资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1．tackle vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
2．crisis n．(pl.crises) 危机；危急关头
3．boost vt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励
4．characteristic n．特征；特点；品质adj.典型的；独特的
5．attain vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
6．conventional adj.传统的；习惯的
7．intense adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
8．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜
9．output n．产量；输出；输出量vt.(output，output)输出
10．estimate vt.估计；估价；估算n.估计；估算
11．domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的
12．comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成
13．generate vt.产生；引起
14．leisure n．闲暇；休闲；空闲
15．soil n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土
16．celebrity n．名望；名誉；名人；名流
17．grain n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒
18．vision n．想象；视力；视野；影像
19．reality n．现实；实际情况；事实
20．urban adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的
21．bomb n．炸弹vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹
22．wheat n．小麦；小麦籽
23．flavour n．味道；特点；特色
24．organic adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
25．widespread adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
26．essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
27．mineral n．矿物；矿物质
28．grocery n．食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货
29．instance n．例子；实例；事例
30．root n．根；根茎；根部；根源
31．aspect n．方面；层面
32．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心
33．be comprised of包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
34．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上
35．in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
36．for instance例如；比如
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devoted adj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的→devotion n．献身；忠诚；热爱
2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简洁的
3．convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的
4．assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assume v．假定；设想；担任；承担→assuming conj.假定；假设
5．expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansion n．扩大；扩张；扩充
6．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n．消费者；用户；客户
7．salty adj.含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐
8．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extensive adj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的→extend vt.伸开；展开；延伸
9．chemical adj.与化学有关的；化学的n.化学制品；化学品→chemistry n．化学→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n．化学家；药剂师
10．nutritional adj.营养(物)的→nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n．营养；滋养
11．digest vt.& vi.消化vt.领会；领悟n.摘要；文摘→digestion n．消化
12．alternative n．可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的→alternatively adv.要不，或者
13．depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deep adj.深的→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地→deepen vt.& vi加深；(使)变深
14．entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj.全部的；完全的
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．Yuan made it possible to grow hybrid rice in large amounts, and he is called “father of hybrid rice”．n.杂交植物
2．Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.n.产量；产出
3．The transport service cannot cope with the strain of so many additional passengers. n．压力
4．They envisioned an equal society, free from poverty and disease.vt.展望；想象
5．The new broom sweeps clean, but the old brush knows the corners.n.扫帚
6．Trains will speed through the tunnel at 186 mph.n.地道；隧道
7．A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.vt.减轻；缓解
8．No one can deny the fact that unemployment is a major cause of poverty.n.贫穷；贫困
9．In America, a pesticide, a chemical, called DDT, was harming the animal eggs.n.杀虫剂
devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(常与介词to连用) (devoted adj.挚爱的；忠诚的devotion n．热爱；奉献；忠诚)
devote...to把……用于；献身；致力；专心
devote oneself to致力于；献身于
be devoted to专心于；致力于
(1)Devoted(devote) to his research，rarely does the scientist go to the cinema with his family.
＝ Devoting(devote) himself to his research，rarely does the scientist go to the cinema with his family.
[写作佳句]
(2)(话题写作之人物介绍)我最尊敬的人是袁隆平，他终生致力于研究杂交水稻和为人民服务。正是他的奉献和无私为他赢得了国内外的赞誉和尊重。
The person I respect most is Yuan Longping，who devoted his whole life to studying hybrid rice and serving the people/devoted himself to/was devoted to studying hybrid rice and serving the people in his whole life.It was his devotion and selflessness that won him much praise and respect both at home and abroad.
convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 (convincing adj.令人信服的convinced adj.确信的；坚信的)
convince sb of sth使某人确信/明白某事
convince sb that...使某人相信
convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事
be convinced (that)/of...坚信……
(1)Convinced(convince) that Li Hua has the ability to do the job，I am writing to recommend him to you.
(2)Based on so much convincing(convince) evidence，I convinced all the judges that it was Tom who was to blame for the crime.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) 意识到我家经济困难，我说服我自己交出我在工作中赚的所有钱。正是我父亲使我明白了我为家人做贡献的责任。我深信只要我们一家人努力工作，我们早晚会过上更好的生活。
Sensing that my family was in financial difficulty，I convinced myself to hand in all the money (that) I earned from my work.It was my father that convinced me of my responsibility to make contributions to my family.I was greatly convinced that as long as our family was devoted to working hard，we would lead a better life sooner or later.
assumption n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得(assume v．假定；认为；承担；担任assuming conj.假设)
on the assumption that...假定……
assume sb/sth to be＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)……
It is assumed that...人们认为……
assuming (that)...假设……
(1)Assuming(assume) that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council，I will organize more colorful after-class activities，varying from English speech competitions to outdoor sports.
→On the assumption(assume) that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council，I will organize more colorful after-class activities，varying from English speech competitions to outdoor sports.
(2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)The mother assumed the Mother’s Day breakfast to be(be) the most delicious in the world.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之传统文化)人们普遍认为喝茶不仅可以让我们提神，还能增强我们的记忆力。
People generally assume that/It is generally assumed that drinking tea can not only refresh ourselves but also strengthen our memory.
overcome(＝get over) vt.克服；解决；战胜；(常用于被动语态)受到……的极大影响
be overcome by/with fear/despair/depression 被恐惧/绝望/抑郁深深影响
(1)The wolf was overcome(overcome) with extreme anger；it began to roar and smack (猛击) the window violently.
[写作佳句]
(2)(读后续写之快乐心理描写)他们欣喜若狂，紧紧地拥抱在一起，好像永远不会再分开。
Overcome by great joy，they hugged together tightly as if they would never separate again.
(3)(读后续写之感激情绪描写)感激的泪水顺着脸颊流淌，伯纳德说道：“任何言语都无法表达我有多么感激你们帮助我解决了困难。”
With tears of gratitude streaming down his cheeks，Bernard said，“No words can express how grateful I am to you for your helping me(to) overcome my problem.”
comprise vt.包括；包含；由……组成
由……组成
(1)(2020·天津，书面表达)The coming-of-age ceremony is comprised(comprise) of three parts—raising the national flag and singing the national anthem，speeches by the headmaster and three student representatives and the closing ceremony.
[写作佳句]
(2)(话题写作之学校活动)由听讲座、参加汉语书法比赛和观看视频组成，我们俱乐部提供的这些活动几乎受到所有学生的欢迎。
Comprised of/Consisting of/Made up of/Composed of listening to lectures，taking part in Chinese calligraphy competitions and watching videos，the activities our club provides are popular with almost all the students.
in turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
by turns轮流
take turns to do sth轮流做某事
It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
It turns/turned out that...结果是……，原来是……
in return作为回报
(1)Bernard and John took turns to sell(sell) popcorn in the market.
(2)Our head teacher has been helping us overcome various problems and as a result，we determine to hold a special birthday party for him in return.
(3)The audience reacted warmly and excitedly as each of the women spoke in turn.
[写作佳句]
(4)轮到我做演讲了。结果我鼓舞人心的演讲吸引了所有的师生，这使我欣喜若狂。
It was my turn to deliver a speech.It turned out that my inspiring speech appealed to all the students and teachers，which made me wild with joy.
essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
be essential to/for对……很重要
It is essential that...(should) do...……做……是完全必要的。
It is essential for sb to do...对某人来说做……是完全必要的。
(1)In reality， learning about the history of the Tang Dynasty is essential to/for you before you learn Tang poems.
[写作佳句]
(2)(2023·北京，书面表达)公众应该相互合作，共同制定建设绿色北京的切实可行的计划，这是很必要的。
It is essential that the public (should) team up with one another/for the public to team up with one another to work out practical plans regarding building a Green Beijing.
alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternatively adv.要不，或者)
have no alternative but to do sth别无选择只好做某事
have the alternative of doing sth有做某事的选择
an alternative to ……的替代品
(1)When you visit your Chinese friends for the first time，you can bring a bunch of flowers or alternatively(alternative) buy a carton of milk.
(2)To protect the environment，public transportation and walking can be an alternative to private cars.
(3)What Youth appeals to me is that I have the alternative of reading(read) inspiring stories or attaining much pleasure from the latest news.
[写作佳句]
(4)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写) 担心其他孩子会嘲笑他，大卫别无选择只好放弃越野赛，眼里闪烁着泪花。
Afraid that other kids would laugh at him, David had no alternative but to quit/give up the cross-country run, with tears clouding his eyes.
Ⅰ.一词多义
yield A.产生 收益 ，提供　B.屈服，让步　C.放弃，缴出　D.折断，变形
1．He unwillingly yielded to their demands. B
2．Despite our attempts to break it, the lock would not yield. D
3．The research yields useful information. A
4．He refused to yield up his gun. C
digest A.v.领会，领悟　B.n.摘要　C.v.消化
5．(2020·全国Ⅲ) Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. C
6．It often takes a long time to digest new ideas. A
7．The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics. B
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．Winning the competition was a wonderful boost for her morale.n.激励
2．The night before the test I was overcome by fear and despair.v.(感情上)受到极大影响
3．I repeated the question and waited for her to expand.v.详细阐明
4．His paintings really catch the mood and flavour of the country.n.特色
5．We got to the root of the problem.n.根源
课时精练(一)
A卷(47.5分)
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
1.In other words，ideal life doesn’t always consist with the reality.
2．Some students are under intense(很大的) pressure，which makes some educators worried.
3．She was satisfied to see that her twin sons both attained(获得) 5 “A” grades in their exams.
4．Our English teacher called on us to read more English novels with the intention of expanding our vocabulary.
5．He strongly suggests that we should participate in outdoor activities with the purpose of alleviating our anxiety.
6．Don’t judge anything about the idea until you have digested(领悟) it entirely.
7．What made him embarrassed was that his son copied others’ work in many aspects(方面)．
8.Merely five years after his death，smartphones defeated conventional(传统的) PCs in sales.
9．More and more small shops have the tendency to be absorbed into big ones due to global financial crisis(危机)．
10．It was estimated(估计) that the cost to rebuild the stadium would be $8 million，so we should adjust the previous design.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
1．Devoted(devote) to tackling the difficult problem，he has no time to care for his family affairs.
2．My conclusion was based on the assumption that the new method could yield wonderful results.
3．I found his speech not convincing(convince) due to a lack of reliable data.
4．(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)The educator was overcome with/by great sadness，tears rolling down without control.
5．The medical team comprised(comprise) of five experts decided to give up the conventional way to treat the disease.
6．You have no alternative but to overcome(overcome) the present difficulty.
7．We won’t get exhausted on the assumption that we take turns to drive(drive) on the way to the remote village.
8．It is essential for us to relax(relax) ourselves in our leisure time.
9．A shortage(short) of medicine and medical workers implied that many soldiers died without being treated.
10．We must study the incident in depth(deep) to figure out its root.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
On September 7,1930，Yuan Longping was born in Beijing.Fluent in English，his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche’s works to him.Influenced by his mother，Yuan Longping liked English，geography and chemistry at school.After graduating from university，he became a teacher in the countryside of Hunan in 1953.
With lots of crop failures，nationwide hunger hit China in the 1960s，making many people live a bad life.Yuan was sad and felt he must do something.Since the climate in Hunan was not friendly to growing wheat，he decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice，a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people.From then on，he began a lifelong connection with rice.
Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world’s first high-production hybrid rice(杂交水稻) variety in 1973，which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu，increasing more than 200 kg than before.For the next four decades，he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice.In 2020，hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg per mu in two growing seasons，a new world record.
Nowadays，the hybrid rice is grown in almost half of China’s rice fields and its production accounts for 60 percent of the total rice production in China.The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds，the yearly increase of which feeds up to 100 million people.
In 2019，Yuan Longping，known as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”，was awarded Medal of the Republic，China’s highest honor.
Yuan Longping’s biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties，which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem.So far，the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown in over 40 countries，including the USA，Brazil and India.
1．What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text
A．He began to study hybrid rice in 1973.
B．He received the highest honor in China at 90.
C．He ever taught math in the city after graduation.
D．He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“With lots of crop failures...and felt he must do something...devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice，a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people.”可知，袁隆平面对饥荒非常痛心，他决定致力于研究如何增加水稻的产量，由此可推知他曾经希望中国人能免于饥饿。故选D。
2．How does the author mainly show the achievements of Yuan Longping in hybrid rice
A．By listing figures.
B．By quoting reports.
C．By imagining results.
D．By explaining reasons.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu，increasing more than 200 kg than before”和“achieved 1,500 kg per mu in two growing seasons，a new world record”以及第四段可推知，作者主要通过列数字展示了袁隆平在杂交水稻方面的成就。故选A。
3．Which of the following best describes Yuan Longping according to the text
A．Patient and honest.
B．Energetic and athletic.
C．Capable and remarkable.
D．Humorous and adventurous.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三、五段内容可知，袁隆平在杂交水稻领域成果丰硕，而且获得了“共和国勋章”，由此可推知，袁隆平很能干，很了不起。故选C。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The life of Yuan Longping.
B．The team of Yuan Longping.
C．The honor of Yuan Longping.
D．The education of Yuan Longping.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的生平。故选A。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
Food is part of who we are.We all need it，survive because of it and derive happiness from it.So if food matters so much，why do we let so much of it go rotten in our fridges，or get thrown out in our stores Sadly，we love food，but we don’t take care of it. 1 Here are ways to help us love our food better and grow respect for the world behind what we eat.
Reduce your food waste.
Buy only the food you need，store food wisely，donate excess and turn leftover food into the next day’s meals.When we waste food，all the resources used for growing，processing，transporting and marketing that food are wasted too. 2
Support your local food producers.
Chefs get awards，stars and recognition for their creations.But what about our farmers 3 Shop at your local markets and get to know your farmers.Giving them your business is giving them your recognition and respect.
Adopt a healthier，more sustainable diet.
4 We get energy and maintain health from good food.We normally don’t care the power that food and nutrition have over our bodies.Too much of it，or too much of only one kind of it，can lead to obesity，deficiencies or diet-related diseases.
5
By treating each meal with pride，we respect the farmers who produced it，and the resources that went into it.Respect can be passed on.Talk to the people around and to the next generation about making informed，healthy and sustainable food choices.
Respecting food means appreciating the back-story of food.When we know the full picture，it is easier to see what our food really stands for and how precious it really is.
A．Have a conversation.
B．Learn where food comes from.
C．Our bodies consume calories and nutrients.
D．For many people on the planet，food is giving.
E．Food is so much more than what is on our plates.
F．One third of all food produced globally is lost or wasted.
G．Without them，we wouldn’t have the fresh food we need on a daily basis.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了食物浪费的现象过于严重，并提出了可以帮助我们更好地爱惜食物，并培养对食物背后的世界的尊重的几个方法。
1．答案　F
解析　根据前文提到我们并不珍惜食物的例子和空前一句可推知，设空句应继续讲述食物浪费的情况。选项F“全球生产的粮食有三分之一被损失或浪费”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
2．答案　E
解析　根据前文可知，浪费食物所带来的是一系列的浪费，这表明食物对我们来说意味着很多。选项E“食物远不止是我们盘子里的东西”总结前文，符合题意。故选E。
3．答案　G
解析　根据该部分主题句可知，该部分强调支持本地的“食品生产者”，且前文“But what about our farmers？”提及了农民，可推知设空句应解释农民的重要性。选项G“没有他们，我们就不会获得我们每天需要的新鲜食物”用双重否定句强调了农民的重要性，them就是指上文的farmers。故选G。
4．答案　C
解析　根据该部分主题句可知，该部分强调健康饮食。选项C“我们的身体消耗热量和营养”承接主题句，选项中的“calories”，“nutrients”与后文中“energy”和“nutrition”相呼应，衔接紧密。故选C。
5．答案　A
解析　设空句为段落主题句。根据后文“Talk to the people around and to the next generation about making informed，healthy and sustainable food choices.”可知，该段强调“与周围的人和下一代谈论明智、健康和可持续的饮食选择”，因此，设空句作为段落主题句，应突出核心词汇“谈论”。选项A“进行交谈”与后文“Talk to...”相呼应。故选A。
课时精练(一)
B卷(35分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Plans to bring wild tigers back to their original home，their historical range(历史分布范围) in the Ili-Balkhash region，have been announced by Kazakhstan(哈萨克斯坦) and an agreement with World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to conduct a tiger reintroduction program has been signed.“It will not only bring wild tigers back to their original home，but also protect the unique ecosystem of the Ili-Balkhash region，” said Askar Myrzakhmetov，the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
If successful，Kazakhstan will be the first to bring wild tigers back to a region after half a century.Only reintroduction projects within national borders and current tiger habitats have been achieved.Kazakhstan’s program is unique and urgently requires restoring a vast forest part of the wild tiger’s historical range.
Since the beginning of the 20th century，wild tigers have lost over 90 per cent of their historical range.Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s，due to the loss of habitat.To prepare for the return of wild tigers，Kazakhstan will set up a new nature reserve in the southwestern Ili-Balkhash，in order to restore the unique forest habitat.This will include the protection of existing wildlife，and reintroducing important prey(猎物)，such as the endangered wild Bactrian deer(中亚红鹿)．
Restoring tigers will also help protect Lake Balkhash and prevent it from repeating the fate of the Aral Sea，formerly the world’s fourth largest lake and now 10 percent of its original size.“The hard work remains ahead of us.We have to spare no effort to make this region ready for tigers and involve all the relevant people to make this happen.That means dealing with illegal activities，having these people who govern parks be well-trained and equipped，increasing prey populations and involving local communities，” said Ekaterina Vorobyeva，Director of the WWF program.
1．What is Askar Myrzakhmetov’s attitude toward the tiger reintroduction program
A．Doubtful. B．Favorable.
C．Concerned. D．Disapproving.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。由第一段中的“It will not only bring wild tigers back to their original home，but also protect the unique ecosystem of the Ili-Balkhash region”可以推断，Askar Myrzakhmetov对重新引进老虎的项目是支持的。故选B。
2．What made the wild tigers disappear in the Ili-Balkhash region
A．The increasing loss of prey.
B．The evolution of the species.
C．The lack of natural living places.
D．The serious environmental pollution.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s，due to the loss of habitat.”可知，19世纪40年代末野生老虎在此区域完全消失是由于栖息地的丧失。故选C。
3．Which measure may be taken for the reintroduction of tigers
A．Regulating human activities.
B．Limiting the number of prey.
C．Building a reserve for tigers only.
D．Training tigers to be more adaptable.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“We have to spare no effort to make this region ready for tigers...That means dealing with illegal activities...”可知，实施这个项目需要做很多准备工作，其中包含处理违法活动，即规范人类的活动。故选A。
4．What is the best title of the passage
A．Efforts to Restore Forests in Kazakhstan
B．Bringing Tigers Back Home to Kazakhstan
C．Attempts to Handle Illegal Activities Effectively
D．Preventing Tigers Disappearing in Kazakhstan
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。文章一开始就介绍了哈萨克斯坦准备重新引进野生老虎的计划，下文是对这一计划的背景、内容、意义、准备工作等方面的展开介绍。所以选项B与文章主旨一致，最适合作本文的标题。故选B。
B
Most of the world’s crops depend on honeybees and wild bees for pollination(授粉)，so decline in both managed and wild bee populations raises concerns about food security，the study notes in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.
“We found that many crops are pollination-limited，meaning crop production would be higher if crop flowers received more pollination.We also found that honeybees and wild bees provided similar amounts of pollination in general，” said senior author Rachael Winfree，a professor at Rutgers University-New Brunswick.“Managing habitat for native bee species and stocking more honeybees would raise pollination levels and could increase crop production.”
Pollination by wild and managed insects is important for most crops，including those providing basic micronutrients，and is important for food security，the study notes.In the US，the production of crops that depend on pollinators generates more than $50 billion a year.According to recent evidence，European honeybees and some native wild bee species are in decline.
At 131 farms across the United States and in British Columbia，Canada，scientists collected data on insect pollination of crop flowers and yields(产量) for apples，highbush blueberries，sweet cherries，tart cherries，almonds，watermelon and pumpkin.Of those，apples，sweet cherries，tart cherries and blueberries showed evidence of being limited by pollination，showing that yields are currently lower than they would be with full pollination.Wild bees and honeybees provided similar amounts of pollination for most crops.
The annual production value of wild pollinations for all seven crops was an estimated $1.5 billion-plus in the US.The value of wild bee pollination for all pollinator-dependent crops would be much greater.
“Our findings showed that the decline of pollinators could translate directly into decreased yields for most of the crops studied，” the study says.The findings suggest that adopting practices that protect wild bees，such as increasing wildflowers and using managed pollinators other than honeybees，is likely to raise yields.Increasing investment in honeybee colonies(群落) is another possible choice.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一项研究发现，作为授粉者的蜜蜂数量的下降会导致农作物减产。
5．Which of the following will Rachael Winfree agree with
A．Food security has nothing to do with pollinators.
B．More pollination leads to higher crop production.
C．Honeybees will disappear from the earth soon.
D．Wild bees have better pollination ability than honeybees.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“We found that many crops are pollination-limited，meaning crop production would be higher if crop flowers received more pollination.”可知，Rachael Winfree认为如果作物花朵得到更多的授粉，作物产量将会更高，所以她会赞同“更多授粉能带来更高的作物产量”。故选B。
6．What does the underlined word “generates” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Wastes. B．Creates.
C．Spends. D．Experiences.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前句可知，昆虫授粉对粮食安全很重要，结合画线词后的“more than $50 billion a year”可知，此处是描述依赖授粉的作物每年所创造的产值，以进一步说明授粉的重要性，故可推知generates意为“创造，产生”，故选B。
7．How will an apple grower in the US feel when reading this text
A．Excited. B．Relieved.
C．Worried. D．Embarrassed.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Of those，apples，sweet cherries，tart cherries and blueberries showed evidence of being limited by pollination，showing that yields are currently lower than they would be with full pollination.”可知，由于授粉受限，如今在美国苹果的产量低于完全授粉条件下的产量，故推知在美国种植苹果的人读到这篇文章会感到担忧，故选C。
8．What’s the purpose of the text
A．To present a research finding.
B．To explain how to raise bees.
C．To present the world’s food problem.
D．To describe the process of pollination.
答案　A
解析　写作意图题。通读全文尤其是第一段和最后一段首句可知，本文介绍了一项研究发现，由于世界上大多数作物都依赖蜜蜂授粉，因此蜜蜂数量的下降会直接导致农作物减产，从而威胁到粮食安全。故本文目的是呈现一项研究发现，故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
Tuan was a farmer in Vietnam.For decades，he 1. (struggle) to rid his family 2. hunger.However，3. always confused him 4. to expand the output of his crops.5. (give) that he faced this disturbing problem，he even regretted being a farmer.
One day，when 6. (skim) through a newspaper，Tuan read a comment on Yuan Longping.He underlined Yuan’s nationality and occupation，and then focused on his discovery and the statistics of his research.He found the knowledge Yuan circulated very 7. (practice)．
Therefore，he made a summary and began to build up a new farming method.He planted super grain of rich nutrition and equipped 8. (him) to keep his crops’ roots free from bacteria and pests.He also enriched minerals in the soil while reducing chemical fertilisers.Though it cost him more time and freedom，he was full of hope.
The next year，Tuan was sunburnt but 9. (satisfy) with his production very much.
10． (thank) to Yuan Longping，he not only won the battle against hunger，but he could also export his crops abroad.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位越南的农民受到袁隆平故事的激励而努力改进种植方式，提高农作物产量的故事。
1．答案　had been struggling
解析　考查动词的时态。根据For decades和was可知，此处应用过去完成进行时。
2．答案　of
解析　考查介词。rid sb of...意为“使某人摆脱/去除……”，为固定搭配。
3．答案　it
解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处用it作形式主语。
4．答案　how
解析　考查“疑问词＋to do”结构。“how to expand the output of his crops”是真正的主语，how在句中作状语。
5．答案　Given
解析　考查过去分词。此处考查固定句型given that，意为“鉴于，考虑到”。位于句首，首字母大写。
6．答案　skimming
解析　考查现在分词。此处为状语从句的省略，补全句子为“when he was skimming...”。
7．答案　practical
解析　考查词性转换。此处为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，空处用形容词practical作宾语knowledge的补足语。
8．答案　himself
解析　考查代词。此处和主语He为同一人，应用反身代词加强语气。
9．答案　satisfied
解析　考查词性转换。be satisfied with意为“对……满意”，为固定短语。
10．答案　Thanks
解析　考查固定短语。thanks to意为“由于，多亏”，为固定短语。Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Ways to increase the rice output.
B．Yuan Longping’s dreams.
C．Yuan Longping’s super hybrid rice.
D．Yuan Longping—an agricultural pioneer.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．Why did Yuan Longping consider himself a farmer
A．He was born in a farmer family.
B．He was known as the “father of hybrid rice”．
C．He was educated at an agricultural college.
D．He continually worked the land in his research.
答案　D
2．Why did Yuan Longping choose to study agriculture
A．Because his parents wanted him to do so.
B．Because he wanted to win awards in this field.
C．Because farmers sometimes suffered from serious shortage of food at that time.
D．Because he wanted to make more money by selling seeds.
答案　C
3．How long did it take Yuan Longping to develop his super hybrid rice
A．12 years. B．14 years.
C．21 years. D．30 years.
答案　C
4．Which of the following can we know from the passage
A．Yuan Longping lived a life of leisure.
B．Most experts on agriculture agreed on the possibility of developing a kind of hybrid rice.
C．“Seawater rice” is a kind of rice that has a low output.
D．Yuan Longping was not interested in becoming famous or wealthy.
答案　D
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
Yuan Longping，who is known as the “father of hybrid rice”，considered himself a farmer.Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to 1.whom he had devoted his life.When he was young,2.what concerned him most was farmers’ 3.shortage(short) of food to eat，so he chose to study agriculture at college.After graduating in 1953，he worked as a researcher.He realised that larger fields were not the solution and devoted himself to 4.creating(create) a kind of hybrid rice，which could attain a 5.higher(high) yield.In 1974，he succeeded in making it a reality.Today,60% of domestic rice 6.consumption(consume) in China is comprised of crops 7.generated(generate) from his hybrid strains，for which he received numerous awards both in China and abroad.But the humorous old “farmer”，8.caring(care) little for celebrity or money，still lived a simple life.Even 9.in his later life，he still tried 10.to fulfil(fulfil) his dreams of ridding the world of hunger.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”， was one of China’s most famous scientists(scientist)．(P50 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是简单句，过去分词短语known as ...作定语，修饰Yuan Longping。
汉语翻译：被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。
2．Yet, he considered himself(he) a farmer because he continually(continual) worked the land in his research.(P50 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句，because引导的是原因状语从句。
汉语翻译：然而，他把自己看作是一位农民，因为在研究过程中他不断耕耘土地。
3．However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage(short) of food to eat.(P50 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句，what concerned him most是主语从句，what在此处的意思是“……的事”，that farmers often had poor harvests...是表语从句。
汉语翻译：然而，他最关心的是农民经常粮食歉收，有时甚至出现严重的食物短缺。
4．To tackle this crisis, he chose to study(study) agriculture and received an education(educate) at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.(P50 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是简单句，动词不定式短语To tackle this crisis在句中作目的状语，and连接并列谓语chose和received。
汉语翻译：为了应对这一危机，他选择学习农业，在位于重庆的西南农学院接受教育。
5．Instead, farmers needed to boost yields(yield) in the fields they had.(P50 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，they had 是定语从句，修饰先行词the fields，引导词that/which因在从句中作宾语而被省略了。
汉语翻译：而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。
6．How this could be done was a challenging(challenge) question at the time.(P50 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，How this could be done 是由How引导的主语从句。
汉语翻译：如何实现这一目标成为当时一个颇具挑战性的问题。
7．Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found(find) in the creation of hybrid rice.(P50 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，that引导的是宾语从句。
汉语翻译：袁隆平确信答案可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到。
8．One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher(high) yield than conventional crops.(P50 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，that引导的是表语从句，引导词that在从句中没有词义，只起连接作用，不可省略。
汉语翻译：杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。
9．However, whether it was possible to develop(develop) a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.(P50 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，whether it was possible ...rice是由whether引导的主语从句。
汉语翻译：然而，是否可能开发出水稻等自花授粉作物的杂交品种，仍众说纷纭。
10．The common assumption(assume) then was that it could not be done.(P50 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，that引导的是表语从句。
汉语翻译：当时人们普遍认为这是不可能实现的。
11．Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties(difficulty) to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974.(P50 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，to develop the first hybrid rice是不定式短语作目的状语，that could be used for farming是定语从句，修饰先行词hybrid rice，引导词that在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。
12．Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption(consume) in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce(produce) around 200 million tons of rice per year.(P50 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句，it is estimated that ...中it是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语，that只起连接作用，不作任何成分；generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains是过去分词短语作定语，可转化为定语从句that/which are generated from...；and连接两个并列句。
汉语翻译：据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。
13．Yuan’s innovation(innovate) has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam.(P51 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句，that depend on rice as well是定语从句，先行词是other countries, that在从句中作主语；not just...but...结构表示“不仅……而且……”。
汉语翻译：袁隆平的创新不仅养活了中国，也养活了以稻米为主食的许多其他国家，如印度和越南。
14．What impressed people most about Yuan Longping was(be) his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams.(P51 Para.6)
结构分析：此句是复合句，What impressed people most about Yuan Longping是主语从句，What是连接词，且在从句中作主语，意思是“……的事情”；to fulfil...是动词不定式作后置定语。
汉语翻译：袁隆平给人们印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。
15．He succeeded in producing(produce) a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad.(P51 Para.6)
结构分析：此句是复合句，that could feed more people at home and abroad是定语从句，修饰先行词a kind of rice, that在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：他成功培育出能够养活更多人的水稻品种，甚至出口海外。
16．Even in his later years, Yuan Longping was still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone was always excited to see(see) what he would dream up next.(P51 Para.6)
结构分析：此句是复合句，what he would dream up next是what引导的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：即使在他晚年，袁隆平仍然保持年轻的心态，而且满怀憧憬，大家都热切地期待他的下一个不同寻常的想法。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
修辞手法在读后续写中的运用
Indeed，his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers，to whom he had devoted his life.(P50 Para.1)
确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
结构分析：此句是复合句，to whom he had devoted his life是“介词＋whom”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词farmers；was like是明喻修辞手法。
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明喻：在强调两种事物的相似点的同时，本体、喻体、喻词都出现，喻词有like，as，as...as，as if，compared to，be similar to等；
暗喻：也叫隐喻，根据两个事物间的某些共同特征，将某一事物的名称用于另一事物。暗喻一般是本体、喻体都出现，但找不出像like，as，as if之类的喻词；
拟人：指把事物直接当作人来描写；
夸张：以一种言过其实的说法实现强调的目的。
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(1)(景象描写)寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的小刀一样刺痛我的脸。(明喻)
The icy wind started howling，cutting my face like a sharp knife.
(2)(情感描写)我如鲠在喉，泪水湿润了眼眶。(暗喻)
I felt a lump in my throat，tears welling up in my eyes.
(3)(情感描写)当他们告诉我这个消息时，我乐不可支。(夸张)
When they told me the news，I was over the moon/on top of the world.
(4)(情感描写)恐惧把他吞噬了。(拟人)
Fear took hold of/seized/swallowed him.
given that
Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy，one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(P51 Para.5)
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，有人可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
结构分析：此句是复合句，given that引导的是条件状语从句，he would have retired to a life of leisure是省略了that的宾语从句。
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given that用作连词，可根据语境译为“考虑到、鉴于、假如、如果、只要、在有……的情况下”；
其他同义表达有considering/regarding (鉴于、考虑到)，supposing(假如)，assuming(假使)，as long as (只要)；
given that后面跟从句；given与之意思相同，但后面常跟名词。
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(1)(应用文写作之邀请信)考虑到你痴迷于乒乓球，我写信告诉你我们学校的乒乓球队现在正招募新队员。
Given that you are keen on table tennis，I am writing to tell you that the Table Tennis Team of our school is recruiting new members at present.
(2)(2021 新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)考虑到这对双胞胎没有做母亲节早餐的经验，父亲面带笑容地乐意帮助他们。
Given that/Considering that the twins had no experience in cooking a Mother’s Day breakfast，the father was willing to help them，with a smile spreading on his face.
(3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)老师给我一个鼓励的微笑，温柔地说：“只要你专心写作，你一定会成功的。”
Casting an encouraging smile to me, my teacher said gently, “As long as you devote yourself to writing, you will definitely make it.”
课文重点词块默写
1．be like像
2．pursue a career追求事业
3．a serious shortage of 严重缺乏
4．tackle this crisis解决这个危机
5．choose to do sth选择做某事
6．a matter of 一个……问题
7．enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事
8．be comprised of由……组成
9．depend on依赖；依靠
10．far from远非；一点也不
11．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上
12．make large donations大笔捐款
13．fulfil one’s dreams实现某人的梦想
14. succeed in doing sth成功做某事
15．dream up凭空想出
课时精练(二)
A卷(40分)
Ⅰ.完成句子(课文佳句仿写)(满分15分)
(读后续写片段)
1．Vingo指着照片低声说道：“我妻子不仅使我们的房子温馨而且专心于照顾我们的孩子。”(be devoted to)
Vingo pointed at the photo and murmured，“Not only does my wife make our house warm but also she is devoted to taking care of our children.”
2．假设他出狱了，看到橡树上的手帕，他就会下车回家。(on the assumption that)
On the assumption that he was released from prison and saw a handkerchief on the oak tree，he would get off the bus and go home.
3．快到他的家乡时，Vingo绷紧了脸，好像在保护自己免遭又一次的失望。(as if)
As he approached his hometown，Vingo tightened his face as if protecting himself against another disappointment.
4．Vingo非常焦虑和紧张，他的双腿不受控制地颤抖，脸色煞白。(be overcome with)
Vingo was overcome with extreme anxiety and nervousness，with his legs trembling without control and his face losing the color.
5．直到Vingo看到橡树上的许多手帕他才确信他的妻子仍然爱他。(be convinced that)
It was not until Vingo saw many handkerchiefs on the oak tree that he was convinced that his wife still loved him.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
A South Korean company is operating the country’s largest indoor “smart farm” inside a former road tunnel(隧道)．The farm produces fruits and vegetables hydroponically(以水栽培的方式)，which means the plants do not grow in the ground.Instead，they grow on vertical(垂直的) equipment that provides a continuous flow of water.
There are other vertical smart farms in South Korea.But this one，built by the company NextOn about 200 kilometers south of Seoul，is the nation’s biggest.It is also one of the largest indoor vertical farms in the world，with a total area of 2,300 square meters.But what makes the farm even more unusual is the fact that it sits inside a huge tunnel.The tunnel was built in 1970 for one of South Korea’s first major highways，but it closed down in 2002.NextOn signed an agreement with the government to take over the tunnel and turn it into a high-tech farm.
NextOn officials say the tunnel environment provides ideal conditions for an indoor farm.It keeps a steady temperature of between 10 and 22 degrees Celsius.The tunnel is also completely dark，making it easier to provide exactly the night amount of artificial light.
The farming system can produce more than 60 different kinds of fruits and vegetables.The company said foods produced in the indoor farm are also healthier since harmful chemicals are not necessary to prevent large insect attacks.It can be difficult，though，for smart farmers to make a profit because of the high cost of building and operating.But NextOn said it cut its building costs in half by using the former tunnel and developing its own lighting and water systems.These technologies reduced water and energy use and the need for workers.Sensors also measure things such as temperature，light and air quality.
In South Korea，indoor vertical farming is seen as a possible solution to crop damage related to extreme weather that could get worse due to climate change.The country’s farming industry has also been hurt by shortages of land and workers.
The company says it plans to expand its farm inside the tunnel in the near future to begin growing even more kinds of fruits，as well as plants used for medical purposes.
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了一家韩国公司正在运营韩国最大的室内“智能农场”，与众不同的是，该农场位于一条废弃的公路隧道内。
1．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The advantages of smart farms.
B．How special the smart farm of NextOn is.
C．What role NextOn plays in smart farms.
D．The history of the company NextOn.
答案　B
解析　段落大意题。由第二段内容可知，这座由NextOn公司在首尔以南200公里处建造的农场是韩国最大的垂直智能农场，也是世界上最大的室内垂直农场之一。但让这个农场更不寻常的是它坐落在一条巨大的隧道内，尤其根据more unusual推知，第二段主要谈论NextOn的智能农场有多特别。故选B。
2．How are the products from the indoor farm compared with traditional ones
A．They’re healthier.
B．They cost less.
C．They’re richer in sugar.
D．They bring a smaller profit.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。由第四段中的“The company said foods produced in the indoor farm are also healthier...prevent large insect attacks.”可知，这座室内农场的产品比常规产品更健康。故选A。
3．Which of the following is a reason for South Korea’s turning to vertical smart farms
A．Its lack of labor.
B．Its lack of water.
C．Its food shortage.
D．Its poor air quality.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。由倒数第二段“In South Korea，indoor vertical farming is seen as a possible solution...also been hurt by shortages of land and workers.”可知，韩国转向垂直智能农场是由于极端天气、土地和工人短缺情况的影响。故选A。
4．What is the company’s attitude to the future of the smart farms in the tunnel
A．Worried. B．Positive.
C．Carefree. D．Doubtful.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。由最后一段“The company says it plans to expand its farm...plants used for medical purposes.”可知，该公司未来要扩大生产，种植更多种类的水果和药用植物，说明该公司对其前景持积极态度。故选B。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
This morning after an evening fight with my three-year-old daughter，I couldn’t wait to get her to school.I was tired from the anger and her 1 to communicate because of her slow language development.
As I led her into the car，I felt 2 .Nothing was right with our world.She was born when my family had been going through a lot of 3 .Then my child’s language problem was 4 ，but doctors struggled to help her.I felt like we both needed to be 5 .
I returned that afternoon as 6 with the little girl I loved as when I left.Walking toward the school’s playground gate，I spotted her preschool teacher racing to 7 me.
“You should have seen her today！” 8 ，his breathy words were supported by 9 .“See that climber.” He 10 a wooden piece of playground equipment that looked like a rock wall.I nodded.“Well，every day since she started school，she’s tried but 11 to reach the top.” He took a breath.“But today she 12 it！”
He expressed his joy like he’d seen her conquering(征服) Mount Qomolangma! “She cheered and celebrated! I wish I’d recorded it！” His words gave me some 13 .My daughter had conquered her mountain.As she ran toward me，I 14 something I hadn’t before.I saw her determination.I saw her strength.I saw a 15 .
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者因孩子语言发展缓慢而失望，但是孩子在学校坚持不懈完成自己的目标，作者在孩子身上看到了不一样的品质。
1．A.attempt B．need
C．inability D．desire
答案　C
解析　根据下文“because of her slow language development”可知，作者的女儿语言发展缓慢，因此作者对于她交流上的无能感到厌倦。故选C。
2．A.nervous B．peaceful
C．hopeless D．curious
答案　C
解析　根据下文“Nothing was right with our world.”可知，作者对于自己的生活不满意，因此感到很绝望。故选C。
3．A.sufferings B．emotions
C．efforts D．celebrations
答案　A
解析　根据上文“Nothing was right with our world.”可推断作者的女儿出生的时候，家里也在经历不好的事情。故选A。
4．A.prevented B．replaced
C．solved D．identified
答案　D
解析　prevent阻止；replace替代；solve解决；identify鉴定。根据下文“doctors struggled to help her”可知，作者孩子的语言问题是被医生鉴定出来的。故选D。
5．A.protected B．rescued
C．balanced D．respected
答案　B
解析　protect保护；rescue拯救；balance平衡；respect尊敬。根据上文“but doctors struggled to help her”以及“we both needed”可知，作者认为自己和孩子都需要被拯救。故选B。
6．A.disappointed B．honest
C．strict D．pleased
答案　A
解析　根据前文“after an evening fight with my three-year-old daughter”以及“I was tired from the anger and her...language development”可知，此处指作者送女儿上学时感到疲倦、失望，去接孩子时心情也没有改变，和之前一样失望。故选A。
7．A.greet B．hear
C．praise D．escape
答案　A
解析　根据上下文“Walking toward the school’s playground gate”以及“You should have seen her today！”可知，因为孩子在学校表现出色，老师看见作者时很兴奋，而且作者是走向操场门口，老师应该是出来迎接作者。故选A。
8．A.Originally B．Obviously
C．Fortunately D．Eventually
答案　B
解析　originally起初；obviously显然；fortunately幸运地；eventually最终。根据上下文“racing to”以及“his breathy words”可知，老师的兴奋是显而易见的。故选B。
9．A.complaint B．confidence
C．excitement D．bravery
答案　C
解析　根据下文“He expressed his joy”可知，老师很开心很兴奋。故选C。
10．A.took up B．pointed to
C．cut down D．worked out
答案　B
解析　take up拿起，接受；point to指向；cut down砍倒；work out解决。根据上下文“See that climber.”以及“a wooden piece of playground equipment”可知，老师是指着一个操场上的设施让作者看。故选B。
11．A.determined B．rejected
C．intended D．failed
答案　D
解析　根据下文“She cheered and celebrated！”可知，今天她做到了，说明之前都没有成功。故选D。
12．A.missed B．ignored
C．tried D．made
答案　D
解析　根据下文“She cheered and celebrated！”可知，她今天做到了，所以在欢呼庆祝。make it表示“成功了，做到了”。故选D。
13．A.comfort B．luck
C．imagination D．description
答案　A
解析　根据上下文“I was tired from the anger and her to communicate because of her slow language development.”以及“She cheered and celebrated! I wish I’d recorded it！”可知，作者送女儿上学时对她是很失望的，但是老师对于孩子的成功称赞不已，这对于家长来说是一种安慰。故选A。
14．A.displayed B．recognized
C．taught D．provided
答案　B
解析　根据下文的三个“I saw”可知，作者发现了孩子身上的决心和毅力，这是作者以前没有能意识到的。故选B。
15．A.player B．mother
C．hero D．teacher
答案　C
解析　根据上文“My daughter had conquered her mountain.”以及“I saw her determination.I saw her strength.”可知，作者的女儿克服了自己的困难，完成自己的目标，表现出了决心和力量，此时她在作者眼中就是一个英雄。故选C。
课时精练(二)
B卷(32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States.Some companies in the food industry are investing(投资) even as competitors fail.
California-based Plenty Unlimited this summer began working on $300 million indoor plants，while Kroger announced that it would be increasing its availability of vertically(垂直地) farmed produce.Meanwhile，two indoor farming companies that got strong backing—New Jersey’s AeroFarms and Kentucky’s AppHarvest—filed for financial failure and reorganization.And a five-year-old company in Detroit，Planted Detroit，shut its doors this summer.
The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo，a grower with Eden Green Technology，an indoor farming company.“The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to，” he said.
Indoor farming refers to growing crops indoors，which experts sometimes call “controlled environment agriculture”．There are different methods.One method called vertical farming involves putting produce from floor to ceiling，often under artificial lights and with the plants growing in nutrient-enriched water.Other growers are trying very large greenhouses，indoor beds of soil in big buildings and using special robots for parts of the farming process.
Supporters say growing indoors uses less water and land and permits food to be grown closer to consumers，saving on transport.Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change.
But critics question the sustainability(可持续性) of operations that can require a lot of energy for artificial lights.And they say paying for that light can make profitability impossible.Curt Covington of AgAmerica Lending，a private investment company centered on agriculture，is not convinced that indoor farming operations can work—except in special cases.Given the high costs of indoor operations，Covington said，“It’s just hard to be very profitable.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了室内种植食物的现状和人们对室内种植食物的看法以及室内种植食物不确定的前景。
1．What is Jacob Portillo’s attitude to the indoor food growing industry
A．Positive. B．Worried.
C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据第三段“The industry changes do not worry Jacob Portillo...‘The fact that other people are failing and other people are succeeding is going to happen in any industry you go to，’ he said.”可推断，Jacob Portillo对室内食物种植业持积极乐观的态度。故选A。
2．What can we learn about indoor farming
A．It takes a lot of manpower to take care of plants.
B．It means growing plants in water instead of soil.
C．It protects crops from increasingly extreme weather.
D．It is different from controlled environment agriculture.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段末句“Indoor growing is also a way to protect crops from increasingly extreme weather caused by climate change.”可知，室内农业保护作物免受日益极端的天气影响。故选C。
3．Why did Curt Covington question indoor farming operations
A．They produce little food.
B．They carry great costs.
C．They need sunlight.
D．They lack investors.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Given the high costs of indoor operations，Covington said，‘It’s just hard to be very profitable.’”可知，Covington质疑室内农业的运营是因为其成本太高。故选B。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．What Types of Food Can Be Grown Indoors
B．How Can You Grow Food Indoors Without Soil
C．Indoor Farming Companies Take Agriculture Indoors
D．Indoor Food Growing Operations Face an Uncertain Future
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段首句“Indoor food growing operations are seeing both successes and failures in the United States.”以及最后一段首句“But critics question the sustainability...artificial lights.”并结合文章可知，本文主要说明了室内种植食物的现状、人们对室内种植的看法以及室内种植食物不确定的前景。故选D。
B
The Chinese Farmers’ Harvest Festival is the first national festival that has been set up for farmers since 2018.There is no doubt that without farmers’ hard work，social and economic development is impossible.The creation of the harvest festival is meeting Chinese farmers’ expectations for society’s emphasis on agriculture.It reminds people that more attention needs to be paid to agriculture and farmers since agriculture is the foundation(基础) of China’s national economy and the source of the Chinese population’s food supply including grain，meat，vegetables and fruits.
The most important thing is how to celebrate the festival.Farmers are the major players during this festival and relevant authorities(有关部门) plan and promote harvest activities in a way that attracts farmers’ interest and draws them out to participate.This will hopefully lead to their celebrating the festival with energy and enthusiasm，which will impact on the coming years’ celebrations.Apart from farmers，people from all walks of life can also take a short trip to different places and take part in the harvest activities.Not only can they experience and taste the joy of the harvest，but they can also buy green agricultural products online and offline to contribute to farmers’ incomes.
The festival creates an atmosphere of respect and caring for farmers.It is necessary to make full use of preferential policies，capital and good environment to boost agricultural production and the rural economy，and to improve farmers’ living conditions so that they can devote themselves to their agricultural work.Although recent years have seen economic growth in most rural areas，there has not been the same increase in farmers’ income.The festival will help to increase food output，encouraging farmers to grow more quality food，which will greatly improve farmers’ life quality.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自2018年以来中国为农民设立的第一个全国性节日——中国农民丰收节。
5．What is the purpose of establishing the Chinese Farmers’ Harvest Festival
A．To increase food varieties for Chinese people.
B．To spread ancient Chinese agricultural culture.
C．To stress the importance of farming and farmers.
D．To promote the development of modern agriculture.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The creation of the harvest festival is meeting Chinese farmers’ expectations for society’s emphasis on agriculture.It reminds people that more attention needs to be paid to agriculture and farmers” 可知，设立丰收节是为了强调农业和农民的重要性。故选C。
6．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The ways of celebrating the festival.
B．The present situation of agriculture.
C．The history of celebrating the festival.
D．The new directions in agriculture.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“The most important thing is how to celebrate the festival.”以及本段内容可知，第二段主要介绍了庆祝丰收节的方式。故选A。
7．What does the underlined word “boost” in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Predict. B．Promote.
C．Study. D．Control.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子中的“make full use of preferential policies(要充分利用优惠政策)”以及“improve farmers’ living conditions(改善农民的生活条件)”可知，boost的意思与improve“提高；改善”相近。故选B。
8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Science. B．Health.
C．Education. D．Economy.
答案　C
解析　文章出处题。本文主要介绍了中国农民丰收节，这个节日具有教育意义，它提醒人们要更加关注农业和农民，因为农业是中国国民经济的基础，也是中国人口粮食、肉类、蔬菜和水果供应的来源。所以文章最有可能出现在报纸的Education“教育”版面。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分10.5分)
(2024·浙江宁波期中)
The UK，Finland，Germany，and Sweden are consistently the top performers in European tech ecosystems.These countries also have the largest economies in Europe. 1 Well，let’s find out now.
2 Even more amazing This country is home to many basic scientific principles.The world’s first steam engines，electric motors，the Internet，and the jet engine are all inventions of this country.The UK government and its businesses have been spending billions of dollars on research and development to drive innovation in biotech.
Finland is second in digital life overall，and first in cashless payment.This is because the Internet plays a vital role in Finland’s digital life.High-speed Internet access and freedom of speech make the Finnish ecosystem more sustainable，with good Internet access and mobile coverage in remote areas. 3
Since the beginning，Germany’s industry has supported scientific research.German society and economy take pride in their research-development efforts. 4 Mercedes，BMW，and Volkswagen are some examples.
Sweden is a leader in technological innovation，with remarkable achievements in web development and mobile apps.For years，Ericsson and other large tech companies dominated the market. 5 Other Swedish companies like Spotify，Torrent，and Skype are now leading the charge.
Above are some European countries with the most advanced technological and digital expertise.As we know，the race for technological progress between countries is never over.
A．Here comes the truth.
B．The tide has turned today.
C．Most residents there can switch on easily.
D．We want to see how Europe’s tech countries compare.
E．Not all the countries experienced the smooth development.
F．This is supported by evidence from global automotive brands.
G．The British Empire was once the most developed country in the world.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章比较了欧洲科技生态系统中表现最好的国家——英国、芬兰、德国和瑞典。
1．答案　D
解析　根据空后的“Well，let’s find out now.”以及下文可知，文章是对这四个欧洲国家的科技进行了比较。D项“We want to see how Europe’s tech countries compare.”可以引出下文段落中的比较。故选D。
2．答案　G
解析　根据下文可知，本段讲的是英国的科技。G项“The British Empire was once the most developed country in the world.”符合语境，且“Even more amazing ”是对G项的肯定，并为下文“This country is home to many basic scientific principles.”作铺垫。故选G。
3．答案　C
解析　上文“High-speed Internet access...with good Internet access and mobile coverage in remote areas.”说明了网络很好地覆盖了芬兰的偏远地区。C项“Most residents there can switch on easily.”与上文形成顺承关系，且C项中的“there”指上文中的“in remote areas”。故选C。
4．答案　F
解析　下文“Mercedes，BMW，and Volkswagen are some examples.”提到了一些汽车品牌。F项“This is supported by evidence from global automotive brands.”能够自然地引出下文。故选F。
5．答案　B
解析　上文“For years，Ericsson and other large tech companies dominated the market.”与下文“Other Swedish companies like Spotify，Torrent，and Skype are now leading the charge.”形成了转折，即主导市场的科技公司发生了变化。B项“The tide has turned today.”作为过渡句，符合语境。故选B。Section Ⅲ 　Discovering Useful Structures—Subject clauses
阅读以下短文，认真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题。
Since he graduated from college，he had been in low spirits.①What made him upset was that his mother was always complaining about something.His father had been out of work for a long time.It worried him ②that their family would get into debt if he couldn’t find a suitable job.However，③what he was thinking about was what his parents didn’t understand.They often urged him to look for a job as soon as possible.It was really a problem for him ④that he didn’t know how to communicate with his parents.⑤Whether he would find a job in the local factory was bothering him，for he planned to go to a bigger city.
以上黑体部分均为主语从句，在整个句子中充当主语，一般放在句首，如①③⑤；也可以用形式主语it代替，而将从句后置，如②④。⑤中的Whether意为“是否”，引导主语从句，不可换成if。
一、主语从句的定义
如果一个从句在句子中担当主语，那么这个从句就是主语从句。主语从句通常放在主句的谓语动词之前，有时也由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
你将要来伦敦是这么长时间以来我听到的最好的消息。
Whether they would support us was still a problem.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
What impressed me most was that they had all suffered a lot.让我印象最深刻的是他们都受过很多苦。
Is it true that he is the girl’s father？他是那个女孩的父亲，是真的吗？
二、主语从句的引导词
Conjunctions(连接词) Functions(成分) in the clause
从属连词 that，whether 不充当成分
连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever 主语、宾语、表语、定语
连接副词 when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however 状语
(1)从属连词：that，whether
①that引导主语从句时只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义。但是，that不能省略。
That he is kind to that skinny child is clear to us.我们都知道他对那个瘦瘦的孩子是友好的。
②whether在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，意为“是否”。注意：if不可引导位于句首的主语从句，但可以用于it作形式主语的从句中，此时if＝whether，但此时if不能与or not直接连用。
Whether genetically-modified food does us harm remains to be seen.
＝It remains to be seen whether/if genetically-modified food does us harm.
转基因食物对我们是否有害有待观察。
(2)连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 等
连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语，起连接作用，有实际意义。
What is bothering that girl isn’t known to us.我们不知道什么正困扰着那个女孩。
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的事都值得好好地做。
Which of all those ways is the best is uncertain.所有那些方法中哪一个最好还不确定。
Whom we should serve is a question of vital importance.我们应当为谁服务是一个极为重要的问题。
Whose carelessness spoilt the work must be made clear.必须查清是谁的粗心破坏了工作。
Who will teach us to enlarge our vocabulary is still open to question.
谁会教我们扩大词汇量还有待讨论。
(3)连接副词：when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever等
连接副词在从句中常作状语，可表示时间、地点、方式和原因，起连接作用并且有实际意义。
When and where the meeting will take place has not been decided yet.
开会的时间和地点还未决定。
Why he is so obsessive about his appearance is still a puzzle.
他为何如此迷恋自己的外表仍然是个谜。
How he earned his living before is not clear to me.我不清楚他以前是如何谋生的。
三、it作形式主语
当句子主语过长时，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型：
句型 说明
It＋系动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important，(un)likely，possible，necessary，natural，wrong等。
It＋系动词＋名词词组＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词词组有a fact，an idea，an honour，a wonder，no wonder，a pity等。
It＋系动词＋过去分词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的过去分词有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought等。
It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.学生学好英语很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。
It depends on the weather whether they are going shopping today.他们今天是否去购物取决于天气情况。
It is no wonder that your students have made such great progress.难怪你的学生进步这么大。
考点警示
1．从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述句语序。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你们中谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。
2．主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式；但what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的数应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。
When we shall have our sports meeting has not been decided.我们什么时候开运动会还没有确定。
What they need are books.他们需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
How and why he came to this city is a story of struggle and success.
他如何以及为什么来到这个城市是一个充满奋斗和成功的故事。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．What he referred to in his article was unknown to the general readers.
一般读者不了解他在文章中所提及的内容。
2．As you know，what we’ll do is tackle the problem quickly.
正如你所知，我们将要做的事是尽快解决这个问题。
3.In other words，it matters little how a person dies，but what matters much more is how he lives.
换句话说，一个人怎么死的不太重要，但更重要的是他是如何活着的。
4．It remains to be seen whether/if the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
新组建的委员会的政策是否会付诸实施还有待观察。
5．Whichever one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
你们当中无论哪一个打破窗户都必须赔偿。
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
我所了解的是你们将在1月20日举办一场以“汉语日”为主题的活动。这里有一些建议来让它变得令人惊奇和有教育意义。在我看来，你们让观众参与娱乐活动是很重要的。中国书法展示了汉字的美，这是一个事实，所以你可以从它开始。更重要的是，为了突出这门优雅语言无与伦比的魅力，强烈建议举办中文演讲比赛。不可否认，你做的任何事都应该围绕着相关的话题。是否采纳上述建议由你决定。我真诚地希望你能记录下这场难忘的演出，并与我分享你的成就！
1．What I have learnt/learned is that you will hold an activity with the theme of “Chinese Language Day”，which falls on January 20th.Here are some tips to make it amazing and educational.From my perspective，it is important 2. that you should engage audience in entertaining activities.It is a fact 3.that Chinese calligraphy demonstrates the beauty of Chinese characters，so you can start with it.More importantly，to highlight the unmatched charm of this elegant language，a Chinese speech contest is highly recommended.There is no denying that 4.whatever you do should center on the relevant topic.It is up to you 5.whether you will adopt the above suggestions.I sincerely hope you could record this unforgettable show and share your achievement with me！
课时精练(三)
A卷(77分)
Ⅰ.把下列每题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)
1．Why did they suddenly disappear？It still remains a mystery.
→Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
2．He said something at the meeting.His words were very attractive.
→What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
3．It was a pity.You missed such a good lecture.
→It was a pity that you missed such a good lecture.
4．We should practise oral English for an hour every day.It is our rule.
→It is our rule that we should practise oral English for an hour every day.
5．Shall we go picnicking tomorrow？It depends on the weather.
→Whether we will go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共8小题；每小题4分，满分32分)
1．(读后续写之哭泣描写)她握着我的手，呜咽着说：“谢谢！你所说的话对我非常重要。”
She held my hand，whimpering，“Thanks！What you said has made a great difference to me.”
2．(读后续写之哭泣描写)他们所做的事情深深地感动了我们，我们的泪水止不住地往下流。
What they had done deeply moved us，our tears rolling down without control.
3．(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)约翰突然想到他可以做爆米花来帮助伯纳德，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
It occurred to John that he could make popcorn to help Bernard，with eyes glittering with excitement.
4．(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)不确定他是否能够成功地吓跑狼，他的心吓得狂跳。
It was uncertain whether he could successfully frighten away the wolf，his heart beating wildly with extreme fright.
5．(读后续写之环境描写)更糟糕的是，不知不觉间树林里起雾了，这无疑增加了我们找到回家的路的困难。
What was worse was that fog crept in the forest without being noticed，which undoubtedly added to our difficulty finding our way home.
6．(应用文写作之求助信)如何提高英语口语对我来说仍然是一个难题，因此我写信向你寻求建议。
How I will improve my spoken English is still a puzzle to me，so I am writing to ask for your advice.
7．英语作为一门国际语言正日益为人们所接受，这是事实。
It is a fact that English，as an international language，is increasingly accepted by people.
8．吃绿色蔬菜有助于增强体力，这一点已经得到证实。
That eating green vegetables contributes to building up strength has been proved.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Imagine being able to pop to your local park and pick some tomatoes，potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner.Sounds too good to be true，right For residents of Andernach，Germany，it’s not just a dream—it’s their reality.
In 2010，Andernach began its edible(可食用的)city project，planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre.Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows，as are any other visitors.The town’s motto of sorts is “Picking is encouraged—help yourself！” Every year a new type of plant is highlighted.In 2011,100 types of beans were planted，while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties.
It’s a community effort，as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens.This offers an opportunity to socialise as well as to learn about planting，cultivating and harvesting food.
An Andernach resident spoke to DW，“I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home.Everything is easily accessible.There aren’t any fences.You just take what you need.The only thing is that you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone！”
Andernach may have been the first in Germany，but it isn’t the only edible city.It’s part of the Edible Cities Network，a project funded by European Union to connect green urban foot initiatives around the world.Other cities include Carthage in Tunisia，Havana in Cuba and Sempeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia.In February 2022，the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place.Dr Ina Saumel，principal investigator of the Edible Cities Network，called it “a unique opportunity to invite researchers of edible city solutions and practitioners to the same table”．
Ultimately，the Edible Cities Network aims to give people “greener，more edible and，above all，more livable cities”．It is a response to the pressures of global climate change，and a significant cause full of hope.
1．What can residents do in public green spaces according to the edible city project
A．Sell the produce they grow there.
B．Learn knowledge about planting.
C．Grow whatever plant as they like.
D．Pay to pick some vegetables there.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“This offers an opportunity to socialise as well as to learn about planting，cultivating and harvesting food.”可知，居民可以学习一些种植的知识。故选B。
2．Which words can best describe the edible city project in Andernach
A．Novel and popular.
B．Creative and costly.
C．Common and fundamental.
D．Rare and unacceptable.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，可食用城市项目鼓励人们自由采摘公共绿地种植的蔬果，而且每年都会有新的品种，可推知这种做法比较新颖。根据第四段中“The only thing is that you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone！”可知，可食用城市项目种植的东西很受人们欢迎，行动慢了就没了。故选A。
3．What can we know about the Edible Cities Network according to paragraph 5
A．Andernach is the only city to carry it out.
B．European Union originally established it.
C．The Conference helps combine its theories with practices.
D．It invites people to share meals together.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中“Dr Ina Saumel...called it ‘a unique opportunity to invite researchers of edible city solutions and practitioners to the same table’．”可知，大会有助于将Edible Cities Network的理论和实践结合起来。故选C。
4．What is the purpose of the Edible Cities Network
A．To help residents relieve their pressure.
B．To involve residents in urban planting.
C．To increase the produce supply in cities.
D．To create environmentally friendly cities.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately，the Edible Cities Network aims to give people ‘greener，more edible and，above all，more liveable cities’．”可知，Edible Cities Network的目标是创建更宜居、更环保的绿色城市。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
A new research suggests planting trees and other plants near factories could reduce pollution by almost one-third.The 1. (add) of plant life may even cost less and be more effective than technology 2. (design) to cut pollution.The findings 3. (report) in the publication Environmental Science & Technology earlier on.
The lead author of the study was Bhavik Bakshi，4. is a professor of chemical and biomolecular(生物分子) engineering at The Ohio State University in Columbus.Bakshi and other researchers collected data about air pollution and plant life 5. 48 American states.
They knew that trees and plants were absorbing lots of 6. (harm) emissions from the air.So they 7. (attempt) to find out whether new vegetation could reduce air pollution’s effects.
“People 8. (seek) to solve air pollution problems need to start looking at nature and learning from it，” Bakshi said.He added that nature-based 9. (method) could result in “win-win” solutions that save money and are better for the environment.However, 10. kinds of trees or plants would be best at reducing air pollution has not been identified.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，在工厂附近种植绿植可减少三分之一的污染，比科技治污更经济有效。
1．答案　addition
解析　考查词性转换。句意：植物的增添甚至可能比专用于减少污染的科技更省钱有效。The后面，of前面应用名词，表示“增添”的行为，不可数，故填addition。
2．答案　designed
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处作technology的后置定语，在意义上design与technology是动宾关系，故填designed。
3．答案　were reported
解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子并由时间状语earlier on可知，这里应用一般过去时的被动语态，又因为findings是复数形式，故填were reported。
4．答案　who
解析　考查定语从句。此处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Bhavik Bakshi，指人，且引导词在从句中作主语，故填who。
5．答案　in
解析　考查介词。句意：Bakshi和其他研究员在美国的48个州收集关于植被和空气污染的数据。表示较大的地点，用介词in，故填in。
6．答案　harmful
解析　考查词性转换。应用形容词修饰名词emissions，故填harmful。
7．答案　attempted
解析　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，且是发生在过去的动作。故填attempted。
8．答案　seeking
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是后置定语修饰People，且People与seek之间是主谓关系，故填seeking。
9．答案　methods
解析　考查名词复数。method在此表示“方法，办法”是可数名词，此处为复数意义。故填methods。
10．答案　which/what
解析　考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作kinds的定语，表示“哪几种”或“什么品种”，故填which/what。
课时精练(三)
B卷(35)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
A Rhode Island grower is the first in the world to achieve three records in the hobby of growing enormous foods.The three world records consist of the heaviest pumpkin and the longest gourd(葫芦)．And now it includes the heaviest squash(南瓜)．
Joe Jutras previously broke two records.Joe got his third last weekend when he broke the giant squash record.It weighed 2,118 pounds.This was at Frerichs Farm in Warren last Saturday.
His other titles came in 2006.That is when he broke the record for the longest gourd.It was a 126.5-inch gourd.In 2007，he broke the record for the largest pumpkin.It weighed in all 1,689 pounds.
Both previous records have since been surpassed.But Jutras is the only grower so far to break world records in the three most competitive categories.
“It feels great，” Jutras said Monday.“It’s really been a goal of mine to try to achieve this.”
Jutras has been working on the three records for a decade，since his pumpkin won.He was close to the goal a few years ago.But he failed.Now 62，Jutras recently retired from his work as a high-end cabinetmaker.He wants to devote more time to his hobby.
Jutras noted that others had won multiple world records for fruit and vegetables before.But they won in categories such as carrots that are not as competitive.
Jutras says his fruit is headed to New York City.It will be on display this month at the New York Botanical Garden.
Asked what he plans to do next，he says he’s been thinking about the bushel gourd.
“I think the record now is about 279 pounds，” Jutras said.“That might be something I might want to get into a bit.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了乔·朱特拉的业余爱好是种植巨型蔬菜，他已成为世界上第一个在种植巨型蔬菜方面打破三项世界纪录的非专业人士。
1．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean
A．The records Jutras set in 2006 and 2007 have been broken by others.
B．Jutras was awarded a lot of money for the two records.
C．Jutras is determined to break his previous records.
D．No one else can compare with Jutras.
答案　A
解析　句意理解题。此处指他以前的两项纪录已经被人超越了。故选A。
2．How do you find Jutras
A．He is brave and competitive.
B．He is creative and generous.
C．He is determined and ambitious(有抱负的)．
D．He is excellent and light-hearted.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第五、六段可知，他是一个目标明确并且失败了也不退缩的人。故选C。
3．What can we know according to paragraph 7
A．Jutras is proud of his records.
B．Jutras thinks highly of other people’s achievements.
C．Jutras will experiment with carrots.
D．Jutras will break more records for fruit and vegetables.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。第七段主要告诉我们朱特拉认为其他人在种植蔬菜水果方面也创造了多个世界纪录，但都是像胡萝卜这样不具备竞争力的种类。由此可知，他认为他的纪录比他们的厉害。故选A。
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．Jutras’ hobby is making cabinets.
B．Jutras is aimed to set a new world record in a bushel gourd.
C．Jutras will work at the New York Botanical Garden.
D．Jutras will feed more people.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知，朱特拉下一步想在bushel gourd这方面创造新的世界纪录。故选B。
B
Agricultural scientists in Switzerland have demonstrated the long-term effect of organic farming methods.Organic farms use no man-made chemicals to increase crops or control insects and diseases.The study showed that organic fields produced fewer crops，on average，than other fields.However，the scientists say the organic methods improved the health of the soil and used half as much energy.
The Swiss scientists compared the effects of organic and traditional farming methods over a period of more than twenty years.They grew crops on four fields of land in Switzerland.Two fields were grown using traditional farming methods.The others were grown using organic farming methods.The crops and soil use were similar in all the fields studied.
The study found that the organic fields produced about 20% fewer crops than the other fields.However，the farmers used less fertilizer and energy on the organic fields.They found the organic fields were healthier.
The scientists say the organic fields had more nutrients in the soil.The soil in the organic fields also had more biological activity than the other fields.The organic fields had more helpful organisms and a larger number of different organisms.The organic fields had almost two times as many insects，including helpful insects.In traditional farming，chemicals designed to kill harmful insects also kill helpful ones.
The researchers say the findings show that organic crop production rates change little over time，and that soil fertility increases.They say the findings suggest that organic farmers can help the environment by increasing soil fertility.
Organic farming is becoming increasingly popular in some countries.Many people believe that eating organic food is more healthful than eating food grown with chemicals.Some people are willing to pay more money to buy organic food.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了瑞士农业科学家的研究：有机种植不但可以改善土壤的健康，而且对人体也更健康。
5．What does the study show about the organic methods
A．They have more output than other fields.
B．They benefit the health of the human and the soil.
C．They use more energy than traditional ones.
D．They can control diseases without using any chemicals.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句和第三段最后一句可知，利用有机方法种植，不但可以改善土壤的健康，而且对人体也更健康。故选B。
6．In what way do the researchers carry out the experiment
A．Selecting the best seeds.
B．Using the latest technology.
C．Applying different methods.
D．Planting crops in special soils.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三、四句可知，科学家们通过对比不同的耕作方法来得出实验结果。故选C。
7．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning organic fields
A．Its strengths. B．Its products.
C．Its application. D．Its shortage.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，有机土壤的养分更多、生物活性更高。所以本段主要谈论了有机土壤的优点。故选A。
8．What can we infer from the text
A．No insects exist in organic fields.
B．Organic farming is environment-friendly.
C．People can’t afford organic food at present.
D．Organic crop production rates increase rapidly.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，通过有机种植，可以提高土壤肥力，进而改善环境。由此可知，有机种植是比较环保的。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
While I was riding a bike，I noticed a man about a half mile in front of me.He was traveling at a lower speed，so I decided to 1 him.I had about a mile to go on the road before turning off.
I started 2 faster，and every block，I gradually closed the distance.Finally，I 3 him and passed him.I felt like a winner， 4 he had no clue that we were even in a 5 .
After I passed him，I realized that I had been so 6 on competing against him that I had 7 my turn，had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around.
Isn’t that what 8 in life We spend most of our time competing with neighbors，friends and family，trying to 9 them—while there was 10 a competition in the first place.
We use most of our time and energy competing with others instead of 11 our destination，and we miss out on our own paths to our fate 12 .
Unhealthy competition is a(n) 13 process，a never-ending cycle，a race of life.No matter what you do，someone will always be 14 you: someone with a better job，a nicer car and more money.
Feel grateful for what life has offered you.Stay focused on your path，and live a healthy life.There’s no 15 in fate.Run your own race of life and wish others well!
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者骑自行车时因追赶另一个人而错过了自己的转弯口，从而引出对生活中过度竞争现象的思考。
1．A.remind B．approach
C．pass D．follow
答案　C
解析　remind提醒；approach接近；pass超过；follow跟踪。根据下文“Finally，I him and passed him.”可知，作者想超过他。故选C。
2．A.running B．driving
C．walking D．cycling
答案　D
解析　根据上文“While I was riding a bike”可知，作者应是开始骑行得更快。故选D。
3．A.caught up with B．put up with
C．kept up with D．came up with
答案　A
解析　catch up with赶上，追上；put up with容忍；keep up with紧跟，与……保持一致；come up with想出，提出。根据下文“and passed him”可知，作者应是先追上，再超过他。故选A。
4．A.when B．while
C．as D．unless
答案　B
解析　根据“he had no clue that we were even in a ”可知，作者觉得自己好像一个胜利者，而对方根本没有意识到他和作者在比赛，前后句构成转折关系。故选B。
5．A.test B．project
C．race D．task
答案　C
解析　test测试；project项目；race比赛；task任务。根据下文“competing against him”可知，作者认为他们在比赛，然而对方却并不知道。故选C。
6．A.focused B．dependent
C．hard D．impressed
答案　A
解析　focused专注的；dependent依靠的；hard困难的；impressed印象深刻的。根据下文“had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around”可知，作者如此专注于比赛以至于忘了转弯了。故选A。
7．A.finished B．missed
C．wasted D．made
答案　B
解析　根据下文“had to turn around”可知，作者错过了转弯，不得不调头。故选B。
8．A.remains B．offers
C．happens D．works
答案　C
解析　remain仍然是；offer提供；happen发生；work工作。根据下文“We spend most of our time competing with neighbors，friends and family，trying to them”可知，我们大部分时间都在与邻居、朋友和家人竞争，这种过度竞争的事情经常发生在我们的生活中。故选C。
9．A.defeat B．help
C．encourage D．please
答案　A
解析　根据上文“We spend most of our time competing with neighbors，friends and family”可知，我们大部分时间都在与邻居、朋友和家人竞争，试图战胜、打败他们。故选A。
10．A.ever B．never
C．always D．sometimes
答案　B
解析　根据上文“he had no clue that we were even in a ”以及前文的“while”可知，前后句构成转折关系，即我们大部分时间都在与邻居、朋友和家人竞争，试图击败他们，但事实上一开始是没有竞争的。故选B。
11．A.choosing B．understanding
C．reaching D．exploring
答案　C
解析　根据下文“miss out on our own paths”可知，像作者错过路口一样，我们用大量时间和精力与别人竞争而非努力到达自己的目的地。故选C。
12．A.by chance B．on purpose
C．as usual D．as a result
答案　D
解析　句意：我们用大部分时间和精力与他人竞争，而不是到达目的地，因此我们错过了通往自己命运的道路。by chance偶然；on purpose故意；as usual像往常一样；as a result结果。根据句意可知，前后文是因果关系。故选D。
13．A.dangerous B．adventurous
C．continuous D．disastrous
答案　C
解析　dangerous危险的；adventurous惊险的；continuous持续的；disastrous灾难性的。根据后文的“a never-ending cycle”可知，不健康的竞争是一个持续的过程，一个永无止境的循环。故选C。
14．A.next to B．ahead of
C．around D．behind
答案　B
解析　next to紧邻；ahead of在……前面；around在……周围；behind在……后面。根据下文“someone with a better job，a nicer car and more money”可知，有人总会在你前面，比你过得好。故选B。
15．A.competition B．mistake
C．experiment D．limit
答案　A
解析　根据下文“Run your own race of life and wish others well！”可知，作者此处想表达命运没有竞争，应专注自己的生活，也祝福他人的成功。故选A。Section Ⅳ　Using Language (1) —Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
1．What’s the purpose of FAO
A．To remove world hunger.
B．To advocate healthy eating.
C．To improve living standards.
答案　A
2．Which of the following is not the reason for world hunger
A．Natural disasters.
B．Wars.
C．Sustainable agriculture.
答案　C
3．How does the FAO ease world hunger
A．By asking help from the UN.
B．By launching a project.
C．By planting hybrid rice.
答案　B
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the radio interview again on P54 and fill in the blanks with the words you hear.(精听训练)
Host：Good morning，listeners.Today is World Food Day，and David Bond from the UN’s FAO is here to talk to us about 1.world hunger.Welcome，David! Please explain what the FAO is and 2.what its aims are.
David：Good morning.For those who don’t know，FAO stands for Food and Agriculture Organisation.And our aim is 3.simple—to eliminate world hunger，which，according to our latest figures，stands at around 11% of 4.the world’s population.
Host：So I guess things like droughts，floods，and climate change are all 5.major factors in this.
David：Yes，that’s right，they can all seriously affect 6.crop production.And another factor is poverty.There is strong evidence to suggest that many people just can’t afford to eat well.And it’s not just about having enough food to eat; people need to eat enough 7.nutritious food，which often they cannot afford or do not 8.have access to.The FAO believes everyone should have the right to 9.healthy food.
Host：And what about war I’ve seen many researchers say that it directly leads to mass hunger.
David：Absolutely true.Our research indicates that wars can heavily 10.affect food production and transportation，meaning that millions of people have to 11.go hungry.
Host：So what can we do to alleviate world hunger
David：Well，the UN is making efforts to 12.reduce climate change，and the FAO runs a project called Climate-Smart Agriculture，which helps countries to develop sustainable agriculture.However，every country needs to 13.focus on making new achievements in agriculture，too，which can often benefit the whole world.Like China，for example，whose development of hybrid rice has greatly 14.increased rice production in many other countries.And，of course,15.global conflict must be eliminated.And don’t forget that we as 16.individuals can also make a difference: buy food that supports the environment，and never waste food.
Host：David Bond，thank you very much.Just a quick message to our listeners：you can find more information on world hunger on the FAO website...Section Ⅴ　Using Language (2)—Reading for Writing
Activity 1　Read for details [细节把握]
1．According to the passage，what kind of people are organic farmers
A．Those who grow crops with chemical fertilisers.
B．Those who grow crops with natural fertilisers.
C．Those who produce organic fertilisers.
D．Those who care for the environment.
答案　B
2．What does the word “them” in “who digest them” refer to
A．Insects. B．Bacteria.
C．Crops. D．Chemicals.
答案　C
3．What can we learn from the passage
A．The chemicals in the soil will soon disappear.
B．Pesticides are of great benefit to helpful bacteria.
C．Crops grown with chemical fertilisers can provide more essential minerals.
D．Crops grown with chemical fertilisers usually grow too fast.
答案　D
4．How do farmers make the soil not get exhausted
A．By growing the same crops year after year.
B．By using natural fertilisers.
C．By changing crops every year.
D．By using chemical fertilisers.
答案　C
Activity 2　Read for structures [文章架构]
Activity 3　Read for language features [增分靓句]
1．Find out the sentences describing the problems of pesticides.(找出描写农药问题的句子)
Pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.In addition, these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.
2．Find out the sentences describing the definition of organic farming.(找出描写有机农业定义的句子)
Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means.
3．Find out the sentences describing how organic farmers produce rich soil.(找出描写有机耕作的农民如何生产肥沃土壤的句子)
They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year./Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production.(P55 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句，When引导的是时间状语从句，动词不定式to fight...作后置定语，修饰a great way。
汉语翻译：引入之初，二者被许多农民视为抵御作物病害、增加产量的好方法，因而颇受欢迎。
2．Over time, however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s(people) health.(P55 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是复合句，what引导的是主语从句，that引导的是表语从句。
汉语翻译：然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会危害土地和人类健康。
3．For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful(harm) bacteria and insects, but also helpful (help) ones.(P55 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是简单句，killing not only...是动词-ing形式作介词by的宾语。
汉语翻译：例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。
4．This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.(P55 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句，grown on the land是过去分词短语作后置定语，who digest them是定语从句。
汉语翻译：这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。
5．In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.(P55 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是复合句，they cause to people and the environment是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰先行词the damage。
汉语翻译：事实上，由于对人类和环境有害，“滴滴涕”等农药在大多数国家已被禁用。
6．They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more(much) water than essential minerals, and they often have less(little) flavour as well.(P55 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是由并列连词but和and连接的并列句。
汉语翻译：此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，并且往往口感较差。
7．As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(P55 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是复合句，and连接两个并列分句；when they shop at the local grocery是when引导的时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。
8．Organic farmers (farmer) also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.(P56 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句，that use different depths of soil是定语从句，修饰先行词diverse crops，to help keep it rich是不定式短语作目的状语。
汉语翻译：有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。
9．The goal of using(use) different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people’s health.(P56 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是复合句，to grow good food是不定式短语作表语，while avoiding...是状语从句的省略。
汉语翻译：采用不同的有机耕作方法，目的在于生产优质食物，同时避免损害环境和人类健康。
10．Therefore, there is still a long way to find(find) a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy(health) as possible.(P56 Para.5)
结构分析：此句是复合句，that puts sufficient food on the dinner table...是定语从句，修饰先行词a suitable solution，while keeping...是状语从句的省略。
汉语翻译：因此，要想找到一个合适的解决方案，使人类和环境尽可能保持健康，又让人们有足够的食物可吃，这还有很长的路要走。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
too...to...结构
As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.(P55 Para.2)
至于化肥，用其施肥的农作物通常生长得过快而营养不足。
结构分析：此句是简单句，grown with them是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词crops，句中的too fast to be rich in nutrition为too...to...结构，too＋adj./adv.＋to do sth意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定含义。
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此结构在以下情况中也可表示肯定意义：
too后跟anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等表示心情、心理活动状态或心理倾向的形容词时；
too前有but, only, all等词对其进行修饰时；
否定词not, never等用在too前时。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————(1)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫太伤心而不能控制他的情感，他不由自主地哭起来。意识到发生了什么，我非常乐意帮助他，于是我向他走去。
David was too sad to control his emotions and he wept uncontrollably.Realizing what happened, I was too willing/ready to help him, so I walked towards him.
(2)我能找到人聊聊天，太高兴了。因此，我怎么感谢你也不为过。
I am only too happy to have someone to speak to.Therefore, I can’t thank you too much.
(3)(2023·新课标 Ⅰ，读后续写) 当我听到我在写作比赛中获得第一名的消息时，我激动得一句话也说不出来了。
I was too excited to utter a word when I heard the news that I won first prize in the writing contest.
现在分词短语作结果状语
Why different crops are grown is that they put important minerals back into the ground，making it ready for the next batch of crops.(P56 Para.4)
种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使土壤为种植下一批农作物做好准备。
结构分析：此句是一个复合句，句子的主语是Why引导的主语从句，that they put important minerals back into the ground是that引导的表语从句，making it ready for the next batch of crops是现在分词短语作结果状语。
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现在分词短语作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果；
不定式作结果状语，则表示一种出乎意料的结果，往往用only/never to do结构。
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(1)(读后续写之绝望心理描写)Mac差点被恶狼抓住，这把他扔进黑暗和绝望的世界。
Mac was nearly caught by the fierce wolf，throwing him into a world of darkness and hopelessness.
(2)(读后续写之心理描写)简非常愤怒地独自离开，结果发现她在陌生的树林中迷路了。
Jane left alone with extreme anger，only to find that she was lost in the unfamiliar forest.
同位语从句
What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world.(P56 Para.5)
他们不能这样做的原因是化学农业满足了全世界对粮食的巨大需求。
结构分析：此句是一个复合句，What keeps them from doing so是what引导的主语从句，that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world是that引导的同位语从句，对the fact进行解释说明。
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可以跟同位语从句的名词有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息；诺言)，possibility等。
引导同位语从句的连接词有： 从属连词that，whether，连接代词 what，who，which，连接副词 how，when，where等。(注意：if不能引导同位语从句)
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(1)(读后续写之悲伤心理描写)当我们听说老爷爷去世的消息时，我们极度悲伤，泪水湿润了眼眶。
When we heard the news that the old grandfather passed away，we were overcome with extreme sadness，tears welling up in our eyes.
(2)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)妈妈建议我们在下一个村庄宿营，她的眼中闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
My mother made a suggestion that we (should) camp in the next village，her eyes glittering with excitement.
(3)他是否能够胜任这项工作还是个问题。
There is still a question whether he can be qualified for the job.
(4)(2023·天津6月，书面表达)毫无疑问，即将举办的汉语工作坊旨在促进中英文化交流。
There is no doubt that the upcoming Chinese workshop is aimed at promoting cultural exchange between China and the UK.
本单元要求写一篇议论性的文章。议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者的见解和主张。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，而提出若干理由，试图说服他人。
1．首段常用句式：
I’m sorry to hear/learn that...
听说……我很难过。
In my opinion，it is wrong to/that...
在我看来，……是错误的。
I don’t think it is a very good way to...
我认为……不是一个很好的方法。
Thank you for your letter asking me about...
谢谢你来信询问我有关……
I’m writing to persuade you to quit/give up...
我写信是劝你放弃……
2．中段常用句式：
When it comes to...，most people believe that...，but other people regard...as...
当谈及……，大多数人认为……，但是其他人认为……
Here are my reasons.First of all，I think it would be better if...
我的理由如下。首先，我认为如果……会更好。
The reasons for...are as follows.First...Second...Last but not least...
……的原因如下。首先…… 第二……最后但同样重要的是……
On the one hand...on the other hand...
一方面……另一方面……
No one can ignore the fact that...
没有人能忽视……的事实。
If I were you，I would...
如果我是你，我会……
3．尾段常用句式：
In short/In conclusion/In closing...
总之……
All things considered...
从各方面看来……
As far as I’m concerned...
就我而言……
From what has been discussed above...
通过以上讨论……
Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.
请考虑我的建议，做出最后的决定。
假如你是李华，你班就化学耕作和有机耕作进行了讨论，请写一篇文章阐述你的观点，内容包括：
1．有机农产品更健康，更让人放心；
2．有机农耕不会对环境造成破坏；
3．有机农耕让农民增加收入。
参考词汇：农药残留pesticide residues
第一步　审题谋篇
审题
写作要求是写一篇议论性文章。写作时应注意下面三点：
1．确定文体：这是一篇议论性文章，注意议论文的写作特点。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。
3．主体人称：由于是发表自己的观点，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。
谋篇
本文可以分为三个部分：
第一部分：引入话题；
第二部分：提出观点并阐述理由；
第三部分：总结全文，重申自己的观点，提出希望。
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇　(含本单元词汇)
1．有机耕作organic farming
2．有做某事的选择have the alternative of doing sth
3．深信be greatly convinced that
4．致力于做某事devote oneself to/be devoted to doing sth
5．认为……是assume sb/sth to be...
6．有营养的nutritious
7．对……非常必要 be essential to/for...
8．结果是……；原来是…… It turns out that...
连词成句　(含本单元句型)
1．我认为有机耕作优于化学耕作。(assume)
I assume organic farming to be better than chemical farming.
2．鉴于化学杀虫剂对作物有害，农民被禁止在有机耕作中喷洒它们。(given that)
Given that chemical pesticides are harmful to crops，farmers are forbidden to spray them in organic farming.
3．作物上没有农药残留。
There are no pesticide residues left on the crops.
4．农民使用天然的动物粪便。
Farmers use natural waste from animals.
5．它不仅有利于改善土壤状况而且能够使作物更有营养。
It will not only be good for improving the condition of the soil but also make crops more nutritious.
6．随着越来越多的人关注自己的健康，他们在商店购物时选择购买有机水果和蔬菜，尽管这些产品价格高。
As more and more people care about their health，they have the alternative of buying organic fruit and vegetables when they are shopping in stores，though the prices of these products are high.
7．我深信越来越多的农民未来将会致力于有机耕作。(convince；devote)
I am greatly convinced that more and more farmers will be devoted to organic farming in the future.
第三步　句式升级
1．将句5改成倒装句。
Not only will it be good for improving the condition of the soil but also it will make crops more nutritious.
2．用with复合结构，despite代替though引导的让步状语从句改写句6。
With more and more people caring about their health，they have the alternative of buying organic fruit and vegetables when they are shopping in stores，despite the fact that the prices of these products are high.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
I assume organic farming to be better than chemical farming.Here are some reasons.
Firstly，given that chemical pesticides are harmful to crops，farmers are forbidden to spray them in organic farming.Thus，there are no pesticide residues left on them.Secondly，farmers use natural waste from animals.Not only will it be good for improving the condition of the soil but also it will make crops more nutritious.Thirdly，with more and more people caring about their health，they have the alternative of buying organic fruit and vegetables when they are shopping in stores，despite the fact that the prices of these products are high.It turns out that farmers can make more money.
All in all，I think organic farming is essential to our physical health.I am greatly convinced that more and more farmers will be devoted to organic farming in the future.
课时精练(四)
A卷(45分)
Ⅰ.完成句子(课文佳句仿写)(共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分)
(应用文写作之建议信)
1．现在你正全神贯注于一场中文诗歌朗诵比赛，这使你既焦虑又紧张。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
Now you are focusing on a Chinese poetry reciting competition，making you anxious and nervous.
2．结果你晚上很难入睡。(It turns out that...)
It turns out that you have great difficulty (in) falling asleep at night.
3．你不知道你该如何改变这种窘境。(同位语从句)
You have no idea how you should change the dilemma.
4．在我看来，你可以选择与朋友和老师分享你的感受。(have the alternative of)
In my opinion，you have the alternative of sharing your feelings with your friends and teachers.
5．此外，何不在比赛前轮流上台练习相关诗歌？(take turns to do)
Besides，why not take turns to practice the relevant poems on the stage before the competition
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)
Greenhouse gas emissions would rise if all farms in England and Wales went organic.Though the emissions of each farm would go down，much more food would have to be imported，as the amount they would produce would decrease greatly.
“The key message from my perspective is that you can’t really have your cake and eat it，” says Laurence Smith，now at the Royal Agricultural University in the UK，who was part of the team that ran the numbers.Smith is a supporter of organic farming and says “there are a lot of merits of the organic approach”，but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too.
Farming and changes in land use，such as cutting down forests，are responsible for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.That means reducing farming emissions and the land needed for farming is required to limit further global warming.
Smith and his colleagues found that emissions per unit of food are，on average,20 per cent lower for organic crops and 4 per cent lower for organic animal products.However，organic harvests per hectare(公顷) are also lower on average.For wheat and barley，for instance，harvests are just half of those of conventional farms.This means 1.5 times as much land would be needed to grow the same amount of these foods.
The estimated increase in emissions varies greatly，depending on where the extra farmland comes from.If only half comes from turning grassland into farms，the increase could be as low as 20 per cent.If grassland that would otherwise have been reforested is turned into farmland，emissions could nearly double.
This doesn’t necessarily mean people should stop eating organic produce，says Smith.People might choose organic food for other reasons，such as to reduce their pesticide exposure(though contrary to popular belief，organic farmers do use pesticides) or for the sake of wildlife.
Going 100 per cent organic could also harm global biodiversity.The extra land used for farming would mean the land available for wildlife would be smaller and more fragmented(碎片化的)．
Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time.
1．Why may greenhouse gas emissions increase if a country goes organic
A．Organic farms take longer to build.
B．The agricultural output will increase greatly.
C．The emissions of each farm unit will increase.
D．Greater demand for imported food will be created.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，如果一个国家的所有农场都转变为有机农业，虽然每个农场的温室气体排放量会下降，但农业产量也会大幅降低，必须进口更多的粮食，最终温室气体排放总量升高。故选D。
2．What does the underlined word “merits” in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Changes. B．Challenges.
C．Advantages. D．Differences.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“...but his analysis shows that organic farming has downsides too.”可知，but表示转折，前后两句意义相反，故推知前句表示Smith认为有机农业有优点。故merits的意思是“优点”。故选C。
3．What did Smith and his colleagues find
A．Organic harvests per unit are greater than traditional harvests.
B．Organic farming needs more farmland to feed a country.
C．Global warming could be brought under control.
D．Land was not used in a responsible way.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“However，organic harvests...to grow the same amount of these foods.”可知，有机农业的收成也较低，种植出与传统农场相同数量的食物需要更多的土地。故相比传统农业，有机农业需要更多的农田和土地才能养活一个国家，故选B。
4．What is Smith’s proposal
A．Stopping using pesticides.
B．Eating less organic produce.
C．Going back to traditional farming.
D．Adopting mixed farming methods.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段“Smith says the best option may be to use some organic and conventional farming methods at the same time.”可知，史密斯的提议是同时使用有机和传统的耕作方法，即采用混合耕作法。故选D。
Ⅲ.应用文写作(满分15分)
假定你是李华，你所在的中学正面向学生征集意见，询问学生是否赞成开设线上课堂(online classrooms)。请给校长写一封电子邮件，表达你赞同开设线上课堂的观点，要点如下：
1．网上教学资源丰富；
2．在线学习效率更高；
3．线上课堂利于环保；
4．其他理由。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考范文
Dear Headmaster，
We have been asked about our opinions on opening online classrooms.I am in favour of this plan for the following reasons.
To begin with，everyone learns differently.Students can customise their smart devices with materials that fit their level and learning style.Moreover，when connected to the Internet，students can interact with teachers from all over the world and enjoy tons of useful materials，which obviously will enable them to learn more efficiently.For the sake of environmental protection，opening online classrooms is a good way to save trees that we have been cutting down for paper.Most importantly，I believe students will develop their interest by enjoying a new way of learning.
I genuinely hope you would take my ideas into consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
课时精练(四)
B卷(32.5分)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分)
A
Banker Chip Paillex had never planted so much until he moved to the countryside in Pittstown，New Jersey，seven years ago.Surrounded by working farms，he quickly became interested in the grow-it-yourself idea and rented a piece of 30-by-30-foot land.He planted tomatoes，eggplants and other vegetables—enough to feed his family of four for the summer.He ended up with so much produce; he couldn’t give it away.He found a local food factory，and donated(捐赠) 120 pounds of fresh vegetables.
The following year，with a handful of volunteers and a memorable name—America’s Grow-a-Row，Paillex harvested 1,500 pounds of fresh vegetables，all of which he donated to area food banks，places that give food to poor people.Soon Paillex had a hundred volunteers and needed more land.He visited Meredith and Jeremy Compton，who farm Peaceful Valley Orchards in Pittstown.Could he work their land
“I guess we were feeling honored，” says Meredith.Not only do the Comptons welcome Grow-a-Row volunteers，but they also work on the land.
What began with a few empty fields has turned into a large local farm.This year，Grow-a-Row will deliver about 250,000 pounds of fresh produce to food banks.Their secret for getting all of this done Family power.“Each week，a couple of families ‘own’ the garden，” says Paillex.“They water，pick，and deliver，and then hand it off on Sunday night to the next group of families.”
Paillex also welcomed local school kids.On a Friday morning in May，some kids worked on a field.“We’re growing food，” one fifth grader said proudly.
“The program shows kids that there are people in need，” says Paillex.“When these kids become tomorrow’s leaders，they’ll be much more likely to encourage their co-workers or employees to get involved in(参与) something like this.”
“Chip makes people want to help，” says Colleen Duerr，a mother of two.“And families love this.Chip has given us a way to raise our kids with a giving heart.”
1．Why did Chip start growing vegetables in Pittstown
A．There were very few fresh vegetables on the market.
B．He wanted to offer food to the local food factory.
C．Farmers there encouraged him to do so.
D．He was deeply attracted by planting.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Surrounded by working farms，he quickly became interested in the grow-it-yourself idea”可知，Chip受到周围环境的影响，深深喜爱上了自己种植食物这一做法。故选D。
2．After a year’s planting，Chip .
A．set up more food banks in the area
B．won great support from more people
C．helped save many people from being poor
D．persuaded many people to help him on the land
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“with a handful of volunteers”和“Soon Paillex had a hundred volunteers”以及第三段提到Compton夫妇的乐意帮忙可知，在Chip自己耕种一年后，得到了越来越多人的支持与帮助。故选B。
3．How can Grow-a-Row manage to produce so much food
A．School children play the most active part.
B．Families take turns to look after the garden.
C．The work is divided into separate small tasks.
D．Schools and families divide the work equally.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Family power”“Each week，a couple of families ‘own’ the garden”和“They water，pick，and deliver，and then hand it off on Sunday night to the next group of families.”可知，Grow-a-Row之所以可以生产出数量众多的农产品是因为各个家庭轮流负责种植。故选B。
4．What’s the best title for the text
A．The Producers B．American Farms
C．Grow It Yourself D．Chip’s Country Life
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。银行家Chip Paillex搬到乡下后开始喜欢上了种植蔬菜，并且将吃不完的新鲜蔬菜捐给社会，他的这种慈善行为慢慢吸引了很多志愿者，使得越来越多的人投入到这项农业活动中。因此A项“生产者”概括了文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选A。
B
You’re in a bit of a dilemma standing in front of the produce section of your local supermarket.In one hand，you’re holding a conventionally grown Granny Smith apple.In your other hand，you have one that’s been organically grown.Both apples are firm，shiny and green.Both provide vitamins and fiber，and both are free of fat，sodium and cholesterol.
The conventionally grown apple costs less and is a proven family favorite.But the organic apple has a label that says “USDA Organic”．Does that mean it’s better？Safer？More nutritious？Become a better informed consumer for your next trip to the supermarket.Several differences between organic and non-organic foods exist.The word “organic” refers to the way farmers grow and process agricultural products，such as fruits，vegetables，grains，dairy products and meat.Organic farming practices are designed to encourage soil and water conservation and reduce pollution.Farmers who grow organic produce and meat don’t use conventional methods to fertilize，control weeds or prevent livestock disease.
Here are other differences between conventional farming and organic farming：
Conventional farmers Organic farmers
Apply chemical fertilizers to promote plant growth. Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants.
Apply insecticide to reduce pests and disease. Use beneficial insects and birds to reduce pests and disease.
Give animals antibiotics，growth hormones and medications to prevent disease and promote growth. Give animals organic foods and allow them access to the outdoors.Use preventive measures—such as a balanced diet and clean housing—to help minimize disease.
*Organic or not？Check the label.
The U．S.Department of Agriculture(USDA) has established an organic certification program that requires all organic foods to meet strict government standards.These standards regulate how such foods are grown，handled and processed.Any farmer or food manufacturer who labels and sells a product as organic must be USDA certified as meeting these standards.Only producers who sell less than $5,000 a year in organic foods are exempt(免除) from this certification.
If a food bears a USDA Organic label，it means it’s produced and processed according to the USDA standards.The seal is voluntary，but many organic producers use it.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。“有机食品”一词对我们来说耳熟能详。但有机食物和普通的食物在农业生产过程中到底有怎样的差异，并不是每一个人都很清楚。
5．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To promote the sales of organic foods.
B．To inform people that organic foods are better for their health.
C．To compare conventional and organic foods.
D．To persuade people to become informed consumers.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。文章的第一段就提出了conventional apple和organic apple的不同概念，下文就这两种事物进行了对比，故该文章的写作目的是告诉人们传统食品与有机食品的差别。
6．According to the passage，organic farming is intended to .
A．improve the quality of the soil and water
B．take the place of the traditional agriculture entirely
C．prevent livestock from getting disease more effectively
D．adopt environmentally friendly methods to grow plants and feed animals
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。文章表格中对有机农业和传统农业做法的对比体现了有机农业的优势：在对环境有益的基础上生产健康的食品。由此可知，有机农业旨在通过对环境有益的方法进行生产。
7．Which of the following methods belongs to organic farming
A．Using chemicals to kill insects and prevent disease.
B．Using rotted plants as fertilizers to promote plant growth.
C．Using growth hormones to speed up animals’ growth.
D．Using pests to reduce insects and disease.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据表格右栏中的“Apply natural fertilizers to feed soil and plants.”可知B项正确。A项中的chemicals，C项中的hormones以及D项中的pests均不符合有机农业的要求。
8．From the passage we know the organic certification program .
A．is not meant for produce of all producers
B．makes it a must to attach a USDA Organic label
C．sets restrictions on the sales of organic produce
D．requires all foods to satisfy the strict government standards
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句和最后一段可知，并非所有农产品的生产商都要给他们的产品进行有机认证。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
People may appreciate the mighty sea and those deep，dark lakes when it comes to waters. 1 However，ponds are an important body of water as they fight climate change，improve biodiversity，and help conservation，according to The Revelator organization.So if you are thinking about creating a beautiful and enriching element to your garden this spring，consider a pond.
2 In Switzerland，less than ten percent of the ponds from the last 200 years remain.And in the UK，less than a quarter of the ponds that existed at the start of the 20th century are still around.
Nowadays，a European organization called PONDERFUL is trying to give ponds power by increasing awareness of their importance.They are the unsung heroes of the natural world and are in the front line of climate action，supporting wildlife and capturing harmful emissions.
Adding even a tiny pond in your garden can achieve natural wonders and will actually better all other ecosystems，according to Pond Informer，an online guide about ponds. 3 For example，ponds are a shelter for frogs that eat insects and keep the ecosystem balanced.
They also offer a space for birds to bathe，cool，off and drink. 4 They help with pollination，spread seeds，and control insects.Swallows can eat hundreds of thousands of insects each night，bugs that may just munch on your garden during the day!
With help now on the way，Switzerland has made hundreds of new ponds thus increasing the population of birds and frogs，including the endangered European tree frog. 5
A．Ponds are simply disappearing.
B．Tiny ponds are usually ignored.
C．In turn，these birds can benefit your garden.
D．Your pond can play a part in your community.
E．People can have a great time by creating the ponds.
F．A pond becomes home to many plants and animals.
G．Small，shallow ponds are being restored on former golf courses in the UK.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了被大家忽视的池塘正逐渐消失，而由于其对生态的巨大好处，人们又开始重新修建或者修复池塘。
1．答案　B
解析　上文“People may appreciate the mighty sea and those deep，dark lakes when it comes to waters.”指出，当谈到水体时大家注意到的是大海和湖泊。下文“However，ponds are an important body of water...according to The Revelator organization.”指出池塘也很重要。选项B指出池塘通常被人忽视，这承接上文，继续谈水体，又和下文构成转折关系，符合语境。故选B。
2．答案　A
解析　下文“In Switzerland，less than ten percent of the ponds...at the start of the 20th century are still around.”通过举例说明池塘逐渐消失。选项A指出池塘正在消失，符合语境，下文是对这句话的详细说明。故选A。
3．答案　F
解析　下文“For example，ponds are a shelter for frogs that eat insects and keep the ecosystem balanced.”提到池塘是青蛙的家。选项F指出池塘是很多动植物的家，符合语境，下文是该选项的具体实例。故选F。
4．答案　C
解析　上文“They also offer a space for birds to bathe，cool，off and drink.”指出池塘也为鸟类提供了空间，下文“They help with pollination，spread seeds，and control insects.”指出，反过来鸟类又帮助授粉等活动。选项C指出鸟类反过来给花园带来好处，符合语境，下文是对该选项的具体说明。故选C。
5．答案　G
解析　上文“With help now on the way，Switzerland has made hundreds of new ponds...”指出瑞士开始建造新池塘。选项G指出英国也在修复池塘，这和上文一样，都是呈现保护池塘的实例，前后联系密切，符合语境。故选G。

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