从句，修饰先行词a way，you are in是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the culture。
汉语翻译：最重要的是以适合你所处文化的方式使用肢体语言。
5．In Japan，it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.(P38 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句，it是形式主语，不定式短语to look down是真正的主语；when talking to an older person是状语从句的省略，补充完整应为when they are talking to an older person。
汉语翻译：在日本，与年长者交谈时，目光下垂表示敬重。
6．In Japan，someone who witnesses another person employing(employ) the gesture might think it means money.(P38 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词someone，it means money是省略了that的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。
7．In France，a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero.(P38 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是简单句，encountering...是动词-ing形式短语作定语，修饰a person，a person与encounter之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。动词-ing形式短语meaning zero作介词as的宾语。
汉语翻译：在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。
8．There are also differences(differ) in how we touch each other，how close we stand to someone we are talking to，and how we act when we meet or part.(P38 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句，how we touch ...，how close we stand ...，and how we act ...是三个由how引导的并列的宾语从句；其中we are talking to是定语从句，修饰先行词someone；when we meet or part是由when引导的时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：在身体接触方式、站着交谈时双方的距离、见面和告别的动作方面，也有很多差异。
9．In countries(country) like France and Russia，people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet.(P38 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句，when引导时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：在法国、俄罗斯等国，朋友见面时会相互亲吻脸颊。
10．Elsewhere，people favour shaking hands，bowing from the waist，or nodding the head when they meet someone else.(P38 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句，when引导时间状语从句，动词-ing形式(短语) shaking hands，bowing from the waist和nodding the head都是favour的宾语。
汉语翻译：在其他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。
11．Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”．(P39 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，Placing ...and resting...是两个并列的动词-ing形式短语作主语，表示同一件事，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。while closing your eyes是省略了you are的状语从句。
汉语翻译：双手合十放在头部的一侧，同时闭上你的眼睛，意为“睡觉”。
12．Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier(happy) and stronger.(P39 Para.6)
结构分析：此句是简单句，动词-ing形式短语smiling at yourself in the mirror作suggest的宾语，不定式短语to make...作目的状语。
汉语翻译：专家们建议，我们应该对着镜子微笑，让自己感到更加快乐和坚强。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
as引导原因状语从句
However，you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany，as it is not considered polite.(P38 Para.3)
然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免做出这一手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。
结构分析：此句是复合句，making this gesture in Brazil and Germany的动名词短语作宾语，as用作连词，在本句中引导原因状语从句。
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as作连词，可引导以下几种状语从句：
as引导原因状语从句，意为“由于，因为”。
as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；随着”。
as引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……；照着……”。
as引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，需把句中的名词、形容词、副词、分词或实义动词提前构成倒装句。
as引导定语从句，意为“正如；正像”。
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(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)尽管我既焦虑又担心，但我最终还是选择了参加写作比赛。因为我敬爱的老师不断指导和鼓励我，我创作了一篇完美的文章，我的脸上洋溢着兴奋的笑容。
Anxious and concerned as I was，I finally chose to take part in the writing contest.As my beloved teacher constantly guided and encouraged me，I created a perfect article and my face beamed with excitement.
(2)(读后续写之升华句)随着时间的流逝，我开始意识到，每一个小小的善举都会对他人产生影响。
As time went by，I came to realize that every small act of kindness makes a difference to others.
(3)俗话说：“入乡随俗。”
As an old saying goes，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.”
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.(P39 Para.6)
当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。
结构分析：此句是复合句，if引导条件状语从句，本句中的否定词nothing与比较级better连用表示最高级的含义。
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表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：
否定词＋比较级，意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
比较级＋than＋
can/could＋never/not＋be＋
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(1)(读后续写之亲情篇升华句)直到那时我突然意识到没人比我妈妈更爱我了。
It was not until then that I was suddenly aware that nobody loved me more than my mom.
(2)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫向我走来，对我说道：“我从没见过比你更热心的人了。没有你，我不可能参加越野赛，因此，我怎么感谢你也不为过。”他的眼睛闪烁着激动和感激的泪水。
David walked to me and said to me，“I have never seen a more warm-hearted person than you.Without you，I couldn’t have participated in the big cross-country run，so I can’t thank you enough/too much.” His eyes twinkled with tears of excitement and gratitude.
(3)(应用文写作之推荐信)我强烈推荐学生会主席李华当你的助教，他比他班上任何学生的教学经验都多。
I strongly recommend Li Hua，chairman of the Student Association，to be your teaching assistant.He has more teaching experience than any other student in his class/all the other students in his class/anyone else in his class/any of the other students in his class/the rest of the students in his class.
课文重点词块默写
1．learn about了解
2．be appropriate to适合于
3．make eye contact眼神交流
4．shake one’s head摇头
5．get through通过，熬过(难关、困境等)
6．break down barriers打破隔阂
7．ask for help请求帮助
8．feel down or lonely感到沮丧或孤独
课时精练(二)
A卷(40分)
Ⅰ.完成句子(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
1．我从来没见过比这只兔子更可爱的兔子了。(否定词＋比较级)
I had never seen a more adorable rabbit than this one.
2．因为父亲同意了我的想法，于是我忙着去追那只可爱的兔子。(as引导的原因状语从句；approve)
As my father approved of my idea，I was employed in chasing the lovely rabbit.
3．十分钟后，父亲和我发现我们脱离了正确的路线。(break away from)
Ten minutes later，my father and I found that we broke away from the right route.
4．父亲和我满怀焦虑，只能想办法尽快找到我叔叔的农舍。(anxiety)
Filled with/Full of anxiety，my father and I had no choice but to think of the way we could find my uncle’s farmhouse soon.
5．在克服了种种困难之后，我们俩终于顺着不远处的小溪来到了农场。(variety)
After overcoming a variety of/varieties of/various difficulties，ultimately，both of us made it to the farm by following the stream flowing not far from us.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Plenty of scientific work proves that children，and even adults，who learn sign language，gain the benefits not only in the ability to communicate with other sign language users，but also in the wider academic world.
Deaf children who learn sign language at an early age are more academically inclined(倾向) to do well.This is partly due to their increased ability to communicate with those around them.However，it is also because sign language is not，as many people mistakenly think，a system of gestures representing words，but a complete and complex(复杂的) language system.Thus，children who learn sign language have already learnt about the way language works，which will help in future studies.
Again，for non-deaf children and adults who learn sign language，the academic advantages spill over into social and cultural ones.Firstly，learning sign language allows the speaker to communicate with a whole new community of people and gain an understanding of how they communicate within their community.Secondly，learning a language gives rise to greater confidence for that person，as he is able to converse with someone who may struggle to do so.And the skills of language learning are easily transferable into learning other languages but also into other academic pursuits.
There can be no doubt that learning sign language is a useful endeavour for anyone—whether they are deaf themselves and live in a house with other deaf people or whether they are non-deaf and do not know anyone who is.The social，cultural and academic advantages of learning this complex language are diverse and should not be taken lightly.And，especially with children，learning a language which helps people with a disadvantage may encourage them in the future to do more—volunteering and other such work.This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility at an early age and taught to embrace(接受) all people—not in spite of their differences but because of them.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。主题语境是“人与社会”。文章论述了学习手语可以为人们带来学术优势，这种优势还会蔓延到社会和文化领域。
1．What is sign language according to the author
A．It is a creative way of expressing ideas.
B．It is a complete and complex language system.
C．It is a primary language of disabled people.
D．It is a system of gestures representing words.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“However，it is also because...a complete and complex(复杂的) language system.”可知，作者认为手语是一个完整而复杂的语言系统。故选B。
2．What does the underlined word “endeavour” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Effort. B．Experiment.
C．Incident. D．Feedback.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的主语“learning sign language”以及画线词后面的内容“The social...are diverse and should not be taken lightly.(学习这门复杂语言的社会、文化和学术优势是多方面的，不应掉以轻心)”可知，此处意为：学习手语对任何人来说都是一项有益的努力，endeavour意为“努力”，故选A。
3．What quality can a non-deaf child who learns sign language acquire
A．Being competitive. B．Being courageous.
C．Being responsible. D．Being positive.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This means that the non-deaf child can be given a sense of social responsibility...—not in spite of their differences but because of them.”可知，学习手语使得不聋的儿童可以在很小的时候就被赋予社会责任感。故选C。
4．What conclusion can we draw from the text
A．Learning sign language can bring children pleasure.
B．Sign language helps a person broaden his or her horizons.
C．Deaf children have the ability to learn sign language quickly.
D．Learning sign language possesses numerous and diverse advantages.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，学习手语的儿童，甚至成年人，不仅在与其他手语使用者交流的能力上受益，而且在更广泛的学术领域也受益。通读全文可知，本文论述了学习手语的优势，从学术优势蔓延到社会和文化领域。故学习手语是有益的。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Marley Christian found a young koala，next to his dying mother.However，becoming motherless wasn’t his only 1 .The rescuer from Friends of the Koala also 2 he was missing a foot.
Marley did her best for Triumph，the koala.She used socks to 3 his stump(残肢)，which helped ease the discomfort Triumph felt whenever he tried to put 4 on it，but Marley thought he couldn’t 5 there.She began searching the Internet for pet prostheses(假体)．But for a koala，there was nothing 6 .“I was told it couldn’t be done，” Marley said.
Marley did find a company specializing in animal prostheses that would like to 7 the case，but they were unsuccessful after several 8 .Eventually Marley found the 9 right in her neighborhood.She mentioned Triumph’s trouble to her dental prosthetist Jon Doulman，and he 10 to find a way to make a prosthesis for Triumph.
“ 11 ，it’s different from tooth problems，” Jon said.“But it’s worth a try.” After making one 12 of Triumph’s stump，he created a pink rubber boot，which could help make Triumph’s 13 of movement return.“It’s a seemingly 14 thing.But the design of the dentist does change Triumph’s life.Once the boot was 15 ，he did a little jump，and then ran around.I actually cried，” said Marley.
语篇解读　本文是记叙文。小考拉Triumph不仅失去了妈妈，还少了一只脚。Marley Christian 想要帮它寻找一只假足。在牙医Jon Doulman的帮助下，小考拉终于重获运动自由。
1．A.accident B．misfortune
C．result D．difference
答案　B
解析　accident事故；misfortune不幸；result结果；difference差别。根据前文的“becoming motherless”可知失去母亲是很大的不幸。故选B。
2．A.suspected B．wondered
C．concluded D．noticed
答案　D
解析　suspect怀疑；wonder想知道；conclude推断出；notice注意到。此处表示救援者还注意到小考拉少了一只脚。故选D。
3．A.cover B．cure
C．warm D．solidify
答案　A
解析　根据下文的“which helped ease the discomfort Triumph felt whenever he tried to put on it”可知她用袜子盖上它的残肢以减轻残肢着地时的疼痛。故选A。
4．A.emphasis B．hope
C．burden D．weight
答案　D
解析　emphasis强调；hope希望；burden负担；weight重量。小考拉少了一只脚，所以当那只残肢承重时它会感到不舒服。故选D。
5．A.continue B．leave
C．cease D．stick
答案　C
解析　continue继续；leave留下，离开；cease停止；stick粘贴，坚持。根据前文的“She used socks”和下文的“She began searching the Internet for pet prostheses(假体)．”可知，尽管Marley已经帮助小考拉改善了状况，但她觉得自己不能止步于此，于是开始寻求进一步的帮助。故选C。
6．A.helpful B．available
C．convenient D．satisfactory
答案　B
解析　helpful有帮助的；available可用的；convenient方便的；satisfactory令人满意的。根据下文的“I was told it couldn’t be done”可知，Marley没有找到任何小考拉可以用的假体。故选B。
7．A.take on B．figure out
C．seek for D．look into
答案　A
解析　take on承担，接手；figure out计算出，弄明白；seek for寻找；look into调查。此处表示她找到了一家专门从事动物假肢的公司，他们愿意接手这一案例，故选A。
8．A.examinations B．attempts
C．discussions D．treatments
答案　B
解析　examination考试；attempt尝试；discussion讨论；treatment治疗。根据前文的“they were unsuccessful”可知，此处指经过了几次尝试。故选B。
9．A.inspiration B．support
C．response D．solution
答案　D
解析　inspiration灵感；support支持；response响应；solution解决方案。根据下文的“he created a pink rubber boot，which...movement return”可知，最终Marley 找到了解决办法。故选D。
10．A.happened B．agreed
C．volunteered D．recommended
答案　C
解析　happen发生；agree同意；volunteer自愿；recommend推荐。联系上文的“She mentioned Triumph’s trouble”和生活实际可知，Marley只是顺带提到了Triumph的情况，并非特意去寻求Jon的帮助，所以Jon是主动提出帮助的。故选C。
11．A.Naturally B．Surprisingly
C．Thankfully D．Strangely
答案　A
解析　naturally自然地；surprisingly惊人地；thankfully感激地；strangely奇怪地。为考拉制作假足与制作假牙是不一样的，这是自然的。故选A。
12．A.example B．model
C．issue D．mark
答案　B
解析　example例子；model模板；issue问题；mark 标记。Jon要为缺少一只脚的Triumph做假足，所以他应是先做了一个Triumph的残肢的模型。故选B。
13．A.preference B．memory
C．freedom D．intention
答案　C
解析　preference偏好；memory记忆；freedom自由；intention打算。根据下文的“Once the boot was ，he did a little jump，and then ran around.”可知，Jon做的粉色靴子能使Triumph重新拥有活动的自由。故选C。
14．A.ordinary B．touching
C．imperfect D．unlikely
答案　D
解析　ordinary普通的；touching令人感动的；imperfect不完美的；unlikely不大可能发生的。专业人士都没能为小考拉做一只合适的假足，但是牙医Jon却成功解决了小考拉的问题。这是一件看似不可能的事。故选D。
15．A.adjusted B．completed
C．attached D．confirmed
答案　C
解析　adjust调整；complete完成；attach依附，重视；confirm确认。Triumph少了一只脚，所以这只靴子是通过某种方式固定在残肢上的。故选C。
课时精练(二)
B卷(32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
It’s hard to talk to Dad sometimes.His silence about his feelings and thoughts made him mysterious and hard to see through.You could never break his hard shell and get to know him.And he seemed to want to stay that way too.
But a year ago when my relationship with my wife and career took a hit，I needed my dad to pull back the curtain so that I could see him as real and accessible.I was facing serious problems and I wanted to know whether he had faced them before and how he had found his way，because I felt like I had lost mine.In desperation，it occurred to me that sending an email might be the key，so I wrote him one，telling him about my regrets and fears，and I asked him to answer if he felt like it.
Two weeks later，it showed up in my inbox: a much-thought，three-page letter.Dad，a 68-year-old retired technologist and grandfather of four，had carefully considered my message，and crafted a response.He mentioned his lost love，the foolish mistake he made in career and the stupid pride he had between him and his parents.He comforted me that “life will still find its right track despite many of its twists and turns”．
I closed the email and started to cry，because I wished I had opened up earlier but was grateful it wasn’t too late.I cried because at 33，in the midst of my own struggles，his letter instantly put me at ease.And I cried because in the end，it was so simple: I just had to hit “Send”．
We’ve since had many email exchanges.This increasing communication opened a door into his world.My problems haven’t been magically solved，but getting to know my dad better has made the tough thing more manageable and life sweeter.It’s hard to talk to Dad sometimes，but I’m glad I found a way to talk to mine.
语篇解读　本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者与父亲通过邮件进行交流并打开父亲心扉的故事。
1．Which of the following best describes the author’s father
A．Quiet and caring.
B．Optimistic but careless.
C．Selfish and lonely.
D．Simple but proud.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段的“His silence about his feelings and thoughts made him mysterious...”可知，父亲言语不多。结合第三段的“Dad...had carefully considered my message，and crafted a response.”可知，父亲对儿子的邮件尽心答复。由此推知，作者的父亲是一个少言寡语但体贴的人。故选A。
2．Why did the author write to his father
A．To make an apology.
B．To express thanks.
C．To turn to him.
D．To blame him.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“I was facing serious problems...In desperation，it occurred to me that sending an email might be the key，so I wrote him one，telling him about my regrets and fears...”可知，作者的人生遇到了难题，于是给父亲写邮件，希望能得到他的帮助。故选C。
3．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs in the text
A．The author regretted not writing to Dad earlier.
B．Dad’s letter of reply is simple.
C．Dad helped settle the author’s problems.
D．The author can talk to Dad easily.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段首句“I closed the email and started to cry，because I wished I had opened up earlier but was grateful it wasn’t too late.”可推知，作者后悔没有早点给父亲写信。故选A。
4．What may be the best title for the text
A．My Mysterious Dad
B．Emails from My Dad
C．A Retired Technologist
D．Means of Communication
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。根据最后一段的“We’ve since had many email exchanges.This increasing communication opened a door into his world.”并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述作者与父亲通过邮件进行交流并打开父亲心扉的故事。B选项“来自父亲的邮件”最符合文章标题。故选B。
B
We’ve all been there: in a lift，in line at the bank or on an airplane，surrounded by people who are，like us，deeply focused on their smartphones or，worse，struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What’s the problem It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence.It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging，or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary.But the next time you find yourself among strangers，consider that small talk is worth the trouble.Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy，but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.“Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication，”says Bernardo Carducci，director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains，“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just communicate with them.”
In a 2014 study，Elizabeth Dunn，associate professor of psychology at UBC，invited people on their way into a coffee shop.One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with a waiter; the other，to speak only when necessary.The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband，” says Dunn，“But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network also matter for our well-being.”
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging，a bond with others.Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.
语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章论述了一个观点：人与人之间需要适当的闲聊，闲聊是人际交往中必不可少的部分，有很多好处。
5．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A．Addiction to smartphones.
B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C．Absence of communication between strangers.
D．Impatience with slow service.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，在公共场合人们专注于他们的智能手机，或者在令人不舒服的沉默中挣扎。由此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。故选C。
6．What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci
A．Showing good manners.
B．Relating to other people.
C．Focusing on a topic.
D．Making business deals.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just communicate with them.”可知，B项符合题意。
7．What does the coffee shop study suggest about small talk
A．It improves family relationships.
B．It raises people’s confidence.
C．It matters as much as a formal talk.
D．It makes people feel good.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有明显高涨的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。
8．What is the best title for the text
A．Conversation Counts
B．Ways of Making Small Talk
C．Benefits of Small Talk
D．Uncomfortable Silence
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。整篇文章提及了闲聊都有什么样的好处，而没有涉及展开闲聊的方式。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
According to a common saying，“Honesty is the best policy.” 1 Lying often seems like a good way to impress people or avoid blame for mistakes.Some people lie out of habit，without even realizing they’re doing it.But despite all this，honesty really is worth the effort.
One obvious reason for honesty is that lies are difficult to maintain.There’s always a chance that the person you lied to will find out the truth. 2
Lies are also difficult to hide because they are harder to remember than the truth.If you make up a story，you have to remember all the details. 3 But if you commit to telling the truth，you will never have trouble remembering.This saves you effort and makes conversations less stressful for you.
Another obvious reason to avoid lying is that lying can harm others.People who believe your lies might make bad decisions because of them.And a lie about someone else could destroy that person’s reputation.On a personal level，if your friends find out you lied to them，their feeling will be hurt.They will question whether they can trust you or wonder whether you care about them.In contrast，if you always tell the truth，you will develop a reputation for honesty. 4 Business deals，friendships，family and romantic relationships all depend on trust.
5 Sometimes it’s best to remain silent if your words might hurt someone else.Honesty means that when you speak，you tell the truth without holding any information back.When you do that，you will feel more relaxed and enjoy stronger relationships.
A．But in daily life，honesty can be difficult.
B．This will help you in every area of your life.
C．Is the gain from lying really worth the risk
D．Being honest is a basic principle for us to deal with others.
E．We will get others’ respect and appreciation if telling the truth.
F．And the more lies you tell，the more stories you have to remember.
G．Honesty，however，doesn’t mean you have to say everything in your mind.
1．答案　A
解析　根据后文“Lying often seems like a good way to impress people or avoid blame for mistakes.”可知，撒谎似乎是给人留下深刻印象或避免因错误而被责备的好方法。由此可知，在日常生活中撒谎会更轻松。A选项引起下文，强调在现实生活中诚实不容易做到，与下文的“honesty really is worth the effort”呼应。故选A。
2．答案　C
解析　根据前文“One obvious reason for honesty is that lies are difficult to maintain.There’s always a chance that the person you lied to will find out the truth.”可知，撒谎终究会被人发现，因此撒谎是有风险的。C选项承接上文，反问从撒谎获得的益处值得冒险么。故选C。
3．答案　F
解析　根据前文“Lies are also difficult to hide because they are harder to remember than the truth.If you make up a story，you have to remember all the details.”可知，谎言很难隐藏，若要编造一个故事，就得记住所有的细节，可推知撒的谎越多就需要记住越多的细节。F选项承接上文，其中stories与前文story呼应。故选F。
4．答案　B
解析　根据前文“In contrast，if you always tell the truth，you will develop a reputation for honesty.”可知，说实话能带来好名声。B选项“这会在生活的各个方面帮助你”承接上文，且呼应下文提到的生意、友情、亲情、爱情。故选B。
5．答案　G
解析　根据后文“Sometimes it’s best to remain silent if your words might hurt someone else.”可知，此处强调有的时候要保持沉默，即不必说出自己所知的一切，因为这有可能对别人造成伤害。G选项“诚实并不意味着要说出你想说的一切”引起下文，符合语境。故选G。Section Ⅳ　Using Language (1)—Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
1．Where did the man get inspiration
A．From Charlie Chaplin.
B．From an action film.
C．From a police leader.
答案　B
2．Why did the police leader use hand gestures to his team
A．To catch criminals secretly.
B．To have fun.
C．To teach sign language.
答案　A
3．What’s the attitude of the two persons to hand gestures
A．Challenging but interesting.
B．Tough and boring.
C．Easy and interesting.
答案　A
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the conversation again on P42 and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.(精听训练)
Woman：What were you doing just now What did those gestures mean
Man：Oh，I was just telling my friend over there to 1.meet me for lunch down the street in twenty minutes.
Woman：Oh，I get it，so you were sending him 2.secret hand signals.
Man：Yeah，we got the idea from 3.an action movie last night and decided to try it out for fun.In the movie，the police were trying to 4.enter a house，but they had to be really quiet so they could take the criminals 5.by surprise.So，the police leader used hand gestures to tell his team what to do.For example，he used this gesture to tell them 6.how many bad guys were in the house.Then he gave instructions on who should go where，and 7.what they should do.I thought it was pretty cool how they used hand gestures to communicate.
Woman：Well，you know，you can say a lot without speaking.I’ve been 8.taking acting classes，and right now we’re learning how to use body language to express ourselves.
Man：Wow，that’s cool.So you mean you’re not allowed to talk，right
Woman：Yes，and it’s really difficult if they want you to 9.express something complicated without saying a word.But I’m slowly getting better at it，I guess.
Man：That reminds me of those Charlie Chaplin movies.I guess it’s not easy to tell a whole story only 10.using body language.
Woman：Yeah，he was a real master.Everyone in my class loves his movies.We actually had to watch some of his movies and 11.act out some scenes.I was such an amateur!
Man：Well，it’s good you tried.Now，by your body language，I can tell that you want to buy me lunch tomorrow.Am I right？Section Ⅴ Using Language(2)—Reading for Writing
Activity 1　Read for details [细节把握]
1．What does “what makes each student tick” in the last sentence in paragraph 1 mean
A．Each student puts a mark next to an item on a list，an answer，etc.
B．Students know how to tick on papers.
C．The things that make one behave in a certain way.
D．Every student is made to do some questions.
答案　C
2．What will students do if they are interested in a lesson
A．Look out of the window.
B．Hide their faces in their hands.
C．Lower their heads to look at the books.
D．Lean forward and look at the teacher.
答案　D
3．If a student has serious conflicts with other students，what will the teacher do
A．Remind him/her to forget the conflicts.
B．Inquire and assess what is going on.
C．Adjust class activities.
D．Punish all of them for the conflicts.
答案　B
4．Knowing the students’ body language helps the teacher know the following EXCEPT .
A．when to start his/her class
B．when to talk to them face to face
C．when to intervene
D．when to adjust class activities
答案　A
5．What does the author find harder to distinguish
A．When the students are interested.
B．When the students are distracted.
C．When the students are troubled.
D．When the students are sleepy.
答案　C
Activity 2　Read for structures [文章架构]
Read the text and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
Activity 3　Read for language features [增分靓句]
1．Find out the sentences to show students who are interested.(找出表现学生感兴趣的句子)
Most tend to look up and make eye contact.When I make a joke，they smile.When I talk about something difficult，they look confused.I know when students are really interested，however，because they lean forward and look at me.
2．Find out the sentences to show students who are bored.(找出表现学生厌烦的句子)
So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.If two friends are leaning their heads together，they are probably writing notes to each other.Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.Some students look up，but there is an absence of eye contact.Their eyes barely move，and they always have the same distant expression on their faces.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.
3．Find out the sentences to show students who are daydreaming.(找出表现学生做白日梦的句子)
They spend all their time looking anywhere but at me.With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.
4．Find out the sentences to show students who are sad or worried.(找出表现学生悲伤或担心的句子)
Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown.They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．As an educator(educate)，people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students.(P44 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句，how引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语，what is going on in the minds of my students是what引导的宾语从句，作know的宾语。
汉语翻译：作为一名教育工作者，人们经常问我，我是怎么知道学生的脑子里在想什么的。
2．At the same time，in a classroom of more than forty students，it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person.(P44 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是简单句，it是形式主语，to have...是不定式短语作真正的主语。
汉语翻译：同时，班上的学生有四十多人，想与每位学生一对一谈话不是那么容易。
3．So，how can I really know what makes(make) each student tick (P44 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句，what引导的是宾语从句。
汉语翻译：那么，我是如何搞清楚每个学生为何会这样(或那样)的呢？
4．It is easy to recognise when students are interested(interest) in a lesson.(P44 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，It是形式主语，to recognise...是不定式短语作真正的主语，when引导的是宾语从句。
汉语翻译：学生对一堂课感兴趣时，很容易就可以看出来。
5．I know when students are really(real) interested，however，because they lean forward and look at me.(P44 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，when引导的是宾语从句，because引导的是原因状语从句。
汉语翻译：然而，学生兴趣盎然时，我也看得出来，因为他们会身体前倾，注视着我。
6．People have a tendency to lean(lean) towards whatever they are interested in.(P44 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，whatever引导的是宾语从句。
汉语翻译：人们对某个事物感兴趣时，往往会身体前倾。
7．So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch，it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end.(P44 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，if引导的是条件状语从句，此从句中的has his head lowered为“have＋宾语＋宾补”结构。he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end是省略了that的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：所以，如果一名学生低头看手表，这就表明他觉得无聊，数着时间，只盼早点下课。
8．If two friends are leaning their heads together，they are probably(probable) writing notes to each other.(P44 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，If引导的是条件状语从句。
汉语翻译：如果两个朋友把头靠在一起，那么他们很可能是在互相写纸条。
9．The main thing is reminding distracted(distract) students that they need to pay attention in class.(P44 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句，reminding...是动词-ing形式作表语，that引导的是宾语从句。
汉语翻译：重要的是提醒走神的学生专心听讲。
10．While it is easy to perceive when students are interested，bored(bore) or distracted，it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.(P44 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，While引导让步状语从句，此从句中含有when引导的宾语从句，主句中的it是形式主语，to distinguish when students are troubled是真正的主语，when students are troubled是when引导的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。
11．Students who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed(cross) in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed，like they are guarding their bodies.(P44 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，who are angry，afraid，or experiencing anxiety是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Students。
汉语翻译：生气、害怕或者焦虑的学生会双臂交叉抱在胸前，他们的腿并拢或交叉，就像他们在保护自己的身体。
12．Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown.(P44 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，who引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词Students。
汉语翻译：伤心或忧虑的学生几乎总是皱着眉头。
13．Some students act this way merely(mere) because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.(P44 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，because引导的是原因状语从句，being called on by the teacher是动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语。
汉语翻译：有些学生这副模样，只是因为他们害怕老师提问。
14．However，if a student does not bother to brush(brush) her hair and her eyes are red from weeping，then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.(P44 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，if引导条件状语从句，主句中含有that引导的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：但是，要是学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。
15．Whatever it is，I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on.(P44 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，Whatever it is是whatever引导的让步状语从句，相当于no matter what it is，what引导的是宾语从句。
汉语翻译：不管是什么，我知道我必须去探个究竟，搞明白发生了什么事情。
16．Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually(individual)，so they can all get the most out of school.(P44 Para.6)
结构分析：此句是并列句，when to adjust class activities，when to intervene，and when to talk to students individually是三个并列的“疑问词＋to do”结构作宾语。
汉语翻译：他们的肢体语言让我知道该何时调整课堂活动、何时干预、何时与学生单独谈话，从而让他们在校收获最大。
17．Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher.(P44 Para.6)
结构分析：此句是简单句，Reacting to body language是动词-ing形式作主语，being a teacher是动词-ing形式作介词of的宾语。
汉语翻译：对肢体语言作出反应是教师职责的重要组成部分。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
with的复合结构
(1)It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.(P44 Para.3)
他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。
(2)With their chins on their hands，they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.(P44 Para.4)
他们托着下巴，全神贯注地盯着窗外或天花板。
结构分析：第(1)句是复合句，as though引导的是表语从句；第(2)句是简单句，staring out of the window or up at the ceiling是动词-ing形式作宾语，两句中都含有with的复合结构。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，主要包括：
with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来的动作)
with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)
with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)
with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
(1)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)我的心狂跳着，我冲进老师的办公室，兴奋地说：“如果没有您的帮助，我不会赢得第一名。”然后我的老师轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀，回答说：“你的文章经过一遍又一遍的润色，难怪你能成功。”
With my heart beating wildly，I dashed into the teachers’ office，saying excitedly，“But for your help，I wouldn’t have won first prize.” Then my teacher patted me on the shoulder gently，responding，“With your article polished over and over again，it is no wonder you made it.”
(2)(读后续写之情绪描写)随着比赛的临近，有那么多的工作要做，我焦虑得无法控制地流下了眼泪。
With the competition approaching/drawing near/around the corner and (with) so much work to do，so anxious was I that I shed tears uncontrollably.
(3)门开着，灯亮着，他冲出房子，寻找他丢失的狗。
With the door open and the light on，he rushed out of the house，searching for his lost dog.
本单元的写作任务是对肢体语言作简单的介绍或描述，难度不大。但在写作过程中，切忌对要描写的东西作简单的罗列，要注意事物之间的逻辑性，也就是要按照一定的顺序逐一阐述，有详有略。另外要把连词用好，句式要有一定的变化，不要太单调。
1．They are...as...他们……因为……
2．It varies from...to...它从……到……多样化
3．In some countries，people prefer to...rather than...在一些国家，人们更喜欢……而不是……
4．Some people like...while other people...有些人喜欢……而其他人……
5．It is important to...that...很重要的一点是……
6．Knowing these can help you...了解这些可以帮助你……
7．When...，it is best to...当……，最好是……
8．There are also some differences...也有一些差异……
肢体语言在人与人的交流中起着非常重要的作用，请用英语对肢体语言作简单的介绍。应包括如下要点：
1．肢体语言很重要，有共性；
2．文化背景不同，肢体语言的含义也不同；
3．跨文化交流时一定要注意肢体语言的使用，以免造成误解。
注意：词数应为80个左右。
第一步　审题谋篇
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇　(含本单元词汇)
1．交流；相互影响interaction
2．适应adjust (oneself) to
3．雇用；使用；应用employ
4．从……到……不同vary from...to...
5．保持距离keep a distance
6．做某事(对某人来说)是适当的it is appropriate (for sb) to do sth
7．指向point at
8．区分；辨别distinguish
9．消除隔阂break down barriers
10．矛盾；冲突conflict
11．尴尬的embarrassed
12．羞愧的ashamed
连词成句　(含本单元句型)
1．在人们与他人的日常交流中，肢体语言发挥着重要的作用。
Body language plays an important role in people’s daily interactions with others.
2．因为它不仅能帮助你更容易被理解，而且能使你尽快适应新环境。
Because it can not only help you make yourself more easily understood but it also makes you adjust to new environment as soon as possible.
3．当说话的时候，一些人喜欢彼此站得很近。
When they are talking，some people like standing close to each other.
4．在大多数国家，坐着时脚指向别人是不合适的。
In most countries，it isn’t appropriate to sit with your feet pointing at another person.
5．当你在国外时，最好区分手势的不同含义。
When you are in a foreign country，it is best to distinguish different meanings of gestures.
6．了解这些可以帮助你打破障碍，避免冲突。
Knowing these can help you break down barriers and avoid conflicts.
第三步　句式升级
1．用倒装句改写句2
Because not only can it help you make yourself more easily understood but it also makes you adjust to new environment as soon as possible.
2．用状语从句的省略形式改写句3
When talking，some people like standing close to each other.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
Body language plays an important role in people’s daily interactions with others.Because not only can it help you make yourself more easily understood but it also makes you adjust to new environment as soon as possible.Some gestures are widely employed as they have the same meanings.
Body language also varies from culture to culture.For example，when talking，some people like standing close to each other，but English people must keep a distance away.In most countries，it isn’t appropriate that you (should) sit with your feet pointing at another person.
So when you are in a foreign country，distinguishing different meanings of gestures will help you break down barriers and avoid conflicts.Otherwise，you will feel quite embarrassed，ashamed and anxious.
课时精练(四)
A卷(41分)
Ⅰ.完成句子(课文佳句仿写)(共4小题；每小题4分，满分16分)
(读后续写片段)
1．在去宿营地的路上，一个不愉快的话题出现了，简开始与丈夫吵架。(have words with)
On the way to the campsite，an unpleasant subject came up and Jane started to have words with her husband.
2．她心里充满了愤怒，她说她会找一个更好的地方露营，然后独自离开。(with的复合结构)
With anger filling her heart/With her heart filled with anger，she said that she would find a better spot to camp and then left alone.
3．在黑暗的森林中她焦虑地等待丈夫。(anxiety)
She waited for her husband with anxiety in the dark forest.
4．她想她一见到丈夫就能平息他们之间的矛盾。(have sth done)
She thought that she would have their conflict broken down the instant she met her husband.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Words are powerful: they have the ability to lift up the lowest of the low or tear down the highest of the high.But a strong argument could be made that our body language is even more influential.The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged.When these non-verbal signals are working together with our words，it creates communication synergy.
It has been suggested that two-thirds of our communication is non-verbal.Positive body language in a classroom setting has the ability to motivate，inspire and engage.It can not only give you the confidence you need to teach but can also inform your students that you actually know what you’re talking about.It can even make your students feel safe and confident enough to participate in the lessons more frequently.
Most leadership positions encourage body language that shows power and confidence.Signals include standing tall，gesturing only from the waist up，head straight and forward，and talking while pointing to others，which are obvious ways to exercise control.But when teaching，the non-verbal signals need to show a different type of leader.These signals convey warmth and understanding，reminding your students that you are approachable and there to help them grow.For example，fix your eyes on one student for about 15－30 seconds before changing to another student，which is one of the best ways to keep students’ focus.Nod your head.Give a thumbs up—maybe two! Show them they are on the right path and they will be more confident in continuing down it.
The importance of body language can never be ignored.It’s desirable that you should advocate using body language in teaching and pay attention to the use rule and using skills.You should use right，natural and clear body language.It’s crucial that you create good classroom atmosphere，inspire students’ imagination and grasp students’ mood.
1．Which has a similar meaning as the underlined word “synergy” in paragraph 1
A．Energy loss. B．Confusing result.
C．Individual effect. D．Combined power.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前半句“When these non-verbal signals are working together with our words”可知，肢体语言和语言一起工作时，会产生沟通协同作用。由此推知，画线词synergy为“协同作用”之意。故选D。
2．What do most leadership positions mainly express
A．Warmth. B．Control.
C．Understanding. D．Encouragement.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Most leadership positions...pointing to others，which are obvious ways to exercise control.”可知，大多数领导职位主要表现为控制。故选B。
3．What’s the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To explain a theory.
B．To make a description.
C．To give suggestions.
D．To summarize a debate.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，肢体语言的重要性不容忽视。在教学中提倡使用肢体语言，注意使用规则和技巧是可取的。教师应该使用正确、自然、清晰的肢体语言。营造良好的课堂氛围，激发学生的想象力，把握学生的情绪是至关重要的，由此可推断，最后一段的目的是给出建议，建议教师在教学中使用肢体语言。故选C。
4．What is the text mainly talking about
A．The importance of teacher’s body language.
B．The effective ways of good communication.
C．The value of teacher-student communication.
D．The prospect of students’ non-verbal learning.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The most effective communication occurs when the importance of body language in teaching is acknowledged.”和最后一段首句“The importance of body language can never be ignored.”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了教师肢体语言的重要性。故选A。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(满分15分)
在日常生活中，我们可以同时用话语和肢体语言来表达我们的想法以及与他人交流。那么你知道右边这幅图中的肢体语言代表什么意思吗？请用英语描述图片，并谈一谈你对肢体语言的认识与看法。注意：写作词数应为80个左右。
参考范文
People can employ both words and body language to demonstrate their thoughts or opinions and make interaction with other people in their daily life.Surely，body language will make their words come to life.
We should distinguish different body languages with different meanings.For example，in the picture the boy poses to stare at somebody in the distance，smiling slightly.In the meantime，he straightens up and puts one arm before his chest with his thumb up.We can make inferences from the gesture that he approves of what the person has done greatly.In other words，he is very satisfied.
Some kind of external body language often reveals a person’s internal thoughts，so understanding a person’s body language is very important for people to get along with each other.
课时精练(四)
B卷(32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，unease，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(愈合) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
1．What does the author say about silence in conversations
A．It implies anger.
B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culture-specific.
D．It is content-based.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。由第一段第一句及下文给出的“沉默”在不同文化中不同含义的例子可知，作者认为不同文化对于沉默的解读是有很大差异的，即它与特定的文化有关。因此答案为C。
2．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought
A．The Chinese. B．The French.
C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，许多印第安人珍视沉默，认为这是人与人之间交流的基本组成部分，就像一些传统的中国人和泰国人一样。因此，当一个来自其中一种文化的人说话突然停下来时，这暗示说话者想要倾听者在继续之前思考一下所说过的话。所以中国人认为谈话时突然沉默是为了让倾听者思考。故选A项。
3．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence
A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate its harm to patients.
D．Make use of its healing effects.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“A nurse who understands the healing(愈合) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients...”可知，作者建议护士利用沉默来关爱病人。故选D。
4．What may be the best title for the text
A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。全文自始至终都是围绕“沉默”而展开，论述其在不同文化中的含义及影响。因此答案为B。值得注意的是D项(雄辩是银，沉默是金)，该选项迷惑性较大，但文章并未涉及前半句的内容，故D项不适合作文章标题。
B
We’ve all been there: those times you need to argue your point of view to someone who you know disagrees with you.You immediately go to your keyboard and start to type out that 280-character tweet，the Facebook reply，or a paragraphs-long email.Surely the reason，logic，and strong power of your written words will convince whoever it is who disagrees with you to see your point of view.But new research suggests a different idea.
That research was conducted by Juliana Schroeder，assistant professor of University of California，Berkeley，and her colleagues.In Schroeder’s study of almost 300 people，participants were asked to watch，listen，and read arguments about subjects they agreed or disagreed with.They were asked to judge the character of the communicator and the quality of the argument.Schroeder’s team found that the participants who watched or listened to the communicator were less dismissive(抵触的) of their claims than when they read that communicator’s same argument.
The idea for her study came from a newspaper article about a politician.One of us read a speech that was printed in a newspaper from a politician with whom he strongly disagreed.The next week，he heard the exact same speech playing on a radio station.He was shocked by how different his reaction was toward the politician when he read the speech compared to when he heard it.When he read the statement，the politician seemed idiotic，but when he heard it spoken，the politician actually sounded reasonable.
So in the workplace，speaking to someone in person often involves nothing more than walking a few doors down to their office.And that’s exactly what you should do if you need to convince that boss or colleague of why your blueprint for the company or project is the right one.
Only as a last way should you try to communicate with someone who you disagree with over social media.Twitter’s limited text allowance and social media users’ short attention make arguing your point an uphill battle.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一个研究发现：与意见不同的人交流的最好的方法是当面交流。
5．What’s the result of the research
A．Written words are more logical and reasonable.
B．People prefer to communicate with keyboard.
C．When reading an argument，the participants were less dismissive than hearing it.
D．Oral，not written，communication works better.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，研究小组发现，相比观看或聆听交流者的言论的参与者来说，阅读文字的参与者更容易有抵触情绪，也就是说口头沟通比书面沟通更好。故选D。
6．Why is the politician mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To introduce the topic for discussion.
B．To summarize the previous paragraphs.
C．To explain why Schroeder conducted the research.
D．To introduce the politician’s speech.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，Schroeder的研究灵感来自一篇关于一位政治家的报纸文章，由此可知，第三段提到政治家就是为了解释Schroeder为什么开展这项研究。故选C。
7．What does the underlined word “idiotic” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Wise. B．Practical.
C．Silly. D．Special.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“but when he heard it spoken，the politician actually sounded reasonable”可知，当听到这位政治家的评论时，他说得好像很有道理。故idiotic与reasonable意思相反，意为“愚蠢的”。故选C。
8．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．To persuade your boss，you need to walk to his office and leave a message.
B．It’s difficult to fully explain your points due to social media’s limitation.
C．Arguing over social media is more convenient than speaking in person.
D．Communicating with others over social media is encouraged.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，推特的文字限制和社交媒体短暂的注意力，使得争论你的观点成为一场艰苦的战斗，由此可知，社交媒体的局限性使你很难解释你的观点。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Household chores like cooking，cleaning，washing the dishes，and making the bed are never done; they just get repeated like a broken record.Boring! 1 But there are science-based reasons for changing your attitude towards chores.It turns out that doing chores is great for your health.
2 As researchers state in a report，doing undemanding tasks allows the mind to wander.Your mind gets a break，which allows you to consider old problems with new eyes.In fact，undemanding tasks stimulate(激发) more creative ideas than demanding tasks or just resting.
Chores are linked to a lower dementia(痴呆) risk.To discover what activities might be linked to a lower rate of dementia，researchers analyzed massive amounts of healthcare data from the UK Biobank.They found that those most engaged in household chores had a 21 percent lower risk of dementia compared to those least engaged in chores. 3
Finishing your chores can increase motivation.BJ Fogg，author of Tiny Habits: The Small Changes That Change Everything，states that the most important skill is recognizing and celebrating pleting even a small task，like making your bed，can give you a sense of satisfaction. 4 Similarly，author Admiral William H．McRaven argues that if you want to change the world，start off by making your bed.
Chores are good for children’s mental health.Children develop a sense of ownership when they have jobs to do around the house and it makes them feel like they are an important member of the household. 5 In my own case，I bond with my daughter by gossiping(闲聊) and singing while we do chores together.
A．Chores are an opportunity for “me time”．
B．Chores can lead to creative problem-solving.
C．Thus，you feel motivated to deal with tasks one after another.
D．In this way，they can be taught to be independent and confident.
E．Like many people，you may regard chores as something annoying.
F．Doing chores with children also improves the parent-child relationship.
G．This result indicated simple changes could make a difference to health.
1．答案　E
解析　根据空前内容可知，人们认为做家务是很无聊的事情，根据空后的“But there are ...chores.”可知，改变对待做家务的态度是有科学依据的，由But可以推断，空处与上文一致，E项“和许多人一样，你可能认为家务是件烦人的事”与空后内容为转折关系，符合逻辑。故选E。
2．答案　B
解析　空处为段落主题句，根据空后内容可知，做一些要求不是很高的任务会让大脑得到休息，这样可以用新的思维考虑一些旧的问题。由此可知，该段讲述的是做家务之类的工作有助于解决问题，B选项“家务琐事可以带来创造性的问题解决方法”吻合，概括了本段的主题。故选B。
3．答案　G
解析　空处应是对上文内容的概括总结，根据空前内容可知，研究发现，做家务较多的人比较少做家务的人患上痴呆的概率要低21%，G选项“这一结果表明，简单的改变就能对健康产生影响”中的This result指代的为空前的研究发现。故选G。
4．答案　C
解析　根据本段主题句可知，本段讲述做琐碎的事情能增加你的动力，结合空前“即使是完成一件小事，比如整理床铺，也能给你带来满足感”可知，C选项“因此，你会感到有动力去处理一个接一个的任务”符合逻辑，其中的Thus表明因果关系。故选C。
5．答案　F
解析　根据本段的主题句可知，本段讲述的是做家务对孩子的身心健康有好处，F选项“和孩子一起做家务也能改善亲子关系”与本段的主题一致，且与空后内容一致。故选F。Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures—The -ing form(4) as the object and the predicative
阅读以下短文，感知标注序号的部分在句中作什么成分
When the old man was young，he was fond of ①wandering in the street，for he found it was ②interesting to talk to some people.As a consequence，he became better at ③communicating with others.Later，he came to this city and his job was ④talking to some old people.He was very popular with the old people and earned much money.This meant ⑤his being able to buy a small house，although he didn’t mind ⑥living in that old house.He enjoyed ⑦living in this city and never considered ⑧changing his job，because ⑨making up jokes to entertain the old people was an interesting thing for him.
(1)在句中作主语的是⑨；
(2)在句中作表语的是②④；
(3)在句中作宾语的是①③⑤⑥⑦⑧，其中①③在句中作介词的宾语，动名词的复合结构作宾语的是⑤。
一、v.-ing作宾语的用法
1．牢记下列用v.-ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，imagine，mind，practise，risk，suggest，miss，finish，keep等。
The student admitted being careless in doing homework.
这个学生承认做家庭作业粗心。
She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them.
她想象自己走进办公室，对每个人说出自己对他们的看法。
He escaped being killed in the blast because he had not gone to work.
他因没有去上班而避免了在那次爆炸中丧生。
2．只能接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：can’t help，insist on，end up，feel like，succeed in，prevent/stop/keep...from，devote...to，look forward to，pay attention to，be accustomed to，be used to，get down to，stick to，lead to，object to等。
They insisted on visiting that plant next week.他们坚持下个星期参观那家工厂。
I didn’t succeed in making myself understood by him.我没能让他理解我。
I have been looking forward to seeing you.我一直盼望见到你。
We should take effective measures to prevent our oceans from being polluted.
我们应该采取有效措施阻止我们的海洋受到污染。
3．动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。
The problem requires dealing with/to be dealt with immediately.
这个问题需要马上处理。
The building wants rewiring/to be rewired.这座楼房需要重新安装电线。
4．在allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语。
Our teacher does not allow cheating to go unpunished.我们的老师不允许作弊行为不受到惩罚。
They don’t permit scratching paint off the wall.他们不允许刮掉墙上的油漆。
注意：如果allow，advise，forbid，permit后有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit＋名词/代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。
He did not allow himself to be too upset by the news.他没有因听到这个消息而使自己过于烦恼。
5．有些动词、动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
stop to do 停下来去做(另外一件事)
doing 停止做(同一件事)
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
I’ve always regretted making friends with him.我一直后悔和他交了朋友。
I regret to say that I can’t attend your party.很抱歉，我不能参加你们的聚会。
I tried sending her flowers but it didn’t have any effect.我尝试送花给她，但是没有什么效果。
We must try to get everything done in time.我们必须设法及时把一切做好。
二、v.-ing作表语的用法
1．v.-ing作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...，这类分词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物。
The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging.你的演讲很有趣而且很令人鼓舞。
注意：不定式和v.-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。v.-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。
I was disappointed at this decision.我对这个决定感到失望。
The child was frightened to see the dog.这个孩子看到狗很害怕。
2．v.-ing作表语还可表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.
＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
三、动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构作宾语和表语有四种形式：
1．形容词性物主代词＋动名词；
2．名词所有格＋动名词；
3．代词宾格＋动名词；
4．名词＋动名词。
What made all of us worried was his/Jack’s not getting to the station on time.
他/杰克没有准时到车站让我们所有人都很担心。
Do you mind my/me/Jack’s/Jack leaving now？你介意我/杰克现在离开吗？
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．We employed ourselves in preparing for the coming exam.
我们正忙着为即将到来的考试做准备。
2．I have to acknowledge that what you said was really inspiring.
我不得不承认：你说的话确实鼓舞人心。
3．I regret to tell you that your assessment hasn’t met our requirements.
我很遗憾地告诉你，你的评估没有达到我们的要求。
4．Many people have suggested setting up more rules to protect animal rights.
很多人都建议制定更多规则以保护动物权益。
5．It is difficult to imagine his/him accepting the decision without any consideration.
很难想象他会不假思索就接受了这个决定。
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
愤怒的妻子大声问一名搬运工：“那个贼在哪里？”搬运工很迷惑，立刻回答道：“杰克是我曾知道的最好的人。我们的工作是把顾客的东西安全地送给他们。”然而，妻子讥讽道：“你一定在撒谎，要不然我的东西不会在你的推车里。”搬运工的脸气得通红，反驳道：“我们不是贼。但是问题是杰克在车祸中受伤了。尽管受伤严重，他的愿望是把你的东西送给你。因此我帮他。”一听到这番话，丈夫眼里含着泪水，妻子后悔对搬运工说如此刻薄的话。
The angry wife asked a porter in a loud voice，“Where is that thief？” The porter was 1.confused and responded at once，“Jack is the best guy I’ve ever known.Our job is 2.delivering customers’ things to them safely.” However，the wife sneered，“You must be lying，or my stuff couldn’t end up 3.being in your cart.” The porter，his face flushing with anger，retorted，“We are not thieves.But the problem is 4.Jack’s being injured in a car accident.Though he is badly injured，his wish is 5.to deliver your stuff to you.So I help Jack.” Upon 6.hearing that，the husband had tears in his eyes and the wife regretted 7.saying such sharp words to the porter.
课时精练(三)
A卷(71分)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共7小题；每小题2分，满分14分)
1．What the journalist said at the meeting sounded more convincing(convince)．
2．I didn’t mean to shrink (shrink)，but it was beyond my reach.
3.By comparison，his worst habit is smoking(smoke) while having dinner.
4．All the educators try their best to prevent the students from being lost(lose) in online games.
5．I wasn’t allowed to cycle(cycle) along the Mekong River together with my classmates，putting me in low spirits.
6．I still remember being employed (employ) by the company for the first time.
7．The incredible news that spread around her school was her being admitted(admit) to her dream university.
Ⅱ.单句写作(共8小题；每小题4分，满分32分)
1．穿这么少的衣服我禁不住打起哆嗦。
I couldn’t help shaking with so few clothes on.
2．自从他退休以来他就一直梦想着沿丝绸之路旅行。
He has been dreaming of traveling along the Silk Road since he retired.
3．晚饭后你想和我一起出去散步吗？
Do you feel like going out for a walk with me after supper
4．让事情更糟糕的是她缺席了那次会议。
What made things worse was her being absent from the meeting.
5．他成功的秘诀在于用积极的态度对待失望和失败。
The secret to his success is dealing with disappointment and failure in a positive way.
6．我很感激您帮助我克服如此多的困难。
I was grateful to you for helping me overcome so many difficulties.
7．我期待在您方便的时候早日收到您的回复。
I am looking forward to receiving your early reply at your earliest convenience.
8．毫无疑问，让我感到羞愧的是我背叛了朋友。
There is no doubt that what made me ashamed was my betraying my friend.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
As an actor，you’ve heard it before: Your body is your instrument.It’s a cliche for a reason—it’s true.Just as a guitar player or violinist needs to often fine-tune(微调) their instrument，you need to do the same.Here，let’s break down everything you should learn about body language exercises for actors，as well as why they’re necessary in the first place to enhance your acting skills.
Body language is the most emotive form of communication after verbal speech.You can learn so much about what’s going on inside based on what’s being externalized.Think about how some entertainment magazines often ask a “body language expert” to analyze a photo of a celebrity couple.However legit(合法的) that person’s expertise may be，there are many truths when it comes to body language.
By that same reasoning，think about how much an audience can learn about a character based on the actor’s body language.You can pass on subconscious(潜意识的) information about your role without saying a word.These exercises will put you in touch with your body and make you more aware of what you’re expressing to the outside world.They can help you get into the physicality of your character so that you can understand them inside and out.
Each performer is different and may have their preferable body language exercise.Take gait exercises as an example.How a character walks is especially telling; it’s literally how they move through the world.An individual’s way of walking can also change depending on how they’re feeling at the moment: excited，sad，scared，etc.Have a bash at different walking styles to show the person you’re playing.Besides，you can write the gestures.This one is actually a writing exercise，but it will still come in handy when we construct a performance.Write out a short scene between two characters who have an entire conversation using only their body language.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是演员肢体语言练习的所有内容，以及为什么肢体语言练习对提高演技是必要的。
1．What does the author mean by citing “Your body is your instrument.”？
A．Keeping healthy needs proper exercise.
B．Learning some music is necessary for actors.
C．Perfecting physical expression is important for actors.
D．Improving performing skills needs professional guidance.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第三句可知，吉他手或小提琴手微调乐器是很重要的，是为了更好的表演效果，所以作者引用“你的身体是你的乐器”是想说明完善身体表达对演员来说很重要。故选C。
2．What can we learn about body language from the example in paragraph 2
A．It is presented in various ways.
B．It gives us lots of information.
C．It hides deepest feelings.
D．It is likely to be ignored.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“You can learn ...when it comes to body language.(你可以从外化的事物中了解到很多关于内部发生的事情。想想看，一些娱乐杂志经常请“肢体语言专家”来分析名人夫妇的照片。不管那个人的专业知识有多规矩，当涉及肢体语言时，还是有很多事实的。)”可知，肢体语言给予我们很多信息。故选B。
3．What is the benefit of taking body language exercises for actors
A．Getting into the character you’re playing.
B．Inspiring your greater passion for acting.
C．Having realization of your inner body.
D．Receiving more performing chances.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“These exercises...you can understand them inside and out.(这些练习会让你与你的身体接触，让你更加意识到你在向外界表达什么。它们可以帮助你进入你的角色的身体，这样你就可以从内到外理解它们。)”可知，做肢体语言练习对演员的好处是能够让演员进入其所扮演的角色。故选A。
4．Which of the following can replace the underlined part “Have a bash at” in paragraph 4
A．Make out. B．Adapt to.
C．Try out. D．Bring up.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段的“different walking styles to show the person you’re playing”可知，此处指的是“尝试不同的走路方式来展示你所扮演的角色”，因此画线短语Have a bash at的意思是“尝试”，和Try out意思相近，故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Your body language will give out a lot more information in a job interview.1. (base) on your body language，it can be seen whether you are self-confident.It can also show if you are a busy or a quiet type and it helps give 2. impression of whether you are speaking 3. (truthful) or not.Body language can show how enthusiastic you are and if you are a nice person，who 4. (take) the work seriously，or who has a sense of burnout，and can enjoy a joke from time 5. time.The members of the application committee will ask you some questions,6. your answers won’t only be oral.The committee will not only pay attention to 7. you say，but also to how you say it！Body language will determine first if it “clicks”，and sometimes all it takes is just a few 8. (second)．Everybody 9. (use) body language，but it takes place mostly at a subconscious(下意识的) level.Using body language appropriately，you can certainly increase your chances of 10. (get) a job.
1．答案　Based
解析　考查非谓语动词。“it can be seen whether you are self-confident”为句子的主干，设空处应用非谓语动词形式。be based on意为“以……为基础”。
2．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。设空处修饰可数名词单数impression，且impression的首字母发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
3．答案　truthfully
解析　考查词性转换。修饰动词speaking应用副词形式，故填truthfully。
4．答案　takes
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处在定语从句中作谓语，who代指先行词a nice person，所以用第三人称单数形式；时态应与后面的并列从句时态一致，应用一般现在时。
5．答案　to
解析　考查固定短语。from time to time有时，不时。
6．答案　but
解析　考查连词。句意：申请委员会的成员们会问你一些问题，但是你的回答不只是口头的。根据句意可知，设空处前后的内容表示转折关系，故填but。
7．答案　what
解析　考查宾语从句。to为介词，to后的从句作宾语，设空处在从句中作宾语，故填what。
8．答案　seconds
解析　考查名词复数。a few修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填seconds。
9．答案　uses
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。Everybody作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式；根据后文的时态可知，用一般现在时，故填uses。
10．答案　getting
解析　考查非谓语动词。介词of后要跟动名词形式，故填getting。
课时精练(三)
B卷(35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
If you want to succeed in life，you need to express the proper body language，with or without having to say anything else.You will certainly notice a whole new reaction from people if you use the power of body language.
Relax your shoulders，keep your hands at your sides(never inside your pockets) and breathe slowly.Have a warm，welcoming facial expression as if you look forward to communicating.Depending on the situation，you may smile when appropriate.
Face the other person or your audience and keep eye contact as much as possible throughout the talk.Nodding and tilting(倾斜) your head closer can show that you are listening.
Do not fold your arms，look down at the floor or put your hands in your pockets.These can show that you are uninterested.If you have any comments，you can show them in negative but respectful ways like raising your eyebrows.
A lot of your body language can show how confident，interested，bored，angry or nervous you are.Keeping your head up throughout the entire conversation can show that you are very much into the conversation at hand.
You may feel free to use a few hand gestures to emphasize(强调) a point.If you’re enumerating things，it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track.
Pacing will help you create more ground if you have a larger crowd to communicate with.It will also show confidence on your part as you think of more things to say.
Be very careful when touching the other person since you are crossing the boundaries of body language through actual contact.Remember that in body language，it is your body that does the talking for you.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些身体语言表示的意思，提醒我们利用好身体语言。
1．According to the text，if you find a listener raising his eyebrows，he may .
A．try to show his anger
B．want to give his own opinion
C．not understand what you say
D．want to prove his confidence
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由第四段最后一句可知B项正确。
2．The underlined word “enumerating” in paragraph 6 may mean “ ”．
A．considering B．judging
C．numbering D．discussing
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。由第六段首句以及画线词后面的“...it’s better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track.”可知C项正确。
3．What’s the author’s suggestion if you have a larger crowd to communicate with
A．To walk at a slow pace.
B．To shake hands with every person.
C．To look down at the floor.
D．To fold your arms.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，如果与你交流的人比较多，建议你慢慢移动步伐去跟不同的人交流。故选A。
4．What is the most suitable title for the text
A．The Power of Body Language
B．The Attraction of Body Language
C．The Origin of Body Language
D．The Understanding of Body Language
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段最后一句可知，A项正确。
B
When we first meet new people，we all feel a little awkward and the key to getting our comfort back is being able to read the other person’s body language.Believe it or not，this is possible even from the very first few seconds when you meet that new person.
Eye contact is very important in communication，especially with new people.Good use of eye contact，which does not avoid the other’s，does not stare and does not linger on certain parts of the other’s body improperly，is a key part of getting to understand new people.Proper eye contact shows respect and it shows that you are interested in interacting with the other person.How much eye contact to make in different cultures？If you read the other person’s body signals correctly，you will see how much eye contact to make.
Posture says a lot about a person’s personality and mood.Slouching(低垂的) shoulders and a curved spine(脊柱) say that they are depressed，down and lacking confidence in themselves.
The tilt(倾斜) of a person’s head gives away their mood，too.A head which is balance both horizontally and vertically on the neck shows confidence and self-esteem.When they want to speak or make a particular point，the authoritative，confident person will usually lean their head forward just a little bit，but without taking up too much on the personal space of their listener.If they tilt their head to one side while you are talking，you can be assured that they are listening to you attentively and that they will be likely to give you time to speak and say what you have to say.Of course，this position can change，and it should.Nobody’s position should be maintained for too long as that will seem unnatural.If someone stays in one position and doesn’t speak for a long time，do check it：he/she may have fallen asleep!
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是如何通过分析一个人的肢体语言来了解其性格特征以及内心活动。
5．When you first meet a person，you should avoid .
A．staring at a certain part of his/her body
B．making eye contact
C．showing your personal interest
D．paying attention to his/her body language
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“Good use of eye contact，which...does not stare and does not linger on certain parts of the other’s body improperly...”可知，第一次见面的时候不应该把目光停留在对方身体的某个部位上。故选A。
6．If a person keeps a position for a long time while you are talking，he/she .
A．may be poor in memory
B．may be in a bad mood
C．may lack self-confidence
D．may lack interest
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，如果一个人长时间保持同一个姿势不说话，一定要确认一下，他/她也许是睡着了。由此可推知，他/她对所谈论的话题不感兴趣。故选D。
7．According to the passage，you will be happy to see the other person when you are talking.
A．nod his/her head from time to time
B．tilt his/her head to one side
C．change from one position to another often
D．keep his/her head balanced
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第四句可知，如果一个人侧着头听你说话，这说明他在认真听你讲。由此可推知，这样你会觉得很高兴。故选B。
8．What does this passage mainly talk about
A．How to use body language in communication.
B．How to understand other people by reading the body language they act.
C．How to make body language more understandable.
D．How to overcome our awkwardness when we meet strangers.
答案　B
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍的是如何通过分析一个人的肢体语言来了解其性格特征和内心活动。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
Four children in Colombia survived a plane crash.They were 1 in the jungle(丛林) for 40 days before they were finally 2 .How did the miracle of life come about
Lesly,13，was travelling with her family in a light aircraft when the engine was 3 and the aircraft crashed.All except Lesly and her three younger brothers died.
After the accident，Lesly took care of her younger brothers.She 4 through the wreckage(残骸) of the plane for food with her brothers.Once having 5 it，they sought wild fruits that they 6 to be eatable.They even used hair ribbons(丝带) to help build a 7 .
The rescuers’ discovery of a child’s drink bottle and a simple shelter gave searchers 8 that the children were still alive.To help the children，rescue packages were dropped to the jungle floor by the helicopter for them to get 9 ，along with 10,000 brochures telling 10 on how to survive.Speakers from a helicopter broadcast a(n) 11 message from the children’s grandmother telling them to stay 12 and wait for help.
13 ，a dog led the rescuers to the children，who seemed extremely weak from thirst，hunger and insect bites.Their aunt believed it was the wildness survival skills they learned at an early age that helped them 14 the difficult time.Lesly was highly spoken of for her courage and 15 .
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述四名哥伦比亚儿童在一架飞机坠毁后幸存下来，他们在丛林中生存了40天，最终被发现并得到救援的故事。
1．A.followed B．arranged
C．cheated D．trapped
答案　D
解析　根据上文“Four children in Colombia survived a plane crash.”和句中“in the jungle(丛林) for 40 days”可推知，孩子们在空难后被困丛林40天。故选D。
2．A.defeated B．convinced
C．rescued D．recognized
答案　C
解析　defeat击败；convince说服；rescue救援；recognize认出。根据下文“How did the miracle of life come about？”可知，出现了奇迹，由此可推知，孩子们最终得到了救援。故选C。
3．A.out of date B．out of action
C．in operation D．in sight
答案　B
解析　out of date过时；out of action不运转；in operation在操作中；in sight在视野内。根据句中“the aircraft crashed”可推知，飞机引擎失灵，不运转了，所以坠机。故选B。
4．A.searched B．designed
C．expected D．removed
答案　A
解析　search搜索；design设计；expect期望；remove去除。根据句中“the wreckage(残骸) of the plane for food”可知，莱斯利带着兄弟们寻找食物。故选A。
5．A.realized B．spotted
C．consumed D．gathered
答案　C
解析　realize实现；spot发现；consume吃；gather收集。根据句中“they sought wild fruits”可推知，他们吃完了在飞机残骸中搜寻到的食物。故选C。
6．A.pretended B．confirmed
C．imagined D．hesitated
答案　B
解析　pretend假装；confirm确认；imagine想象；hesitate犹豫。根据句中“wild fruits”和“eatable”可推知，他们要确认找到的野果是可以食用的。故选B。
7．A.future B．system
C．bridge D．shelter
答案　D
解析　future未来；system系统；bridge桥；shelter庇护所。根据下文“The rescuers’ discovery of a child’s drink bottle and a simple shelter”可知，孩子们搭建了一个庇护所。故选D。
8．A.faith B．doubt
C．luck D．regret
答案　A
解析　根据句中“that the children were still alive”可知，救援人员看到孩子们生活的痕迹时相信他们还活着。故选A。
9．A.assumptions B．promotions
C．messages D．supplies
答案　D
解析　assumption假设；promotion促销；message信息；supply补给品。根据句中“rescue packages were dropped to the jungle floor”可知，扔到丛林的救援包是给孩子们的补给品。故选D。
10．A.changes B．reviews
C．tips D．ads
答案　C
解析　change变化；review评论；tip建议；ad广告。根据句中“10,000 brochures”和“how to survive”可知，小册子里有关于丛林生存的建议。故选C。
11．A.ignored B．recorded
C．complete D．secret
答案　B
解析　ignored被忽略的；recorded记录的；complete完全的；secret秘密的。根据句中“Speakers from a helicopter broadcast”和“message from the children’s grandmother”可推知，扬声器播放的是录好的祖母的声音。故选B。
12．A.awake B．energetic
C．creative D．still
答案　D
解析　awake醒着的；energetic精力充沛的；creative有创造力的；still不动的。根据句中“wait for help”可知，祖母让孩子们不要移动，在原地等待救援。故选D。
13．A.Eventually B．Identically
C．Gradually D．Curiously
答案　A
解析　eventually最终；identically相同地；gradually逐渐地；curiously好奇地。根据上文可知，孩子们被困丛林40天，所以是“最终”他们被找到。故选A。
14．A.run across B．take up
C．get through D．set down
答案　C
解析　run across跑过；take up占据；get through度过；set down记下。根据句中“Their aunt believed it was the wildness survival skills they learned at an early age”可推知，姑姑认为是他们小时候学到的野外生存技能帮助他们度过了困难时期。故选C。
15．A.freedom B．wisdom
C．humor D．desire
答案　B
解析　根据上文可知，13岁的莱斯利带着弟弟们寻找食物，搭建庇护所，最终在丛林中活了下来，所以她是勇敢且有智慧的。故选B。

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