资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1．wrap v．包，裹
2．sheet n．(冰或水等的)一大片
3．frost n．霜
4．dynasty n．朝代
5．region n．地区，区域
6．therefore adv.因此，由此
7．steep adj.陡的，陡峭的
8．soil n．土壤
9．shallow adj.浅的
10．crop n．庄稼，作物
11．material n．材料
12．priority n．优先处理的事，当务之急
13．barrier n．障碍，壁垒
14．structure n．结构，构造，组织
15．living adj.活的，活着的
16．grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的
17．valley n．谷，山谷
18．narrow adj.狭窄的，不宽的
19．platform n．高台，平台
20．waterfall n．瀑布
21．channel n．海峡
22．tunnel n．隧道
23．desert n．沙漠，荒漠
24．climate n．气候
25．inside adv.在(建筑物、房间)内
26．sunflower n．向日葵
27．expert adj.内行的，专家的
28．branch n．树枝
29．rent v．租用，租借
30．rooftop n．屋顶
31．flavour n．味，味道
32．system n．系统
33．green fingers高超的种植技能
34．be home to是……的所在地
35．from the bottom to the very top从底层到顶层
36．go to the trouble to do不辞辛劳去做
37．wash away冲走
38．pass down传承，流传；使世代相传
39．lead to导致
40．be at one with与……一致；与……同在
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．completion n．完成，结束→complete v．完成 adj.完整的；完全的→completely adv.完全
2．prevent v．阻挡，防止→prevention n．防止；预防→preventive adj.预防性的
3．harmony n．融洽相处，和谐→harmonious adj.和谐的
4．design v．设计→designer n．设计者
5．harm v．伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的
6．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的
7．replace v．以……替换，更换→replacement n．代替
8．consumer n．消费者→consume vt.吃；喝；饮；消耗→consumption n．消费；消耗
9．beauty n．美，美丽→beautify vt.使美化→beautiful adj.美丽的
10．thunder v．打雷→thunderous adj.雷鸣般的；怒气冲冲的
11．sail v．(乘船)航行→sailing n．航行→sailor n．水手
12．publish v．出版；公布→publisher n．出版商，发行人→publication n．出版物
13．limited adj.有限的→limit n．限度；限制 vt.限制；限定→limitless adj.无限的；无尽的→limitation n．控制；局限
14．benefit n．好处，益处→beneficial adj.有益的
15．pleasant adj.令人愉快的→please v．使高兴→pleasure n．高兴→pleased adj.高兴的
16．energy n．力量，活力→energetic adj.精力充沛的→energetically adv.积极地；精力充沛地
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．In some mountainous regions，terraces are constructed to reduce water erosion.n.梯田
2．Water can change from liquid state into ice or vapour.n.蒸气
3．Our country is rich in mineral resources. n．矿物，矿产
4．A coral reef is built by the accretion(堆积) of tiny，identical organisms.n.礁
n．生物，有机体
5．A new observatory was founded to observe the stars.n.天文台，观象台
6．The Turpan Basin is known for its extreme climate and ancient ruins.n.盆地，低洼地
7．The Grand Canyon never fails to impress the visitors. n．峡谷
8．Camels are the main means of transport in the desert.n.骆驼
9．That thistle is a wild plant which has leaves with sharp points and purple flowers. n．蓟
10．Herbs have been used for centuries to make refreshing drinks.n.(用于调味)香草
prevent v．阻挡，防止(prevention n．防止；预防)
阻止某人/某物做某事
注意：在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略；在被动语态中，from均不可省略。
(1)As far as health is concerned，it is often said that prevention(prevent) is better than cure.
(2)Further measures should be taken to prevent the virus from spreading(spread)．
[写作佳句]
(3)在发展工农业的同时，我们必须防止环境受到污染。
We must prevent/stop/keep the environment from being polluted while developing industry and agriculture.
harmony n．融洽相处，和谐(harmonious adj.和谐的)
in harmony和睦地，和谐地
in harmony with与……协调一致；与……和谐相处
out of harmony with与……不和谐；与……不协调一致
(1)Harmonious(harmony) relationships are what many companies aim to develop.
(2)As we all know，the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
[写作佳句]
(3)只有人们和谐相处，我们才能建立一个幸福和谐的社会。
Only if people live in harmony can we build a happy and harmonious society.
design vt.设计；打算；意欲，意图 n．设计；图案(designer n．设计者)
be designed for为……设计
be designed to do...旨在做……；目的是做……
by design＝on purpose有意地，故意地
(1)This entrance has been specially designed for people in wheelchairs.
(2)We don’t know whether he pressed the wrong button by design.
(3)The school programme “Talk and Talk” is designed to broaden(broaden) our horizons.
[写作佳句]
(4)这本为英语初学者设计的参考书正适合你。
The reference book (which is) designed for English beginners is just suitable for you.
harm v．& n．损害，伤害；危害(harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.无害的)
do sb/sth harm＝do harm to sb/sth对某人/某物有害
There is no harm in doing sth＝It does no harm to do sth.做某事并无害处。
be harmful to...对……有害
(1)Farmers should be prevented from using poisonous chemicals that are harmful(harm) to the environment.
(2)There is no doubt that watching TV too much does harm to teenagers’ eyesight.
＝There is no doubt that watching TV too much is harmful to teenagers’ eyesight.
[写作佳句]
(3)(话题写作之礼仪文化)与朋友吃饭时注意餐桌礼仪没有坏处。
There is no harm in paying attention to/It does no harm to pay attention to table manners while eating with friends.
replace v．以……替换，更换(replacement n．代替)
replace...with/by...用……替换……
in place of代替
take one’s place＝take the place of代替
take place发生
(1)Years passing，the old theater has been replaced with/by a supermarket.
(2)After the accident took(take) place，he was appointed as the new chairman，taking the place of the previous one.
[写作佳句]
(3)毫无疑问，没有什么能取代母亲的爱和关怀。
There is no doubt that nothing can replace/take the place of mother’s love and care.
priority n．优先处理的事，当务之急(prior adj.在前的；优先的；较重要的)
give priority to优先考虑；给……以优先权
take/have priority over优先于，比……重要
prior to在……前
(1)My top priority(prior) is to find somewhere to live and then find a job to pay the rent.
(2)As students，working hard takes priority over everything else.
(3)It is important to enrich the soil prior to planting.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之人物介绍)她是一个非常体贴的人，总是优先考虑别人而不是自己。
She is a very considerate person who always gives priority to others rather than herself.
limited adj.有限的(limit n．& v．限制；限定 limitless adj.无限的limitation n．控制；局限)
limit...to...把……限制在……内
be limited to sth受限于……
set a limit to/on限制……
beyond the limit超过限度
within the limits of限定在……范围内
there is a/no limit to (doing)...(做)……是有限的/无限的
(1)Life is limited(limit)，but there is no limit to serving(serve) the people.
(2)I’ve limited myself to 1,000 calories a day to have a slim figure.
(3)Despite his physical limitations(limit)，he holds a positive attitude to life.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之征文通知)要求你的文章限制在800词以内。你的文章如果超过限度，将不被录用。
You are required to limit your essay to 800 words.If your essay is beyond the limit，it won’t be accepted.
benefit n．好处，益处 vt.使受益 vi.得益于(beneficial adj.有益的)
benefit sb/sth使某人或某物受益
benefit from/by...从……中受益/获益
for the benefit of sb＝for one’s benefit为了某人的利益
be beneficial to...＝be of benefit to...对……有益；对……有利
(1)All the money is raised for the benefit of the disabled children.
(2)It is hoped that the completion of the tunnel will be beneficial(benefit) to us all.
[写作佳句]
(3)参加这个活动的学生们都受益颇多。
①The students who took part in the activity benefited a lot from it.
②The activity benefited the students who took part in it a lot.
③The activity was of much benefit/much beneficial to the students who took part in it.
高考热点微练
Ⅰ.一词多义
A．n.频道　B．n.海峡，水渠，航道　C．n.途径，渠道
D．v.引导，贯注
1．Complaints must be made through the proper channels. C
2．He channeled most of his energy into his career，ignoring his family members. D
3．The English Channel is famous all over the world and most people have heard of it. B
4．Every time he gets home，he will change channels to watch his own favourite programme. A
A．adj.狭窄的　B．adj.勉强的　C．v.使……变窄，缩小
5．It was a narrow victory，by only five votes. B
6．Setting off early，we went along a narrow path. A
7．They planned to narrow the gap between imports and exports. C
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．Branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below. n．支流
2．An express train thundered through the station.v.轰隆隆地快速移动
3．Farmers are deserting their fields and coming to big cities to look for jobs.vt.遗弃；抛弃
4．His mother walked into his bedroom and changed a new sheet for him.n.被单；床单
5．Always keep in mind that you must replace the magazines after reading.vt.把……放回原处
训练1　Vocabulary　[分值：72.5分]
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10小题；每小题1分，共10分)
1．The survivors built a simple shelter using bricks and branches(树枝)．
2．A harmonious family is of benefit to a child’s personal development.
3．Machines can’t replace(取代) people in many fields where creativity is needed.
4．With all the efforts，they eventually prevented the situation from becoming worse.
5．As a beginner，he could only swim in the shallow(浅的) end of the swimming pool.
6．It is required to set a limit to the amount of chemical fertilizers(肥料) used in the soil.
7．The mother wrapped the present with pink paper and had it delivered to her son far away.
8．Last weekend，he won a narrow victory in the table tennis competition held by our school.
9．It rained cats and dogs yesterday.Therefore，the football match was postponed to next week.
10．While we encountered varieties of barriers(障碍)，we eventually broke them down and found solutions.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．I worked hard in an attempt to finish the task in the limited(limit) time.
2．The suggestions that the professor offered us are beneficial(benefit) to us.
3．Shandong Province is famous for its rich agricultural(agriculture) resources.
4．Generally，gas and oil consumption(consume) always increases in cold weather.
5．In a word，we must take some measures to prevent rare trees from being destroyed(destroy)．
6．We suggest replacing the present chairman with a younger，more energetic(energy) person.
7.Eventually，air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful(harm) to people and animals.
8．Unexpectedly，it rained cats and dogs，which completely ruined our pleasant(please) journey.
9．The government has given top priority(prior) to rebuilding these houses destroyed in the flood.
10．The amazing project，designed(design) to help the locals in need，didn’t work out as planned.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Sometimes the simple act of being outside every day can be good for you.We often forget about what nature has to offer by staying inside too much.Going outside，you’ll probably be exposed to numerous sensations(感觉)．You might hear the crunch of leaves under your feet，concentrate on how the breeze cools your skin，and feel the sun offering its natural warmth.
Time outside also reminds you how you share your time on Earth with countless creatures and that you must live in harmony with them.The more often you encounter animals in their natural habitats，the easier it will be to recall why it’s so important to treat the outdoors with respect.After coming in contact with a squirrel，for example，you may be especially careful to throw your trash away in the nearest garbage can in case of some harmful leftover food.That’s because you’ve just been reminded that you’re not the only living thing to come in contact with what’s now rubbish.
Spending too much time indoors may cause us to become too isolated from others，especially if we use much time in front of computer screens.It seems that a computer connected to the Internet allows you to share parts of your world with other people，but actually it can also make us feel more disconnected from others for lack of face to face communication.The time outside with a loved one allows you to take part in a shared experience.For instance，you can call attention to a type of flower that’s just started blooming and allow your companions to marvel(赞叹) at its beauty.That’s a similar shared experience.
Anyhow，it is not as hard as you might imagine.You may just decide to start an outdoor practice that takes you outside for a certain amount of time，preferably every day.The last 15 minutes of your lunch break strolling outside with a friend and some after dinner family time discussing your days can be good options.Get off the computer and head outside! You’ll feel how your choice pays off.
1．According to paragraph 1，what kind of opportunity does going outside offer people
A．To enjoy sensory experiences.
B．To achieve better concentration.
C．To bring back distant memories.
D．To participate in simple activities.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，外出为人们提供了享受感官体验的机会。故选A项。
2．What does the underlined word “encounter” in the second paragraph mean
A．Experience. B．Discover.
C．Meet. D．Hunt.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The more often you encounter animals in their natural habitats，the easier it will be to recall why it’s so important to treat the outdoors with respect.”以及下文的举例可知，在动物的栖息地，人们会经常见到各种动物，故推测encounter意为“遇见”。故选C项。
3．What may those spending most time indoors suffer from
A．Attention disorder.
B．Loneliness attack.
C．Internet addiction.
D．Communication barrier.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，那些花大部分时间在室内的人因为缺少与人面对面的交流可能会感到孤独。故选B项。
4．Which of the following is the best title
A．Too Much Time Indoors Does Great Harm
B．Time Outside Involves a Shared Experience
C．Staying Inside Gives a Different Perspective
D．A Daily Exposure to Nature Makes a Difference
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段以及最后一段可知，本文主要说明在户外用心感受自然，亲近自然，就会发现大自然带给我们的积极影响。故选D项。
B
The Republic of Vanuatu is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean.It was one of the poorest nations in the region.Within the last five years，however，it has become a hot spot for adventure travelers.In 2006 it was voted one of the happiest places on Earth.The reason is not that Vanuatu is the richest but that Vanuatu has white sand islands，clear waters，the world’s most accessible(可接近的) live volcano，great diving and food that grows faster than it can be picked.
With a population of about 326,800，Vanuatu has 113 languages，which is a result of 3,000 years of immigration from many Pacific countries.There are three official languages: English，French，and Bislama.Bislama developed from South Pacific English，a simplified language that traders and other foreigners used to communicate with speakers of the many local languages.
Most of the islands are mountainous and of volcanic origin.There are several active volcanoes in Vanuatu，including Yasur on the island of Tanna，one of the world’s most accessible volcanoes.If you are interested in getting close to a volcano，here’s your chance.
Vanuatu Post’s Underwater Post Office has quickly become one of the busiest post offices for postcards in the world! Visitors from around the world want to experience the world’s first under water post office.The Post Office is only 50 meters offshore and at just three meters below the surface，very appealing to the young and young at heart.Since opening in 2003，the Underwater Post Office has received about 100,000 visitors.They have posted one of the waterproof(防水的) postcards available in Vanuatu，these cards are collected regularly by one of Vanuatu Post’s four trained divers.The underwater branch is open daily for usually about an hour，longer with demand.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了热门旅游胜地瓦努阿图的自然景观、旅游特色、语言及风土人情等。
5．Why was Vanuatu voted one of the happiest places on Earth
A．Because it’s the poorest nation in the region.
B．Because it’s the richest.
C．Because it’s a favorite place for adventurers.
D．Because it’s blessed with plentiful natural resources.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，瓦努阿图被评为世界上最幸福的地方之一，是因为它拥有丰富的自然资源。故选D项。
6．Which of the following is true about Vanuatu
A．Bislama developed from local Pacific French.
B．Yasur is one of the live volcanoes in Vanuatu.
C．Vanuatu has more than 113 official languages.
D．Underwater Post Office has opened for 2 years.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“There are several active volcanoes in Vanuatu，including Yasur on the island of Tanna，one of the world’s most accessible volcanoes.”可知，亚苏尔火山是瓦努阿图的活火山之一。故选B项。
7．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Working at the underwater branch.
B．Great diving in amazing Vanuatu.
C．A hot spot for adventure travelers.
D．The busiest post office on Earth.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了热门旅游胜地瓦努阿图的自然景观、旅游特色、语言及风土人情等。再根据文章第一段中的“Within the last five years，however，it has become a hot spot for adventure travelers.”可知，文章主要讲了一个探险旅行者的热点地区。故选C项。
8．What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows
A．Various languages.
B．Underwater diving.
C．Food in Vanuatu.
D．History of Vanuatu.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及全文内容，并对比选项可知，瓦努阿图的特色是其自然景观、潜水活动和食物，A、B项已在文中阐述，D项未在文中提及，故可推测，下一段最有可能会介绍瓦努阿图的食物。故选C项。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
What’s a bottle garden A bottle garden is exactly what it sounds like：a tiny garden planted in an object like a bottle. 1 According to professionals，the oldest bottle garden in the world was first created in 1960.
2 There are several characteristics that make a bottle garden fun to own and great to create.Whether you’re short of outdoor gardening space or just want an eye catching indoor garden，bottle gardens are a great way to grow many of your favorite plants.Moreover，they help recycle(回收利用) bottles and are easy to create.
By following some tips，you’ll have your bottle garden planted and thriving(茁壮成长) in no time.The first step in creating a bottle garden is selecting(挑选) the bottle.Clear bottles can allow the most sunlight to enter. 3
Then you should keep in mind that bottles with openings big enough to fit your hand through can make planting easier. 4 Likewise，you could choose a bottle and simply cut an opening for your plants to fit in.If you choose to reuse a bottle，wash it completely before adding plants.
When the bottle is ready，put inside some rich soil and plants suitable for a bottle garden.Once you grow the plants in the way you like，remember to place your bottle in a bright space which won’t have direct sunlight.East facing windows often work well for this purpose. 5 Then you’ll just need to water them and watch out for signs of disease or crowding inside the bottle.
A．How do the bottle gardens work
B．Such gardens don’t have a very long history.
C．They make thoughtful and eco friendly gifts.
D．Why would anyone want to grow a garden in a bottle
E．If you choose a colored bottle，select plants that prefer low levels of light.
F．If not，you’ll have to use tools to work the soil and plants inside the bottle.
G．You can also use a grow light if your home doesn’t have any suitable windows.
1．答案　B
解析　下文“According to professionals，the oldest bottle garden in the world was first created in 1960.”介绍了瓶中花园的起源时间，选项B“这样的花园没有很长的历史”符合语境，能够引起下文。故选B项。
2．答案　D
解析　下文“There are several characteristics...Moreover，they help recycle(回收利用) bottles and are easy to create.”介绍了人们为什么喜欢种植瓶中花园，选项D“为什么有人想在瓶子里种花园？”用设问的方式引出本段主题。故选D项。
3．答案　E
解析　上文“Clear bottles can allow the most sunlight to enter.”说明阳光可以进入透明的瓶子，这样，植物就能接受充足的阳光，选项E“如果你选择一个彩色的瓶子，选择那些喜欢弱光的植物”说明如果选择不透明的瓶子，该如何选择植物。故选E项。
4．答案　F
解析　上文“Then you should keep in mind that bottles with openings big enough to fit your hand through can make planting easier.”说明瓶口最好大到可以让手进去，选项F“如果没有，你就必须用工具来处理瓶子里的土壤和植物”承接上文，说明如果瓶口小，进不去手，就只好用工具。故选F项。
5．答案　G
解析　上文“Once you grow the plants in the way you like，remember to place your bottle in a bright space which won’t have direct sunlight.East facing windows often work well for this purpose.”说明瓶中的植物需要合适的光线，朝东的窗户最好，选项G“如果你家没有合适的窗户，你也可以使用生长灯”承接上文，说明没有合适的自然光线，也可以使用灯光。故选G项。
Ⅴ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
World Tourism Day 1. (celebrate) every year on September 27th.It’s a day that reminds us of the 2. (important) of tourism and how it can bring people from different parts of the world together.
When we travel，we can see different sights and experience different cultures.We can learn about new foods，languages and customs.We can also see 3. (amaze) landmarks(地标) and natural wonders，such as mountains，oceans and forests.Some people like to travel to big cities,4. others prefer to visit small towns or countryside areas.Tourism is not only about having fun，but it can also benefit the people and the environment of the places we visit.When people are on a visit somewhere，they spend money 5. food，hotels，and gifts，which can help create 6. (job) and support local business.Tourism can also be helpful in taking care of the environment and wildlife by 7. (support) conservation(保护) efforts.However，we must remind 8. (we) that tourism can influence the environment and local cultures.We need to be respectful of the places we visit.
Anyway，World Tourism Day is a day when we celebrate the benefits of tourism and learn how 9. (make) sure that tourism doesn’t harm the environment or the people 10._____________ live in the places we visit.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是9月27日的世界旅游日，这一天提醒人们旅游业的重要性以及它是如何把来自世界不同地区的人们聚在一起的。
1．答案　is celebrated
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语every year on September 27th可知，此处应使用一般现在时，celebrate与句子主语World Tourism Day之间为被动关系，且句子主语为第三人称单数。故填is celebrated。
2．答案　importance
解析　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作介词of的宾语，important的名词形式为importance，且为不可数名词。故填importance。
3．答案　amazing
解析　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词landmarks，此处修饰的是物，所以使用amaze的形容词形式amazing，意为“令人惊叹的”。故填amazing。
4．答案　while/but
解析　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，两个句子之间存在转折或者是对比关系，所以使用连词but或者是while。故填while/but。
5．答案　on
解析　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语spend time/money on sth意为“在……上花时间(或金钱)”。故填on。
6．答案　jobs
解析　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，job为可数名词单数，空前无限定词时使用名词复数形式，表示泛指意义。故填jobs。
7．答案　supporting
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，介词by后应使用动名词形式作宾语，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故填supporting。
8．答案　ourselves
解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为代词作宾语，结合句意，句子主语和宾语一致，应使用反身代词，we的反身代词为ourselves。故填ourselves。
9．答案　to make
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“疑问词＋to do”结构作learn的宾语，所以此处应使用不定式形式，结合句意，此处表示主动意义。故填to make。
10．答案　who/that
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，使用关系代词，先行词people指人，所以此处使用who或者that。故填who/that。Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the passage
A．Longji Rice Terraces’ bright future.
B．The functions of Longji Rice Terraces.
C．The introduction to Longji Rice Terraces.
D．The reasons for building Longji Rice Terraces.
答案　C
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．How does the author develop paragraph 1
A．By listing the facts.
B．By comparing the facts.
C．By vividly describing the scenes.
D．By painting the beautiful colours.
答案　C
2．Why does the writer mention modern technology
A．To show the terraces are out of date.
B．To show the terraces are still valuable.
C．To show the terraces are kept better.
D．To show why the terraces are abandoned.
答案　B
3．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To show how to grow rice.
B．To encourage people to make terraces.
C．To introduce Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups in Guangxi.
D．To show people can work in harmony with nature.
答案　D
4．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．Modern technology helps people there produce more rice.
B．People there still value the ancient growing methods.
C．Many visitors go there to learn how to grow rice.
D．The young people there like to create great wonders.
答案　B
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
Imagine the colours of mountains vary depending on different 1.seasons(season)，which is due to the linked-together rice terraces on the mountains.2.Located(locate) in Guangxi，the Longji Rice Terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people.The construction of the terraces began in the Yuan Dynasty,3.and continued until the early Qing Dynasty when the work 4.was completed(complete)．For lack of flat areas of land in the region，they turned mountains into terraces to plant rice，which can prevent the soil on the mountains from 5.being washed(wash) away.
The design of the terraces is 6.so clever that there are hundreds of waterways connected together，making rainwater move down the mountains and into the terraces.The rainwater is turned into vapour by the sun and then into clouds,7.which，in turn，become rain to irrigate terraces.These terraces are home to birds and fish，some of which can get rid of 8.harmful(harm) insects to crops.
Besides its amazing scenery，Longji is also the area to experience China’s traditional culture.The people there attached 9.significance(significant) to traditions.Although modern technology develops 10.rapidly(rapid)，they continue to pass ancient methods of agriculture from generation to generation.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water，shining(shine) in the spring sun.(P82 Para.1)
结构分析：本句是祈使句，wrapped in silver water是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰mountains。
汉语翻译：想象一下：春日，群山被银白色的水田包裹，在阳光下闪闪发光。
2．These terraces were built(build) by the local Zhuang and Yao people，to whom Guangxi is home.(P82 Para.2)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，to whom Guangxi is home是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the local Zhuang and Yao people。
汉语翻译：龙脊梯田的建造者是广西当地的壮族和瑶族居民。
3．Starting in the Yuan Dynasty，work on the terraces took hundreds of years，until its completion(complete) in the early Qing Dynasty.(P82 Para.2)
结构分析：本句是简单句，主语是work on the terraces；Starting in the Yuan Dynasty是现在分词短语在句中作状语。
汉语翻译：梯田从元朝开始修建，历经数百年，至清朝初期完工。
4．Building the terraces therefore meant(mean) that they could increase the areas in which they could grow rice.(P83 Para.3)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，Building the terraces是动名词短语作主语；that引导宾语从句；in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the areas。
汉语翻译：建造梯田意味着他们能够扩大水稻的种植面积。
5．Secondly，although the region has plenty of rain，the mountains are steep(陡峭的) and the soil is shallow(浅的)．(P83 Para.3)
结构分析：本句是并列复合句，although引导让步状语从句，and连接两个并列的主句。
汉语翻译：其次，尽管该地区多雨，但山地坡度大、土层浅薄。
6．But perhaps what is most significant(significance) is the way in which people have worked in harmony with nature to make these terraces and grow rice.(P84 Para.4)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语；in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
汉语翻译：但也许最令人惊叹的还是人与自然和谐相处建造梯田并种植水稻的方式。
7．During the rainy(rain) season，it is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.(P84 Para.4)
结构分析：本句为强调句，其构成是It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他；本句中强调了along these waterways。
汉语翻译：在雨季，雨水会沿着这些水渠从山上流下进入梯田。
8．These terraces also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish，some of which feed on insects that can harm the rice crops.(P84 Para.4)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，some of which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为birds and fish；that引导限制性定语从句，先行词为insects，that在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：这些梯田也为鸟类和鱼类提供了绝佳的栖息地，而一部分鸟和鱼又以危害水稻的昆虫为食。
9．Although modern technology could help produce more crops，these terraces still mean a lot to the local people for whom traditions hold much value.(P84 Para.5)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，Although引导让步状语从句；for whom引导定语从句，修饰先行词the local people。
汉语翻译：尽管现代科技有助于提高农作物的产量，但对珍视传统的当地人来说，这些梯田依然具有重要的意义。
10．This knowledge is passed down(世代相传) through families，which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain(maintain) the terraces.(P84 Para.5)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句内容；that引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：这种认识通过家族代代相传，后代子孙一直沿用古老的农耕方式维持着梯田的运作。
11．Today，the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together.(P84 Para.5)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，who引导定语从句，修饰先行词visitors；created by people and nature working together是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰this great wonder。
汉语翻译：今天，成千上万的游客慕名而来，欣赏这由人与自然共同创造的壮丽奇观。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
无生命名词作主语
Summer sees the mountains turn bright green with growing rice.(P82 Para.1)
盛夏，佳禾吐绿，将群山染成一片青翠。
结构分析：本句是简单句，主语是无生命名词Summer；谓语动词是see，意为“见证；看到”。
————————————————————————————————————————
无生命名词作主语，常用于以下两种情况：
表示时间或者地点的名词作主语，常用“see，find，witness(见证)”等作谓语动词，意为“在某时间/某地点发生了什么事”。
表示心理、生理或遭遇的单词，如“anger，word，idea，courage，faith”等作主语，常用fail，desert，escape，strike作谓语动词。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)上周末举办了一个名为“认识我们身边的植物”的活动。
Last weekend witnessed an activity called “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us”．
(2)在过去的两百年里，这座古老的建筑见证了村庄的巨大变化。
The old building has seen great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
(3)非常感谢你的慷慨帮助，我无法用语言表达。
I am so grateful to your generous help and words just fail me.
(4)前几天我遇到了我以前的一个同学，我忘了他的名字了。
I encountered one of my former classmates the other day，whose name just escaped me.
as...as... 像……一样……
Reaching as far as the eye can see，these terraces cover tall mountains，often from the bottom to the very top.(P82－83 Para.2)
目之所及，梯田包裹着巍峨的高山，往往从山脚一直盘绕到山顶。
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，Reaching as far as the eye can see为现在分词短语作状语；其中as...as...引导比较状语从句。
————————————————————————————————————————
as...as...结构中的第一个as为副词，修饰形容词或副词原级。第二个as可以是连词，引导比较状语从句；也可以是介词，后加名词或代词。当as...as中间有名词时，应采用以下形式：
①as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数可数名词)＋as
②as＋many＋n.(可数名词复数)＋as
③as＋much＋n.(不可数名词)＋as
否定句式：not as/so...as...意为“不如……”。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)他的英语口语不如他弟弟的流畅。
His spoken English is not as fluent as his younger brother’s.
(2)相信我：事情并没有你想的那么糟糕。
Trust me：things are not as/so bad as you think.
(3)我希望你会和我一样过上丰富多彩的学校生活。
I hope you will live as colourful a school life as I do.
课文重点词块默写
1．被包裹着be wrapped in
2．在春天的阳光下闪闪发光shine in the spring sun
3．被覆盖在……中be covered in
4．是……的家园be home to
5．目之所及as far as the eye can see
6．从底部到顶部from the bottom to the very top
7．费尽周折做某事go to the trouble to do sth
8．大量plenty of
9．阻止某人/某物做某事prevent sb/sth from doing sth
10．冲走wash away
11．与……和谐相处，与……协调一致in harmony with
12．把……变成…… turn...into...
13．再一次once again
14．为某人提供某物provide sth for sb
15．以……为食feed on
16．对……意义重大mean a lot to...
17．十分重要，有价值hold much value
18．传承，使世代相传pass down
19．吸引成千上万的游客attract thousands of visitors
20．壮丽奇观the great wonder
训练2　Understanding ideas　[分值：50分]
Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(共15分)
(过度包装——保护环境)
1．在过去的几年里，我们的生活环境受到了严重污染。(无生命名词作主语)
The past few years has seen our living environment being severely polluted.
2．过度使用包装材料不仅浪费金钱，还污染环境。(not only...but also...)
The overuse of wrapping is not only a waste of money but also pollutes our environment.
3．大量废弃物未经处理就被扔掉了，这可能对我们的环境产生有害的影响。(plenty of；harmful)
Plenty of waste is thrown away without being dealt with，which may have a harmful effect on our environment.
4．因此，现在是我们采取措施防止此类活动继续发生的时候了。(prevent)
Therefore，it is high time that we took/should take measures to prevent such activities from going on.
5．只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处，我们才能拥有更美好的未来。(in harmony with)
Only when we learn to live in harmony with nature can we have a better future.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
The past few years has seen our living environment being severely polluted.One of the reasons is the overuse of wrapping，which is not only a waste of money but also pollutes our environment.The plastic bags are hard to break down in a short time.However，plenty of the waste is thrown away without being dealt with，which may have a harmful effect on our environment.Therefore，it is high time that we took measures to prevent such activities from going on，such as cutting back the usage of plastic bags.
After all，only when we learn to live in harmony with nature can we have a better future.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Scientists have known for many years that houseplants benefit people’s well being.Now researchers have found a way to make plants even better for human health.Using a method called genetic modification(基因编辑)，they raised plants that reduce indoor air pollution.GM means changing a plant or animal by fixing its DNA，including adding DNA from another species(物种)．
Indoor air pollution is produced by cleaning products，cooking，and dust，among other things，and it can be bad for people’s health.In 1989，research done by NASA found that houseplants could clean the air in a home.Later studies，however，showed that plants actually made too small a difference to help much.Since then，scientists have been experimenting with the DNA of certain houseplants to try to create one that will reduce more air pollution.
In 2018，scientists from the University of Washington decided to adapt a houseplant called pothos，or devil’s ivy，which is popular and easy to care for.The team added new DNA based on a chemical found in a rabbit’s liver.In the animal，the chemical breaks down harmful matter.The team found that the new DNA made the plant better at taking in pollution.
More recently，a company called Neoplants added more DNA，from two types of bacteria(细菌)．As the devil’s ivy grew，the team studied it carefully.Tests suggested that it was up to 30 times better at taking in pollution than the non GM plants that NASA tested back in 1989.The company is also planning to add bacteria to the soil that comes with the plant，which could help break down even more polluting gases.
There is more work to be done，but the team at Neoplants plans to use this technology in other types of houseplants.If all goes well，the company hopes people in the US will be able to decorate their homes with pollution busting plants by next year.Another company，Origen Air，sells a plant based system that cleans the air in businesses and homes.It has already appeared on the market in Canada.
语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究人员发现通过基因改造的室内植物，可以更好地降低室内空气污染。
1．How can houseplants benefit people’s health according to the text
A．By relaxing people’s minds.
B．By producing more oxygen.
C．By cutting down air pollution.
D．By killing the bacteria in the air.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，室内植物是通过降低空气污染对人们的健康产生益处的。故选C。
2．What do we know about pothos from the text
A．It is a rare and high demanding houseplant.
B．NASA was the first to study its health benefits.
C．The plant itself can break down harmful chemicals.
D．GM technology betters its ability to reduce air pollution.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容尤其是最后一句可知，基因编辑技术提高了pothos减少空气污染的能力。故选D。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．No similar plant based system has been put into use up till now.
B．Further improvements are needed before the system goes into service.
C．Application of the technology to other types of houseplants is already underway.
D．Neoplants’ genetically modified houseplants are sure to appear on the market soon.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可推断，在该体系投入使用之前，还需要进一步的改进。故选B。
4．In which section of a magazine may this text appear
A．Health and sport.
B．Arts and entertainment.
C．Science and technology.
D．Animals and the environment.
答案　C
解析　文章出处题。根据第一段内容以及下文可知，文章讲述了研究人员发现通过基因改造的室内植物，可以更好地降低室内空气污染，因此推断文章可能会出现在杂志的科学与技术版块，故选C。
B
Look out the window or walk over to a patch of soil near your home.It could be reddish brown，black，dark gray or even the colour of rich，dark chocolate.If it’s moist enough，run your hands through it.It may separate into thick clumps that can hold water and later release it.With a few exceptions—such as desert sites—this is how good soil behaves.
In fact，the number of microscopic organisms that live in a shovelful of rich garden soil exceeds the number of plants and animals inhabiting the entire aboveground Amazon rainforest.And the Amazon is known for having more plants and animals than any other land based habitat.
Soil is what supports life on Earth.Most people give it little thought，but it feeds us and the ecosystems around us.It is where countless species make their homes.It collects water，pulls pollutants from the air and helps support the planet’s atmosphere.Soil is one of Mother Nature’s unsung heroes.
And while most soil looks like it’s static，just sitting there unmoving，it actually hosts plenty of activities.Its earthworms may be digging tunnels.Worms are weightlifters.But they aren’t the only ones making changes.Other creatures below ground are too tiny to see with the unaided eye.These include one celled creatures called protozoa(原生动物)．They improve soil by eating bacteria and releasing nitrogen，which helps plants grow.
And then there are all those bacteria.Most people think of them as dangerous.In soils，they not only serve as prey to beneficial protozoa，but also perform an environmental service.They help recycle dead plant parts and animal tissues into nutrients.They even turn some pollutants in soil and water into more of the nutrients that can sustain the diverse species that make up lively ecosystems beneath our feet.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了土壤的重要性以及土壤维持地球上生命的各种方式。
5．What’s the purpose of mentioning the Amazon rainforest in the second paragraph
A．To indicate the rich species in the Amazon rainforest.
B．To introduce the rich soil in the Amazon rainforest.
C．To stress the variety of microscopic organisms in the rich soil.
D．To illustrate biodiversity aboveground the Amazon rainforest.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，亚马孙雨林被称为拥有最多动植物的栖息地，提到亚马孙雨林是为了强调土壤中存在的大量微生物，并将其与亚马孙雨林的巨大生物多样性进行比较，由此表明肥沃土壤中微生物的多样性。故选C。
6．What can we infer from the third paragraph
A．Soil is something that creates life on Earth.
B．Soil provides a variety of benefits to our planet.
C．Soil determines the quality of our ecosystems.
D．Soil is the Mother Nature’s unsung hero.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后三句可知，在第三段中，作者列举了土壤造福地球的方式，包括为我们和生态系统提供食物、为物种提供住所、收集水、过滤空气中的污染物和支持大气，即土壤为我们的星球提供了各种各样的好处。故选B。
7．What can we learn from the text
A．The soil in the desert behaves as well as good soil does.
B．Most people give thought to soil for it supports life on Earth.
C．Most soil indeed hosts plenty of activities though it looks quiet.
D．The bacteria in soils almost do no good to the environment.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“And while most soil looks like it’s static，just sitting there unmoving，it actually hosts plenty of activities.”可知，虽然土壤看起来是静态的，但它实际上承载着各种各样的活动。故选C。
8．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text
A．Categories of the Soil on Earth
B．The Disappearance of the Rich Soil
C．Biodiversity in the Amazon Rainforest
D．Healthy Soil Supports Life on Our Planet
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文并根据第三段内容可知，文章解释了土壤的重要性以及土壤维持地球上生命的各种方式。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·辽宁抚顺高一期末)
I was 10 when flooding displaced my family from the Butaleja District of eastern Uganda in 2008.Illegal sand mining along the riverbanks 1 flooding already caused by climate change.We 2 our farm and home，so we moved over 130 miles away to Kampala，where we lived with my 3 .But her home quickly became crowded(拥挤的)，so we moved to a one room rental—much 4 and less beautiful than our old home.It was too much for my father.My mother raised my siblings(兄弟姐妹) and me after he 5 .She often 6 to find enough food or money.I can’t 7 how many times we went to sleep 8 because we couldn’t afford food.But back on our farm，we had 9 to eat.
And we still couldn’t 10 the impacts of climate change.I’ll never forget one night in November 2014.It began to rain，the power 11 ，and water flooded our room.We stood outside all night.The next morning，we moved back into our grandmother’s house for four months until my mom could afford to 12 a new home.
Living through 13 flooding made me realize I had to protect the environment.In 2020，I 14 Earth Volunteers，a climate nonprofit organization currently supporting youth climate education.Knowledge is 15 ：I believe my father wouldn’t have abandoned(抛弃) us if he had known why those floods hit in 2008，or how to respond.
语篇解读　本文是记叙文，讲述了作者小时候经历了数次洪水，这让作者明白了保护环境的重要性。
1．A.increases B．eases
C．calms D．worsens
答案　D
解析　increase增加；ease缓解；calm使平静；worsen加剧。根据前文“Illegal sand mining along the riverbanks”并结合实际可知，非法采砂加剧了已经由气候变化引起的洪水。故选D项。
2．A.lost B．deserted
C．destroyed D．left
答案　A
解析　lose失去；desert抛弃。根据前文“I was 10 when flooding displaced my family from the Butaleja District of eastern Uganda in 2008.”可知，作者一家遭遇了洪水，所以此处指失去了农场和家。故选A项。
3．A.sibling B．aunt
C．grandmother D．cousin
答案　C
解析　grandmother祖母；cousin同辈表亲(或堂亲)。根据后文“The next morning，we moved back into our grandmother’s house for four months”可知，此时也是搬到祖母家。故选C项。
4．A.larger B．smaller
C．taller D．newer
答案　B
解析　larger更大的；smaller更小的；taller更高的；newer更新的。根据前文“so we moved to a one room rental”可知，作者一家搬到了一间出租房，应是比农场的房屋要小。故选B项。
5．A.left B．died
C．packed D．succeeded
答案　A
解析　leave离开；die死亡；pack包装；succeed成功。根据后文“I believe my father wouldn’t have abandoned(抛弃) us if he had known why those floods hit in 2008，or how to respond.”可知父亲抛弃了他们，所以此处指父亲离开了。故选A项。
6．A.delighted B．tried
C．refused D．preferred
答案　B
解析　delight使愉快；try努力；prefer更喜欢。根据前文“My mother raised my siblings(兄弟姐妹) and me”可知，母亲独自抚养作者和他的兄弟姐妹，所以此处指努力寻找足够的食物或钱。故选B项。
7．A.organize B．consider
C．include D．count
答案　D
解析　organize组织；consider考虑；include包括；count计数。根据后文“because we couldn’t afford food”可知，作者一家买不起食物，所以此处指“我数不清有多少次我们饿着肚子睡觉”。故选D项。
8．A.hungry B．wet
C．dirty D．impatient
答案　A
解析　hungry饥饿的；wet湿的；dirty脏的；impatient没耐心的。根据后文“because we couldn’t afford food”可知，因为买不起食物，作者一家经常饿着肚子睡觉。故选A项。
9．A.little B．enough
C．unhealthy D．nothing
答案　B
解析　little一点点；enough足够；unhealthy不健康的；nothing没有什么。根据前文“because we couldn’t afford food”以及本句中的But表转折可知，应是“回到农场，我们有足够的食物”符合语境。故选B项。
10．A.explore B．improve
C．avoid D．encourage
答案　C
解析　explore探索；improve改善；avoid避免；encourage鼓励。根据后文“I’ll never forget one night in November 2014.It began to rain，the power ，and water flooded our room.”可知，作者的家又被洪水淹没了，所以是仍然无法避免气候变化的影响。故选C项。
11．A.went out B．went on
C．went around D．went down
答案　A
解析　go out熄灭；go on继续；go around走来走去；go down下跌。根据后文“and water flooded our room”可知，洪水淹没了作者的家，所以电力应是停了。故选A项。
12．A.choose B．rent
C．exchange D．lend
答案　B
解析　choose选择；rent租用；exchange交换；lend借给。根据前文“But her home quickly became crowded(拥挤的)，so we moved to a one room rental”可知，外婆家住不下他们，所以还是要租房子。故选B项。
13．A.harmless B．limited
C．unfolding D．endless
答案　D
解析　harmless无害的；limited有限的；unfolding展开的；endless无休止的。根据前文“Illegal sand mining along the riverbanks flooding already caused by climate change.”可知，气候变化加上非法采砂使洪水变得无休止，符合语境。故选D项。
14．A.funded B．quit
C．founded D．reported
答案　C
解析　fund拨款给；quit离开；found建立；report报告。根据后文“Earth Volunteers，a climate nonprofit organization currently supporting youth climate education”可知，此处指创立了气候非营利组织。故选C项。
15．A.ineffective B．productive
C．important D．hard
答案　C
解析　ineffective不起作用的；productive多产的；important重要的；hard坚固的。根据后文“I believe my father wouldn’t have abandoned(抛弃) us if he had known why those floods hit in 2008，or how to respond.”可知，作者认为如果父亲有相关的知识的话，就不会离开他们，所以作者认为知识是重要的。故选C项。Section Ⅳ　Grammar
阅读以下短文，体会加黑部分，完成下面的练习
Our senior high school is a place ①in which there are many trees.Each spring，the headmaster plants trees with us in the garden，②many of which are transported from other cities.There are many buildings in our school，③the tallest of which is the teaching building.The library ④from which we borrow books is quite large.There are 300 teachers，⑤most of whom are strict with us.We have been in this school for 2 years，⑥during which we have learned a great deal of knowledge.
[自主发现]
1．以上加黑的定语从句都是由“介词＋关系代词”结构引导。
2．通读上文发现有的结构是“介词＋关系代词”，如①④⑥；有的结构是“不定代词或形容词最高级＋of＋关系代词”，如②③⑤。
定语从句(三)
一、语法图解
二、基本构成
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物用which，指人用whom，不可用that或who代替which或whom。
Do you know the girl to/with whom our teacher is talking
你认识正和我们老师谈话的那个女孩吗？
He handed me a pen with which I wrote down his phone number.
他递给我一支钢笔，我用它记下了他的电话号码。
三、介词的选用原则
介词的选用：可以遵循“一名二动三逻辑”的原则。
(1)“一名”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I’ll never forget the farm on which I spent my childhood in the country.
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。
I still remember the day on which I graduated from college.
我仍然记得我大学毕业的那一天。
(2)“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is known.
昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
This is the book about which we talked yesterday.这就是我们昨天谈论过的那本书。
(3)“三逻辑”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。
Mr Field graduated in 2009，after which he entered a famous IT company.
菲尔德先生毕业于2009年，之后他进入了一家著名的信息技术公司。
[名师点津]　表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
I have about 10 books，half of which were written by Mr Smith.
我有大约10本书，其中一半是史密斯先生写的。
四、“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法
(1)“介词＋关系代词”前出现不定代词(all、both、none、neither、many、few等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。
The event was organized by two people，neither of whom was a professional.
这次活动是由两个人组织的，他们都不是专业人士。
The football team has 15 members，the oldest of whom is 25 years old.
这支足球队有15名队员，其中年龄最大的是25岁。
(2)在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after、look for等，也不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
护士们正在照顾的婴儿都很健康。
(3)在“the＋名词＋of＋关系代词”或“of＋关系代词＋the＋名词”结构中一定不能漏掉冠词the；在“whose＋名词”结构中一定不能加上冠词 the。
I live in the room，the windows of which face south.
＝I live in the room，of which the windows face south.
＝I live in the room，whose windows face south.
我住在那间窗户朝南的屋子里。
(4)引导定语从句的关系副词when、where、why在定语从句中分别作时间、地点、原因状语时，可根据其在句中的搭配关系，转换成相应的“介词＋which”结构。
It was the room where(＝in which) he had lived for ten years.
这就是他住了十年的房间。
The reason why(＝for which) he refused the invitation is not clear.
他拒绝这个邀请的理由还不清楚。
It was a special day when(＝on which) I saw the admirable person in my heart.
那是一个特殊的日子，在那天，我见到了我心中敬佩的人。
(5)the way后接定语从句时关系词的选择
the way作先行词，后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语，则用in which/that，或是省略；若关系词在从句中作宾语、主语等，关系词用which/that，且关系词在从句中作宾语时也可省略。
The way (in which/that) he treats children is very good.
他对待孩子们的方式非常好。
The way (which/that) you told me yesterday doesn’t work.
你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。
Ⅰ.阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的词
Yesterday I visited Mr Smith,1.to whom I often turned for help when I was in trouble in senior high school.We talked about the woods 2.in which we often took a walk，the naughty boy 3.with whom I often quarreled and the day 4.on which I eventually graduated from school.Then he asked me the reason 5.for which I came back to our small town instead of staying in big cities.I told him that though it was inconvenient to live in small towns，I preferred the atmosphere with 6. which I was familiar and loved the people with 7.whom I grew up.
Ⅱ.用定语从句补全下列句子
1．The old man has two sons，both of whom are lawyers.
这位老人有两个儿子，都是律师。
2．The little girl is reading a book，in which there are many cartoon pictures.
小女孩正在读一本书，里面有很多卡通图片。
3．History is the subject in our school in which every student is interested.
历史是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。
4．Can you tell me the reason for which you didn’t come to her birthday party
你能告诉我你没来参加她生日聚会的原因吗？
5．Social networking has changed the way (that/in which) we make friends.
网络社交已经改变了我们交友的方式。
训练3　Grammar　[分值：84.5分]
Ⅰ.用“介词＋关系代词”填空(共8小题；每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．Is she the girl from whom you borrowed the dress yesterday evening
2．I will never forget the day on which I was admitted to a famous university.
3．Gun control is a subject about/over which Americans have argued for a long time.
4．The policeman with/about/to whom Mr Henry is talking is a friend of mine.
5．My father is the first person to whom I will turn for help when I meet difficulties.
6．Would you be kind enough to help the boy for whom Chinese is really hard to learn
7．Wind power is an ancient source of energy on/upon which we may depend in the near future.
8．The newly built library，the walls of which are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us.
Ⅱ.用“介词＋关系代词”完成句子(共5小题；每小题3分，共15分)
1．I don’t know the girl to/with whom Tom was talking just now.
我不认识刚才和汤姆谈话的那个女孩。
2．The building，the roof of which/of which the roof was destroyed in the big fire，has been repaired.
屋顶在大火中被毁的这座建筑现已修复。
3．The classroom the door of which/of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.
那间门坏了的教室能容纳40个学生。
4．We’d like to know the reason for which they argued with each other.
我们想知道他们争吵的原因。
5．I don’t agree with the way in which you are dealing with the issue.
我不同意你处理这个问题的方式。
Ⅲ.用“介词＋关系代词”完成语段(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)
If teenagers are bullied(欺负) by other students at school，they may experience a tough time 1.during which they may lose confidence and they can’t concentrate on their study at school.Some may have trouble finding friends 2.to/with whom they can talk about their problems.Others may think it useless to tell it to others.This is the main reason 3.for which school bullying is not known by teachers and parents.Actually，they can turn to parents and teachers,4.with whose help the problem can be solved.The best way 5.in which we can prevent school bullying is to stop it by law and punish those who harm others.
Ⅳ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
The Amazon rainforest is moving toward a “tipping point” past which trees will start to die off in large numbers，researchers have said.
The study published in the Journal of Natural Climate Change was conducted by scholars from the University of Exeter，the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research(PIK) and the Technical University of Munich.They used satellite data from 1991 to 2016 to examine trends in deforestation.
They calculated that 75 percent of the rainforest is now at risk of being unable to recover when experiencing droughts，which are also increasingly more common due to global warming.
“Deforestation and climate change are likely to be the main drivers of this decline，” Niklas Boers of PIK and the Technical University of Munich told the BBC.The study has predicted that it is only a matter of decades until a “significant chunk” of the Amazon is transformed from rainforest into savannah(大草原)．
What would the world be like without the Amazon rainforest The destruction of the Amazon rainforest，in some ways caused by global warming，will also speed up this process.“The Amazon stores lots of carbon and all of that would be released into the atmosphere，which would then further contribute to increasing temperatures and have future effects on global mean temperatures，”Professor Boulton of the University of Exeter told the BBC.
This worrying snowball effect means that the destruction of the Amazon will make the much larger battle against global warming more difficult.The destruction of the Amazon would also have a huge impact on the ecology of the Earth.The Amazon rainforest is home to more than 30,000 species of plants,2.5 million species of insects,2,500 fish，more than 1,500 bird species,550 reptiles(爬行动物)，and 500 mammals，according to the Wildlife Conservation Society.A savannah，a grassland environment that lacks a large variety of plant life would be unable to host the large and varied ecosystems that currently exist in the rainforest.It is likely that a variety of species tend to be endangered or even go missing，as they would be unable to adjust to this new ecosystem.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了亚马孙雨林正在走向一个“临界点”，超过这个临界点，树木将开始大量死亡，大量的物种可能会灭绝。
1．In what way does the writer make the conclusion about the study in the first paragraph
A．By using numbers.
B．By analyzing data.
C．By making experiments.
D．By imagining the future.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“They used satellite data from 1991 to 2016 to examine trends in deforestation.”和第三段中“They calculated that 75 percent of the rainforest is now at risk of being unable to recover when experiencing droughts”可知，作者是通过分析数据得出第一段中的结论的。故选B。
2．What usually happens as a result of global warming according to the text
A．Lacking water. B．Flooding houses.
C．Causing fires. D．Planting trees.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段内容尤其是droughts“旱灾”可知，全球变暖通常会导致缺水。故选A。
3．What can we learn about the future of the rainforest from the text
A．It will last long until the forest recovery.
B．It won’t be long before the rainforests become grasslands.
C．The destruction has a huge impact on people’s life.
D．The Amazon stores lots of oxygen and will be released into the air.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，根据文中的说法，雨林未来用不了多久就会变成草原。故选B。
4．What is implied in the last paragraph
A．The battle against global warming is not so difficult.
B．No life can adjust to the new ecosystem.
C．A grassland environment is better to host the large and varied ecosystems that currently exist in the rainforest.
D．A large number of species will probably be extinct.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，大量的物种可能会灭绝。故选D。
B
Trees are one of the oldest “citizens(公民)” of our Earth.They keep our air clean，reduce noise pollution，improve water quality and provide food and building materials.
Just like us，trees change a lot as they grow.At 1 to 3 years old，young trees learn how to protect themselves.For example，many trees grow thorns(刺) to warn animals not to go near.Most young trees have large，deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and energy.
When trees are 4 years old，they begin to grow very rapidly and become strong enough to face challenges later in life.At the age of 15，trees become young adults.Afterwards，they grow more slowly and begin to produce flowers and fruits.
It is not until the tree is 20 to 25 years old that it becomes a real adult.The tree reaches its largest size.The adult tree gives us shade，oxygen and natural beauty；it is also a great place for a tree house，or a place for us to read a book，listen to music and so on.If we give the adult tree proper care，it will go on to live healthily for many years.
Gradually，trees begin to grow older and older and even die.At this time，they still have their important place in nature.When a tree becomes hollow(空心的) or part of it becomes dead，it provides a home to small animals and is a source of food for many other animals.
In many ways，the life of a tree is like our own life experience.When we are looking at the life of a tree，we learn that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge.So，let’s enjoy every minute of our life and take care of it like planting a tree!
5．Why do some of the trees grow thorns when they are very young
A．To catch enough sunlight.
B．To protect themselves.
C．To become more beautiful.
D．To produce food and energy.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At 1 to 3 years old，young trees learn how to protect themselves.For example，many trees grow thorns(刺) to warn animals not to go near.”可知，树长刺是为了保护自己。故选B。
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the growth of a tree
A．The tree produces flowers and fruits before the age of 15.
B．The tree becomes a young adult when it is 20 to 25 years old.
C．When part of a tree becomes dead，it still plays an important role in nature.
D．The young adult tree is a good place for a tree house and for us to read a book.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，虽然树的一部分死亡了，但仍然可以在大自然中起到作用。故选C。
7．Why should we enjoy every minute of our life according to the last paragraph
A．Because our life is becoming better and better.
B．Because trees give us so much and make our world beautiful.
C．Because the life of a tree is similar to our own life experience.
D．Because each period of life brings its own form of pleasure and challenge.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“When we are looking at the life of a tree，we learn that each period of life brings its own form of joy and challenge.”可知，我们应该享受生命中的每一分钟，是因为我们人生的每个阶段就像树的每个生命阶段一样，会带来各自的欢乐和挑战。故选D。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．The life of trees.
B．Different kinds of trees.
C．The mystery of a tree.
D．The advantages trees can bring us.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意题。根据文章主体部分各个段落中的“At 1 to 3 years old” “When trees are 4 years old” “until the tree is 20 to 25 years old”“begin to grow older and older and even die”这些表示时间的短语和句子可知，这篇文章主要以时间顺序讲述了树木从小到大的生长过程，即树的一生。故选A。
Ⅴ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
(2024·安徽阜阳高一期中)
A simple and common way to water plants is to hold a garden pipe and let the water fall down directly on the plants and soil.This is a good choice that doesn’t waste water.It also can help prevent plant disease.But a garden pipe isn’t the only way to water your plants.
The When and How of Watering
1 This lets the water go deeply into the soil before the weather gets too hot.If you water late in the day，the water will just evaporate(蒸发) from the surface.If you water in the evening，the plants stay too wet overnight.
How you water is just as important as when you water.If you water quickly every day，it doesn’t help the roots，which can spread over 30 centimeters into the soil.Water the soil less often，but deeply.Be careful when watering very dry soil because the water will just run off without getting into the soil. 2
Collect and Reuse Water
One way to help keep costs low for watering is to use used water.Instead of emptying water out after boiling foods，keep it and reuse it to water plants. 3 You can also catch and use rainwater.
Choose Native Plants
Most gardeners just think about which plants look good and the plants’ sunlight needs. 4 Drought resistant plants shouldn’t be overwatered when trying to keep thirstier plants watered.
It’s also best to use plants that are native to the area where you live.These plants are likely to be resistant to drought. 5 After that，they can live on just rainwater except for during times of extreme heat.
A．Put more pipes around the plants.
B．But watering needs should be considered，too.
C．They just need watering for the first two years.
D．Just make sure the water does not have salt in it.
E．The best time to water your plants is in the morning.
F．Growing plants in containers usually needs much water.
G．Water your plants slowly and make sure the water is taken in by earth.
1．答案　E
解析　根据后文“This lets the water go deeply into the soil before the weather gets too hot...”可知，本空是在说明给植物浇水的最佳时间是早上，故E选项符合语境，故选E。
2．答案　G
解析　根据上文“Be careful when watering very dry soil...without getting into the soil.”可知，给过干的土壤浇水时要小心，防止水流直接溢出，故G选项“慢慢地给植物浇水，确保水被土壤吸收”符合语境，故选G。
3．答案　D
解析　上文建议把煮过食物的水保留下来给植物浇水，故本句应说明这么做的注意事项：确保水里没有盐，D选项符合语境，故选D。
4．答案　B
解析　根据上文“Most gardeners just think about which plants look good and the plants’ sunlight needs.”以及后文“Drought resistant plants should not be overwatered...”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出要考虑浇水的需要，B选项符合语境，故选B。
5．答案　C
解析　上文提到本土植物抗旱，下文则说之后它们可以仅靠雨水生存，所以C选项“它们只需要在头两年浇水”符合语境，故选C。
Ⅵ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries(栖息地) has great 1. (significant) for the conservation of the giant panda,2. (recognize) as a “National Treasure” in China and an icon of 3. (globe) conservation efforts.It is the largest and most important remaining area of panda habitat in China and the world，consisting of seven nature reserves and nine scenic 4. (park)．
In addition 5. the giant panda，it features 6. great number of local and threatened species of plants and animals，including other iconic mammal species，such as the red panda and snow leopard.It is an important center for some birds,300 of 7.______________ breed(繁殖) locally.Besides，it is 8. (particular) important for plants,9.____________(become) one of the botanically richest sites of any temperate(温带的) region in the world.It is a major source and gene pool for hundreds of traditional medicinal plants，many now under threat.Because of its biodiversity and conservation of giant pandas，it 10.____________(list) as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2006.
1．答案　significance
解析　考查名词。分析句子，设空处使用significant的名词形式significance作宾语，意为“重要性”。故填significance。
2．答案　recognized
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子，设空处使用非谓语动词。giant panda与recognize之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词作后置定语。故填recognized。
3．答案　global
解析　考查形容词。分析句子，设空处使用globe的形容词形式global作定语，修饰名词短语conservation efforts，意为“全球的”。故填global。
4．答案　parks
解析　考查名词复数。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语。根据前面的nine可知，此处表示复数意义。故填parks。
5．答案　to
解析　考查介词。分析句子，此处为固定短语in addition to，意为“除……以外(还)”。故填to。
6．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。此处为短语a great number of，意为“大量的”。故填a。
7．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子，此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指代先行词some birds，为物。故填which。
8．答案　particularly
解析　考查副词。分析句子，设空处使用particular的副词形式particularly作状语，修饰形容词important，意为“尤其”。故填particularly。
9．答案　becoming
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子，设空处使用非谓语动词，主语it与所给动词become之间是主动关系，此处使用现在分词，作状语。故填becoming。
10．答案　was listed
解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去的事情，应用一般过去时；根据句意，it与list之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是it，be动词使用was。故填was listed。Section Ⅴ　Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.选择填空(高考形式)
Listen to the monologue on P89 and choose the best answer.
1．What is Marly talking about
A．Her lifestyle as an Inuit.
B．The life of a Canadian.
C．A period called “polar night”．
答案　A
2．Where do they live when hunting outside
A．In their regular houses.
B．In temporary wooden houses.
C．In shelters made of snow or ice.
答案　C
3．What are the main food of the Inuit people
A．Vegetables and fruit.
B．Fish and meat.
C．Food from the inland.
答案　B
4．What do Inuit people usually do during the “polar night”？
A．They read stories and books.
B．They stay with their families.
C．They go hunting with families.
答案　B
Ⅱ.听力填空(精听训练)
Listen to the monologue on P89 again and fill in the blanks.
Marly：My name’s Marly.I’m from an Inuit village in the far north of 1.Canada.Our lives are closely connected to the natural world of the Arctic.
Although we live in 2.regular houses，we stay in temporary shelters called “igloos” when we go hunting.Igloos are made of 3.snow or ice.On the one hand，they are quite warm inside and the building materials can be found everywhere.But on the other，they can only be kept for around 50 days.
We get our food from the 4.nearby sea.Eating a lot of fish and meat keeps our bodies strong so that we can 5.fight the cold.But the downside is that the cold weather makes it difficult for us to grow enough vegetables and fruit.
It’s 6.completely dark here for three months of the year，which is a period called “polar night”．So，life can sometimes be boring！But the good thing is，during that time 7.the elders tell us stories about our people.It gives us more time to be with our family and friends.
Nowadays，ships bring 8.tourists to the Arctic.The advantage to this is that it brings more money and job opportunities，but the disadvantage is that our environment 9.is being polluted.
One thing is for sure，though：no matter how things change，our traditions will 10.remain an important part of our lives.Section Ⅵ　Developing ideas
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Amazing gardening.
B．History about gardening.
C．The benefits of gardening.
D．British enthusiasm for gardening.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What do the words “green fingers” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A．The ability to garden.
B．A taste for green.
C．Fingers in green color.
D．A love for green.
答案　A
2．What can we infer from the second paragraph
A．Different from people in other countries，the British people’s fingers are green.
B．All the British people have their own gardens.
C．Around half the population spend most of their free time gardening.
D．Lots of British people not only love but also are good at gardening.
答案　D
3．What do we know about the love of gardening in Britain
A．Children like to see the tallest flowers.
B．Only experts can enter into competitions.
C．People enjoy working in their gardens.
D．People can find a place to plant flowers.
答案　C
4．Why do people turn their rooftops into gardens
A．Because the flowers on the rooftops are more beautiful.
B．Because the space that can be used is limited.
C．Because too many people are waiting for the place.
D．Because the flowers on the rooftops can improve the air quality.
答案　B
5．Where can we probably read this passage
A．In a travel guidebook.
B．In a culture magazine.
C．In a science newspaper.
D．In an environment management book.
答案　B
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
The book The Secret Garden，first 1.published (publish) in 1911，inspires people to plant flowers.But at that time，only a few people had enough money 2.to have(have) gardens.Very soon after this，many houses began to 3.be built(build) with gardens and today many British people are proud of their “green fingers”．In spring，children like to plant sunflowers and wait to find the 4.tallest(tall) one.Some people spend much time 5.growing(grow) their vegetables to enter into competitions.However,6.limited(limit) space has led to people in cities looking for new solutions.Some rent small pieces of land 7.on which they grow things.Today there are over 4,000 people in London 8.waiting (wait) for such pieces of land.Others even turn their rooftops and walls 9.into private gardens.These gardens not only help make the cities greener and improve air quality but also are good 10.for the soul.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．If you look the right way，you can see that the whole world is a garden.(P90 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句，If引导条件状语从句；that引导宾语从句，作see的宾语。
汉语翻译：如果从合适的角度去欣赏，你会发现整个世界就是一个花园。
2．This is what started the British love of gardening(garden)！(P90 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句，what引导表语从句，在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：英国人对园艺的热爱就此开始！
3．Today，millions(million) of Brits like to say that they have “green fingers”，with around half the population spending their free time gardening.(P91 Para.1)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句，that引导宾语从句。with复合结构的宾语是around half the population，宾语补足语是spending their free time gardening。
汉语翻译：如今，数百万的英国人喜欢说他们有“绿手指(意为擅长园艺)”，约有一半的英国人都把空闲时间用在打理花园上。
4．Each spring，children plant sunflowers and wait to see(see) which one is the tallest.(P91 Para.2)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句，which引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：每年春天，孩子们种下向日葵，满怀期待地看谁种的长得最高。
5．Those without outside space can rent small pieces of land on which to grow things.(P92 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是简单句，是主谓宾结构。on which to grow things为“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”形式，此结构可用来简化定语从句。
汉语翻译：住宅外部没有空间的居民可以租用小块土地种植作物。
6．Today，there are over 4,000 people in London waiting for such pieces(piece) of land.(P92 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是简单句，为there be句型。waiting for such...of land是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰people。
汉语翻译：现如今，伦敦有四千多人在等待租用这样的土地。
7．And if you’re in any doubt about this，take a moment to reflect on this line from The Secret Garden...(P92 Para.4)
结构分析：此句是主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句，主句是祈使句。
汉语翻译：如果你对这一点有任何疑问，请停下片刻，回味一下《秘密花园》中的这句话……
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
while引导让步状语从句
And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass，some are happy just to sit under the branches of the trees and enjoy the beauty of the world around them.(P92 Para.2)
虽然许多英国人认为锄草是周日最棒的活动，但也有的人只要能坐在树下享受周围世界的美丽就心满意足了。
结构分析：此句是复合句，while引导让步状语从句，其中nothing better than...为“否定词＋比较级”结构，表达最高级含义。
————————————————————————————————————————
while作连词时，用法如下：
while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，一般放在句首。
while用作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示一种对比关系。
while引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，从句谓语用延续性动词。
while表示“只要”时，是从属连词，引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as，可放在句首或句中。
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)别人说话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
It is impolite to cut in while others are talking.
(2)只要你有梦想并努力，你就很可能会实现它。
While you have a dream and work hard，you are likely to make it come true.
(3)虽然互联网有很大的帮助，但我认为花太多时间在它上面不是个好主意。
While the Internet is of great help，I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
(4)老年人喜欢回顾过去，而年轻人喜欢展望未来。
Old people enjoy looking back on the past while the young enjoy looking forward to the future.
“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
教材原句　同上
————————————————————————————————————————
“否定词＋比较级”结构中常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody等。
含否定词表最高级意义的其他表达有：
①can/could＋never/not/...＋形容词/副词＋enough
②can/could＋never/not/...＋too＋形容词/副词
————————————————————————————————————————
(1)我从未听过比他告诉我的更鼓舞人心的话。
I’ve never heard more inspiring words than what he told me.
(2)直到那时，我才突然意识到没有人比我更快乐。
It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.
(3)在高速公路上开车时，你再怎么小心也不为过。
You can’t be too careful/You can’t be careful enough/You can never be too careful/You can never be careful enough when driving on the highway.
课文重点词块默写
1．在那时at that time
2．带有花园的房子 homes with gardens
3．数百万的millions of
4．高超的种植技能green fingers
5．花费(时间、金钱)做某事spend...(in) doing sth
6．参与比赛enter into competitions
7．坐在树下 sit under the branches of the trees
8．把……变成…… turn...into...
9．改善空气质量improve air quality
10．导致，引起lead to
11．又；也；除……之外as well as
12．对……有益be good for
13．业余活动free-time activity
14．允许某人做某事allow sb to do sth
15．与大自然融为一体be at one with nature
16．对……有疑问be in doubt about...
17．花些时间take a moment
18．认真思考；反思reflect on
训练4　Developing ideas　[分值：50分]
Ⅰ.单句写作(课文佳句仿写)(共15分)
(应用文写作——倡议走到户外享受自然)
1．尽管我们现在生活繁忙，但也应该抽出一些时间去户外享受大自然的美丽。(while引导让步状语从句)
While we are living a busy life nowadays，we should spare some time to go outdoors and enjoy the beauty of nature.
2．待在大自然中不仅有益于健康，而且有助于建立良好的家庭关系。(benefit；not only...but also...)
Staying in nature is not only beneficial/of benefit to health but also helps build good family relationships.
3．没有什么比感受阳光照射在我们的皮肤上和倾听鸟叫声更令人愉快的了。(“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义)
Nothing is more pleasant than feeling the sunlight on our skin and listening to the sound of birds.
4．收起你的手机，花点时间享受大自然，你会发现这是很值得的。(take a moment)
Put away your phones and take a moment to enjoy nature，and you will find it worthwhile.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
While we are living a busy life nowadays，we should spare some time to go outdoors and enjoy the beauty of nature.There is no doubt that staying in nature is not only beneficial to health but also helps build good family relationships.As far as I am concerned，nothing is more pleasant than feeling the sunlight on our skin and listening to the sound of birds.Therefore，put away your phones and take a moment to enjoy nature，and you will find it worthwhile.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
An ancient plant，amaranth(苋菜)，is drawing attention throughout the world and connecting indigenous people(土著人) to their history.It has become a billion dollar food and cosmetic product since the 1970s.The ancient grain can be found in greater numbers of grocery stores in the US and Mexico，and increasingly in the Asia Pacific and Europe.
“This is a plant that could feed the world，” Beata Tsosie Pena，a coordinator of the environmental，health and justice program at nonprofit Tewa Women United，told The Guardian.
Amaranth is actually a grain，like buckwheat，and native to Mesoamerica，a region including southern Mexico and many counties in Central America.Its seed is a highly nutritious source of protein，vitamins and minerals.It’s proved to be an attractive product for health conscious shoppers.
A single amaranth plant produces hundreds of seeds and can be grown in a wide variety of climates and countries from India，China，Southeast Asia to West Africa and the Caribbean.It’s this resilience that allowed the plant to survive over the centuries，even when the Spanish arrived in the Americas in the 16th century and outlawed amaranth.Growing amaranth has also provided a degree of economic independence for indigenous farmers in Guatemala and the US，according to The Guardian.Even after facing a near extinction event in Guatemala when state forces targeted the Maya people and burned their fields，farmers preserved their amaranth seeds by hiding them in jars in the field and under their floorboards.
“What we want is for the whole world to produce their own food，” Maria Aurelia Xitumul，a member of agricultural community Qachuu Aloom，told The Guardian.“For the seeds，distance doesn’t exist.Borders don’t exist.” Most recently，Xitumul said that people with their own gardens felt secure knowing they had control over their food supply，thanks to amaranth.
“Amaranth has completely changed the lives of families in our communities，not only economically，but spiritually，” added Xitumul.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种远古时代的植物苋菜的一些习性和生长特征，以及它在为人们提供粮食保障中发挥的重要作用。
1．What do we know about amaranth
A．It was found in Mesoamerica in the 1970s.
B．It mainly grows in the Americas and Europe.
C．Its seed contains abundant vitamins and minerals.
D．It’s one of the most expensive foods in the world.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Its seed is a highly nutritious source of protein，vitamins and minerals.”可知，苋菜的种子包含丰富的维生素和矿物质。故选C项。
2．What does the underlined word “resilience” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Its ability to produce many seeds.
B．Its function of offering economic independence.
C．Its quality of growing quickly in extreme weather.
D．Its ability to adjust to different environments.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。画线词前文说明苋菜可以在不同气候、不同国家种植，即它有适应不同环境的能力，生存能力强，从而推知画线词意为“适应不同环境的能力”。故选D项。
3．What does Xitumul point out
A．Plants should be grown in line with local conditions.
B．Countries should work together to promote the seeds.
C．Amaranth gave people a sense of security.
D．Amaranth helped lift many families out of poverty.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Most recently，Xitumul said that people with their own gardens felt secure knowing they had control over their food supply，thanks to amaranth.”可知，Xitumul指出，苋菜给了人们一种安全感。故选C项。
4．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．The Origin of Amaranth
B．The Value of Amaranth
C．The Popularity of Amaranth
D．The Wide Application of Amaranth
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。根据第二段中“This is a plant that could feed the world”以及全文可知，苋菜这种植物给全世界的人们提供精神上和经济上支持。因此，文章主要介绍了苋菜这种植物有着重要作用。B项“苋菜的价值”符合题意，为最佳标题。故选B项。
B
For those who have been wishing for real life chocolate mountains，your dream is about to come true! Just kidding.The chocolate look alike mounds(土丘) in Bohol，Philippines have absolutely nothing to do with chocolate aside from the fact that during one particular time of the year，they appear to look similar to chocolate.
During the wet season and anytime outside of the dry season，the Chocolate Hills maintain a green color.What attracts people’s attention is the shape of these mounds，as they look as though they were placed there by design，but none of these fields are man made.
With regard to the origin of the Chocolate Hills，while experts have their own opinions，it’s the Filipinos who have drawn their own conclusion about the Chocolate Hills.According to a popular legend，these hills were a result of two giants(巨人) who ended up throwing mounds of earth at one another during a heated argument.As the fight heated up，they began throwing things such as rocks and sand，which is said to be what created the surrounding area.While some locals believe the legend and some don’t，it is an interesting story nevertheless and fun to think about.
However，the real story lies in the composition(成分) of the hills and this is where experts have a bit more of a scientific reason for the hills being there than just giants.With the help of heavy rainfall and erosion(侵蚀)，it’s believed that limestone(石灰岩) was broken down over time and it’s this dissolution(分解) that created the Chocolate Hills.
The dry season in the Philippines is the only time to see these hills in all their chocolatey glory，and that falls between late November and May.However，since it is just the predicted dry season，it’s recommended that visitors check the weather before planning anything.
5．What is the color of the Chocolate Hills in the wet season
A．Yellow. B．Green.
C．Brown. D．Grey.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“During the wet season and anytime outside of the dry season，the Chocolate Hills maintain a green color.”可知，在雨季，巧克力山是绿色的。故选B。
6．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．A legend about the Chocolate Hills.
B．Locals’ opinions about the Chocolate Hills.
C．Who created the Chocolate Hills.
D．What the Chocolate Hills are made up.
答案　A
解析　段落大意题。根据第三段中的“According to a popular legend...it is an interesting story nevertheless and fun to think about.”可知，本段主要详细描述了关于巧克力山的一个传说。故选A。
7．What caused the Chocolate Hills to form according to the experts
A．The dissolution of limestone.
B．The lack of rainfall.
C．Human activity.
D．The extreme dry climate.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“With the help of heavy rainfall and erosion(侵蚀)，it’s believed that limestone(石岩) was broken down over time and it’s this dissolution(分解) that created the Chocolate Hills.”可知，专家认为石灰岩的分解形成了巧克力山。故选A。
8．When is a good time to visit the Chocolate Hills
A．Early November. B．Mid July.
C．Late September. D．Early January.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The dry season in the Philippines is the only time to see these hills in all their chocolatey glory，and that falls between late November and May.”可知，游览巧克力山的最佳时期是在11月下旬到5月之间，D选项“Early January(1月初)”符合该时间段。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分)
When Marco was a boy，he tried everything to get his father’s love and attention.He studied hard to get good 1 and tried to behave well.He was shy and shorter than the other boys.Besides，his father was 2 and had little time for him.Except for his 3 for housework after school，there was no communication.Marco felt very 4 .
One day，his maths teacher called him that some young teenagers were 5 a public speaking contest.She thought he should give it a 6 .She firmly believed he could perform on stage(舞台) like other kids.Feeling her strong trust，Marco agreed to 7 the contest.
All winter，he took a bus to 8 twice a week in another city，where the competition would take place.Marco was taken by a strong 9 he never felt before.Finally，the big day arrived.His father and his maths teacher were present.When he stepped onto the stage and began to speak，he felt 10 at home.He was funny，and acted very naturally.He won！He noticed his father’s eyes were 11 —he was so proud.It was then that his father 12 he should pay more attention to the child.
As the winner，his name was 13 in the local papers.He knew this was the 14 of his new life.It all happened because of a phone call，from one who 15 him.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述性格内向的Marco在数学老师的鼓励和信任下参加演讲比赛，并最终获胜的故事。
1．A.gifts B．habits
C．grades D．skills
答案　C
解析　grade成绩；skill技巧。根据上文“He studied hard”可知，他努力学习应是为了取得好成绩，故选C。
2．A.lazy B．silent
C．serious D．busy
答案　D
解析　lazy懒惰的；silent沉默的；serious严重的，严肃的；busy忙碌的。根据下文“had little time for him”可知，爸爸很少有时间陪他，说明爸爸很忙，故选D。
3．A.suggestions B．promises
C．comments D．orders
答案　D
解析　suggestion建议；promise承诺；comment评论；order命令，要求。根据空后“for housework after school”可知，此处指父亲要求儿子放学后做家务，故选D。
4．A.lonely B．anxious
C．frightened D．annoyed
答案　A
解析　lonely孤单的；anxious焦虑的；frightened害怕的；annoyed生气的，恼怒的。根据上文“had little time for him”及“there was no communication”可知，父亲忙碌得没有时间陪Marco，父子之间很少交流，Marco应是感到很孤独。故选A。
5．A.thinking about B．signing up for
C．going back to D．worrying about
答案　B
解析　think about考虑；sign up for报名参加；go back to回到；worry about担心。根据空后“a public speaking contest”可知，此处指报名参加演讲比赛，故选B。
6．A.debate B．focus
C．try D．challenge
答案　C
解析　debate辩论；focus焦点；try尝试；challenge挑战。根据下文“She firmly believed he could perform on stage(舞台) like other kids.”可知，数学老师相信他能像其他孩子一样在舞台上表演，此处指老师认为他应该试一试。give it a try尝试，故选C。
7．A.enter B．continue
C．organise D．quit
答案　A
解析　enter进入，参加；continue继续；organise组织；quit放弃。上文提到老师很相信他，下文提到Marco努力练习，故Marco同意参加比赛，故选A。
8．A.compete B．register
C．practise D．revise
答案　C
解析　compete竞争；register注册；practise练习；revise修订。比赛前Marco应是努力练习，故选C。
9．A.pain B．power
C．love D．risk
答案　B
解析　pain痛苦；power力量；love爱；risk风险。根据上文“She firmly believed he could perform on stage(舞台) like other kids.”及语境可知，老师很相信Marco的能力，他进行着刻苦的练习，所以此处指他被一种前所未有的巨大力量所吸引。故选B。
10．A.totally B．actually
C．partly D．obviously
答案　A
解析　totally完全地；actually实际上；partly部分地；obviously明显地。根据下文“He was funny，and acted very naturally.”可知，Marco表现得很出色，感到非常自在，故选A。
11．A.moving B．shining
C．admiring D．confusing
答案　B
解析　move移动；shine闪耀，发光；admire钦佩，羡慕；confuse使困惑。根据上文“He won！”以及下文“he was so proud”可知，Marco赢了，父亲的眼睛闪闪发光，感到非常自豪，故选B。
12．A.preferred B．remembered
C．recommended D．realized
答案　D
解析　prefer更喜欢，宁愿；remember想起，记得；recommend推荐，建议；realize意识到。上文提到Marco的父亲非常忙碌，很少和Marco交流，此处指他看到Marco获胜，意识到自己要多关注儿子，故选D。
13．A.shared B．published
C．applied D．attracted
答案　B
解析　share分享；publish发表，刊登；apply申请；attract吸引。结合空后“in the local papers”可知，此处指Marco获胜后他的名字被刊登在当地报纸上，故选B。
14．A.style B．impression
C．lesson D．start
答案　D
解析　style风格；impression印象；lesson功课；start开始。根据空后“his new life”可知，这次获奖让Marco开启了新的生活。故选D。
15．A.depended on B．heard about
C．believed in D．listened to
答案　C
解析　depend on依靠；hear about听说；believe in相信，信任；listen to听。结合第二段中“She firmly believed he could perform on stage(舞台) like other kids.Feeling her strong trust...”可知，由于Marco的数学老师的信任，Marco参加了比赛并获胜，所以这一切都源自一个信任他的人打来的电话。故选C。Section Ⅶ　Writing
概要写作是在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精炼的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
在写概要时，要按照“六步法”的程序进行，具体步骤如下：
1．Scan the passage—览全文，定体裁
2．Underline the main points—划要点
3．Miss the details—省细节
4．Analyse the structure—析结构
5．Restate the points—换表达
6．Yoke the sentences to a passage—连全文
1．议论文开头语
The passage/author argues that...
本文/作者主张……
The passage/author highlights the importance of...
本文/作者强调了……的重要性。
2．说明文开头语
According to the passage，we can know...
根据文章我们可知……
This passage/article is mainly about...
这篇文章主要是关于……
3．记叙文开头语
The passage/story is mainly about...
本文/故事主要是关于……
The author tells us a story about...
作者给我们讲述了一个关于……的故事。
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s the first day of school and you have to find the perfect clothes to make a good impression.Luckily for me，I don’t have this problem：my private school requires me to wear a uniform.Some may think this is not a good idea，but I think it is very positive.
In school，one of the most important things is your style.The more you have，the more popular you will probably be.With uniforms，there’s no discrimination(歧视) because of what you’re wearing.Everyone is united in the same style.Clothing often reflects who you are.In most schools，there are groups of students who dress alike.You may even avoid a particular person because of what they are wearing.Uniforms require students to get to know each other by finding out who they really are.
There are many styles of clothing，some appropriate(合适的) for school and others not.Peers and the media pressure us into dressing in a certain way.Some clothing contains logos(标志) promoting alcohol or even violence.Since some students want to fit in and be cool，they tend to wear this type of clothing.In most school systems，however，it is not allowed.Uniforms help remove these problems.All students look similar.They all fit in.There are no distractions(使人分心的事物)．Uniforms allow students to concentrate on learning instead of what they are wearing.
Money also plays a big part in the clothing we wear.Not all styles are affordable.Some students may even feel pressured to steal to get the right clothing.Although uniforms are initially expensive，they can be worn for years，making them cost less than regular clothes.I believe uniforms help unite us in a common goal：to do well in school.They are a symbol of our unity.They make it clear to everyone that we are more than just our clothes；we are all individuals.
第一步　审题谋篇
审题
写作要求是写一篇概要，写作时要注意：
1．确定文体：这是一篇议论文的概要，结构应该为“总—分”模式。
2．主体时态：以一般现在时为主。
3．主体人称：以第三人称为主。
谋篇
要点1：Para.1主旨句(穿校服有好处)
要点2：Para.2主旨句(穿校服有助于消除歧视，认识自己)
要点3：Para.3主旨句(穿校服能让学生关注自己的学习而不是穿着)
要点4：Para.4主旨句(穿校服经济实惠，还能让学生牢记学习目标)
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇
1．穿校服wear school uniforms
2．好处，益处benefit
3．消除歧视get rid of discrimination
4．减轻同辈压力reduce the peer pressure
5．使某人能够做…… enable sb to do
6．专注于focus/concentrate on
7．省钱save money
连词成句
1．一些学生认为穿校服不是个好主意。
Some students consider wearing school uniforms is not a good idea.
2．但是我认为穿校服有很多好处。
However，I think it has many benefits.
3．穿校服有助于消除歧视和减少同辈压力。
Wearing school uniforms can help get rid of discrimination and reduce the peer pressure.
4．穿校服可以让学生更加专注于学业而不是时尚。
Wearing uniforms enables students to focus more on their school work instead of fashion.
5．校服很耐穿，能为学生节省一大笔钱。
School uniforms withstand wear and tear，so they can save a lot of money for students.
第三步　句式升级
1．用连词while连接句1和句2。
While some students consider wearing school uniforms is not a good idea，I think it has many benefits.
2．用“not only...but also...”连接句3和句4。
Wearing school uniforms can not only help get rid of discrimination and reduce the peer pressure but it can also enable students to focus more on their school work instead of fashion.
第四步　组句成篇
为使各要点之间完整连贯，可利用衔接过渡词汇firstly，secondly，lastly，to begin with，moreover等连接成一篇60词左右的概要。
参考范文
While some students consider wearing school uniforms is not a good idea，I think it has many benefits.As far as I am concerned，first of all，wearing school uniforms can not only help get rid of discrimination and reduce the peer pressure but it can also enable students to focus more on their school work instead of fashion.In addition，school uniforms withstand wear and tear，so they can save a lot of money for students.

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