资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1．title n．题目，标题
2．homesick adj.想家的
3．unique adj.独一无二的，独特的
4．type n．类型，种类
5．contact v．联系，联络
6．likely adj.可能的，可能发生的
7．subway n．地铁
8．highway n．公路
9．gas n．汽油
10．petrol n．汽油
11．apartment n．一套住房，公寓套房
12．flat n．一套住房，公寓套房
13．elevator n．电梯，升降机
14．context n．上下文，语境
15．resource n．资料，(教学)资源
16．misadventure n．事故，灾难
17．rather adv.相当，颇
18．comment n．评论
19．frog n．蛙，青蛙
20．throat n．喉咙，咽喉
21．downtown adj.在城镇中心区的，在闹市区的
22．boot n．靴子
23．section n．区域
24．exit n．出口
25．actually adv.事实上，实际上
26．downstairs adv.在楼下
27．negative adj.消极的，负面的
28．error n．错误，谬误
29．burn up烧毁，烧尽
30．burn down烧毁
31．wind up给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束
32．come across偶然发现
33．have a frog in one’s throat(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难
34．be aware of意识到，察觉到
35．wonder at惊奇；对……感到惊讶
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．sculpt v．雕刻，雕塑→sculpture n．雕像，雕刻品→sculptor n．雕刻家
2．opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的→oppose vt.反对；反抗→opposed adj.反对的；敌对的→opposite adj.对面的 n．反面，对立面
3．behavior n．举止；行为→behave v．表现
4．confusing adj.令人困惑的→confuse v．使困惑→confused adj.(感到)困惑的→confusion n．混乱
5．alarm n．警报(器)；闹钟；恐慌 vt.使惊恐；使担心→alarmed adj.惊恐的→alarming adj.令人惊慌的；使人惊恐的
6．reflect v．显示，反映→reflection n．反映；反射
7．creativity n．创造性，创造力→creative adj.创造(性)的→create v．创造→creatively adv.创造(性)地
8．visible adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible adj.看不见的→vision n．视力；视野
9．informal adj.(书写或言谈)非正式的→formal adj.正式的
10．unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的，不了解的→familiar adj.熟悉的
11．addition n．增加物，添加物→add vt.增加；添加→additional adj.额外的
12．entrance n．大门，入口(处)→enter v．进入；参加；登记→entry n．进入；条目；参赛作品
13．intend v．计划，打算→intention n．计划，打算→intended adj.打算的；计划的
14．recognise v．认识，辨认出→recognition n．认识；识别；承认
15．base v．以……为基础 n．基础；根基→basis n．基础；基本原则→basic adj.基本的，基础的→basically adv.从根本上说；大体上
16．aware adj.意识到的，明白的→awareness n．意识；认识；明白→unaware adj.未意识到的
17．remind v．提醒，使……想起→reminder n．提醒；提醒人的事物
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．Every day my grandfather eats a plate of cold ham and drinks a bottle of fresh milk.n.火腿
2．The shelves were filled with all sorts of vegetables—eggplants，cucumbers，and tomatoes. n．茄子
3．A bird landed on a branch of the pine tree.n.松树
4．A pineapple is different in shape from an apple. n．菠萝
5．If you feel sick when traveling by sea，by air or by car，you might be seasick，airsick or carsick.adj.晕船的　adj.晕机的　adj.晕车的
6．Keep in mind that the initials of your title should be capitalized.adj.大写的
7．I was driving up at seventy miles an hour on the inside lane on the motorway.n.高速公路
8．The organization should provide a forum where problems could be discussed. n．(因特网上的)论坛，讨论区
9．It was wicked of you to drop litter in the park.adj.缺德的，邪恶的
10．People consider him an odd man who often does something unusual.adj.奇特的，古怪的
opposing adj.(观点、意见等)相反的，相对立的 [oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 opposed adj.反对的；敌对的 opposite adj.对面的 n．反面，对立面]
oppose doing sth反对做某事
be opposed to (doing) sth反对(做)某事
be opposite to在……对面；与……相反
just the opposite恰恰相反
(1)To our surprise，many local people opposed building(build) the new subway here.
(2)It is confusing that people hold opposing/opposite(oppose) views about this matter.
(3)The result was opposite(oppose) to what we had expected，leaving him disappointed.
[写作佳句]
(4)很多人反对我的计划，因此我只好放弃，这让我很伤心。
Many people are opposed to/oppose my plan，so I have to give it up，which makes me upset.
confusing adj.令人困惑的；难懂的 [confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑；(将……)混淆 confused adj.(感到)困惑的 confusion n．困惑；糊涂；混淆；混乱]
confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆
be/get confused with/about对……感到困惑
in confusion困惑地；乱七八糟
(1)In addition，I always confuse John with/and his brother，because they are so much alike.
(2)The instructions on the box are rather confusing(confuse) and no one can understand them.
(3)There is some confusion(confuse) about what should not be referred to at the party.
[写作佳句]
(4)了解到你对中国的风俗习惯感到困惑，我写信告诉你一些细节。
Learning that you are confused with/about the Chinese customs，I am writing to inform you of some details.
reflect vi.思考 vt.反映；反射；显示(reflection n．[C]映像；反映；[U]反射；思考，考虑)
reflect on/upon思考；反省
be reflected in倒映在；反映在
on/upon reflection经再三思考
(1)At first I thought it was a bad idea，but on reflection(reflect) I realized she was right.
(2)Her beautiful face which she felt proud of was reflected in the mirror.
[写作佳句]
(3)(话题写作之传统文化)中国文化传统反映在中秋节各种各样的庆祝活动中。
Chinese cultural traditions are reflected in various Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations.
(4)(应用文写作之建议信)不要害怕错误和失败，你必须通过反思它们来提高自己。
Don’t be afraid of mistakes and failures；you have to improve yourself by reflecting on/upon them.
come across偶然发现；偶遇；被理解
come about发生(无被动形式)
come out出版；结果是；(花)开放
come on加油
come up出现，被提出
come up with sth想出/提出某事(物)
when it comes to...当谈及……
(1)用come的相关短语填空
(应用文写作之建议信)When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical hints to share.Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary.In addition，when teachers’ questions come up in class，you should try to come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you shouldn’t lose confidence，instead saying to yourself，“Come on！”
(2)事实上，没有人确切知道事故是怎么发生的。
As a matter of fact，no one knows exactly how the accident came about at all.
contact vt.联络，联系 n．接触；联系；交往；熟人
contact sb at...通过(邮箱、电话等)与某人联系
get into/make contact with和……取得联系
stay/keep in contact with与……保持联系
be out of/lose contact with与……失去联系
(1)(读后续写片段描写)我们已经十年没有联系了。没想到，我们一个月前联系上了。我们俩紧紧地拥抱在一起，流下了喜悦的泪水，并承诺我们再也不会失去联系了。
We had been out of contact with each other for ten years.Unexpectedly，we got into contact with one another a month ago.Both of us hugged each other tightly and shed tears of extreme joy，promising that we would never lose contact with each other once again.
[写作佳句]
(2)如果你想更详细地了解这个志愿者项目，请通过123456543@联系李华。
If you want to know more details about the voluntary program，please contact Li Hua at 123456543@.
注意：contact是及物动词，若表示“与某人联系”，其后直接跟人即可，注意不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词with。
likely adj.可能的，可能发生的
be likely to do...可能做……
It is likely that...可能……
注意：英语中没有 It is likely for sb to do...结构。
(1)The more you hurry，the less progress you are likely to make(make)．
(2)If you didn’t hold your anger，you were likely to be involved in a fierce argument.
＝If you didn’t hold your anger，it was likely that you would be involved in a fierce argument.
[写作佳句]
(3)如果我们不听从他的建议，我们有可能会输掉比赛。
If we don’t take his advice，it is likely that we will lose the game.(it作形式主语)
remind vt.提醒，使……想起(reminder n．提醒；提醒人的事物)
remind sb of/about sth提醒某人某事
remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事
remind sb that...提醒某人……
keep sb reminded of使某人想起……
(1)The pictures reminded me of/about my school days.
(2)You must remind him to take(take) his medicine，in case he feels seasick.
(3)These photos kept me reminded(remind) of the days we spent together in No.5 flat.
[写作佳句]
(4)老师说的话让我想起了“有志者，事竟成”这句著名的谚语。
What the teacher said reminded me of/about the famous saying，“Where there is a will，there is a way.”
intend v．计划，打算(intention n．意图；目的；计划，打算intended adj.打算的；为……打算的)
intend doing/to do sth打算/想要做某事
intend sb to do sth计划让某人做某事
had intended to do sth(＝intended to have done sth)本打算做某事(但事实上没做)
be intended for/to do...作……用途；旨在……，为……而打算/设计
with the intention of抱有……的目的；打算
have no intention of doing sth＝have no intention to do sth无意做某事
(1)Hearing that you intend visiting/to visit(visit) China，I am writing to give you some advice.
(2)The reference book is particularly intended for English beginners like you.
(3)He had intended(intend) to get a job in the media，but gave up the plan after an unpleasant experience.
[写作佳句]
(4)举办此次活动旨在提高人们对中国传统文化的认识。
The activity was held with the intention to promote/of promoting people’s awareness of traditional Chinese culture.
recognise v．认识，辨认出；承认，认可(recognition n．认识；识别；承认)
recognise...as/to be...把……看作……
It is recognised that...人们公认……
beyond/out of recognition认不出来
(1)My hometown has changed beyond recognition(recognise) since I was last here.
(2)The superstar was glad to go shopping without being recognised(recognise)．
[写作佳句]
(3)林肯被认为是美国最伟大的人物之一。
Lincoln is recognised as/to be one of the greatest figures in America.
→It is recognised that Lincoln is one of the greatest figures in America.
base v．以……为基础 n．基地，基础，根据(basis n．原因，缘由；基准，准则；方式；基础；基本原则 basic adj.基本的；基础的basically adv.基本上；大体上)
base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon以……为根据(基础)
on the basis of在……的基础上
on a regular basis例行地；有规律地；定期地
(1)You should base your conclusion on/upon careful research.
(2)The movie which is based(base) on a true story is extremely impressive.
(3)Team members are offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis(base)．
[写作佳句]
(4)我想提醒你，你最好学一些基础汉语，这有助于你适应中国的环境。
I want to remind you that you’d better learn some basic Chinese，which can be helpful for you to adapt to the Chinese environment.
aware adj.意识到的，明白的(unaware adj.未意识到的 awareness n．意识)
be/become aware of...意识到……
be/become aware that...意识到……
raise/enhance/promote sb’s awareness of...提高某人……的意识
(1)We should be aware of the importance of protecting the environment.
(2)Our headmaster asked us to raise our competitive awareness(aware) in modern society.
[写作佳句]
(3)(话题写作之活动介绍)这次活动的目的是提高我们保护中国传统文化的意识。
The activity is intended to raise/enhance our awareness of protecting traditional Chinese culture.
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.一词多义
A．认出；辨认出　 B．承认；意识到　C．认可
D．赏识；赞赏；公认
1．The book is now recognised as a classic. D
2．We recognised that the task was not easy to finish. B
3．As soon as he took off his sunglasses，I recognised the film star. A
4．We should recognise their work，and encourage them to work harder. C
A．显示；表达　 B．反射　C．反思；回想　 D．(镜子等)映出
5．Her beautiful face was reflected in the mirror and she looked at herself，lost in thought. D
6．On the way home he reflected that the interview had gone well and he nodded his head with satisfaction. C
7．When the sun’s rays hit the earth，a lot of the heat is reflected back into space. B
8．Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. A
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．After the attack，the soldiers returned to their base.基地
2．I felt a growing sense of alarm when he did not return to our flat that night.惊慌
3．She was looking at me across the room，and we made eye contact several times.接触
4．Anyone，once tested positive for the bird flu，will receive free medical treatment from our government.阳性的
5．He became Jamaica’s first Olympic gold medallist when he won the 400m title in 1948.(竞赛、体育比赛的)冠军
训练1　Vocabulary　[分值：72.5分]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)
1．No one knows for sure why this plant is unique(独有的) to this area.
2．She pretended to be calm，but actually(实际上) she was very nervous.
3．We are aware that we should behave ourselves in a proper way in public.
4．Photos taken during the travel can always remind us of all those enjoyable memories.
5．In addition，it is a great opportunity for you to experience traditional Chinese culture.
6．She’s left a very confusing message on my phone.I am curious to know what it means.
7．Even though I hadn’t seen my classmate for many years，I recognised him immediately.
8．It is his extraordinary creativity that takes my breath away.
9．I know nothing about skateboarding so I refuse to make comments(评论) on his performance.
10．For more brochures about other package tours around Peru，contact(联系) us at tourinfo@ travelperu.org.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．Usually a child’s behavior(behave) reflects his/her family environment.
2．It is very easy to find a book intended(intend) for junior high school students.
3．Do you know how much energy you will burn up during the relay race
4．When I read an English novel，I often come across many unfamiliar words.
5．Young drivers are far more likely to have(have) accidents than old drivers.
6．You will be able to choose a room based(base) on your own personal tastes.
7．If you shout at him，he will surely do the opposite(oppose) of what you want.
8．As is reported，the number of dolphins is going down at an alarming(alarm) rate.
9．Obviously，her impressive behavior is a reflection(reflect) of her good education.
10．With the intention of improving my spoken English，I’m eager to join the organization(organize)．
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Some people say global English is no longer just controlled by British or American English，but is running free and developing uniquely local forms.Can you figure out the following terms
“I like your smile，but unlike you put your shoes on my face.” This is a way of saying “Keep off the grass”．Or “people mountain，people sea”，which means “very crowded”．
These examples are what we call Chinglish.When it comes to Chinglish，if all you know is “good good study，day day up”，you will be considered “out man”．
Nowadays，more Chinglish words have been created.For example，a Chinese idiom is translated as “smilence”，a combination by the English words smile and silence.
Chinglish usually offers a humorous look at misuses of the English language in Chinese street signs，products，and advertising.They are favoured by some English-speaking tourists and visitors.Dominic Swire has been living in Beijing for a couple of years.“I think many Chinese people complain about the Chinglish and badly translated English.But you know，sometimes for us foreigners，it’s actually quite interesting and charming to see them.Because I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect，then something would be lost from Chinese culture.”
However，Chinglish will probably become a “cultural relic” in the near future.Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and correct Chinglish within five years.“It is very ridiculous to see Chinglish on the signs in some scenic spots.And they are a kind of barrier for communication between Chinese and people from other countries，” a Beijinger said.
Some Chinese university experts side with Chinglish.From their point of view，English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth，and now it’s Chinese’s turn to develop the language and make it stronger.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。如今，世界英语不单单受美式英语和英式英语的影响，英语词汇和汉语语法的结合还导致了越来越多的“中式英语”的出现。
1．Which one of the following can be called Chinglish according to the examples
A．English words which get new Chinese meanings.
B．The Chinese words which are difficult to translate.
C．The words combining English vocabulary and Chinese grammar.
D．The local words preventing foreigners from learning Chinese well.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二、三段内容可知，这些中式英语的例子都是把英语词汇按照汉语语法表达出来，与C选项描述相符。故选C项。
2．What does “smilence” most probably mean
A．Laughing at somebody.
B．Knowing little about speech.
C．Smiling without being noticed.
D．Saying nothing but to smile.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据第四段中smilence一词后的内容“a combination by the English word smile and silence”可知，smilence是把“微笑”和“沉默”结合，即表示“笑而不语”。故选D项。
3．What is Swire’s attitude to Chinglish
A．It helps him to learn Chinese well.
B．It seems part of Chinese culture.
C．It can show the humour of Chinese.
D．It will attract more foreign tourists.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中Swire说的“Because I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect，then something would be lost from Chinese culture.”可推知，他认为中式英语是中国文化的一部分。故选B项。
4．Why is Chinglish likely to become a “cultural relic” in Beijing
A．Because Beijing is determined to get rid of Chinglish signs.
B．Because Chinglish is a chance to enrich Chinese and English.
C．Because it has become a unique bridge between Chinese and English.
D．Because it improves the understanding between Chinese and foreigners.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，北京决定全面纠正中式英语，景区内的中式英语的标语被认为是荒谬的，由此可推知，所谓的中式英语会成为“文化遗迹”是因为北京要逐渐消除中式英语，尤其是那些标语。故选A项。
B
If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English language，you will get answers like “Shakespeare” “Samuel Johnson” and “Webster”，but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn’t even speak English—William the Conqueror.
Before 1066，in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.In the west-central region lived the Welsh，who spoke a Celtic language，and in the north lived the Scots，whose language，though not the same as Welsh，was also Celtic.In the rest of the country lived the Saxons，actually a mixture of Anglos，Saxons，and other Germanic and Nordic peoples，who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon or Old English，a Germanic language.If this state of affairs had lasted，English today would be close to German.
But this state of affairs did not last.In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Saxons and began their rule over England.For about a century，French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants.As a result，English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German.In some cases，modern English even shows a distinction between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words.We even have different words for some foods，meat in particular，depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked，which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
When Americans visit Europe for the first time，they usually find Germany more “foreign” than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does.Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man’s ambition.
5．What is the two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before 1066
A．Celtic and Old English.
B．Welsh and Scottish.
C．Anglo-Saxon and Germanic.
D．Nordic and Germanic.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Before 1066...a Germanic language.”可知，1066年以前，在我们现在称之为大不列颠的土地上，两种主要语言是凯尔特语和盎格鲁撒克逊语(古英语)。故选A。
6．Which of the following groups of words are probably rooted in French
A．Folk，field，law.
B．President，lawyer，beef.
C．President，bread，water.
D．Bread，field，sheep.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“English words of politics and the law come from French”和“...meat in particular，depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked...”可知，法语主要影响英语中的政治和法律词汇，以及经过处理的肉的称呼，所以总统、律师和牛肉应该是来源于法语。故选B。
7．Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit to Europe
A．They know French better than German.
B．Most advertisements in France appear in English.
C．Many French words are similar to English ones.
D．They know little of the history of the English language.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When Americans visit Europe for the first time...more different from English than French does.”可知，标志和广告上使用的许多法语单词与英语单词相似，所以美国人第一次访问欧洲时通常会发现法国更不像“外国”。故选C。
8．What is the subject discussed in the text
A．The similarity between English and French.
B．The rule of England by William the Conqueror.
C．The French influences on the English language.
D．The history of Great Britain.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第三段和最后一段内容可知，这篇文章主要讲述法语对英语的影响。故选C。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Learning English or any language is like anything that requires continuous effort，like training for a marathon，or trying to lose weight.Rather than doing 1 or 2 days of studying all day，it is much better to do a small amount of study or practice every day，or at least on a regular(定期的) basis. 1
It is important when learning English or any language not to be afraid of making mistakes.The important thing is to be able to understand and communicate ideas.Even native(土著的) speakers don’t speak with perfect grammar. 2 If you speak English with any close friends or family，ask them to do that.
Put yourself in an environment where you are surrounded by English.Watching TV in English and listening to English music can be good examples.
Tell your friends and family about your goal or desire of learning English. 3 It could also help to explain why you want to learn/improve your English，such as studying abroad or getting a new job.
English has four skills: reading，writing，speaking and listening. 4 However，if you have trouble with any one of them，spend time on it.Generally，skills required to produce language like speaking and writing will develop slower than listening and reading.
5 Avoid trying to memorize long lists of vocabulary，unless you feel that this is the best way to learn.
Try to learn words in a context.It will not only help you to remember the words，but also help you to use them correctly when you are writing or speaking.
A．It will be helpful to cover each skill.
B．Use mind maps to help remember vocabulary.
C．Here are some ways to improve your listening skills.
D．Writing is a big headache for many English beginners.
E．Anyway，here is a list of some practical ways to improve your English.
F．Find friends with similar interests and who are supportive of your goals.
G．If you do want to improve，ask your teacher to correct any mistakes you make.
1．答案　E
解析　空格前一句建议通过定期少量的学习提升英语水平，下面各段分述一些具体的方法，故可推测空格处起到总起下文的作用。选项E“总之，这里列出了一些提高英语水平的实用方法”符合语境。故选E。
2．答案　G
解析　空格前一句指出母语人士都会犯语法错误，更不用说我们了，因此要懂得如何应对语法错误。选项G“如果你确实想改进，请你的老师纠正你犯的任何错误”指出改进语法错误的途径之一——请教老师，符合语境。故选G。
3．答案　F
解析　空格前一句指出告诉朋友和家人你为什么学英语。空格后一句中的代词It则说明空格处提到的一件事能帮助你解释自己为什么想要学习英语。选项F“找到有相似兴趣和支持你目标的朋友”呼应上下文。故选F。
4．答案　A
解析　空格前一句提到英语的四项技能。空格后一句指出如果某一项技能较弱，就要多花时间。选项A“掌握每一项技能会很有帮助”承接上文，且与下文形成转折，符合语境。故选A。
5．答案　B
解析　空格后一句指出记单词时应避免的做法，故可推测本段主要讨论如何记单词。选项B“使用思维导图帮助记忆词汇”指出一种记单词的合理方法，符合语境。故选B。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
Learning languages has many advantages：feeling confident when travelling abroad，making friends 1. (international)，being able to read books in the original(原版的)，and a lot more，like studying and working in other 2. (country)．Most people live under the stereotype(刻板印象) that they lose their learning abilities with age.However，if faced 3.____________ a challenge when there is no other way except to learn the new foreign language，adult people can show great results.Before 4. (decide) how to learn a new language，the first thing is to decide in which situation the language is to be used.
If the target is，for example,5. (travel) or find new business at some international events，a course focusing on speaking practices is recommended(推荐)．The 6. (base) vocabulary and conversational structures(结构)，studied and practised heavily during a short period of time，may lead to the needed result，which might be the ability to communicate on the streets or support 7. small business talk.Usually the two or three months of study 8.____________(be) enough to start communicating.However，if brought back shortly to the usual environment，the person might lose the majority of knowledge if there would not be any supporting practice afterwards.Unfortunately，without practical usage 9. further development，the language abilities may go away as easily as they came.The language cannot 10._____________(learn) once and forever.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了学习语言的好处，以及成人学习新语言的可能性和方法。
1．答案　internationally
解析　考查副词。分析句子结构，空格处在句子中作状语，应使用副词，故填internationally。
2．答案　countries
解析　考查名词复数。分析句子结构，空格处在句子中作宾语，应使用名词，根据空格处前面的other可知，空格处应填名词的复数形式，故填countries。
3．答案　with
解析　考查介词。分析句子结构，be faced with为固定短语，意为“面对……”，符合句意，故填with。
4．答案　deciding
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，根据空格处前面的介词Before可知，空格处应填动名词，故填deciding。
5．答案　to travel
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，空格处在句子中作表语，应使用非谓语动词，因空格处表示的是一个指向将来的不确定的动作，所以使用动词不定式，故填to travel。
6．答案　basic
解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构，空格处在句子中作定语表示属性，使用形容词，故填basic。
7．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。分析句子结构，因空格处后面有名词，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一个”含义，因空格处后面单词的首字母发音为辅音音素，故填a。
8．答案　is
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构，空格处在句子中作谓语，应使用动词，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，主语the two or three months of study中心词是study，谓语用第三人称单数，故填is。
9．答案　or
解析　考查连词。根据上文“practical usage(实际使用)”以及下文“further development(进一步发展)”可知上下文之间为选择关系，使用表示选择关系的并列连词，故填or。
10．答案　be learned/be learnt
解析　考查被动语态。分析句子结构，空格处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，故使用被动语态，根据空格处前面的情态动词can可知此处使用“情态动词＋be done”结构，空格处填“be＋过去分词”，故填be learned/be learnt。Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Sharing the difficulty in learning different English words well.
B．Instructing how to spell difficult English words correctly.
C．Analyzing the reasons for inventing the English language.
D．Showing how interesting and creative the English language is.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To introduce English is interesting and creative.
B．To tell us English is difficult to learn.
C．To direct our attention to the word formation.
D．To lead to the topic of discussion.
答案　D
2．How does the author develop the passage
A．By providing examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the way of spelling.
D．By following the order of importance.
答案　A
3．Why does the author say “English was invented by people”？
A．Because the English words show everything around us.
B．Because the language helps us communicate with others.
C．Because the language proves how creative human being is.
D．Because the English words are unique in the world.
答案　C
4．What do we know from the last paragraph
A．Words always have the same meanings.
B．Words can’t always describe what we feel.
C．Words sometimes confuse us.
D．Words can mean differently in different situations.
答案　D
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
Have you ever asked 1.yourself(you) why people often have trouble 2.learning(learn) English I hadn’t，until one day my five-year-old son asked me 3.whether/if there was ham in a hamburger or not.This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language 4.to learn(learn)．
Even the smallest words can be 5.confusing(confuse)．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in 6.which a house can burn up as it burns down，in which you fill in a form by filling it out，and in which an alarm 7.is heard(hear) once it goes off!
English was invented by people，not computers，and it reflects the 8.creativity(create) of the human race.That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the 9.lights(light) are out，they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch，it starts,10.but when I wind up this passage，it ends.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．I hadn’t，until one day my five-year-old son asked(ask) me whether there was ham in a hamburger.(P19 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，until引导时间状语从句。在该从句中，whether引导宾语从句，在此意为“是否”。
汉语翻译：我以前从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我5岁的儿子问我 hamburger(汉堡包)里面有没有ham(火腿)。
2．This got me thinking how English can be a crazy language to learn(learn)．(P19 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句。句中how引导的宾语从句作thinking的宾语。got me thinking是“get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，此处用现在分词thinking作宾语补足语。
汉语翻译：这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？
3．While we’re doing all this traveling，we can get seasick at sea，airsick in the air and carsick in a car，but we don’t get homesick when we get back home.(P19 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为but连接的并列句。第一个分句中，While引导时间状语从句；第二个分句中，when引导时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：旅行时，我们会在海上晕船(seasick at sea)、在飞机里晕机(airsick in the air)、在车里晕车(carsick in a car)，但回到家里我们却不会“晕家”。
4．When you see the capitalized(capitalize) “WHO” in a medical report，do you read it as the “who” in “Who’s that？”(P20 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；When引导时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：如果你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO，你会把它读成Who’s that？中的who吗？
5．You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language in which a house can burn up as it burns down，in which you fill in a form by filling it out，and in which an alarm is only heard once it goes off！(P20 Para.6)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；三个in which都引导定语从句，修饰先行词language。在第一个定语从句中，as引导时间状语从句；第三个定语从句中，once引导条件状语从句。
汉语翻译：英语这门语言独有的疯狂令你不得不感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬的时候，可以说burn up(字面意思为“烧上去”)，也可以说 burn down(字面意思为“烧下去”)；填表的时候，你可以 fill in a form(字面意思为“填入表里”)，也可以 fill out a form(字面意思为“填到表外”)；而且只有闹钟走了(go off字面意思为“离开”)以后你才能听到铃声！
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
neither...nor...既不……也不……
Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.(P19 Para.1)
pineapple(菠萝)里面既没有pine(松树)，也没有apple(苹果)。
结构分析：此处否定词Neither 位于句首，句子用部分倒装，neither...nor...是并列连词，意为“既不……，也不……”。
————————————————————————————————————————
否定词neither置于句首，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或be动词提到主语之前。常用的否定副词和短语还有never，no，not，seldom，hardly，nor，at no time，in no case(决不)，not until，not only等。
neither...nor...若连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，即“就近原则”。
表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nor引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)我最近既没见到他，也没收到他的来信。
Neither have I seen him recently，nor have I heard from him.
(2)父母和他们的儿子都对此结果不满意。
Neither the parents nor their son was satisfied with the result.
(3)他们从来没有这样有信心在辩论中获胜。
Never before have they been so confident about winning in the debate.
(4)任何情况下，你都不能错过上大学深造的机会。
In no case should you miss the opportunity to go to university for further study.
(5)他们昨天没有出去打羽毛球。我们也没有去。
They didn’t go out to play badminton yesterday.Neither/Nor did we.
This/That is why... 这/那就是……的原因
That is why when the stars are out，they are visible，but when the lights are out，they are invisible.(P20 Para.7)
这就是为什么stars are out(星星出来了)的时候我们能看到星星，而当lights are out(灯灭了)的时候我们却看不到灯光。
结构分析：此句中why引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句。
———————————————————————————————————————— This/That/It is why...是一个常用的句型，意为“这/那就是……的原因”，其中why引导表语从句，表示结果。
This/That/It is because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)
The reason why...is that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句)
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)他考试又没及格；那是因为他学习不够努力。
He failed the examination again; that is because he didn’t work hard enough.
(2)(应用文写作之道歉信)我有一个重要的会议要参加，这就是我不能和你一起去书店的原因。
I will attend an important meeting，and this is why I can’t go to the bookstore with you.
(3)她在那里哭的原因是她想家了。
The reason why she was crying over there was that she became homesick.
课文重点词块默写
1．做某事有困难/费力have trouble (in) doing sth
2．既不……也不…… neither...nor...
3．让某人一直做某事get sb doing sth
4．例如for example
5．画一幅画paint a painting
6．拍照片take a photo
7．讲起……，说到……speaking of...
8．对……感到诧异wonder at
9．……的反义词the opposite of...
10．烧毁，烧尽burn up/down
11．填写(表格等)fill in/out
12．(爆炸装置)爆炸；进行；(警报器)突然大作go off
13．人类human race
14．给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束wind up
训练2　Understanding ideas　[分值：50分]
Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(共15分)
(应用文写作——学英语的建议)
1．得知你在学英语上遇到了困难，我写信给你一些建议。[have trouble (in) doing sth]
Knowing that you have trouble learning English，I’m writing to give you some suggestions.
2．当我们学习英语时，我们总是对单词或语法感到困惑。(while引导时间状语从句；confused)
While we are learning English，we are always confused about the words or the grammar.
3．这就是大多数学生认为英语很难学的原因。(this is why...)
This is why most of the students think English is difficult to learn.
4．但是，实际上生词和语法都不难学。(neither...nor...)
However，neither the new words nor the grammar is actually difficult to learn.
5．要想学好英语，你只需要多花时间，多练习。(不定式表目的)
To learn English well，you should only spend more time and practice more often.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Knowing that you have trouble learning English，I’m writing to give you some suggestions.While we are learning English，we are always confused about the words or the grammar.Actually，this is why most of the students think English is difficult to learn.However，neither the new words nor the grammar is actually difficult to learn.As we all know，all language learning needs lots of practice.To learn English well，you should only spend more time and practice more often.I am confident that keep it up and you will make progress sooner or later.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
“Long time no see.” is a very interesting sentence.When I first read this sentence from an American friend’s e-mail，I laughed.I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish.
Obviously，it is a word-by-word literal translation(直译) of the Chinese greeting with wrong English grammar! Later on，my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting.I was too surprised to believe her.Her words were unbelievable at all.So I did research on the Internet.To my surprise，there are over 60 thousand web pages containing “Long time no see.” Though it is sort of informal，it is part of the language that Americans use daily.Interestingly，if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word，the software will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected.
Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence.Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan’s movies.In the 1930s，Hollywood moviemakers successfully created a worldwide famous Chinese detective(警探) named “Charlie Chan” on wide screens.Detective Chan liked to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting Confucius.“Long time no see.” was his symbol.Soon after Charlie Chan，“Long time no see.” became a popular expression in America thanks to the popularity of these movies.
Some scholars compare America to a huge melting pot.All kinds of cultures are mixed in the pot together，and they change the color and taste of each other.Language is usually the first thing to be influenced in the mixed pot.
You can have some examples from other countries，such as pizza from Italian，sushi from Japanese，and déjà vu from French etc.There is a long list! Since Americans admire Chinese culture more and more nowadays，I believe more Chinese words will become American English in the future.In this way，the American’s melting pot keeps adding richness.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要以“Long time no see.”这句话为例介绍了美国英语不断被不同的文化所丰富的现象。
1．What did the writer himself feel surprised at
A．The Chinglish expression “Long time no see.”
B．So many literal translations of the expressions used in America.
C．“Long time no see.” is used as a standard American English greeting.
D．Finding out Americans use the expression every day.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Later on，my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting.I was too surprised to believe her.”可知，作者感到惊讶的是“Long time no see.”被用作标准的美式英语问候语。故选C项。
2．What do the underlined words “melting pot” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Confucius’s words.
B．Culture mixture.
C．A kind of cooked dish.
D．American changing cultures.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“All kinds of cultures are mixed in the pot together，and they change the color and taste of each other.”可知，多种文化在此混合，互相影响，可推知一些学者是把美国文化比喻成一个巨大的文化混合物，所以画线词为“文化的混合物”的意思。故选B项。
3．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Detectives translated the phrase “Long time no see.”
B．Cultures cannot be changed in the huge melting pot.
C．The huge melting pot greatly affects all kinds of languages.
D．Hollywood made “Long time no see.” popular.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In the 1930s，Hollywood moviemakers...became a popular expression in America thanks to the popularity of these movies.”可推知，是好莱坞让“Long time no see.”流行了起来。故选D项。
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．American English keeps being enriched by different cultures.
B．Americans have a strong interest in Chinese culture.
C．Some American expressions can be used in China.
D．Some Chinese expressions are introduced into English.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其根据第四段以及第五段可知，本文主要介绍了美国英语不断被不同的文化所丰富。故选A项。
B
(2024·广东惠州高一期末)
There are thousands of languages in the world.But which language is the oldest Experts use different methods to find out the age of a language.
Finding the oldest language is a challenging task，according to Danny Hieber，an expert in the study of endangered languages.“If we think that most languages can date back to an original human language，all languages are equally old，” Hieber said.However，it’s impossible to find out such language—the direct ancestor of every language in the world.Accordingly，some experts believe that the “oldest language” should belong to one with a well-established written record.
Many of the earliest recorded examples of writing come from languages that used cuneiform script(楔形文字)．Among these languages are Sumerian and Akkadian，both dating back at least 4,600 years.Experts have also found Egyptian hieroglyphs that date to around the same historical period.These hieroglyphs，which can be translated into “He has united the Two Lands for his son，Dual King Peribsen”，are considered the earliest complete sentence ever discovered.
Experts generally agree that Sumerian，Akkadian and Egyptian are the oldest languages with a clear written record.All three are extinct，meaning that they are no longer used and don’t have any living followers which can carry the language to the next generation.
As for the oldest language that is still spoken，several competitors appear.Hebrew and Arabic stand out among such languages for having timelines that experts can reasonably find，according to Hieber.Although these earliest written languages only date back around 3,000 years，Hieber said，“both of them belong to the Afroasiatic language family，whose roots date back to 18,000 to 8,000 B．C.E.，or about 20,000 to 10,000 years ago.” Even with this wide period of time，it is widely accepted that Afroasiatic is the oldest language family.But the exact point in time when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了专家是如何确定语言的年龄的，并介绍了一些古老的语言。
5．How can experts judge the age of a language
A．By studying its spoken dialects.
B．By analyzing its basic grammar.
C．By examining its written records.
D．By comparing it to other languages.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Accordingly，some experts believe that the ‘oldest language’ should belong to one with a well-established written record.”可推知，专家可以通过研究书写记录来判断一种语言的年龄。故选C。
6．What is the value of these Egyptian hieroglyphs
A．They’re an example of cuneiform script.
B．They belong to the Afroasiatic language family.
C．They provide evidence of the oldest language.
D．They’re the earliest-known complete sentence.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“These hieroglyphs，which can be translated...are considered the earliest complete sentence ever discovered.”可知，这些埃及象形文字的价值在于是已知最早的完整句子。故选D。
7．What does the underlined word “extinct” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Gone. B．Ancient.
C．Outdated. D．Active.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“meaning that they are no longer used and don’t have any living followers which can carry the language to the next generation”可知，这三种语言不再被使用，也无法被传给下一代，即这三种语言都消亡了。故画线词意思是“消亡了的”。故选A。
8．What is the main disagreement among experts regarding Hebrew and Arabic
A．The reason for their standing out.
B．The exact time of their separation.
C．The appearance of their competitors.
D．The roots of earliest written languages.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But the exact point in time when Hebrew and Arabic separated from other Afroasiatic languages is heavily debated among experts.”可知，专家们关于希伯来语和阿拉伯语的主要分歧是它们分离出来的确切时间。故选B。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·山东菏泽高一期中)
André was born into a very poor family.In Guatemala，less than one percent of kids have the 1 to receive a university education.Yet André always had this unusual 2 to go to college.
During his last year in high school，André 3 the goal to go to one of the best universities in Guatemala City.Everybody told him，“That is a(n) 4 dream.”
But André was focused.André 5 about fifteen embassies(大使馆) in Guatemala and asked if they had any scholarships(奖学金) for college students.None of them did.Then André took the entrance exams， 6 that if he did well，something good might happen.
One of the schools he 7 is Francisco Marroquín University.An officer of the university，Monica，said：
“André scored a perfect 100 in the math exam.I was so 8 with André that at the end of the 9 I told him，‘André，you are accepted.’”
“I 10 him saying，‘Oh，thanks.Now I can tell everybody about the news 11 .But you must know that I can’t 12 it，so you can use my 13 to accept someone else.’”
“Don’t worry，André.You will get our scholarship，and it will 14 everything.Congratulations！”
André didn’t complain(抱怨) about his difficulties.Instead，he focused on what he could 15 —his attitude and his goal.
1．A.confidence B．chance
C．right D．aim
答案　B
解析　confidence信心；chance机会；right权利；aim目的。根据空后“to receive a university education”可推测，在危地马拉，只有不到1%的孩子有机会接受大学教育。故选B。
2．A.ability B．tradition
C．strategy D．dream
答案　D
解析　ability能力；tradition传统；strategy策略；dream梦想。根据下文“Everybody told him，‘That is a(n) dream.’”可知，上大学是André的梦想。故选D。
3．A.won B．kicked
C．set D．reached
答案　C
解析　win赢；kick踢；set设定；reach到达。根据上文“Yet André always had this unusual to go to college.”可知，他想要上大学，所以在高中最后一年，他定下了目标。set the goal意为“设定目标”。故选C。
4．A.impossible B．interesting
C．practical D．unpleasant
答案　A
解析　impossible不可能的；interesting有趣的；practical实用的；unpleasant令人不快的。根据上文“In Guatemala，less than one percent of kids have the to receive a university education.”可知，在危地马拉，上大学的孩子不到百分之一。由此可知，其他人都告诉他，这个梦想是不可能实现的。故选A。
5．A.called for B．called off
C．called out D．called up
答案　D
解析　call for需要；call off取消；call out召唤出动，大声叫喊；call up打电话，想起，召集。根据空后的“fifteen embassies(大使馆)”可知，他是打电话询问是否有奖学金。故选D。
6．A.hoping B．finding
C．realizing D．deciding
答案　A
解析　hope希望；find发现；realize意识到；decide决定。根据空后“if he did well，something good might happen”可知，他希望如果他考得好，可能就会有好事发生。故选A。
7．A.looked for B．answered for
C．applied to D．referred to
答案　C
解析　look for寻找；answer for对……负责；apply to适用于，向……申请；refer to提及。根据下文“André scored a perfect 100 in the math exam.I was so...‘André，you are accepted.’”可知，这所大学是他申请的学校之一。故选C。
8．A.familiar B．strict
C．angry D．impressed
答案　D
解析　familiar熟悉的；strict严格的；angry愤怒的；impressed印象深刻的。根据上文“André scored a perfect 100 in the math exam.”可知，André在数学考试中得了满分100分，由此可知，考官对他印象深刻。故选D。
9．A.exam B．interview
C．contest D．term
答案　B
解析　exam考试；interview面试；contest竞赛；term学期。根据下文“I told him，‘André，you are accepted.’”可知，这是发生在面试结束的时候。故选B。
10．A.remember B．imagine
C．keep D．prevent
答案　A
解析　remember记得；imagine想象；keep保持；prevent阻止。根据下文“him saying，‘Oh，thanks.Now I can tell everybody about the news .But you must know that I can’t it，so you can use my to accept someone else.’”可知，下文是考官对当时情况的回忆，由此可知，空处指的是“记得……”。故选A。
11．A.slowly B．obviously
C．proudly D．fluently
答案　C
解析　slowly缓慢地；obviously显而易见地；proudly自豪地；fluently流利地。根据上文“André，you are accepted.”可知，他被这所大学录取了，根据常理可知，他应该是可以自豪地告诉别人这个消息。故选C。
12．A.afford B．recommend
C．prove D．determine
答案　A
解析　afford负担得起；recommend推荐；prove证明；determine决定。根据上文“André was born into a very poor family.”可知，André家庭贫困，无法负担学费。故选A。
13．A.system B．space
C．title D．power
答案　B
解析　system系统；space空间，空位；title标题；power力量，权力。根据上文“you must know that I can’t it”可知，André家庭贫困，所以他无法负担学费，因此他的意思是自己不能上大学，可以将自己空出的名额让给他人。故选B。
14．A.wind up B．focus on
C．pay for D．lead to
答案　C
解析　wind up结束，给……上发条；focus on专注于；pay for为……付款；lead to导致。根据上文“Don’t worry，André.You will get our scholarship”可知，André将会获得奖学金，用于支付所有大学费用。故选C。
15．A.improve B．describe
C．celebrate D．control
答案　D
解析　improve改善；describe描述；celebrate庆祝；control控制。根据上文“André didn’t complain(抱怨) about his difficulties.”和空后“his attitude and his goal”可知，他不会抱怨自己遇到的困难，只会专注于自己能控制的——态度和目标。故选D。Section Ⅳ　Grammar
阅读以下短文，体会加黑部分，完成下面的练习
Last ①weekend，I was traveling home from business.At the entrance to the subway，I met a man in a wheelchair who was seriously physically ②disabled，and I decided to offer him some help.I went to the nearby food ③stand and bought him a ④pineapple and two ⑤hamburgers.He explained he was once ⑥healthy but an accident left him disabled.While listening to his story I realized that he had ⑦experienced a lot in his life，so I offered him some money and told him，“Keep it up and ⑧happiness would fall on you.”
[自主发现]
以上黑体单词是在原有单词的基础上进行了一系列合成、派生和转化而组成的新单词，如①，④和⑤是由两个单词连在一起合成的一个新词；②，⑥和⑧是在词根之后加上后缀或在词根之前加上前缀转化成的新词；③和⑦是在不改变词形的前提下将一个词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的新词。
构词法
构词法是单词构词的基本规律，有辅助记忆，以熟带生，以生通熟的作用。 按照一定的语言规律创造新词的方法叫构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量都有重要意义。英语中的构词法有合成法、派生法、转化法和缩略法四大类。
一、合成法
由两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫合成词，这种构词法称为合成法。最常见的合成法包括合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成副词、合成介词、合成代词。词与词之间有的用连字符连接，有的直接连接在一起。
1．合成名词的常见结构
(1)名词＋名词
sportsman男运动员；lifeboat救生船
(2)名词＋动词-ing
handwriting书法；sightseeing观光
(3)名词＋动词＋-er
storyteller讲故事的人；lawmaker立法者
(4)动词＋副词
get-together聚会；breakthrough突破；tryout选拔赛
(5)过去分词＋副词
grown-up成年人
2．合成形容词的常见结构
(1)名词＋动词-ing
English-speaking讲英语的；peace-loving爱好和平的
(2)形容词＋名词＋-ed
warm-hearted热心的；white-colored白色的
(3)数词＋名词＋-ed
one-eyed独眼的；three-storeyed三层的
(4)数词＋名词＋形容词
three-year-old三岁的；two-foot-deep两英尺深的
3．合成动词的常见结构
(1)形容词＋动词
whitewash 粉刷(墙壁等)
(2)副词＋动词
overcome 战胜；overthrow 推翻
(3)名词＋动词
sleepwalk 梦游
4．合成副词的常见结构
(1)形容词＋副词
everywhere 到处；somehow 以某种方式
(2)副词＋副词
however 无论如何；whenever无论何时
(3)介词＋副词
forever 永远
(4)介词＋名词
beforehand 预先；downstairs 在楼下
5．合成介词的常见结构
(1)副词＋名词
inside 在……里；outside 在……外
(2)介词＋副词
throughout 遍及；within 在……之内
(3)副词＋介词
into 到……里；upon 在……之上
6．合成代词的常见结构
(1)代词宾格＋self
herself 她自己；himself 他自己
(2)物主代词＋self
myself 我自己；yourself 你自己
(3)形容词＋名词
anything 任何东西；everything 一切东西
二、派生法
在一个词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法，称作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀叫作前缀，加在词根之后的词缀为后缀。
1．动词变名词后缀
(1)-y　discover→discovery发现；injure→injury伤害
(2)-er/-or/-ar/-ee　employ→employer雇主；educate→educator教育工作者；beg→beggar乞丐；employ→employee雇员
(3)-al　arrive→arrival到达；refuse→refusal拒绝
(4)其他　choose→choice选择；think→thought思想；思考
2．形容词变名词后缀
(1)-y/-ty/-ity　difficult→difficulty困难；safe→safety安全；major→majority大多数
(2)-th　warm→warmth温暖；true→truth真理
(3)-ness　happy→happiness幸福；kind→kindness仁慈
(4)-ce　silent→silence沉默；different→difference差异
3．形容词变副词后缀
(1)直接加-ly
certain→certainly肯定地；natural→naturally自然地
(2)以-y结尾的词，变y为i再加-ly
happy→happily高兴地；lucky→luckily幸运地
(3)以-le结尾的词，去e加y
terrible→terribly非常；simple→simply简单地
4．否定前缀
(1)un-　healthy→unhealthy不健康的；fair→unfair不公平的
(2)im-　possible→impossible不可能的；polite→impolite不礼貌的
(3)dis-　like→dislike不喜欢；agree→disagree不同意
(4)mis-　understand→misunderstand误解；lead→mislead误导
(5)in-　formal→informal非正式的；convenient→inconvenient不方便的
(6)non-　non-smoker不吸烟的人；non-essential 非必需的；不重要的
5．其他意义的前缀、后缀
(1)re-(重新)　write→rewrite重写；build→rebuild重建
(2)-less(无)　harm→harmless无害的；use→useless无用的
三、转化法
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1．许多名词可转化为动词，意思也随之有些改变。如：
cook(n.厨师→v.烹饪)　name(n.名字→v.命名)
picture(n.画→v.描绘)　stand(n.看台→v.站)
2．形容词转化为动词。如：
calm(adj.平静的→v.使平静)　spare(adj.空闲的→v.节省)
own(adj.自己的→v.拥有)　last(adj.最后的→v.持续)
3．形容词转化为副词。如：
hard(adj.困难的→adv.努力地)　well(adj.健康的→adv.很好地)
四、缩略法
缩略法是指把原词的音节加以省略或简化，从而在拼写和读音上都呈现出新的形式的构词方法。缩略法最常见的一种形式就是首字母缩略。如：
UN——the United Nations联合国
MTV——music television音乐电视
AIDS——Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome艾滋病
Ⅰ.写出下列黑体词的汉语意思
1．He decided to shoulder the burden of his family.承担，担负
2．After work，the saleswoman didn’t head straight home.女售货员
3．He was ill for some days，and his wife nursed him kindly.看护，照料
4．You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us.想象；设想
5．There are more newly-built houses in this village than in that one.新建的
6．The middle-aged woman is going to visit her mother this afternoon.中年的
7．From her eyes，we can see that the little girl is hungering for education.渴望得到
8．They decided to have another paper-making factory set up in this town.造纸
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．All of a sudden，my heart was filled with warmth(warm)．
2．I’m so thankful(thank) that we had candles on hand that dark night.
3．It was such a shock when they announced the winner(win) was Jim.
4．When they heard it，they immediately(immediate) came to my help.
5．Both students and teachers have expressed their happiness(happy) with these courses.
6．The great society is a place where every child can find knowledge to enrich(rich) their mind.
7．With the development(develop) of technology，our mobiles are becoming smaller and smaller.
8．It’s natural that young people are often uncomfortable(comfortable) when they are with their parents.
训练3　Grammar　[分值：88.5分]
Ⅰ.选词填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
absent-minded，passer-by，face-to-face，dry-clean，ill-treated，peace-loving，color-blind，pickpocket，notebook，ready-made
1．Such expensive clothes need dry-cleaning.
2．They agreed to have a face-to-face talk next week.
3．The boy is color-blind and cannot tell blue from yellow.
4．The pickpocket was caught stealing the cellphone from a lady.
5．The ill-treated boy was helped to get rid of trouble successfully.
6．Some passers-by lent me a hand when they saw me get into trouble.
7．The fat man can hardly find any ready-made clothes that fit him well.
8．We Chinese are peace-loving people and we’ll never declare war on others.
9．When I use my dictionary，I write down all the new words I learn in this little notebook.
10．The boy is often absent-minded in class，but sometimes he can listen to the teacher closely.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．He lied to me，which made me unhappy(happy)．
2．A foreigner(foreign) came to visit our school last Friday.
3．It is very dangerous(danger) for children to play with fire.
4．Only in this way can a new generation be healthily(healthy) brought up.
5．She often mistakes(mistake) me for my twin brother but I don’t care that.
6．Frankly speaking，I enjoyed the play，particularly(particular) the second half.
7．I want to work in the atmosphere which is fairly informal(formal) and relaxing.
8．I just came here last week so I am unfamiliar(familiar) with the place and the people here.
Ⅲ.阅读下面短文，分析并写出画线部分的构词法(共7小题；每小题2分，共14分)
Last 1.weekend，I was traveling home from business.It was too late，so I decided to go to a hotel near the bus stop.At the entrance to the hotel，I met a man who was 2.disabled，and I made up my mind to offer him some help.He spoke to me and explained his past life when he was 3.healthy.He had worked in a car factory for five years.Then an accident left him disabled.While listening to his story I realized that he had 4.experienced a lot in his life.I told him that although he was 5.physically disabled，his heart was strong，and he could always depend on it.I offered him some money to buy food and 6.drinks and then he went home.I have learnt that if you say a few good words and offer a little help to others，it will not only bring 7.happiness to you，but it will also be in other people’s hearts forever.
答案　1.合成法　2.派生法　3.派生法　4.转化法
5．派生法　6.转化法　7.派生法
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Chinese is one of the world’s most widely spoken languages.As one of the six official languages used by United Nations，Chinese now has gained itself greater status(地位) in the world.Chinese is interesting and special.Unlike most other languages，Chinese has a written form and several spoken forms.The official language of China is the Mandarin(普通话)．
Mandarin is a statement in China.It is the common language of all modern Han nationality people.Mandarin is shaped and based on the Beijing dialect and other dialects spoken in the northern areas of China.Mandarin is taught in schools throughout the country.The media，officials，and the government use Mandarin as their main language.When you type in Chinese，you use a phonetic system，called pinyin，which matches the Mandarin pronunciation.Mandarin is used as a mother tongue by most people who are about one fifth of the world’s population.Chinese once had very great influence on some neighboring countries with their languages and characters，such as Japanese，Korean，Vietnamese and so on.In addition to China，Mandarin is an official language in several other countries in Asia.
Nowadays，with the development of China，Chinese people not only speak Chinese，but also learn other languages，such as English.English is a required course and universal education in China and has great popularity.Many Chinese people can speak basic English，especially the youth，students，and staff of service trades like hotels，restaurants，airlines，banks and post offices.In large cities，there are more people who can communicate with foreigners in English.The language communication now is not a problem at all for those that wish to come to China.
Now Chinese is becoming more and more popular.As long as you know Chinese，you’ll also be fine anywhere in China.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉语如今的国际地位、影响以及英语在中国的现状等情况。
1．What can we learn from paragraph 1
A．Chinese has one written and spoken form.
B．Chinese plays an important role in the world.
C．The official language of China is Beijing dialect.
D．Chinese is used as one of the five official languages.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“As one of the six official languages used by United Nations，Chinese now has gained itself greater status(地位) in the world.”可知，汉语在世界上扮演着重要的角色。故选B。
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The wrong opinions in Mandarin.
B．The advantages of Mandarin.
C．The status and influence of Mandarin.
D．The results of learning Mandarin.
答案　C
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段“Mandarin is a statement in China.It is the common language of all modern Han nationality people...In addition to China，Mandarin is an official language in several other countries in Asia.”可知，第二段的主要内容是普通话的地位和影响。故选C。
3．Why does the author mention English
A．To show the changes in English.
B．To advise people to travel in England.
C．To call on people in China to learn English.
D．To introduce the present situation of English in China.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Nowadays，with the development of China，Chinese people not only speak Chinese...Many Chinese people can speak basic English”可推知，作者提到英语是为了介绍英语在中国的现状。故选D。
4．What will probably be written in the following paragraph
A．More foreigners will learn Chinese.
B．English will be affected by Chinese.
C．The difficulties of learning Chinese.
D．The long and splendid history of Chinese.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。最后一段指出学习汉语有助于在中国各处生活或游览，由此可推知，在下一段中可能会写越来越多的外国人将学习汉语。故选A。
B
Hello and welcome to “Words and Their Stories”．We will research into some commonly used words and expressions.As with other languages，American English is rich in expressions that come from animals.Today we will talk about the wolf.
Wolves are important animals in the traditions and stories of America.Before the Europeans arrived at north America in the 1500s，to native Americans，wolves often meant being brave.
However，in English，wolves are not to be trusted.Perhaps wolves attacked too many people or ate too many farm animals.Whatever the reason，wolves were killed in many places.So many died that they almost became endangered.They also became known as bad animals.
To begin with，there is an expression lone wolf.If we call somebody a lone wolf，he isn’t a bad person，but he may like to do things by himself.In fact，he sometimes makes you think he doesn’t want to be around people because he dislikes them.
Now，let’s move on to the home.Parents tell their children not to wolf down their food.In other words，the child eats too quickly and without care.And if someone says a child was raised by wolves，that child has bad manners and is behaving like a wild animal.
A wolf call is the noise made by a man to show that he likes the way a woman looks.But a wolf call is not a nice thing.These men sound rude.And trust me，most women really hate wolf calls.So，they don’t help a man in the game of love.
By the way，there is a popular expression about wolf from a very old story: a wolf in sheep’s clothing.A wolf in sheep’s clothing describes someone who acts and looks nice on the outside but is bad on the inside.It tells us not to be fooled by appearances.
5．What can we know after reading the passage
A．Wolves are dangerous and should be killed in order to protect other animals.
B．Only in American English can we expect to find expressions about wolves.
C．In different areas and times，wolves make people think of different things.
D．Nobody lived on north America before the Europeans went there in the 1500s.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段和第三段可知，在不同的地区和时代，狼会让人们想到不同的事情。故选C。
6．If a person is called a lone wolf，which of the following things is he most likely to do
A．Helping classmates to finish homework.
B．Stealing money if nobody is watching.
C．Making many friends with people around.
D．Going to see a movie on his own after school.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“If we call somebody a lone wolf，he isn’t a bad person，but he may like to do things by himself.”可知，如果一个人被称为孤狼，他最有可能在放学后自己去看电影。故选D。
7．Which of the following expressions can be used on a student who often breaks school rules
A．A lone wolf.
B．Raised by wolves.
C．Wolf call.
D．A wolf in sheep’s clothing.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“And if someone says a child was raised by wolves，that child has bad manners and is behaving like a wild animal.”可推知，“Raised by wolves.”可以用在经常违反校规的学生身上。故选B。
8．Where is it possible for us to find the passage above
A．A book for travel guide.
B．A magazine on trade and business.
C．A science report.
D．A program for English learning.
答案　D
解析　文章出处题。根据第一段中的“Hello and welcome to ‘Words and Their Stories’．..American English is rich in expressions that come from animals.”可推知，本文可能出自一档英语学习节目。故选D。
Ⅴ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
You just arrived in an English-speaking country.How can you get the most benefit out of your journey？ 1
Don’ts
2 This will lead you nowhere as you won’t be able to improve your English or immerse in the new culture.The best way of knowing the English culture is by living among people who speak this language.
If you packed books to read while on the road，make sure the books are in English. 3 This way you know what’s happening in the book and you are somehow familiar with the plot so it’s easier for you to learn a few more words.
Do’s
But when travelling to an English-speaking country there aren’t just things that you need to avoid.Here are some things you are advised to do in order to improve your English.
Make friends among the locals. 4 Even if you don’t speak English very well，you will certainly understand them.Visit their families and enjoy a great meal with them; you certainly won’t regret it.
Read the local newspapers，read every brochure you get your hands on and try to use the Internet while searching for something locally in English.
Go shopping.This is an amazing experience and everybody will be nice to you and listen to you even if your English is not that good. 5 Also，you will learn a few more things that will help you perfect your English.
So next time you are in an English-speaking country，don’t waste time thinking your English is not good enough.Go outside，meet people and speak the language!
A．Also，buy books that you already read.
B．There’s nothing better than having fun with the locals.
C．This way，you will end up with some cool new things.
D．Well，first you need to make sure that you know what to avoid.
E．Avoid finding people who speak the same native language as you.
F．Instead，go to the local library and buy the classics in the English language.
G．Fortunately，there is a lot of information on the Internet on all subjects possible.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了当我们到以英语为母语的国家时，如何能得到最多收获。
1．答案　D
解析　上文问到怎样才能从旅行中获得最大的好处，结合下文“Don’ts”和随后的内容可知，下文首先谈论的是要避免做的事情，选项D承上启下，使上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
2．答案　E
解析　根据本段下文可知，了解英语文化最好的方法就是和说这种语言的人生活在一起，选项E“避免找和你说一样的母语的人”和下文内容紧密连接，且符合“Don’ts”的主题，符合语境。故选E项。
3．答案　A
解析　根据下文“This way you know what’s happening in the book and you are somehow familiar with the plot so it’s easier for you to learn a few more words.”可知，本空应该说的是买已经看过的书。选项A符合此推断。故选A项。
4．答案　B
解析　根据该段主旨句“Make friends among the locals.”可知，本段主要建议大家和当地人交朋友。选项B“没什么比和当地人玩更好的了”承接上文，符合本段主旨。故选B项。
5．答案　C
解析　根据该段主旨句“Go shopping.”以及下文“Also，you will learn a few more things that will help you perfect your English.”说明购物的另一种好处可知，选项C“这样，你最终会得到一些很棒的东西”承上启下，符合语境。故选C项。
Ⅵ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
My friend Michael Corcia，a twenty-year-old exchange student from France，is now on his way to 1. (explore) China and achieving his dream.He has 2. unique Chinese name，Kou Lexia，which means happiness and bravery.
In the beginning，I was curious 3. his drive to learn Chinese.He explained to me confidently that it would be much 4. (easy)for him to build up his career in future with fluent Chinese.Actually，he had started to learn Chinese before he came to China.
Like many other exchange students studying in China，he quickly 5. (fall) in love with Chinese food and fully got used to life here.
It seems that he lives an 6. (extreme) busy life now.While practicing Chinese with his language partners in his university，he also teaches a Chinese girl French as a part-time job.Through playing badminton，he has made lots of Chinese friends.Besides all these 7.________________(activity)，he has Chinese courses every day for a whole semester.Fortunately，his hard work has proved to be 8. (succeed)．He is able 9.______________(introduce)himself clearly and express his ideas freely in Chinese.
By learning Chinese，Michael discovers a new world in 10. he can experience different culture and make preparations for his future.
1．答案　exploring
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：我的朋友Michael Corcia，一个来自法国的20岁的交换生，现在正在探索中国，实现他的梦想。非谓语动词担当介词“to”的宾语，用动名词形式。故填exploring。
2．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。句意：他有一个独特的中文名字，寇乐侠，意思是快乐和勇敢。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词“unique”的首字母发音为辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。
3．答案　about
解析　考查固定短语。固定短语：be curious about，意为“对……感到好奇”，符合句意。故填about。
4．答案　easier
解析　考查比较级。句意：他自信地向我解释说，流利的中文会让他在未来更容易建立自己的事业。根据句意可知，空处指的是“更容易”，用形容词比较级。故填easier。
5．答案　fell
解析　考查时态。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般过去时。故填fell。
6．答案　extremely
解析　考查副词。句意：看来他现在过着非常忙碌的生活。修饰形容词“busy”用副词形式。故填extremely。
7．答案　activities
解析　考查名词复数。根据空前的“all these”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填activities。
8．答案　successful
解析　考查形容词。担当本句表语，用形容词形式。故填successful。
9．答案　to introduce
解析　考查固定短语。固定短语：be able to do sth，意为“能够做某事”，符合句意。故填to introduce。
10．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。句意：通过学习中文，Michael发现了一个新的世界，在那里他可以体验到不同的文化，并为他的未来做准备。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“world”，在定语从句中担当介词“in”后的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。Section Ⅴ　Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the conversations on P25 and choose the best answer.
Conversation 1
1．Where does “dim sum” come from
A．Beijing dialect.
B．Guangdong dialect.
C．Sichuan dialect.
答案　B
Conversation 2
2．What is the word “cellfish” about
A．It is about a negative personality.
B．It is about a selfish way of using cellphones.
C．It means not caring about others when seeing a movie.
答案　B
Conversation 3
3．In which situation can we use “LOL”？
A．When we think something is really funny.
B．When we think something is not interesting.
C．When we think someone is in low spirits.
答案　A
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the conversations again and fill in the blanks.
Conversation 1
A：I’m going to buy something to eat from the restaurant 1.downstairs.Would you like anything
B：Oh yes，please.Could you order me some dim sum
A：2.Some what
B：Dim sum.
A：What kind of food is that
B：It’s a kind of 3.traditional Chinese food from South China，including dumplings，spring rolls，meatballs and so on.
A：Oh，I see.So “dim sum” comes from Chinese
B：Yes，that’s right.In fact，it comes from the Guangdong dialect.In Mandarin or Putonghua it would be “dian xin”．
A：Well，it sounds good! Maybe I’ll order that 4.as well...
Conversation 2
A：How was the movie
B：It was great，but someone in front of me was talking so loudly 5.on her phone.
A：How cellfish!
B：Yes，I agree.Very 6.selfish.
A：Ah，do you know what I mean by “cellfish”？
B：Of course! When you say “selfish”，you mean only 7.caring about yourself and not about other people，right
A：That’s what “selfish” with an “s” means，but I’m talking about “cellfish” starting with the letter “c”．
B：I haven’t heard that word before.What does it mean
A：It means using a cellphone in a way that shows you don’t care about the other people around you.
B：That’s interesting.How do you spell it
A：C-E-L-L-F-I-S-H.It’s the words“cellphone” and “selfish” 8.put together.
B：Oh，I see...
Conversation 3
A：Darling，could you take a look at this message from Lucy I have no idea what she’s talking about...again.
B：What has she said
A：Well，I told her a joke that Bob told me today at the office，and，as you see，she 9.replied “LOL”．What’s that for
B：Oh，LOL! It’s a 10.shorter way of saying “laugh out loud”．
A：I’ve never seen or heard that before.Where does it come from
B：It was first used on the Internet.You use it to show you think something is very 11.funny.
A：Oh，okay.
B：12.Keep up with the times，darling!Section Ⅵ　Developing ideas
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．An exciting adventure in English learning.
B．Some funny posts about what we should learn in class.
C．Some misadventures in English shared on the Internet.
D．Some advice to the four students who have trouble with English.
答案　C
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．Why couldn’t Maggie teach that day
A．Because she ate a big frog.
B．Because she had a sore throat and couldn’t speak.
C．Because she was afraid that she had a frog in her stomach.
D．Because she was very tired after eating a frog in her throat.
答案　B
2．Why didn’t Sophie find the shoes on the first floor
A．Because she didn’t go up to the upper floor.
B．Because she misunderstood the lady’s words.
C．Because the shoes were all placed on the second floor.
D．Because there was no shoe section in the shopping centre.
答案　B
3．What does “it” refer to in the sentence “I found it very odd.”(in the third post)
A．My penfriend was living in London.
B．My penfriend was angry with his grandfather.
C．My penfriend didn’t get on well with his grandfather.
D．My penfriend said his nice grandfather was really wicked.
答案　D
4．What do we learn about Zheng Xu’s English paper
A．Zheng Xu didn’t get a good grade on it.
B．Zheng Xu felt disappointed about his paper.
C．The teacher thought the paper was well written.
D．The teacher didn’t think Zheng Xu was a bad student.
答案　C
5．What’s the purpose of the passage
A．To discuss methods of learning English.
B．To introduce the funny or strange stories about using English.
C．To stress the importance of the English in the outside world.
D．To encourage the students to use English as much as possible.
答案　C
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
When learning English，almost every one of us meets some 1.misadventures(adventure) and some funny stories.They can remind us what we learn in class is 2.different(differ) from the English outside the classroom.Here are the experiences of some English learners.The first one is from Yancy,3.who finds the British don’t always play safe 4.with their food because someone said that her teacher Maggie had a frog in her throat.What surprising news! The next one comes from Sophie.Once Sophie went to buy some boots and 5. was told(tell) the boots were on the first floor but she didn’t find them “there”；instead they were on the ground floor.How 6.confusing(confuse)！Another English learner，Julien，was also 7.surprised(surprise) at his penfriend，who used a negative word about his nice grandfather.The last story is from a Chinese exchange student，Zheng Xu.He felt the British had 8.higher(high) standards than Chinese.He spent days 9.preparing(prepare) his English paper and was looking forward to getting a positive comment from his teacher,10.but only got “Not bad！”
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．People say that the British always play safe with what they eat.(P27 Yancy)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；that引导宾语从句；what引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：据说英国人对待吃的东西总是很谨慎。
2．He told us that Maggie couldn’t teach that day COZ she had a frog in her throat.(P27 Yancy)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；that引导宾语从句；she had a frog in her throat是原因状语从句；COZ相当于连词because；have a frog in one’s throat意为“(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难”。
汉语翻译：他告诉我们那天玛吉不能教课了，因为她喉咙里卡了一只青蛙。
3．At the information desk at the entrance，I asked a lady where the shoe section was.(P27 Sophie)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；where引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：在入口处的服务台，我问一位女士鞋区在哪里。
4．When I was looking for the exit，I saw that shoes were actually(actual) sold downstairs on the ground floor，not the first floor.(P27 Sophie)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；When引导时间状语从句。that引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：当我正在寻找出口的时候，我发现鞋实际上是在楼下的一楼出售，不是在二楼。
5．I’ve got an English penfriend，who I finally got to meet in London this summer.(P28 Julien)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；who引导非限制性定语从句。
汉语翻译：我有一个英国笔友，今年夏天我终于在伦敦见到了他。
6．I knew I had done a good job and was looking forward to getting(get) a positive comment.(P28 Zheng Xu)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；I had done a good job为省略了that的宾语从句；and连接并列的谓语。
汉语翻译：我知道我做得很好，期待着得到积极的评价。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
完全倒装
Here are some of our favourites，to remind us that some of the English we learn in the classroom is rather different from the English in the outside world！(P26)
这里有一些我们最喜欢的帖子，它们让我们意识到，有些在课堂上学到的英语和在课堂之外使用的英语真是太不一样了！
结构分析：此句为Here位于句首引起的倒装句；that引导宾语从句；we learn in the classroom是省略了引导词that或which的定语从句修饰先行词some of the English。
————————————————————————————————————————完全倒装的具体用法如下：
·out，in，into，down，up，away，here，now，then，there等表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。若主语是代词，则不用倒装。
·为了保持句子平衡或强调表语部分，可将作表语的形容词、分词短语等置于句首，构成完全倒装，即“形容词/分词＋be动词＋主语”结构。
·代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时，句子用完全倒装。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)以下是三条关于如何学好英语的建议。
Here are three suggestions on how to learn English well.
(2)我们期待的时刻终于到来了。
Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
(3)我的汽车前面站着一个穿靴子的女人。
In front of my car stands a woman who is wearing a pair of boots.
(4)(话题写作之人物描写)这就是我亲爱的父亲，他总是致力于他的工作，并为他人着想。
Such is my beloved father，who is always committed to his work and putting himself in others’ shoes.
not only置于句首引起的部分倒装句
Not only can you post specific questions，but you can also broaden your knowledge by reading posts from other English learners around the world.(P26)
你不但能发帖问具体的问题，而且你还能通过阅读世界上其他英语学习者的帖子来拓宽你的知识面。
结构分析：此句是由not only...but (also)．..连接的并列句。
———————————————————————————————————————— not only...but (also)...连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only所在的分句需使用部分倒装。
not only...but also...“不仅……，而且……”，其中but后的also可省略。
not only...but also...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近原则”。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)Not only the students but also the teacher was/is(be) against the plan.
(2)(读后续写之主旨升华)生活中不仅有阳光，也有艰辛。
Life is made up of not only sunshine but also hard times.
(3)通过这次活动，我们不仅玩得开心，还意识到了劳动的重要性。
①Through this activity，we not only had fun，but also we became aware of the significance of labor.
②Through this activity，not only did we have fun，but also we became aware of the significance of labor.
课文重点词块默写
1．期望做……expect to do
2．与……相当不同be rather different from
3．谨慎行事，避免冒险play safe
4．(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难have a frog in one’s throat
5．市中心的购物中心a downtown shopping centre
6．在咨询台at the information desk
7．在入口处at the entrance
8．寻找出口look for the exit
9．在一楼on the first/ground floor
10．决定做某事decide to do sth
11．一位英国笔友an English penfriend
12．贬义词a negative word
13．学生交换项目a student exchange programme
14．花费(一段时间)做某事spend...(in) doing sth
15．干得好do a good job
16．得到积极的评价get a positive comment
训练4　Developing ideas　[分值：50分]
Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(共15分)
(应用文写作——给外国友人的学中文的建议)
1．我很高兴得知你打算学习中文，我写信是想给你一些建议。(intend to do)
I’m happy to learn that you intend to learn Chinese，and I’m writing to offer you some advice.
2．我想提醒你选择一门听说课程。(remind sb to do)
I would like to remind you to choose a Listening and Speaking course.
3．以下就是你应选择听说课的原因。(here置于句首的倒装句)
Here are the reasons why you should choose the Listening and Speaking course.
4．口语课程不仅旨在帮助你获得大量词汇，而且还可以让你有机会说汉语。(not only置于句首的倒装句)
Not only does the Speaking course help you gain a large vocabulary，but it also offers you an opportunity to speak Chinese.
5．我相信你的中文会学得很好，期待你的好消息。(do a good job; look forward to)
I believe you will do a good job in your Chinese learning and look forward to your good news.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
I’m happy to learn that you intend to learn Chinese，and I’m writing to offer you some advice.First of all，I would like to remind you to choose a Listening and Speaking course.And here are the reasons why you should choose the Listening and Speaking course.As far as I am concerned，not only does the Speaking course help you gain a large vocabulary，but it also offers you an opportunity to speak Chinese.
In conclusion，I believe you will do a good job in your Chinese learning and look forward to your good news.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
For Chinese students nowadays，no matter what kinds of schools they’re going to，they have to face the problem of learning English.All examinations they want to pass require them to pass English.
Examinations for entering further education，studying abroad and even graduating from college require scores in English examinations.English has become the most popular course in tutorial classes(补习班) and even in the self-study classroom.
When nearly all students’ attention is focused on English，looking at the situation of our mother language，even Chinese linguists(语言学家) get confused about its use.Not only have many new words and phrases which are very popular on the Internet started to fill in every corner of the society，but common use of Chinese is full of mistakes and misunderstandings.
Under such an urgent(紧急的) situation for the Chinese language，it’s time for every Chinese person to start protecting our mother tongue.
Chinese has the most speakers of any world language and is also one of the oldest languages in history.Around the world，many countries have started learning Chinese so that Chinese has become one of the most important foreign languages in some countries.
Besides，there are about 500 Confucius institutions(孔子学院) around 162 countries and regions in the world that are teaching Chinese.The number of people learning Chinese is about 200 million outside China.
For those foreigners that are so crazy about the Chinese language，what kind of attitude should the Chinese have Honestly speaking，learning English itself shouldn’t be criticized，and we need to learn English to communicate with the world to show our culture and society.However，it doesn’t make any sense that the importance of Chinese is replaced by a foreign language in a native’s mind.It’s really time to protect our Chinese language! Are you ready
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界上许多国家的人开始学习汉语，但是随着网络等科技的发展和英语的普及，人们使用汉语时语病逐渐增多，这使汉语言学家感到焦虑。
1．Why do some Chinese linguists get confused about the use of Chinese
A．Because there are many words in Chinese.
B．Because great changes have taken place in Chinese.
C．Because they could not accept a wider vocabulary.
D．Because there are too many mistakes and misunderstandings.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中 “Not only have many new words...but common use of Chinese is full of mistakes and misunderstandings.”可知，现在人们在使用汉语时出现很多错误和误解，这使汉语言学家感到困惑。故选D项。
2．What’s the purpose of the author in describing the situation of English in China
A．To explain how popular English is.
B．To prove the importance of English.
C．To remind us to care about the situation of Chinese.
D．To encourage us to use Chinese rather than English.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“When nearly all students’ attention is focused on English，looking at the situation of our mother language”和第四段内容可知，作者主要强调保护汉语，提及国内英语学习情况就是为了提醒我们关注汉语的现状。故选C项。
3．What’s the reason for us to learn English according to the passage
A．To introduce our culture and society to the world.
B．To build more Confucius institutions abroad.
C．To study abroad to get further education.
D．To get a good job.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Honestly speaking...we need to learn English to communicate with the world to show our culture and society.”可知，作者认为我们应该学习英语，从而向世界介绍我们的文化和社会。故选A项。
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Language study is a problem of the world.
B．It’s time to protect Chinese language.
C．Chinese is becoming more important than English.
D．It’s unnecessary for Chinese people to learn English.
答案　B
解析　主旨大意题。通读文章可知，本文循序渐进地呼吁人们关注汉语，结合最后一段中“It’s really time to protect our Chinese language！”可知，本文主旨是呼吁保护汉语。故选B项。
B
(2024·陕西榆林高一期末)
You can study the English language for years and still not understand a native speaker of English when you meet one.Many language learners know that native speakers say a lot of things that you can’t find in any dictionary.Well，here’s a secret for you：A lot of British people can’t understand each other either!
Across the UK，a number of regions have different dialects—that is，they have their own unique vocabulary and grammatical phrases.There are many different accents in London，because it is not just where a person is born in the UK that decides their accent.Language and accents also vary across social class and level of education.Hence the recent rise of a new accent was coined at the end of the 20th century—“Multicultural London English”．
Other factors are also important in the invention of new accents and ways of speaking.These include the influence of people from different ethnic backgrounds and different age groups，too.
“Yoof culture” is an example.The word “yoof” is a slang spelling of “youth”．Young people are creating their own language，concepts and identity.By using words that their parents don’t understand，children can talk about things that their parents might not approve of.For example，instead of saying something like “That’s good！” or “I understand”，yoof will use a single adjective like “Safe！” or “Sorted！” Besides，yoof would use “kindathing，” or “sortathing” to replace “if you understand what I’m saying”．In this way，they are starting to find freedom，independence and self-expression.
As learners of English，we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker，but perhaps we should worry less about this.Research commissioned by the British Council shows that 94 percent of the English spoken in the world today is spoken among non-native speakers of the language.In fact，when we think about “international English”，there is no such thing as a native or non-native speaker.The UK no longer owns the English language.
5．What’s the function of paragraph 1
A．To share a story.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To make a comparison.
D．To show the author’s experience.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合第二段中“Across the UK，a number of regions have different dialects—that is，they have their own unique vocabulary and grammatical phrases.”可推断，第一段的作用是引入文章的话题。故选B项。
6．Which of the following statements about “Multicultural London English” is TRUE
A．It was invented by Londoners in the 1900s.
B．It’s now spoken by people around the world.
C．It’s a dialect specific to a particular social class.
D．It’s a modern accent that crosses educational divides.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Language and accents also vary across social class and level of education.Hence the recent rise of a new accent was coined at the end of the 20th century—‘Multicultural London English’．”可知，“多元文化的伦敦英语”是一种跨越教育鸿沟的现代口音。故选D项。
7．What does “Sorted！” mean in “yoof culture”？
A．I see. B．Watch out.
C．My pleasure. D．Hurry up.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“For example，instead of saying something like ‘That’s good！’ or ‘I understand’，yoof will use a single adjective like ‘Safe！’ or ‘Sorted！’”可知，“Sorted！”在yoof文化中是“我明白”的意思。故选A项。
8．What does the author want to tell us
A．Languages are always changing.
B．Learning English well is very easy.
C．Don’t worry if you can’t understand native speakers.
D．It is important to communicate with a native speaker.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As learners of English，we may wonder how well we can talk to a native speaker，but perhaps we should worry less about this.”可知，作者想告诉我们，如果你听不懂母语人士的话，不要担心。故选C项。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·浙江湖州高一期中)
One year ago，I paid no attention to English idioms，though my teacher told me about them again and again.But soon，the 1 of English idioms was shown in an amusing experience.
One day，I 2 to meet an Englishman on the road，and soon we began to talk.As I was talking about how I was studying English，the 3 seemed to be surprised.
Gently shaking his 4 ，and shrugging(耸)his shoulders，he said，“You don’t say！” I was 5 .I thought perhaps this was not a proper 6 .I had better change it.So I said to him，“Have you ever been to the Great Wall？” “Certainly，everyone back home will 7 me if I leave China without seeing it.It was amazing.” I continued，“The Great Wall is one of the 8 in the world.We are very proud of it.” But soon “You don’t say！” came to my ears again.I couldn’t 9 asking，“Why do you ask me not to talk about it？” “Well，I didn’t ask you to do so，” he answered， 10 surprised.I said，“Didn’t you say ‘You don’t say！’？” 11 this，the Englishman laughed to tears.He began to 12 ，“‘You don’t say！’ actually means ‘Really！’ It is a(n) 13 of surprise.Perhaps you don’t pay attention to English idioms.” Only then did I know I had made a 14 of myself.Since then I have been more 15 with idiomatic expressions.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者在一次与英国人的交流中，没有注意到习语的重要性，出了洋相。由此作者注意到学习英语的过程中，应该注重英语习语的表达。
1．A.effect B．importance
C．difference D．source
答案　B
解析　effect作用；importance重要性；difference区别；source来源。根据最后一段中的“Only then did I know I had made a of myself.Since then I have been more with idiomatic expressions.”可知，这次有趣的经历体现了英语习语的重要性。故选B。
2．A.seemed B．expected
C．wanted D．happened
答案　D
解析　seem似乎；expect期待；want想要；happen碰巧。根据后文“on the road”和“and soon we began to talk”可知，作者在路上碰巧遇到了一个英国人。故选D。
3．A.foreigner B．teacher
C．student D．partner
答案　A
解析　foreigner外国人；teacher教师；student学生；partner伙伴。根据前文“One day，I to meet an Englishman on the road”可知，作者是在与外国人交谈。故选A。
4．A.hand B．arm
C．head D．body
答案　C
解析　hand手；arm胳膊；head头；body身体。根据前文“shaking”和后文“shrugging(耸) his shoulders”可知，此处表示外国人摇了摇头，耸了耸肩。故选C。
5．A.worried B．uneasy
C．curious D．confused
答案　D
解析　worried担心的；uneasy不舒服的；curious好奇的；confused困惑的。根据后文“I thought perhaps this was not a proper .I had better change it.”可知，作者感到很困惑。故选D。
6．A.topic B．style
C．opinion D．image
答案　A
解析　topic话题；style风格；opinion观点；image图像。根据下文“I had better change it.So I said to him，‘Have you ever been to the Great Wall？’”可知，作者认为可能自己的话题不合适，决定换一个话题。故选A。
7．A.depend on B．run after
C．laugh at D．refer to
答案　C
解析　depend on依靠；run after追逐；laugh at嘲笑；refer to提及。根据后文“if I leave China without seeing it”可知，如果外国人来中国没去长城，回家后则会被每个人笑话。故选C。
8．A.facts B．wonders
C．destinations D．scenes
答案　B
解析　fact事实；wonder奇迹；destination目的地；scene场景。根据常识可知，长城是世界七大奇迹之一。故选B。
9．A.believe B．hope
C．doubt D．help
答案　D
解析　believe相信；hope希望；doubt怀疑；help帮助。根据上下文可知，作者对于外国友人一直说“You don’t say！”感到很困惑，故不禁问他为什么不让自己说。can’t help doing sth禁不住做某事。故选D。
10．A.greatly B．equally
C．hardly D．nearly
答案　A
解析　greatly非常；equally同样地；hardly几乎不；nearly将近。根据前文“Why do you ask me not to talk about it？”和“Well，I didn’t ask you to do so...”可知，作者问外国人为什么不让自己谈论这个话题，外国人应该是非常惊讶地回答他没有不让作者谈论这个话题。故选A。
11．A.Finding B．Feeling
C．Hearing D．Noticing
答案　C
解析　find找到；feel感觉；hear听到；notice注意到。根据上下文可知，作者和英国人在交谈，所以此处指英国人听了作者的话，笑哭了。故选C。
12．A.request B．explain
C．complain D．determine
答案　B
解析　request要求；explain解释；complain抱怨；determine决定。根据后文“‘You don’t say！’ actually means ‘Really！’ It is a(n) of surprise.”可知，英国人在给作者解释理由。故选B。
13．A.example B．expression
C．factor D．description
答案　B
解析　example例子；expression表达；factor因素；description描述。根据前文“‘You don’t say！’ actually means ‘Really！’”可知，这是对惊讶的一种表达。故选B。
14．A.sense B．sign
C．mess D．fool
答案　D
解析　sense感觉；sign标记；mess脏，乱；fool傻瓜。根据前文的叙述可知，作者不知道英语习语的真正含义，出了洋相。make a fool of oneself出丑，出洋相。故选D。
15．A.satisfied B．anxious
C．careful D．limited
答案　C
解析　satisfied感到满意的；anxious焦急的；careful小心的；limited有限的。根据前文“Only then did I know I had made a of myself.”可知，出了洋相后，作者对英语习语更加小心谨慎了。故选C。Section Ⅶ　Writing
本单元的写作任务是写一篇故事类短文，体裁为记叙文。有时是根据所提供的一幅或几幅图的信息写短文，有时是根据所提供的文字信息写短文。
1．篇章结构
(1)开头——简要交代故事的背景、时间、地点、人物等。
(2)主题——误解产生的细节、原因、方式等。
(3)结尾——故事的结果，即误解消除、总结或评论。
2．注意事项
(1)写作内容要简明扼要，脉络清晰。在确定文章框架后，要突出重点，详略得当。语言准确生动，有可读性。
(2)文章主要用一般过去时和一般现在时；第一人称和第三人称使用得当。
(3)用恰当的过渡词把句子连接成文，使文章衔接自然、行文流畅。
1．开头部分
It happened...事情发生在……
I still remember when...我仍然记得……
It is really an unforgettable day...那真是难忘的一天……
2．主体部分
I was really surprised when...当……时，我真的太吃惊了。
I wasn’t sure whether...我不确定是否……
To my astonishment...让我吃惊的是……
As a matter of fact...事实上……
3．结尾部分
In conclusion...总之……
It turns out that...结果证明……
假设你是新华中学的学生李华，美国交换生Jack正在中国学汉语。他觉得自己的汉语学得很不错了，但在理解中国小吃的名称方面仍有困难。前几天你带他去吃“老婆饼”和“叫花鸡”，他觉得很奇怪，吃后却觉得很好吃。请用一则周记记叙这件事。
注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：小吃snack；老婆饼wifecake；叫花鸡Jiaohua(Beggar’s) Chicken
第一步　审题谋篇
审题
1．确定文体：记叙文。
2．主体时态：一般过去时和一般现在时。
3．主体人称：第一人称和第三人称。
谋篇
本文可分为三部分：
第一部分：对人物的简介；
第二部分：对事件的详细叙述；
第三部分：事件的简单后续。
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇
1．交换生exchange student
2．做某事有困难have trouble/difficulty/problems(in) doing sth
3．对……感到困惑be confused about
4．根据……be based on...
5．不仅……而且……not only...but also...
6．反映中国人民的智慧reflect the wisdom of Chinese people
7．意识到，察觉到be aware of
8．渴望尝试be eager to have a try
连词成句
1．杰克是一名来自美国的交换生，他汉语说得很流利。
Jack is an American exchange student and he can speak Chinese very fluently.
2．他非常喜欢中国小吃，但对它们的名字感到非常困惑。
He likes Chinese snacks very much but is very confused about the names of them.
3．我给他买了一些老婆饼和一只叫花鸡，但他难以理解它们的名字。
I bought him some wifecakes and a Beggar’s Chicken but he had trouble understanding their names.
4．我告诉他，有些中国小吃的名字是根据它们的起源命名的。
I told him some of the names of Chinese snacks are based on their origins.
5．有些是根据其成分命名的。
Some are based on their ingredients.
6．这些中国小吃的名字表明了这些食物的历史。
These names of Chinese snacks show the history of these foods.
7．这些名字也反映了中国人的智慧。
These names also reflect the wisdom of Chinese people.
8．听到我的话后，杰克知道了这些名字的含义，并渴望试一试。
Hearing what I said，Jack was aware of the meanings of these names and was eager to have a try.
第三步　句式升级
1．用定语从句改写句1。
Jack is an American exchange student，who can speak Chinese very fluently.
2．用either...or...连接句4和句5。
I told him some of the names of Chinese snacks are either based on their origins or based on their ingredients.
3．用not only...but also...连接句6和句7。
These names of Chinese snacks not only show the history of these foods but also reflect the wisdom of Chinese people.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。
参考范文
Jack is an American exchange student who can speak Chinese very fluently.He likes Chinese snacks very much but is very confused about the names of them.
One day，I bought him some wifecakes and a Beggar’s Chicken but he had trouble (in) understanding their names.I told him some of the names of Chinese snacks are either based on their origins or based on their ingredients.These names of Chinese snacks not only show the history of these foods but also reflect the wisdom of Chinese people.
Hearing what I said，Jack was aware of the meanings of these names and was eager to have a try.

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