资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1．mood n．心情
2．ankle n．脚踝
3．essential adj.极其重要的，必不可少的
4．grin v．露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑
5．deserve v．应得，应受到
6．fame n．名声，名誉
7．fellow n．男人；家伙
8．brand n．品牌，牌子
9．concept n．概念，观念
10．spot n．地点，处所 v．认出；发现
11．whisper v．悄声说，低语
12．roar v．哄笑，大笑；咆哮
13．complicated adj.难处理的；难懂的
14．cheer up (使)高兴起来，(使)振作起来
15．do the trick奏效，达到预期效果
16．crack a smile笑了起来
17．practical joke恶作剧
18．put sb on the spot (故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难堪
19．tell off斥责，责骂
20．fall behind不能按时完成(工作)
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．amusement n．娱乐，消遣→amuse vt.逗乐；逗笑→amusing adj.有趣的；逗人笑的→amused adj.觉得好笑的；愉快的，开心的
2．entertain v．使快乐；招待，款待→entertaining adj.使人愉快的→entertainment n．娱乐；招待
3．examine v．检查(身体)→examination n．考试；检查
4．advertisement n．广告→advertise v．做广告→advertiser n．广告商
5．employer n．雇用者，雇主→employ v．雇用→employee n．雇员→employment n．雇用；聘用→unemployment(反) n．失业(状态)
6．impress v．使钦佩，使留下深刻印象→impression n．印象→impressive adj.令人赞叹的
7．remark n．言论；意见，评论 v．评论；说起→remarkable adj.显著的
8．interaction n．交流→interact v．交流，互动→interactive adj.交互式的；互动的
9．cruel adj.残忍的→cruelty n．残忍→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地
10．gently adv.温和地；轻柔地→gentle adj.温和的；轻柔的
11．conclude v．结束，终止→conclusion n．结论
12．composer n．作曲家→compose v．作曲；组成，构成→composition n．成分；(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．The poor clown in the circus can always keep people amused.n.小丑　n．马戏团
2．Do you know the young lady who is tall and dark with curly hair？adj.卷曲的
3．According to the school rules，every student should wear the school badge.n.徽章
4．A linguist is someone who is good at speaking or learning foreign languages.n.语言学家
5．He is an emotive speaker whose speech can always inspire others.adj.使情绪激动的；有感染力的
6．I must go to the barber’s to have my hair cut this afternoon.n.男理发师
7．I washed，shaved and then hurried out of the house，trying to catch the early bus.v.刮脸，刮胡子
8．My cousin is a mischievous boy who often plays tricks on others.adj.调皮的，淘气的
9．Her witty remarks added a little salt to the conversation.adj.说话风趣的；妙趣横生的
10．Einstein’s equations showed the universe to be expanding.n.等式，方程式
mood n．心情；心境；情绪；氛围 (moody adj.情绪多变的；喜怒无常的)
in a good/bad mood心情好/坏
be/feel in the/no mood for (doing) sth/to do sth 有/没有心情做某事
(1)Deeply depressed，she was in no mood for any amusement.
(2)After the composer got injured，he became very moody(mood) and often lost his temper.
[写作佳句]
(3)(读后续写之情感描写)听到这个好消息，我妹妹如此高兴，兴奋得跳上跳下。
Hearing the good news，my sister was in such a good mood that she jumped up and down in excitement.
amusement n．娱乐，消遣[amuse vt.(提供)消遣；(使)娱乐 amused adj.被逗乐的；觉得好笑的 amusing adj.逗人笑的；有趣的]
(much) to one’s amusement (非常)令某人高兴的是
in/with amusement愉快地
amuse sb/oneself with/by sth以某事/某物逗乐某人/自己
be amused at/by以……为乐；被……逗笑
(1)We listened to his amusing stories in amusement，which kept us amused for a few hours.(amuse)
(2)Much to our amusement，the clown’s false beard fell off，which made the audience burst into laughter.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2021 浙江1月，读后续写)看到这种有趣的情景，我妈妈被逗乐了，开玩笑道：“不要用光了你所有的氧气。”
Seeing the amusing situation，my mom was amused，joking，“Don’t use up all your oxygen.”
entertain v．使快乐；款待(entertainment n．娱乐；招待，款待 entertaining adj.有趣的；令人愉快的)
entertain sb with sth用某物逗乐某人
entertain sb to sth用某物招待某人
to one’s entertainment 使某人高兴的是
(1)To our great entertainment(entertain)，the manager often entertains us with his amusing stories.
(2)I entertained my friends to dinner yesterday evening，which strengthened our friendship.
(3)He is the teacher who can teach advanced math in a clear and entertaining(entertain) way.
[写作佳句]
(4)随着人们生活压力的增加，看电影被认为是一种很好的娱乐方式。
With people’s living stress increasing，watching films is regarded as a good means of entertainment.
impress v．使钦佩，使留下深刻印象(impression n．印象 impressive adj.令人赞叹的)
impress sb with sth＝impress sth on/upon sb 某事给某人留下深刻印象；使某人铭记某事
be impressed with/by/at对……印象深刻；被……打动
make/leave a(n)...impression on/upon sb 给某人留下一个……的印象
(1)My teacher impressed the importance of learning English on/upon me.
＝My teacher impressed me with the importance of learning English.
(2)On arriving at the tea house，the foreign students were impressed by/with/at the unique tea pots and tea cups.
(3)What have you found most impressive(impress) about senior high on the first day
[写作佳句]
(4)(2023 浙江1月，应用文写作)这次活动给我们留下了深刻的印象，激发了我们学生对各种植物的热情。
The activity made/left a deep impression on us/deeply impressed us and aroused the enthusiasm of us students for various plants.
deserve v．应得，应受到；值得(deserving adj.值得的；应得的)
deserve to do sth应该做某事；值得做某事
deserve doing/to be done 值得被做
(1)I was deeply impressed by the composer who deserved praising/to be praised(praise)．
(2)There is no doubt that education is the most deserving(deserve) cause we should spare no effort to do.
[写作佳句]
(3)她是我们学校公认的最负责任、最体贴的老师，因此值得尊敬。
Recognized to be the most responsible and considerate teacher in our school，she deserves to be respected/respecting/respect.
用法点拨　当物作主语时，deserve后接doing，主动形式表示被动意义，相当于接动词不定式的被动形式。need，want，require作“需要”讲时也有类似用法。
remark n．谈论；言论；意见，评述 v．评论；谈论；说起，谈到(remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的)
make remarks/a remark on/upon/about...对……进行评论
remark on/upon...谈论/评论……
remark that...评论……
(1)It’s bad manners to make remarks on/upon/about the appearance of others.
(2)As long as you work hard，you’ll see a slow but remarkable(remark) improvement in your academic performance during the next term.
[写作佳句]
(3)谈到他的成就，他说失败是成功之母。
When it comes to his achievements，he remarks that failure is the mother of success.
spot n．斑点；污点；地点，处所 v．(spotted，spotted)发现；认出；点缀 (spotted adj.有圆点的；有斑点的)
on the spot当场；在现场
spot sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with满是……的斑点；点缀着……
(1)He spotted his friend whispering(whisper) to someone over there.
(2)The young man，who was the only man on the spot，was told to set down what he saw.
[写作佳句]
(3)(2020 浙江7月，读后续写)Elli一发现有一只凶猛的熊正在靠近我们，她就拿出一罐喷雾剂，把喷雾剂对准熊，试图阻止它。
The instant Elli spotted a fierce bear approaching us，she pulled out a can of spray and aimed the spray at the bear，trying to prevent it.
(4)(读后续写之环境描写)我们躺在草地上，凝视着闪烁着星星的夜空。
We lay on the grass，staring at the night sky (which was) spotted with twinkling stars.
whisper v．悄声说，低语 n．低语；耳语
whisper (sth) to sb 对某人小声说(某事)
It is/was whispered that...据秘密传闻……，有人私下说……
in whispers/a whisper耳语地，低声地
(1)The composer whispered to me that she didn’t speak a word at the meeting.
(2)It is whispered that the barber played a practical joke on that famous linguist.
[写作佳句]
(3)他们坐在房间的后面低声谈话。
They sat at the back of the room，talking in a whisper/whispers.
conclude v．断定，推断出；得出结论；(使)结束，终止(conclusion n．结论；推论)
conclude...from...从……中推断出……
conclude sth with sth/by doing sth以(做)……结束……
arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion总之；最后
(1)She concluded her speech with a funny story，which cheered up all the audience.
(2)We can safely draw the conclusion(conclude) that more practice is essential to our daily study.
[写作佳句]
(3)(应用文写作之感谢信)总之，正是你的慷慨帮助让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。
In conclusion，it was your generous help that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable.
(4)我从自己的经历中得出结论：“不劳则无获。”
①I concluded from my own experience，“No pain，no gain.”(conclude)
②I came to/reached/arrived at/drew a conclusion from my own experience，“No pain，no gain.”(conclusion)
Ⅰ.一词多义
spot A.n.地点　B.n.污点；斑点　C.v.认出；发现
1．All apples with soft spots were rejected. B
2．On their arrival，the team began to examine the spot. A
3．The moment he stepped out of the airport，he spotted his wife in the crowd. C
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．They were branded as liars and cheaters.给……冠以恶名
2．He roared with laughter，shaking in his chair.放声大笑
3．The exhibition contains nothing that is worthy of remark.引人注目；显耀
训练1 　Vocabulary(A)
分值：47.5分
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题；每小题1分，共10分)
1．It is said that a big indoor amusement park will be built in our city.
2．When I was looking after the girl，I spared no effort to entertain(使快乐) her.
3．To be honest，being told off in front of my classmates really put me on the spot.
4．Let me conclude my speech with a saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.
5．It is essential(极其重要的) that we should have a physical examination on a regular basis.
6．He made a number of rude remarks(评论) about the food，which annoyed the hotel manager.
7．The wind gently moved through the bushes around him as if whispering(低语) to the leaves.
8．What impresses me most about the performance is that cautious attitude and professional spirit.
9．No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore deserves(值得) our respect.
10．Our every emotion and mood can be conveyed with the use of facial expressions and body language.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．The linguist’s witty lecture left a deep impression(impress) on me.
2．She spotted the barber shaving(shave) himself in front of the mirror.
3．The mischievous boy was caught playing tricks on a shy girl on the spot.
4．We had to talk with each other in whispers because others were still sleeping.
5．Our plan didn’t do the trick，which made me in no mood to enjoy the big dinner.
6．It is true that she has made a mistake，but she hardly deserves to lose(lose) her job.
7．We found the advertisement for their brand not only entertaining(entertain) but also informative.
8．The young doctor amused himself by/with books about health care while studying in the university.
9．We can easily draw a conclusion(conclude) from his story that nothing is impossible if we put our hearts into it.
10．Confucius was a remarkable(remark) historical figure whose teachings have had a profound influence on Chinese culture and society.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
Leslie Jones is a well-known comedian and actress，best known for her time on “Saturday Night Live”(SNL) and her work in stand-up comedy.Her journey into comedy started unexpectedly.
When she was a college freshman，a friend signed her up for a campus comedy contest.Despite having no previous experience in stand-up，she immediately felt comfortable on stage and won the contest.This experience lit her passion for comedy.However，Leslie Jones faced challenges in pursuing(追求) a professional comedy career.
At the age of 19，she received advice from Jamie Foxx，who suggested that she needed more life experiences to draw material from for her comedy.Foxx advised her to go out，live life，work various jobs，and gain a broader range of experiences to enrich her comedy.Jones took Foxx’s advice to heart and took on a series of jobs，including working as a justice of the peace at weddings and even working for a construction company owned by Scientologists.Throughout these experiences，she kept her ultimate goal of becoming a comedian in mind.
In her memoir，Leslie Jones，she reflects on her upbringing as a military brat，her journey through the male-dominated(男性占主导地位的) world of comedy clubs，and her eventual breakthrough when she joined the cast of SNL in 2014 at the age of 47.
One unique aspect of Leslie Jones’ comedy style is her commitment to physical comedy，even if it sometimes results in injury.She’s willing to take risks and use her physicality to get laughs from her audience.She’s known for her energetic and bold performances，which often involve physical performance or exaggerated movements.
In summary，Leslie Jones’ comedy career began unexpectedly in college，and despite facing initial challenges，she pursued a variety of life experiences to enrich her comedy.Her devotion to physical comedy and her unique approach have contributed to her success in the entertainment industry.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名的喜剧演员Leslie Jones的喜剧经历以及她独特的喜剧风格。
1．What do we know about Leslie Jones
A．She is afraid of standing on stage.
B．She is famous for performing comedy.
C．She has challenges in contacting people.
D．She starts her comedy career on schedule.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Leslie Jones is a well-known comedian and actress，best known for her time on ‘Saturday Night Live’(SNL) and her work in stand-up comedy.”可知，Leslie Jones以表演喜剧而闻名。故选B。
2．Why did Leslie Jones do all kinds of work
A．To make her comedy colorful.
B．To give some advice to Foxx.
C．To remember her ultimate goal.
D．To keep her friendship with Foxx.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At the age of 19，she received advice from Jamie Foxx，...Foxx advised her to go out，live life，work various jobs，and gain a broader range of experiences to enrich her comedy.”可知，Leslie Jones去从事各种各样的工作是为了积累生活经历，让她的喜剧更加丰富多彩。故选A。
3．What made Leslie Jones successful in comedy
A．Her spirit of taking risks.
B．Her exaggerated eye contact.
C．Her unique physical performance.
D．Her desire for gaining experiences.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Her devotion to physical comedy and her unique approach have contributed to her success in the entertainment industry.”可知，Leslie Jones独特的身体表演使她在喜剧领域获得成功。故选C。
4．Which of the following best describes Leslie Jones
A．Responsible. B．Easy-going.
C．Self-confident. D．Hard-working.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句、第五段前两句和最后一段中的“In summary，Leslie Jones’ comedy career began unexpectedly in college，and despite facing initial challenges，she pursued a variety of life experiences to enrich her comedy.”可知，Leslie Jones并非科班出身的喜剧演员，最初面临挑战，但她通过不同的生活经历丰富自己的喜剧，最终获得了成功。由此推知，她是一个非常努力、刻苦的人。故选D。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Chemists have spent the past century trying to make plastics break down in seawater.Most plastics take centuries to fully break down in the ocean. 1 However，this may change.Scientists have designed a new kind of plastic that can break down in seawater within weeks，not decades or more.
2 It is known as polylactide(聚乳酸) or PLA.It’s made by linking many building blocks into a long string.Scientists had hoped PLA would quickly break down in the environment.And in some places it does，but not in seawater.After three years in the ocean，PLA remains largely unchanged.
Timo Rhein Berger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands. 3 For part of that work，he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.They put those breaking points to places where monomers(单体) in the PLA molecules are linked.Then，they soaked(浸泡) their samples in artificial seawater.In this way，they measured how fast the PLA broke down.As the team had hoped，seawater attacked the weakened links between monomers.That could tear the PLA chain apart. 4
When the researchers weakened 15% of PLA’s monomer links，the PLA broke down entirely within just two weeks.When they weakened only 3% of the links，the breakdown took about two years. 5 This can be achieved by adjusting how many weakened links it has.
A．Plastics are useful.
B．That’s why plastics make up 80% of ocean trash.
C．So researchers have much confidence in their efforts.
D．His work has focused on speeding PLA’s breakdown.
E．Scientists created the now-popular plastic in the 1930s.
F．This means the team can design how quickly PLA breaks down in seawater.
G．The more breaking points researchers added，the faster the PLA broke down.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家们设计了一种新型塑料，可以在海水中迅速分解。
1．答案　B
解析　根据前文“Most plastics take centuries to fully break down in the ocean.”可知，塑料在海洋中难以分解，这会导致海洋垃圾中塑料占比很高，与B项“这就是为什么塑料占海洋垃圾的80%”上下文一致，故选B。
2．答案　E
解析　根据下文“It is known as polylactide...or PLA.”可知，空处会提到一种塑料，即PLA。E项“科学家在20世纪30年代创造了现在流行的塑料”与下文衔接紧密，下文中的It指代E项中的the now-popular plastic，故选E。
3．答案　D
解析　根据上文“Timo Rhein Berger is a PhD student at the University of Twente in the Netherlands.”可知，本段内容与Timo Rhein Berger有关，结合下文“For part of that work，he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.”可知，空处应为他的工作。D项“他的工作重点是加速PLA的分解”与上下文一致，His work与For part of that work前后呼应，故选D。
4．答案　G
解析　根据上文“For part of that work，he became part of a team that just added some biology-inspired breaking points to PLA.”与“In this way，they measured how fast the PLA broke down...That could tear the PLA chain apart.”可知，增加突破点能加速PLA分解，G项“研究人员添加的突破点越多，PLA的分解速度就越快”与上下文一致，breaking points为原词复现，符合文意，故选G。
5．答案　F
解析　根据上文“When the researchers weakened 15% of PLA’s monomer links，the PLA broke down entirely within just two weeks.When they weakened only 3% of the links，the breakdown took about two years.”可知，研究团队可以控制PLA的分解速度了，F项“这意味着团队可以设计PLA在海水中分解的速度”与上下文一致，符合文意，故选F。
训练2　Vocabulary(B)
分值：35分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
The life of an actor appears attractive and many young people dream about becoming one.But the truth is，it is very hard work.If you’re successful，there are deadlines to meet，appointments to keep and the press to deal with.If you’re not successful，then life is extremely tough.
I remember when I started out，I had to search the advertisement board at my drama school every day to look for acting jobs.Drama school was expensive and I needed extra cash to help pay the fees.I welcomed every small job.I played extras in many crowd scenes and became a confident participant in a lot of TV commercials for hair shampoo，soap and washing powder.
I had been working for about two years before I got my lucky break.One day，as I was passing the drama school，I decided to go in to check the notice board.There was nothing on it and I was just leaving when the secretary came along the corridor with a piece of paper.She asked me how I was and I told her life was hard and work was difficult to find.The next moment，she put the paper in my hand and walked away.My hands were shaking as I unfolded the paper，full of expectation.To my surprise，it was an audition(试演) for a clown(小丑) for the Canadian circus.I couldn’t stop myself from laughing.I had expected an audition with a famous director for a new film!
When I was at drama school，there had been a course in acrobatics and clown tricks.I had gained top marks in this course for originality and daring.Later I went to the audition feeling very strange.This was not what I’d had in mind when I enrolled in drama school.To my surprise，the job as a clown turned out to be exactly what I wanted.I loved every moment of getting dressed up and putting on the make-up.I had the opportunity to travel the world and I was more than an actor；I was an entertainer as well.I had visited over 32 different countries and entertained millions of people.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者如何从不断找工作到成为一名小丑演员的经历和心得。
1．The first paragraph is about how it is to be an actor，whether you’re successful or not.
A．easy B．attractive
C．enjoyable D．difficult
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句至第四句可知，第一段是关于当演员有多难，不管你成功与否。故选D。
2．According to paragraph 3，why did the author go into the drama school
A．To look for a job.
B．To see the secretary.
C．To collect a piece of paper.
D．To put a notice on the notice board.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句“一天，当我经过戏剧学校时，我决定进去看看布告牌”可推知，作者去戏剧学校是为了找工作。故选A。
3．Which of the following can best describe the author’s feeling when he unfolded the paper
A．Extremely frightened.
B．Feeling anxious and excited.
C．Very worried.
D．Trembling with fear.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段第六句“当我满怀期待地打开那张纸时，我的手在发抖”可知，当作者打开纸时，感觉既紧张又兴奋。故选B。
4．Which of the following would be the best title
A．The Life of a TV Actor
B．Acrobatics and Clown Tricks
C．More than an Actor
D．Going to Drama School
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段中“I was more than an actor”和全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何从不断找工作到成为一名小丑演员的经历，作者觉得扮演小丑挺好的，不仅能做演员，还能娱乐别人。故选C。
B
Video conferencing has been around for more than 20 years.Until December 2019，though，you would find that many people needing to attend a meeting remotely would be calling from a real conference room full of their teammates.Today，we’re routinely holding video conferences that are 100% virtual.And this is creating a problem that technology can’t fix.
The problem is us，specifically the fact that we haven’t evolved socially to the point where we can bear much separation.So much of our well-being and work productivity is decided on how close we are physically.The removal of that for any period of time can be severely damaging.One surprising victim of social distancing is laughter.
Normally people laugh about 18 times per day.And 97% of that time we’re laughing with others—we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than to laugh alone.Think about it: how often when you and your friends laugh at something that is actually funny Research shows that 80% of what people laugh at is really not that funny.They laugh in order to laugh with others.Just as everyone starts yawning(打哈欠) when just one person yawns，most people can’t help but laugh when those around them do.This is why TV comedy shows often use pre-recorded laugh tracks.
Laughing in response to other people’s laughing is not just a behavioral phenomenon.When we laugh，our body produces two key chemicals: endorphin which helps relieve pain and sets off feelings of pleasure，and dopamine which can improve learning，motivation and attention.In fact，studies show that people can stand 15% more pain simply by laughing for a few minutes beforehand.Laughter is also associated with higher motivation and productivity at work.
In today’s home-alone，virtual-team world，this is exactly what you as a team leader should be doing: for your team members to stay healthy and productive，you need to get them to laugh more and stress less.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是由于社交距离的限制，人们见面的机会减少，从而导致笑声在减少，同时介绍了大笑的重要意义。
5．What is the problem mentioned in the first two paragraphs
A．A distant relationship.
B．Unexpected social evolution.
C．Decreased laughter.
D．Removed social distance.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据首段最后两句“Today，we’re...And this is creating a problem that technology can’t fix.”以及第二段最后一句可知，由于社交距离的限制，人们见面的机会减少，从而导致笑声在减少。故选C。
6．According to paragraph 3，what can we learn about laughing
A．Laughing alone is common.
B．Laughing is for fun.
C．Laughing starts with yawning.
D．Laughing comes more in groups.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Normally people laugh about 18 times per day.And 97% of that time we’re laughing with others—we are 30 times more likely to laugh with others than to laugh alone.”可知，研究发现大部分时间人们是与别人一起笑，而且与别人一起笑的倾向是独自笑的30倍，由此可知，一群人在一起笑得会更多。故选D。
7．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．The motivation behind laughter.
B．The chemicals regarding laughter.
C．The working system of laughter.
D．The significance of laughter.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据第四段中的“When we laugh，our body produces two key chemicals: endorphin which helps relieve pain and sets off feelings of pleasure，and dopamine which can improve learning，motivation and attention...Laughter is also associated with higher motivation and productivity at work.”可知，该段主要介绍的是大笑带来的好处和意义。故选D。
8．What would the author most probably discuss next
A．How to boost laughter.
B．How to better a team.
C．How to reduce stress.
D．How to increase productivity.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据尾段可知，团队的领导者应该做到的是让团队的人多笑，减少压力，再结合上文中介绍的大笑的意义可推测，接下来应该介绍的是团队的领导者该如何让自己团队的人多笑。故选A。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
Although Laughter Yoga definitely includes some yoga，don’t expect it to have much in common with the yoga classes 1. (offer) at your local studio or gym.It promotes the use of laughter as a form of physical exercise，attaching 2. (much) importance to the former than to the latter.
Laughter Yoga 3. (create) in the mid-1990s as a social experiment.In 1995，Dr Madan Kataria called on a group of students in a park 4. (test) whether adding regular laughter to people’s lives would improve 5. (they) well-being.Kataria also introduced deep breathing and simple yoga moves 6. the exercises.
Medical research 7. (suggest) that language is a good way to reduce stress and help people feel good.Kataria Laughter Clubs are popping up in response to people’s need to handle 8. (press)．
Kataria also offers books and DVDs to people 9. don’t have access to a local Laughter Club.However，connecting with other humans is 10. big part of Laughter Yoga’s success in helping people feel better and experience more joy.
1．答案　offered
解析　考查过去分词。offer与the yoga classes为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填offered。
2．答案　more
解析　考查比较级。句中“than”提示，需用much的比较级修饰importance。故填more。
3．答案　was created
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。Laughter Yoga(单数名词)和create为被动关系，谓语动词create需要用被动语态。in the mid-1990s是过去时间，谓语用一般过去时，助动词用单数。故填was created。
4．答案　to test
解析　考查动词不定式。call on sb to do sth“号召某人干某事”为动词加复合宾语结构，动词不定式在句中作宾补。故填to test。
5．答案　their
解析　考查代词。well-being为名词，需要用形容词性物主代词限定。故填their。
6．答案　into
解析　考查介词。introduce...into...“把……引进……”为固定短语，故填into。
7．答案　has suggested
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文可知，此处应该用现在完成时，表达过去的动作对现在的影响，表示“医学研究已经表明”。主语Medical research为第三人称单数。故填has suggested。
8．答案　pressure
解析　考查名词。handle为及物动词，后面需要接名词作宾语。press的名词形式为pressure，故填pressure。
9．答案　who
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此句为含有定语从句的复合句。先行词为people，who指代people，指人，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。故填who。
10．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。part为可数名词，此处表示泛指，big的首字母发音为辅音音素。故填a。Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．Why a clown doctor is so funny.
B．A little girl whose ankle was injured.
C．What a clown doctor does in the hospital.
D．A clown doctor isn’t satisfied with his job.
答案　C
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What do you know about the author’s job according to paragraph 1
A．He is a traditional doctor.
B．He works as a clown in a circus.
C．He works to ease people’s tension.
D．He works in hospitals to bring people joy and laughter.
答案　D
2．What does the author do when the doctor examines Lara’s ankle
A．He helps Lara find her sock.
B．He attracts her attention by doing a magic trick.
C．He assists the doctor to examine her ankle.
D．He says something to comfort her parents.
答案　B
3．Why did the author choose to be a clown doctor
A．He was trained for this career.
B．He liked the white coat and red nose.
C．Because of his own childhood experience.
D．Laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better.
答案　C
4．How do clown doctors cheer up patients
A．They do magic tricks，sing songs，tell stories and silly jokes.
B．They show videos to the patients to entertain them.
C．They work together with the hospital staff to dance for the patients.
D．They make faces to please the patients.
答案　A
5．Which of the following can we use to describe Larry
A．Kind and wise.
B．Brave and careful.
C．Positive and intelligent.
D．Humorous and caring.
答案　D
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
I walk through the doors into the waiting area,1.where anxious parents do what they can to comfort nervous and crying children.I spot that a small girl called Lara is spending her time 2.crying(cry) in pain，whose ankle is twice its normal size as she fell off her bicycle.Although the doctors and nurses will treat her injury，it’s my job 3.to make(make) her feel better.
Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which means clown doctors can be 4.helpful(help)．We entertain the children by doing magic tricks，singing songs，telling stories 5.and silly jokes.We have to be very sensitive and work 6.closely(close) with the doctors and nurses.While the doctor concentrates 7.on examining Lara’s ankle，I get her attention by doing a magic trick.Although she is clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look 8.has been replaced(replace)—first by a small smile，and then by loud laughter.
I hope that clown doctors help make the hospital 9.a friendlier place to visit.After all，it really is true that “laughter is the 10.best(good) medicine”．
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．As I approach the hospital wearing my white coat，I look just like any other doctor.(P2 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中As引导的从句是时间状语从句；wearing my white coat是现在分词短语作伴随状语；look like意为“看起来像”。
汉语翻译：当我穿着白大褂走向医院的时候，我看起来跟其他医生一样。
2．I walk through the doors into the waiting area，where there’s a familiar atmosphere of boredom(bore) and tension.(P2 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中where引导的是非限制性定语从句，其先行词是the waiting area。
汉语翻译：我穿过一道道门进入候诊区，这里充斥着常见的厌烦和紧张情绪。
3．People sit uncomfortably(comfortably) on plastic chairs，looking through old magazines，all of which have been read(read) hundreds of times previously.(P2 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中looking through old magazines是现在分词短语作伴随状语；“all of which...previously”是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词old magazines。
汉语翻译：人们别扭地坐在塑料椅子上，翻阅着那些先前已经被读过数百次的旧杂志。
4．In the middle of this particular scene I spot(注意到) a small girl whose ankle is twice its normal size.(P2 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中whose引导定语从句，其先行词是a small girl；twice its normal size是倍数表达。
汉语翻译：就在这样的场景里，我注意到一个小女孩，她的脚踝肿成了原来的两倍。
5．I speak with the on-duty nurse，who tells me that Lara’s parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell(fall) off her bicycle.(P2 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中who引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是the on-duty nurse；on-duty意为“当班的，值班的”；that引导宾语从句，作tells的宾语。rush sb to...意为“把某人匆忙送往……”。
汉语翻译：我和当班护士交谈时她告诉我，劳拉从自行车上摔下来以后，她的父母匆忙把她送到医院。
6．Although it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury，it’s my job to make(make) her feel better.(P2 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中Although引导让步状语从句；“it’s the doctors and nurses who will treat her injury”是强调句式，强调了主语the doctors and nurses；主句中的it是形式主语。
汉语翻译：尽管为她治疗伤痛的是医生和护士，让她的心情变好却是我的工作。
7．We are specially trained(train) clowns who work as part of a programme known as “hospital clowning”．(P3 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中who引导定语从句，先行词是clowns；known as...是过去分词作后置定语，修饰a programme。
汉语翻译：我们是受过专门培训的小丑，是“医院小丑”项目的成员。
8．Visiting hospitals and other health care facilities，we clown doctors work together with medical professionals.(P3 Para.4)
结构分析：此句为简单句，其中Visiting...facilities是现在分词短语作状语，表明visit与主句主语we之间是主动关系；we clown doctors中的clown doctors是主语we的同位语。
汉语翻译：作为小丑医生，我们要走访医院和其他的医疗保健机构，和专业医护人员共同工作。
9．And my magic medicine does indeed seem to do(do) the trick.(P4 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为简单句，其中does indeed seem 是“助动词＋do/does/did”结构，强调谓语动词。
汉语翻译：而我的灵药似乎确实取得了成效。
10．Well，when I take off my wig and my red nose，I’m still wearing a big smile(笑容满面)，as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day.(P4 Para.6)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，其中when引导时间状语从句，主句中又包含as引导的原因状语从句。
汉语翻译：当我摘下假发和红鼻子的时候，我仍然笑容满面，因为我记得这天所有的乐趣和欢笑。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
动名词作主语
Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them.(P3 Para.3)
作为一名小丑医生意味着我可以用逗乐人们的方式帮助他们。
Seeing their daughter so much happier has in turn made Lara’s parents more relaxed.(P4 Para.5)
看到女儿破涕为笑，劳拉的父母也松了口气。
结构分析：这两句中的Being a clown doctor和Seeing their daughter so much happier为动名词短语在句子中作主语。第一个句子是复合句，I can...them是省略了that的宾语从句；第二个句子为简单句，句中的in turn意为“转而”，made Lara’s parents more relaxed是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。
单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词常常使用第三人称单数形式。
动名词短语作主语可以用it作形式主语，常见句型有：
It is no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/浪费时间。
It is useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没有用的/是值得的。
(1)错过这班车意味着还要在伦敦等半个小时。
Missing the bus means waiting for another half an hour in London.
(2)沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。
Travelling along the old Silk Road is an entertaining and rewarding experience.
(3)我认为，电视看太多是浪费时间。
①As far as I am concerned，watching too much TV is a waste of time.
②As far as I am concerned，it’s a waste of time watching too much TV.
(4)正如谚语所说：“覆水难收。”
Just as the saying goes，“It’s no use crying over spilt milk.”
keep＋宾语＋宾补
We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses，who keep us updated on each patient.(P4 Para.4)
我们必须非常善解人意，并且与医护人员密切合作，他们会为我们提供每个病人的最新情况。
结构分析：本句中的keep us updated是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构；update与宾语us之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构常见的形式有：
keep＋宾语＋形容词/副词/介词短语/名词
keep＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或状态的持续)/过去分词(表示被动)
(1)这个女人总是尽力让她的房子保持整洁。
The woman always tries her best to keep her house tidy.
(2)她一贯让别人等很长时间。
It is typical of her to keep others waiting for a long time.
(3)我们最好让经理知道这里正在发生的事情。
We’d better keep the manager informed of what’s happening here.
课文重点词块默写
1．看起来像look like
2．浏览；快速查看look through
3．值班的护士the on-duty nurse
4．把某人快速送往…… rush sb to
5．从自行车上摔下来fall off the bicycle
6．痛苦地哭泣cry in pain
7．做得很好do a great job
8．为……设计；打算给……用的be designed for
9．很，非常more than a little
10．医疗保健机构health care facilities
11．(使)高兴起来；(使)振作起来cheer up
12．通常，往往；一贯more often than not
13．变魔术do magic tricks
14．想要做某事feel like doing sth
15．与……密切合作work closely with
16．给某人提供关于某事的最新消息keep sb updated on sth
17．奏效，达到预期效果do the trick
18．专心于…… concentrate on
19．用……替换…… replace...by...
20．至于；关于as for
21．摘掉；脱下take off
22．笑容满面wear a big smile
23．毕竟after all
训练3　Understanding ideas(A)
分值：40分
Ⅰ.单句写作(应用文写作之人物介绍)(共15分)
1．我的叔叔是一名小丑医生，他每周都会走访医院和其他医疗保健机构。(who引导定语从句)
My uncle works as a clown doctor who visits hospitals and other health care facilities on a weekly basis.
2．他们的主要职责是逗乐年轻患者，让他们的家人和医护人员高兴起来。(动名词作主语；entertain；cheer up)
Entertaining young patients and cheering up their families as well as the medical staff are their main responsibilities.
3．他们努力工作来缓解病人的紧张情绪，让他们保持积极和愉快。(keep＋宾语＋宾补)
They work hard to ease the patients’ tension and keep them positive and delighted.
4．正是他们的辛勤工作和努力使医院成为一个更快乐的地方。(强调句型；make＋宾语＋宾补)
It is their hard work and efforts that make hospitals a happier place.
5．他们和那些专业医生一样，的确值得我们尊敬和钦佩。(“助动词＋动词原形”强调谓语动词)
They，just as those professional doctors，do deserve our respect and admiration.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
My uncle works as a clown doctor who visits hospitals and other health care facilities on a weekly basis.Entertaining young patients and cheering up their families as well as the medical staff are their main responsibilities.They work hard to ease the patients’ tension and keep them positive and delighted.
It is their hard work and efforts that make hospitals a happier place.As far as I am concerned，they，just as those professional doctors，do deserve our respect and admiration.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
The old saying that “Laughter is the best medicine” may contain an element of truth when it comes to heart health.A research has demonstrated that laughing causes the tissue inside the heart to expand and increases oxygen flow around the body.
“Our study found that laughter treatment increased the functional capacity of the cardiovascular(心血管的) system，and patients with heart disease who engaged in a course of laughter treatment had reduced inflammation(炎症) and had better health，” said the lead author，Prof.Marco Saffi，of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre in Brazil.
In the trial，scientists carried out a first-of-its-kind study to examine if laughter treatment could improve symptoms of patients with heart disease.It involved 26 adults with an average age of 64，all diagnosed with the heart disease caused by plaque(斑块) build-up in the walls of the arteries(动脉) that supply blood to the heart.Over three months，half were asked to watch two different hour-long comedy programmes each week，including funny popular sitcoms.The other half watched two different serious documentaries about heavy topics such as politics or the Amazon rainforest.
At the end of the 12-week study period，the comedy group improved by 10% in a test measuring how much oxygen their heart could pump around the body.The group also improved in a second measure that tested how well arteries can expand.They also had a blood test to measure several inflammatory markers，which indicate how much plaque has built up in the blood vessels and whether people are at risk of heart attack or stroke.The results showed that their inflammatory markers had significantly reduced compared with the documentary group.
“When patients with heart disease arrive at hospital，they usually have a lot of inflammatory markers，” said Saffi.“It’s really good news that laughter treatment is a good intervention that could help reduce inflammation and decrease the risk of heart attack and stroke.”
1．How does laughter help patients with heart disease
A．It makes the tissue inside the heart become larger.
B．It lowers the oxygen flow around the patients’ body.
C．It reduces the function of the cardiovascular system.
D．It increases inflammation and results in better health.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据首段中的“A research has demonstrated that laughing causes the tissue inside the heart to expand and increases oxygen flow around the body.”可知，研究发现，笑能使心脏内部的组织扩张，即笑可以使病人心脏内部的组织变大。故选A。
2．What can we infer from the research
A．The research participants were all old man above 60.
B．The documentary group worried about the Amazon rainforest.
C．The comedy group must have laughed while watching sitcoms.
D．The comedy group had more inflammatory markers than the documentary group.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据首段中的“A research has demonstrated that laughing causes the tissue inside the heart to expand and increases oxygen flow around the body.”可知，研究发现，笑能使心脏内部的组织扩张，增加全身的氧气流动，并结合第四段中的“At the end of the 12-week study period，the comedy group improved by 10% in a test measuring how much oxygen their heart could pump around the body.”可知，在实验结束时喜剧组实验对象的心脏向全身泵送的氧气量增加，由此可推断，喜剧组实验对象观看搞笑情景剧时笑了。故选C。
3．How many tests did the participants have at the end of the research
A．2. B．3. C．4. D．5.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，在实验结束后，他们接受了心脏给全身泵送氧气量的检测、动脉扩张程度的检测以及血液检测，由此可知，他们接受了 3 个检测。故选B。
4．What’s the best title of this article
A．Laughter Treatment—A Powerful Weapon to Cure Heart Disease
B．Laughter Treatment—An Effective Method to Defeat Heart Disease
C．Laughter Treatment—A Helpful Way to Lower the Risk of Heart Disease
D．Laughter Treatment—A Perfect Therapy to Save Lives from Heart Disease
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。 根据首段第二句话和第二段可知，研究发现笑能使心脏内部的组织扩张，增加身体的氧气流动，并根据尾段中的最后一句且结合文中介绍的笑在降低心脏病风险方面的影响的实验可知，本文主要讲的是笑在降低心脏病风险方面有很大的作用。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
Dogs are our friends.Taking your dog to work with you can be great for 1 . That was what Steyaert，who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market learned after 2 her dog Nelson there. At first，she did so just to prevent him from being 3 during the day. She put a blanket in front of her stand so that Nelson could sit there 4 and take in everything around him.
Soon Steyaert realized that Nelson’s presence would 5 shoppers walking by. “He lifts his paw to greet people，” Steyaert said. “He knows how to steal their 6 .And people’s behaviour made me 7 . I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”
The 8 Nelson gets from strangers passing by varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love. Many people have 9 him over the years. Steyaert，in turn，has gained more 10 within her community. “It happens often that people 11 me through Nelson，” Steyaert said.
Besides interesting many shoppers，Nelson has also 12 some people. For example，one day a girl asked Steyaert if she could pet Nelson. She told Steyaert her dog had just passed away and that it was 13 to see and pet Nelson. That encouraged Steyaert to 14 her influential act of taking Nelson to her workplace.
While Nelson’s presence in the market 15 Steyaert’s sales，it’s their relationship that benefits much more from it. “He’s my best friend and always at my side，” Steyaert said.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。几年来，在露天市场卖女装的斯泰耶特都带着她的狗狗纳尔逊去上班，纳尔逊吸引了很多路人的注意，给斯泰耶特带来了很多生意，也跟很多人成为朋友，甚至治愈了他们，更重要的是，这让斯泰耶特和纳尔逊的关系受益良多。
1．A.health B．business
C．education D．exercise
答案　B
解析　business生意；education教育；exercise锻炼。根据后文“who sells women’s clothing in an outdoor market”可知，此处是指带狗上班对生意会很有好处。故选B。
2．A.training B．losing
C．bringing D．buying
答案　C
解析　train训练；lose失去；bring带来；buy购买。根据前文“Taking your dog to work with you”可知，此处是指带着狗去市场之后。故选C。
3．A.alone B．dirty
C．lazy D．impolite
答案　A
解析　alone孤独的；lazy懒惰的；impolite不礼貌的。根据“during the day”和“prevent him from being”可知，此处是指防止它在白天孤单。故选A。
4．A.quietly B．freely
C．curiously D．comfortably
答案　D
解析　quietly安静地；freely自由地；curiously好奇地；comfortably舒适地。根据“She put a blanket in front of her stand”可知，此处是指纳尔逊可以舒服地坐在那里。故选D。
5．A.terrify B．attract
C．rescue D．annoy
答案　B
解析　terrify使惊吓；attract吸引；rescue拯救；annoy使恼怒。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊的出现会吸引路过的顾客。故选B。
6．A.hearts B．customers
C．seats D．dreams
答案　A
解析　customer顾客；seat座位。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊知道如何偷走他们的心。故选A。
7．A.anxious B．disappointed
C．hopeless D．surprised
答案　D
解析　anxious焦虑的；disappointed失望的；hopeless绝望的；surprised惊讶的。根据后文“I never thought passers-by would pet a stranger’s dog so often.”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特感到惊讶。故选D。
8．A.skill B．encouragement
C．attention D．knowledge
答案　C
解析　skill技巧；encouragement鼓励；attention关注；knowledge知识。根据“varies from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指路过的陌生人对纳尔逊的关注度各不相同。故选C。
9．A.befriended B．chosen
C．forgotten D．raised
答案　A
解析　befriend成为……的朋友；choose选择；forget忘记；raise抚养。根据前文“from simply turning their heads to showing great love”可知，此处是指许多人都和它成为朋友。故选A。
10．A.income B．power
C．trust D．fame
答案　D
解析　income收入；power力量；trust信任；fame名气。根据后文“It happens often that people me through Nelson”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特在她的社区里获得了更多的名气。故选D。
11．A.guide B．recognize
C．contact D．praise
答案　B
解析　guide指导；recognize认识，认出；contact联络；praise表扬。根据“through Nelson”可知，此处是指人们通过狗狗纳尔逊认识主人斯泰耶特。故选B。
12．A.healed B．followed
C．partnered D．admired
答案　A
解析　heal治愈；follow跟随；partner成为搭档；admire钦佩。根据后文“She told Steyaert that her dog had just passed away...to her workplace.”可知，此处是指纳尔逊治愈了一些人。故选A。
13．A.interesting B．difficult
C．heartwarming D．discouraging
答案　C
解析　interesting有趣的；difficult困难的；heartwarming暖心的；discouraging令人沮丧的。根据“to see and pet Nelson”可知，此处是指看到并抚摸纳尔逊是一件很温暖的事。故选C。
14．A.change B．continue
C．reconsider D．record
答案　B
解析　continue继续；reconsider重新考虑；record记录。根据“That encouraged Steyaert”可知，此处是指斯泰耶特继续她的有影响力的行为。故选B。
15．A.cuts down B．subscribes to
C．tracks down D．contributes to
答案　D
解析　cut down减少；subscribe to赞成，订阅；track down追踪，查找；contribute to有助于，促成。根据前文可知，纳尔逊的出现吸引了很多顾客，有助于斯泰耶特的销售。故选D。
训练4　Understanding ideas(B)
分值：32.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
I fell in love with music from a young age and often sat down making a few songs of my own.What would life be like, I wondered, without a beautiful song In 1992, I made two love songs to my darling wife and watched tears run down her face as I sang.“Sam，” she said earnestly, “Your songs should be heard by more people.”
She got my ballads and started bothering various media people about me, her singing barber husband.Two radio stations took an interest and played the songs.After the programme was aired, I became known in our community as the Singing Barber.
The biggest surprise, however, was still to come.I received a call from a music promoter who offered me a long-term recording contract.He explained that he would be investing a lot of money to market my songs.I needed to be wholly focused on selling my records all over Australia.
But I hesitated.
My friends all told me to go for it.And Mary also thought I should do.“Go, Sam.I’ll manage with the family...it’ll be OK.”
I watched my daughter and son playing in the backyard.Soon they would both be in high school and where would I be I was so used to my family turning to me for love and support.If I were to start a singing career, I would not only miss them terribly, but I’d also certainly miss out on watching them grow up.Signing this contract would put a huge gap between my family and me and I couldn’t bear it.My family was my life.So I refused the music promoter’s offer.I’m still making music.I’m rich in love and I have no regrets.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者热爱音乐并得到了一个可以开展自己音乐生涯的机会，但为了家庭，作者放弃了这个机会，因为在他看来，家庭更重要。
1．When the author was offered the contract, most of his friends .
A．envied him B．laughed at him
C．encouraged him D．didn’t believe him
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“My friends all told me to go for it.”可知，当作者收到合同时，他的朋友们都让他去试一试，这是对他的鼓励。故选C项。
2．Why did the author give up the contract
A．Because his wife was strongly against it.
B．Because the pay was not attractive enough.
C．Because he wanted to care about his two kids.
D．Because he didn’t want his family life damaged.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“I was so used to my family ...”可知，作者习惯了自己的家庭生活，如果接受合同，那意味着和家人分离，无法看着孩子成长，会损害他的家庭生活。因此，作者放弃合同是因为他不想他的家庭生活受到损害。故选D项。
3．According to the passage，what can we infer
A．The author used to be a country singer.
B．The author preferred his present life.
C．The author went on the road to fame.
D．The author regretted giving up his contract.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Signing this contract would put a huge gap between my family and me and I couldn’t bear it.My family was my life.So I refused the music promoter’s offer.”可知，作者为了家庭放弃了音乐合同，但他没有遗憾，他喜欢现在的生活，因为他拥有家人的爱。故选B项。
4．What does the author mainly intend to tell us
A．One should know himself.
B．Interest is the best teacher.
C．Family should come first.
D．Every dog has its day.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。通读全文，结合最后一段关键句“Signing this contract...music promoter’s offer.”可知，文章主要讲述了作者热爱音乐并得到了一个可以开展自己音乐生涯的机会，但为了家庭，作者放弃了这个机会，因为在他看来，家庭更重要。故选C项。
B
Keeping the Spirits Up
NASA has a new job listing，and it’s no joke.The US space agency(机构) is looking for a “joker” to join their planned mission(任务) to Mars.
A mission to Mars is no laughing matter.On average，the red planet is 140 million miles(225 million kilometers) away from Earth.A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft.And Mars has a communications delay(延迟) of 20 minutes.This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply，when an emergency happens.
“When you’re living with others in a confined space for a long period of time，such as on a mission to Mars，problems are likely to occur，” Jeffrey Johnson，a scientist at the University of Florida，told The Guardian.
This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor.“These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together，” Johnson said.
In stressful situations，perhaps humor is a way to know we aren’t alone.By laughing together，we share our stress.Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.
There are other examples of team “clowns”．One example is the journey to the South Pole(南极) led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.It was a difficult journey，full of danger.Adolf Lindstrom，a cook at Amundsen’s team，was a “clown”．He made people laugh through the whole journey.Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.
But if you’re hoping that your favorite TV comedian(喜剧演员) will fly to Mars，that probably won’t happen.
“Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job，” Johnson said.“They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.” Besides，they must be in top physical condition.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国宇航局正在寻找一位“爱说笑话的人”与宇航员一起执行火星任务，这个人不但要有幽默感，还要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师。
5．What is NASA’s new job listing
A．A funny engineer.
B．A talented clown.
C．A good cook.
D．A popular comedian.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The US space agency(机构) is looking for a ‘joker’ to join their planned mission(任务) to Mars.”可知，美国宇航局正在寻找一名“爱说笑话的人”加入他们计划中的火星任务，再根据最后一段中的“‘Being funny won’t be enough to land somebody the job，’ Johnson said.‘They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.’”可知，这个“爱说笑话的人”不但要风趣，还需要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师，也就是说他们在寻找一位风趣的工程师。故选A。
6．What does “a confined space” in paragraph 3 refer to
A．A crowded space. B．An empty space.
C．An open space. D．A small space.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“such as on a mission to Mars”可知，在执行火星任务时，几个宇航员要在航天器里生活很多天，而航天器里的空间是非常狭小的，由此可知画线部分指的是“狭小的空间”。故选D。
7．How does the author think humor can help astronauts
A．It can stop them from feeling worried.
B．It can encourage teamwork on a mission.
C．It can help them feel less homesick.
D．It can help them know themselves better.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor.‘These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together，’ Johnson said.”可知，幽默可以在任务中鼓励团队合作。故选B。
8．What point does the author want to make with the example of the cook
A．What explorers eat on their journey is very important.
B．An amateur can play a more important role than a professional.
C．Humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.
D．A mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话说有很多团队“小丑”的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况中振作起来。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Speaking with people who are suffering is difficult. 1 Sometimes it’s just difficult to know what to say.Words fail us.Here are some tips for talking about illness with loved ones.
2 Visit them，or if that’s not possible，just call them.Don’t worry if you weren’t there in their exact hour of need.It’s important to let them know you’ve been thinking of them and that you regret the delay.
Ask specific open questions.Your friend will no doubt have a routine response to “How are you feeling？” So steer away from routine politeness by asking specific open questions，such as “So much has happened since we last spoke，and please tell me what’s been going on with you.” 3
Don’t argue with them.You may indeed believe that drinking herb tea is a cure-all，or a friend of your friend might well have benefited from a dietary change. 4 Your friend is likely exhausted and sensitive，so there is no need to contradict their lived experience.Let them lead the conversation about their health，which is a small concession that you should make.
Know how to assist them.If you’ve given them enough room to talk，you should have a wealth of information about how to help them. 5 Do they like being in the garden Maybe you’ve been cutting your own lawn and could bring the mower round before you put it away.
A．Reach out to your unwell loved one.
B．Approach the situation in a gentle manner.
C．But remember where you are and why you are there.
D．People in pain can often be bad-tempered，distant or greatly in need.
E．Your sick friend or relative is literally an expert in what it’s like to live with sickness.
F．Specific information such as diagnoses and symptoms is what they are willing to share.
G．Make suggestions to your friends based on your close listening and knowledge of their history.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中介绍了一些关于如何与所爱的亲人朋友谈论疾病的建议。
1．答案　D
解析　上文提到与正在受苦的人交谈是个难题；D选项承接上文，阐述了与正遭受痛苦的人交谈很难的原因，选项中的“People in pain”与上文“people who are suffering”表达的内容一致。故选D。
2．答案　A
解析　由文章结构分析可知，设空处为此段的主旨句，结合第三、四、五段的段首句可知，设空处应为祈使句；下文建议主动伸出援手，联系你身体不适的亲人或朋友，让他们知道你在惦记着他们。A选项符合本段主旨。故选A。
3．答案　F
解析　由主旨句“Ask specific open questions.”以及空前一句可知，本段建议问一些具体的开放性的问题；F选项举例说明哪些具体信息是身体不适的人愿意交流的，选项中的“Specific information”与上文以及主旨句中的“specific open questions”相对应。故选F。
4．答案　C
解析　由主旨句“Don’t argue with them.”可知，此段建议不要和身体不适的人争论；上文说明你可能会有自己的观点；C选项承接上文，说明即使你有自己的观点，但是要记住你是在和病人交谈，不要反驳他们；下文阐述了不要与生病的人争论的原因。故选C。
5．答案　G
解析　空前说明在交谈中要知道如何去帮助对方；G选项阐述了如何帮助；下文给出了具体实例。故选G。Section Ⅳ　Using language(1)—Non defining attributive clauses
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并回答其后的题目
The popular film，Titanic，is about a beautiful and sad love story,1.whose hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose was a young beautiful woman,2.who went to America with her mother.Jack,3.who won a ship ticket by playing cards，was a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 4.where they had a happy time.Sadly，the nice journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg，and Jack lost his life for saving Rose.Everyone will be moved by the selfless way 5.in which most people can’t behave in real life.Before Jack left Rose forever，he encouraged Rose to live well for him.6.As is known to all，love is the strongest strength.And that’s the reason 7.why Rose could live on and tell us the moving story.
[自主发现]
以上语段中的黑体部分均为定语从句，其中句1,2,3和6是非限制性定语从句，其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。as引导的定语从句一般放于句首，通常译为“正如”。
非限制性定语从句
与限制性定语从句相比较，非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间用逗号隔开。现从以下三个方面讲解非限制性定语从句的用法：
一、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整。 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整。
结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号。 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开。
功能 修饰先行词。 修饰先行词或整个主句。
引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词。 关系代词that及关系副词why除外。
省略情况 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 所有关系词均不可省略。
译法 翻译成先行词的定语，“……的”。 通常翻译成主句的并列句。
We visited the school where we studied two years ago.
我们参观了我们两年前就读的那所学校。(限制性定语从句，起限定作用)
The house，which we bought last year，lies in the centre of the city.
那套房子位于市中心，是我们去年买的。(非限制性定语从句，不表明有多少套房子)
The house which/that we bought last year lies in the centre of the city.
我们去年买的那套房子位于市中心。(限制性定语从句，暗含“可能有若干套房子”之意)
二、使用非限制性定语从句应注意的问题
1．非限制性定语从句不用that引导。
I am fond of the novel，which you bought for me.我喜欢那本小说，就是你给我买的那本。
2．非限制性定语从句不能用why引导，要用for which代替why。
The reason，for which he couldn’t reduce his consumption，wasn’t given.
他为何不能降低消费，他没有给出任何理由。
3．非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是整个主句的内容，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He often comes to school late，which makes his teacher angry.(先行词为主句的内容)
他经常上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。
三、as，which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as which
指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分
位置 可位于主句之前，之中或之后 引导的从句不能置于主句之前
意义 正如 这，那
功能 连接上下文，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等 引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句
As we all know，the Earth moves around the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
The singer，as was expected，achieved great success.正如所期盼的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大成功。
He was late for the meeting，which made the chairman very angry.(which指代整个主句的内容)
他开会迟到了，董事长为此非常生气。
[点津]　as引导非限制性定语从句时常用于以下结构：
as is said above如上所述
as is known to all众所周知
as has been said before如之前所说
as is often the case情况常常如此
as you can see正如你看到的那样
as is already mentioned above正如上边已经提到的那样
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There are many badges on the table，most of which are new.
2．The girl with curly hair lost her badge，which annoyed her much.
3．Opposite is a concert hall，where you can hear some lovely music.
4．As is known to all，it takes more than good looks to succeed as an actor.
5．The grinning clown that/who/whom he met in the circus was his employer.
6．The composer，whose works were best loved，once worked in this amusement park.
7．The clown doctor，who wears a curly wig，is popular with the little patients in the hospital.
8．Many lessons are now available online，from which students can choose for free.
Ⅱ.完成下列读后续写片段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
我倒在地上，躺在血泊中。幸运的是，离我们不远的两名猎人听到了我们的尖叫声。他们冲到我们所在的地方。一看到所发生的事和仍然在我身后的水域中漂浮的鳄鱼，其中一个人朝空中开了一枪。正如所期望的那样，鳄鱼被吓跑了。然后，我失去了知觉，两名猎人急忙把我送到医院。
I fell onto the ground，lying in a pool of blood.Fortunately，our screams were heard by two hunters 1.who were not far away from us.They dashed over to the place 2.where we were.On seeing what happened and the crocodile，3.which was still floating in the water behind me，one of them fired a shot in the air.4.As was/had been expected，the crocodile was frightened away.Then I lost consciousness,5.which made the two hunters rush me to hospital.
训练5　Using language(A)
分值：55分
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．The student，as was expected，made great progress in his English.
2．I had told them the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting.
3．The glasses，without which he was like a blind man，are broken.
4．The old lady has two daughters，one of whom is working abroad.
5．He is a man of rich experience，from whom we can learn much.
6．We walked down the village street，where people were having a market day.
7．You should keep a diary every day，which I think is a good way to record the mood.
8．You will have to wait for one more week，when the manager will be back from his trip.
9．As is shown in the report，people’s living standard has improved over the past decades.
10．Mo Yan，most of whose novels have been adapted for films，is now a world-famous writer.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5题；每小题3分，共15分)
1．To be frank，I don’t like the way (that/in which) you talk with me.
说实话，我不喜欢你跟我讲话的方式。
2．They have got three children，all of whom have a strong passion for music.
他们有三个孩子，所有孩子都很热爱音乐。
3．It was raining heavily last night，which prevented me from going to the party.
昨晚雨下得很大，这使我不能去参加晚会。
4．Just as the saying goes，“Failure is the mother of success.”
正如谚语所说：“失败是成功之母。”
5．The reason why/for which I am phoning you is to consult some academic questions.
我给你打电话是想咨询一些学术上的问题。
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
Australians are pretty bold(大胆的) when it comes to humour.Not afraid of saying something insulting(冒犯的) in the name of a good laugh，they generally don’t hold back.This is always done in fun，however.
You get yourself a haircut before going to meet your new Aussie friend.You’re expecting to be praised，but what you hear is，“Did ya have a fight with a lawnmower(割草机)？” You might take this as an insult，but it’s just your friend’s way of saying that you’ve had a haircut.
Your friend comes knocking at your bedroom door one morning to tell you’re late for class.You were up studying late the night before and you look a mess.Your friend thinks you need to put a brush through your hair before leaving，but instead of just saying so he says，“Wow.Your hair looks like a bush pig’s arse.” He’s trying to be nice.
Australia is one of the cultures on this planet where making fun of someone is a sign of friendship.If you find yourself being made fun of lots，it could be that you’ve scored yourself a whole lot of new friends.Consider yourself lucky—these insults are all part of building a relationship.
Australians also use a lot of sarcasm(讽刺)．You foolishly say something that’s obvious.For example，“A six pack of beer is named after the number of beers you get in the pack，the number being six.” A normal answer would be，“That is the most obvious statement I’ve ever heard”，but an Australian would say，“Really You’re so clever.”
Now let’s say your teacher tells you that there will be a test the following day.Australians might say，“Great.I can’t wait to add preparing for a test to my already long to-do list.Thank you for this gift.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。在澳大利亚文化中，开一些看似冒犯性的玩笑其实是表达友好和幽默，取笑别人是友谊的象征，澳大利亚人也会经常使用讽刺。
1．What does the author advise you to do when you are laughed at by an Australian
A．Accept it readily.
B．Fight back bravely.
C．Mind your behaviour.
D．End the relationship.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“Not afraid of saying something insulting(冒犯的) in the name of a good laugh，they generally don’t hold back.This is always done in fun，however.”和第四段可推知，当你被澳大利亚人嘲笑时，作者建议你应该欣然接受。故选A。
2．According to paragraphs 2 and 3，how do Australians try to be humorous
A．By telling funny jokes.
B．By making fun of friends.
C．By laughing at themselves.
D．By showing unfriendliness.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。通读第二和第三段尤其是“Did ya have a fight with...”以及“Wow.Your hair looks...arse”可知，澳大利亚人试图通过取笑朋友来显得幽默。故选B。
3．What do Australians want to express by saying “Thank you for this gift” in the last paragraph
A．Dislike. B．Worry.
C．Gladness. D．Thankfulness.
答案　A
解析　句意理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Australians also use a lot of sarcasm(讽刺)．”和最后一段第一句“Now let’s say your teacher tells you that there will be a test the following day.”可知，澳大利亚人说“谢谢你的礼物”是想表达很讨厌这次考试。故选A。
4．How is the text mainly developed
A．By telling stories.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By providing examples.
D．By examining differences.
答案　C
解析　写作手法题。根据第二段和第三段列举的相关的例子；第五段最后两句以及最后一段举出相关例子可知，文章是通过举例来展开的。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
Have you ever been to Ocean Park，which is situated on the southern side of Hong Kong Island It is one of the 1. (large) marine parks in the world 2. (cover) more than 870,000 square metres.
With about 30 years of history，Ocean Park has become one of the major tourist 3.__________(attraction) in Asia.Apart from entertaining visitors with thrill rides and a wide variety of shows，the park prides 4. (it) on its education and conservation programs.
Ocean Park consists of two sections，the Headland and the Lowland，which 5.__________(connect) by a 1.5 km-long cable car(缆车) system offering wonderful views of the southern side of Hong Kong and the South China Sea.The Headland is known 6. its many thrill rides including the Dragon，Eagle，Crazy Galleon，Ferris Wheel，Ocean Park Tower and so on.The Headland also contains the Ocean Theatre,7. dolphins and sea lions amuse visitors each day with their lively performances.Providing more 8. (enjoy) and education are the world-class Atoll Reef Aquarium(水族馆)，the Shark Aquarium and the Pacific Pier.
At the Lowland，visitors can take a ride on 9. big hot-air balloon that is 22 metres in diameter which takes them high into the air.Visitors can also see the giant pandas 10._________(give) by the Central Government of China at the Hong Kong Jockey Club Giant Panda Habitat.
1．答案　largest
解析　考查形容词最高级。根据上文one of the以及句意“它是世界上最大的海洋公园之一”可知应用最高级。故填largest。
2．答案　covering
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，cover与其逻辑主语it之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填covering。
3．答案　attractions
解析　考查名词复数。attraction在此表示“有吸引力的地方”，是可数名词。此处为“one of＋可数名词复数”结构，意为“……之一”，故填attractions。
4．答案　itself
解析　考查代词。短语pride oneself on (doing) sth意为“以(做)某事而自豪，对某事物感到得意”。故填itself。
5．答案　are connected
解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词sections，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，与从句谓语动词之间构成被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语用复数。故填are connected。
6．答案　for
解析　考查介词。短语be known for意为“因……而出名”。故填for。
7．答案　where
解析　考查定语从句。空处引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the Ocean Theatre，指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
8．答案　enjoyment
解析　考查名词。作动词provide的宾语，应用名词enjoyment，不可数。故填enjoyment。
9．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。balloon为可数名词，此处为泛指，且big的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
10．答案　given
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，give与其逻辑主语the giant pandas之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填given。
训练6　Using language(B)
分值：35分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Imagine that you’ve just experienced something unpleasant—your friend has forgotten your birthday, you’ve been rejected for a new job, or you’ve just woken up after a long holiday and remembered you need to go to work.How would you typically respond to those feelings
You might try to tell yourself that it doesn’t matter, and not to let it get to you.This tendency could be described as “mood shame”： The belief that having bad feelings is a personal failing.
Continually looking on the bright side of life might seem strong, even courageous.While it’s natural that we might prefer to avoid uncomfortable feelings like disappointment, worry, anger, or sadness, a recent psychological research supports the idea that they serve useful purposes in our lives.By learning to see that value and accept those feelings without judgment, we may enjoy better physical and mental health.
Consider anxiety.We may assume that anxious feelings destroy our concentration and reduce our performance on difficult tasks—that we can only succeed in an exam or an interview if we learn to relax.Alternatively, we can see the feeling as a source of energy.Besides, disappointment may make us feel unpleasant—but you could recognize that the emotion helps us to learn from our mistakes.And by assigning a more positive meaning to the feeling and acknowledging its potential uses—rather than feeling it is somehow unhealthy—you might change the brain and the body’s responses to an upset.
Rather than judging yourself toughly for bad feelings, you might lean into that bad mood, and allow yourself the self-care you need to get through it.Without fighting the emotions, you could start to question whether those feelings have value.Perhaps they’ll help you to identify an important change in your life.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在我们生活中不可避免的会有一些负面情绪，那么我们该如何正确对待呢？
1．What do the underlined words “get to” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Bother. B．Cheat.
C．Scare. D．Inspire.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段首句中一些不愉快的经历和第二段“You might try...and not to let it get to you.”可推知，这里指不要把不愉快的事情当一回事，不要让它们烦扰自己，结合选项词语，“bother烦扰”符合题意。故选A项。
2．What can we learn from the psychological research in paragraph 3
A．Being negative leads to bad health.
B．Being positive means having courage.
C．Positive feelings improve working efficiency.
D．Negative feelings may have positive effects.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“...a recent psychological research supports the idea that they serve useful purposes in our lives...we may enjoy better physical and mental health.”可知负面情绪可能有积极的影响。故选D项。
3．How does the author prove his idea in paragraph 4
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By giving examples.
C．By presenting research results.
D．By making definitions.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Consider anxiety.We may assume ...or an interview if we learn to relax.”可知作者在第四段中通过举例证明了他的观点。故选B项。
4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．The causes of bad feelings.
B．The evaluation of bad feelings.
C．The consequences of bad feelings.
D．The suggestions for handling bad feelings.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据最后一段“Rather than judging yourself toughly for bad feelings，you might ...”可知本段主要讲述了处理不良情绪的建议。故选D项。
B
People who possess high self-esteem are able to commit better and produce a greater bond in relationships with others.Dr.Douglas feels that most people do not value themselves, but with love and self-respect anyone can be above normality and grasp success with the family, the office, or others.
We have become too reliant on intelligence, beauty, and money for our own self-esteem.The loss of esteem reduces the will and ability to set and reach goals.In a series of readings，Douglas teaches how to avoid negative statements, how to change them into self-facing behavior, and how to take charge of your mental attitude.Where other motivational and self-help works stop with the theoretical plan for success, Douglas takes everyday examples and puts them into his books.From raising children who believe in themselves to using self-esteem to help bridge the gap in the workplace, he gives readers concrete solutions to the problems that might ruin their interpersonal relations.
Self-esteem building comes from filling your thoughts with positive affirmations (肯定) and learning to react to failures with motivation instead of self-destruction.These lessons are valuable for anyone who feels that life is even slightly out of control.People who feel they have adequate esteem can learn to use it to make their success grander, faster, and more beneficial for others.Douglas approaches this process of self-development as a means of more than creating good things for the individual but also for setting up keys for influencing good things for others.
For more than thirty years, Dr.Douglas has addressed more than two million people on topics from time management to speaking effectively to raising drug-free children.He is the author of fifteen books, including How to Make a Habit of Succeeding.
5．What can we infer from paragraph 1
A．Most people behave well enough.
B．Self-respect means being above normality.
C．Self-esteem matters much.
D．Committing better equals greater success.
答案　 C
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段首句以及“but with love and self-respect anyone can...grasp success with...”可知，第一段主要讲了自尊很重要，可以帮助人们获得成功。故选C。
6．Why does Douglas put everyday examples into his books
A．To be reliant on self-esteem.
B．To set and reach goals.
C．To avoid negative thoughts.
D．To offer concrete solutions.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，道格拉斯博士将日常案例写进书里，是为了给人们提供具体的解决方法。故选D。
7．What does the author advise those whose life is slightly out of control to do
A．Learn to be positive.
B．Face it unmotivatedly.
C．Admit self-destruction.
D．Ask for help.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，作者建议生活有些失控的人给予自己积极的肯定并学会积极面对失败。故选A。
8．What’s the most important to be self-development
A．Influencing the individual.
B．Influencing more people.
C．Gaining more benefits.
D．Speaking more effectively.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Douglas approaches this process of self-development...for influencing good things for others.”可知，自我发展不仅是为了影响自己，更是为了影响更多的人。故选B。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
It was a regular day for volunteer firefighter Matt Owens.As he drove home from visiting a friend，he 1 a little baby magpie(喜鹊) on the side of the road.He had no idea how special that bird would be when he 2 to investigate.Finding she had blood all over，Matt 3 her in his hands and took her home.
His neighbour，a vet(兽医)，examined the injured chick 4 and pronounced that if she made it through the night，she’d be all right.Matt was excited the following morning to 5 his new rescue，now named Swoop，was indeed alive.
Matt’s major 6 while Swoop recovered was his cat Mogli.Anyway，cats eat birds.It’s 7 .So he kept Swoop high up on a table.However，much to his 8 ，the cat wasn’t eyeing Swoop up for lunch.Instead，the two were often seen lying on the sofa，fast asleep.
Meanwhile，Matt started 9 her，teaching her how to hunt for insects and slowly helping her build her 10 in flying.
Matt 11 her progress and her unusual friendship with Mogli online，which went 12 .The one-in-a-million 13 of feather(羽毛) and fur won many netizens’ hearts.
Despite his love for Swoop，Matt 14 that people shouldn’t pick up baby magpies if there’s no 15 of injury and the best thing to do is leave them there.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了马特将一只受伤的小喜鹊带回家，令人吃惊的是喜鹊和马特的猫建立了非同寻常的友谊，马特也非常喜欢这只小喜鹊，尽管如此，马特还是建议人们不要带小喜鹊回家，除非它们受伤。
1．A.treated B．deserted
C．spotted D．scared
答案　C
解析　根据“As he drove home from visiting a friend”可知，此处是指马特在开车回家时无意中发现一只小喜鹊。故选C。
2．A.pulled over B．held back
C．broke down D．sped up
答案　A
解析　pull over靠边停车；hold back抑制；break down坏掉，崩溃；speed up加速。根据“to investigate”可知，马特停车去看是什么情况。故选A。
3．A.trapped B．patted
C．comforted D．cupped
答案　D
解析　根据“Finding she had blood all over”和“in his hands”可知，马特小心翼翼地把小喜鹊捧在手里，然后把她带回家。故选D。
4．A.hurriedly B．willingly
C．curiously D．carefully
答案　D
解析　根据“pronounced that if she made it through the night，she’d be all right”可知，兽医对小鸟进行了仔细的检查。故选D。
5．A.wish B．find
C．perceive D．believe
答案　B
解析　根据“Matt was excited”和“his new rescue，now named Swoop，was indeed alive”可知，第二天早上马特发现小鸟还活着，所以很激动。故选B。
6．A.concern B．fault
C．decision D．delight
答案　A
解析　根据下文“Anyway，cats eat birds.”可知，小喜鹊恢复期间，猫最让马特担心。故选A。
7．A.routine B．mystery
C．education D．nature
答案　D
解析　根据“Anyway，cats eat birds.”可知，猫吃小鸟是猫的天性。故选D。
8．A.disappointment B．embarrassment
C．amazement D．sadness
答案　C
解析　根据上文可知，猫吃小鸟是天性，再结合“the cat wasn’t eyeing Swoop up for lunch.Instead，the two were often seen lying on the sofa，fast asleep”可知，猫的表现让马特很惊讶。故选C。
9．A.caging B．training
C．accompanying D．feeding
答案　B
解析　根据“teaching her how to hunt for insects”可知，马特开始训练小喜鹊。故选B。
10．A.character B．confidence
C．pride D．career
答案　B
解析　根据上文“Finding she had blood all over”可知，小喜鹊受了很重的伤，导致无法飞行；由此推知，马特训练喜鹊时帮助她建立飞行的信心。故选B。
11．A.translated B．exposed
C．revised D．posted
答案　D
解析　根据“online”可知，马特在网上发布了喜鹊的进步和她与猫的友谊。故选D。
12．A.viral B．blank
C．mad D．wrong
答案　A
解析　根据下文“won many netizens’ hearts”可知，它们的故事在网上走红。go viral“走红”是常用搭配。故选A。
13．A.membership B．leadership
C．friendship D．citizenship
答案　C
解析　根据上文“her unusual friendship with Mogli”可知，此处是指喜鹊和猫的友谊赢得了网友的心。故选C。
14．A.stressed B．complained
C．promised D．predicted
答案　A
解析　根据下文“that people shouldn’t pick up baby magpies if there’s no of injury and the best thing to do is leave them there”可知，这是马特给人们的忠告，即他强调的内容。故选A。
15．A.choice B．sign
C．way D．difference
答案　B
解析　结合马特将受伤的小喜鹊带回家和本句中的“of injury”可知，马特认为如果喜鹊没有受伤的迹象，最好让它们待在原来的地方。故选B。Section Ⅴ　Using language(2)—Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.Listen to the conversations on P7 and choose the best answer.(高考形式)
1．Dialogue 1：
What kind of movie will the woman see
A．A comedy. 　　B．A tragedy. 　　　　C．A thriller.
答案　A
2．Dialogue 2：
What do we know about the man and Harry
A．They don’t know each other.
B．They might have a quarrel.
C．They haven’t talked to each other up to now.
答案　B
3．Dialogue 3：
What happened to the man
A．He was not satisfied with his face.
B．He fell over in front of his classmates.
C．He was laughed at by his teacher and classmates.
答案　B
Ⅱ.Listen to the conversations on P7 again and fill in the blanks.(精听训练)
1．A：Why are you grinning (1)from ear to ear
B：I’ve won a free cinema ticket.
A：Cool! What are you going to (2)watch
B：My Crazy Family.Have you seen it
A：Yes! I laughed my head (3)off.You’ll enjoy it!
2．A：I really don’t get Harry.
B：Why Is he (4)still not talking to you
A：Well...Today，he was all (5)smiles...He asked me to help him with that website of his.
B：Really What did you say
A：Well，I said yes.We all (6)deserve a second chance，I guess.
3．A：What’s the matter Why the (7)long face
B：Yesterday，I stepped on a banana skin and (8)fell over in front of the whole class.
A：That’s so funny!
B：I was the laughing stock of the class.Even my teacher (9)cracked a smile!
Ⅲ.Listen to the radio programme on P8 and choose the best answer.(高考形式)
1．What is the possible relationship between the two speakers
A．Friends.
B．Host and guest.
C．Colleagues.
答案　B
2．What are they talking about
A．How to spend the April Fool’s Day.
B．Some typical April Fool’s jokes in history.
C．A new invention of a university.
答案　B
3．Why did British people in 1957 believe in the “Spaghetti” joke
A．Because the joke was played by a famous professor.
B．Because the joke was broadcast on the BBC.
C．Because spaghetti wasn’t popular in Britain at that time.
答案　C
Ⅳ.Listen again and fill in the blanks to complete the radio programme.(精听训练)
Karen：Hi，I’m Karen and this is “Fun Time”．I’m joined today by Mark Collin.Hi，Mark.
Mark：Hello!
Karen：As you know，today is the 1st of April or，as we call it，April Fool’s Day，and Mark’s here to tell us about three of 1.the best practical jokes in history.
Mark：Indeed.Let’s start with 2.the oldest recorded April Fool’s joke，which took place on the 1st of April 1698.Some people were told to go to the Tower of London to watch 3.“the washing of the lions”．Of course，there were no lions at the Tower of London.This was reported in a newsletter—similar to today’s newspapers—on the second of April that year.Apparently，this practical joke worked so well that it 4.was played on visitors throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.
Karen：Well，I’d be pretty annoyed if someone did that to me.OK，let’s hear the next one.
Mark：OK.This is a practical joke from 1965.The BBC News Channel invited a university professor to 5.talk about his invention called “Smellovision”．
Karen：Smell-o-what
Mark：Smellovision! This was a type of machine that 6.allowed smells to be carried over the airwaves.During the interview，the BBC showed images of people actually smelling a TV screen!
Karen：But I don’t get it...How on earth did people actually believe that there was such a thing as “Smellovision”？
Mark：The professor did a demonstration.He placed coffee beans and onions inside the Smellovision and asked people watching the programme at home 7.to phone him if they could smell anything.And people did! Some really believed they could smell the coffee beans and onions.Some even said that the onions made their eyes water!
Karen：I see...I guess you can 8.convince yourself of anything if you really want to.
Mark：Indeed! Now，my favourite one.The “spaghetti tree” joke.
Karen：Oh，I know it！It’s a good one!
Mark：It’s another BBC joke and probably the most famous one.On the 1st of April 1957，a news programme told viewers that the spaghetti trees in Switzerland were 9.having a really good harvest.The programme even showed people picking spaghetti off trees and laying it in the sun to dry.
Karen：That’s so funny!
Mark：Many people 10.fell for the joke because spaghetti wasn’t that common in England at the time.
Karen：I can imagine！Section Ⅵ　Developing ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．It compares two different kinds of humour.
B．It tells us how to be a humorous person.
C．It introduces the story of two writers as well as their works.
D．It introduces two masters in literature who have a great sense of humour.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．Which of the opinions below will the author agree with
A．Humour can explain some human behaviour.
B．Ancient Greek jokes are as humorous to us now as they were then.
C．Humour is only a way of entertainment.
D．Humour can throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.
答案　D
2．What is Mark Twain well-known for
A．He had the ability to combine humour with more serious messages.
B．He was good at writing and crossing out the wrong words in his writing.
C．He was expert at giving lectures.
D．He liked everyday interactions with people.
答案　A
3．According to the passage，where did the word “youmo” come from
A．Modern Chinese literature.
B．Ancient Chinese.
C．English literature.
D．A bilingual book.
答案　B
4．What can be inferred about the president of the university
A．Clever. B．Impolite.
C．Patient. D．Warm-hearted.
答案　B
5．Why did Lin Yutang create the equation
A．To show he was superior to Mark Twain.
B．To tell us humour is a way of life and a tool to explain the world.
C．To argue that humour is not so important as reality and dreams.
D．To brighten people’s lives.
答案　B
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
Humour 1.has been(be) an essential part of human behaviour for thousands of years.Humour can not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or 2.emotive(emotion) issues.Here are two masters of humour in literary world.
The first is Mark Twain，an American writer,3.who is regarded as one of North America’s most beloved writers due to his wit and satire.One day before giving a lecture in a theatre，he went to a 4.barber’s(barber) to get a haircut.Not recognizing him，the barber told Mark Twain that if he had no ticket 5.to the lecture he would have to stand.Twain responded，“That’s just my luck.I always have to stand 6.when that fellow lectures！”
Like Twain，another Chinese literary giant Lin Yutang was also famous for his unique brand of humour.His quick wit helped make him famous as a master of humour.Once，when having a dinner at a university，he was put on the spot by the president who suddenly asked him 7.to deliver(deliver) a speech.He cleverly made his audience roar with 8.laughter(laugh) while gently telling off the president 9.using(use) a little joke.Both of them understood humour is not only about laughter,10.but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate the world.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．While these same jokes might not be as funny to us now as they were then，their authors understood that humour could not only entertain but also throw new light on sensitive or emotive issues.(P10 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”；状语从句中又包含一个as引导的比较状语从句；主句中的that引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：虽然对现在的我们来说，那些笑话可能没有它们在中世纪的时候那么有趣，但它们的作者明白，幽默不只是一种娱乐的方式，它还可以使人们对敏感问题或有争议的问题产生新的认识。
2．All you have to do is cross out the wrong words.(P10 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，you have to do是省略了引导词that的定语从句，其先行词是All；cross out意为“划掉；删除(错误)”。
汉语翻译：你只需要把错误的单词划掉。
3．When Twain replied(reply) that he didn’t，the barber told him that if he wanted to go to the event he would have to stand，as there were no seats left(leave) in the theatre.(P11 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，When引导时间状语从句；该从句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句；主句中包含that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中又含有if引导的条件状语从句和as引导的原因状语从句。
汉语翻译：当马克 吐温说没有时，理发师告诉他，如果他想去听演讲就只能站着，因为剧院里没有多余的座位。
4．Once，having been invited to dinner at a university，he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech.(P11 Para.4)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句；having been...university是分词作状语，表示分词的动作先于主句动作发生；put sb on the spot意为“(故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难堪”。
汉语翻译：有一次，他被邀请去一个大学吃晚餐，当校长突然让他做演讲时，他感到很为难。
5．The man whispered something in the lion’s ear，after which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily(unhappy)．(P11 Para.4)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，which引导非限制性定语从句。
汉语翻译：那个人对狮子耳语了几句，狮子摇摇头，不高兴地走开了。
6．Both Twain and Lin understood that humour isn’t just about laughter，but is a way of life and a tool that can be used to illuminate(illuminate) the world.(P12 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，that引导宾语从句；从句中的not just...but意为“不仅……而且……”，but分句中包含一个that引导的定语从句。
汉语翻译：马克 吐温和林语堂都明白，幽默不只能带来笑声，它还是一种生活方式，是一种可以用来阐明世界的工具。
7．Indeed，some may argue that our need for humour is almost as great as our need for water and air.(P12 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，that引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：事实上，有些人甚至会认为我们对幽默的需求几乎与我们对水和空气的需求一样强烈。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
完全倒装
Then along came a tiger.(P11 Para.4)
然后来了一只老虎。
结构分析：本句中副词Then放在句首，句子用完全倒装，即将谓语came移到主语a tiger 的前面。
英语中使用完全倒装的常见情况(句子的主语必须是名词，不能是代词)：
为了保持句子平衡或强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时，有时需要用完全倒装。
英语中，以below，here，there，in，out，up，down，away，back，now，then等副词开头的句子，如果主语是名词，常用完全倒装。
当表示地点的介词词组位于句首时，为加强语气，常用完全倒装。
(1)A cat spotted with black and white patterns rushed out from under the bed.
→Out rushed a cat spotted with black and white patterns from under the bed.
(2)Mr Green and many other linguists were present at the meeting.
→Present at the meeting were Mr Green and many other linguists.(改成完全倒装句)
(3)以下是一些关于如何提高你的英语口语的实用建议。
Below are some practical suggestions on how to improve your spoken English.
课文重点词块默写
1．对……的简短介绍the short introductions to
2．被视为be regarded as/to be
3．最有影响力的作家之一one of the most influential writers
4．充满be filled with
5．使(问题等)较容易理解throw light on
6．把……与……结合起来combine...with...
7．划掉；删除(错误)cross out
8．例如for instance
9．理发店a barber’s shop
10．就这运气just one’s luck
11．幽默大师a master of humour
12．(故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难堪put sb on the spot
13．思维敏捷；反应迅速think on one’s feet
14．低声耳语whisper sth in one’s ear
15．匆忙离开hurry away
16．哄堂大笑roar with laughter
17．斥责，责骂tell off
18．用……的话说in the words of
训练7　Developing ideas(A)
分值：40分
Ⅰ.单句写作(应用文写作之人物介绍)(共15分)
1．马克·吐温因其机智和讽刺而被公认为最优秀和最受欢迎的作家之一。(be recognized as；wit；satire)
Mark Twain is widely recognized as one of the best and most beloved writers due to his wit and satire.
2．这是关于他的一些信息。(完全倒装)
Here is some information about him.
3．马克·吐温本名塞缪尔·克莱门斯(Samuel Clemens)，是几部著名小说的作者。(whose引导非限制性定语从句)
Mark Twain，whose real name was Samuel Clemens，was the author of several famous novels.
4．在这些小说中，有两部美国文学的经典作品，《汤姆·索亚历险记》和《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》。(倒装句)
Of these novels are two major classics of American literature，The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
5．前者出版于1876年，后者出版于1884年，两者都受到全世界人民的喜爱。(while引导状语从句；“代词＋of＋which”引导定语从句)
The former was published in 1876 while the latter was published in 1884，both of which are liked by people all over the world.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
As we all know，Mark Twain is widely recognized as one of the best and most beloved writers due to his wit and satire.Here is some information about him.Mark Twain，whose real name was Samuel Clemens，was the author of several famous novels.Of these novels are two major classics of American literature，The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.The former was published in 1876 while the latter was published in 1884，both of which are liked by people all over the world.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
Perhaps unsurprisingly，buffoonery(滑稽) was one of few careers acceptable for women to pursue in the Middle Age.And it was not uncommon for women to enjoy this career.
However，in the 17th century，comedians were forced to society’s edge as their tendency to truth-telling was no longer tolerated among high society and women，bearing the weight of gender prejudice(偏见)，were seldom among this career.
This slowly began to change in the mid-19th century when women began to enter the workforce and，in the circus industry，a growing minority of female performers were employed.They promoted the industry’s “New Woman” movement which introduced female performers into the traditionally male stage.
In 1895，among the women breaking the prejudice was Josephine Williams or “Lady Evetta” called “The Only Lady Clown”．
Williams told The New York Times：“I believe that a woman can do anything for a living that a man can do and do it just as well as a man.All my people laughed at me when I told them that I was going on stage as a clown.But they do not laugh now.”
Despite her being optimistic，the article concluded：“The men in the clown business rather enjoy Miss Williams’ odd performances but they do not regard her as a serious competitor or believe that any other women are likely to follow her example.”
How wrong they were.In the 1970s，French-born Annie Fratellini opened the circus school Académie Fratellini encouraged by her film-making husband Pierre Etaix.
Fratellini’s Auguste was recognizable as the clown familiar today.Her unique make-up was made up of a big red nose，tears，a black mouth and shiny decorations fixed to her eyes.When asked whether the character she acted was male or female，she insisted that “clowns have no gender”．
1．What happened in the 17th century from paragraph 2
A．Few women worked as comedians.
B．Comedians disappeared in the society.
C．Male comedians were forced out of society.
D．Comedians were popular among high society.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“women，bearing the weight of gender prejudice(偏见)，were seldom among this career”可知，当时很少有女性当喜剧演员。故选A。
2．What was people’s attitude to Williams as a clown at first
A．Supportive. B．Appreciative.
C．Impatient. D．Unacceptable.
答案　D
解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中“All my people laughed at me when I told them that I was going on stage as a clown.”可推知，人们起初认为威廉姆斯扮演小丑是不可接受的。故选D。
3．Who created the clown image familiar to us today
A．Pierre Etaix. B．Annie Fratellini.
C．Lady Evetta. D．Josephine Williams.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句“Fratellini’s Auguste was recognizable as the clown familiar today.”可知，安妮·弗拉泰利尼创造了我们今天熟悉的小丑形象。故选B。
4．What is the text mainly about
A．The history of female clowns.
B．The development of comedies.
C．Women suffered from prejudice.
D．How women broke the prejudice.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了从中世纪到17世纪，再到19世纪中期和后期，最后到20世纪70年代女性从事滑稽戏的发展历史。故选A。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which 1 clown doctors can be helpful.
I chose this 2 because of my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid.Although the doctors and nurses did a great job，hospitals weren’t really designed for 3 .I stayed there feeling 4 and a little bored.
After years’ 5 training，I work as part of a program known as “hospital clowning”．Being a clown doctor means I can help people by 6 them.
One day， 7 my curly rainbow wig and big red nose，I walked into the waiting area，where there was a familiar atmosphere of 8 and tension.At that time I spotted a small girl crying in pain，with her ankle twice its 9 size.Her anxious parents were sitting 10 on plastic chairs，trying their best to comfort the nervous and crying girl.
While the doctor concentrated on examining her ankle，I got her 11 by doing a magic trick.Although she was clearly still in some pain，her scared and anxious look had been 12 —first by a small smile and then by loud laughter as I magically produced her sock from out of my pocket.Seeing their daughter so much happier 13 made her parents more relaxed.My magic medicine did indeed seem to 14 .
Even today，I still wear a big smile as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day.After all，it is true that 15 is the best medicine.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者从事小丑医生职业的原因和他给患者与自己带来的快乐。
1．A.draws B．means
C．declares D．announces
答案　B
解析　根据前文“laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better”及后文“Being a clown doctor means I can help people by them.”可知，此处是说科学研究表明笑能使人感觉更好，这就意味着小丑医生可以对病人有所帮助。故选B。
2．A.responsibility B．burden
C．dream D．career
答案　D
解析　根据前文“clown doctors”和后文“Being a clown doctor means I can help people by them.”可知，作者因为自己小时候去医院的经历而选择了小丑医生这个职业。故选D。
3．A.patients B．children
C．clowns D．parents
答案　B
解析　根据前文“my experience of going to hospital when I was a kid”及后文“I stayed there feeling and a little bored.”可知，医院并不是为儿童设计的。故选B。
4．A.frightened B．absorbed
C．tired D．confused
答案　A
解析　根据语境和常识可知，小孩子进了医院会感到害怕。故选A。
5．A.simple B．general
C．special D．familiar
答案　C
解析　根据后文“Being a clown doctor means I can help people by them.”可知，作者成为一名小丑医生需要特殊的训练。故选C。
6．A.teasing B．entertaining
C．comforting D．educating
答案　B
解析　根据前文“Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better，which clown doctors can be helpful.”可知，小丑医生是通过使人们愉快来帮助人们的。故选B。
7．A.putting on B．working on
C．taking on D．relying on
答案　A
解析　根据后文“my curly rainbow wig and big red nose”可知，作者戴上假发和假的大红鼻子。故选A。
8．A.sacrifice B．embarrassment
C．boredom D．criticism
答案　C
解析　根据前文“I stayed there feeling and a little bored.”可知，那里弥漫着作者熟悉的无聊和紧张的气氛。故选C。
9．A.normal B．formal
C．accurate D．appropriate
答案　A
解析　根据常识和前文“I spotted a small girl crying in pain”以及“with her ankle was twice”可知，这个小女孩脚踝受伤，肿大起来，是正常脚踝的两倍。故选A。
10．A.pessimistically B．fortunately
C．angrily D．uncomfortably
答案　D
解析　根据语境和前文“anxious”及后文“trying their best to comfort the nervous and crying girl”可知，看着孩子痛苦，父母坐立不安。故选D。
11．A.attraction B．admission
C．attention D．assumption
答案　C
解析　根据前文“While the doctor concentrated on examining her ankle”及后文“by doing a magic trick”可知，作者此时变魔术是为了吸引她的注意力。故选C。
12．A.replaced B．relieved
C．removed D．reflected
答案　A
解析　根据语境和后文“first by a small smile and then by loud laughter”可知，她的恐惧和焦虑的表情被作者给她带来的开心所取代。故选A。
13．A.in return B．in turn
C．in vain D．in question
答案　B
解析　根据语境和前文“Seeing their daughter so much happier”可知，看到女儿如此快乐，她的父母也由原来的焦虑不安转而变得放松起来。故选B。
14．A.play a joke B．set a goal
C．make good use D．do the trick
答案　D
解析　do the trick奏效，达到目的。根据前文“Seeing their daughter so much happier made her parents more relaxed.”可知，此处指作者的神药奏效了。故选D。
15．A.attitude B．magic
C．laughter D．behavior
答案　C
解析　根据前文“Scientific studies show that laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better”和“Even today，I still wear a big smile as I remember all the fun and laughter of the day.”可知，笑就是灵丹妙药。故选C。
训练8　Developing ideas(B)
分值：32.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
“Funny or die” has a whole new meaning，thanks to a study published in April in a medical journal.Women with a strong sense of humor were found to live longer although they were ill，especially for those with heart problems and infection(感染)．Happy men seemed to be protected against infection.
The researchers reported the findings from a 15-year study on the connection between the sense of humor and death among 53,556 women and men in their country.The team studied the influence of humor on people’s way of thinking，social skills and emotion development，and examined death from different conditions：heart problems，infection and other health problems.
The findings showed that for women，those who had high scores on a humorous way of thinking had a 48 percent less risk of death from all causes，a 73 percent lower risk of death from heart problems and an 83 percent lower risk of death from infection.For men，a connection was found only for the risk of death from infection—those with high humor scores had a 74 percent reduced risk.The researchers suggested the sex differences could be due to a small decrease in humor scores as the men aged.No connection was found for the influence of humor on social skills and emotion development.
“The humorous way of thinking plays an important role in people’s personality(性格) and may influence the way people cope with everyday life，” said study co-researcher Sven Svebak.“In this way，it may help reduce fighting in daily life，preventing the build-up of stress.” Although the sense of humor is a natural characteristic(特征)，it can also be developed through social activities.
“I expect that children whose parents have no sense of humor when feeling challenges are less likely to develop their sense of humor to cope with everyday life when they grow up，” Sven Svebak said.“But if you had a humorless childhood，never fear—studies show people can learn to be humorous at any age.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幽默感与死亡之间的联系，幽默感强的人死于各种疾病的风险较低。
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．Humor could benefit people’s health.
B．Joyful women can live longer than happy men.
C．Women who seldom laugh may fall ill easily.
D．Humor makes people pay more attention to their health.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Women with a strong sense of humor were found to live longer although they were ill，especially for those with heart problems and infection(感染)．Happy men seemed to be protected against infection.”可知，幽默有益于人们的健康。故选A。
2．Why do men have a higher risk of death from infection than women
A．Men have poor memories as they age.
B．Men become less humorous as they grow older.
C．Men have bad sleeping quality as they grow older.
D．Men take part in fewer social activities as they age.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The findings showed that for women...The researchers suggested the sex differences could be due to a small decrease in humor scores as the men aged.”可知，男性感染的死亡风险高于女性是由于随着年龄的增长，男性的幽默得分略有下降，即男性年纪越大越不幽默。故选B。
3．How does the author show the research findings
A．By listing data.
B．By giving examples.
C．By stating arguments.
D．By making experiments.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The findings showed that for women...had a 48 percent less risk of death from all causes，a 73 percent lower risk of death from heart problems and an 83 percent lower risk of death from infection...had a 74 percent reduced risk.”可知，作者是通过列数据来展示研究结果的。故选A。
4．Which of the following would Sven Svebak agree with
A．Humorous people have an unhappy childhood.
B．Children must learn to be humorous at an early age.
C．Humorous people can better deal with pressure in life.
D．Parents with a sense of humor are better at child education.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段前两句可推知，Sven Svebak赞同幽默的人能更好地应对生活中的压力。故选C。
B
Do you listen to music at the gym Today，most gym-goers like to wear head-phones and listen to self-selected music while they’re doing exercise.Why do songs from personalized playlists seem to increase motivation and make intense exercise more enjoyable when someone is walking or jogging
Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill(跑步机) fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.According to a news release，this study is “the first to investigate the effect of listening to music playlists on long-distance running capacity and performance when mentally tired”．These findings were published online ahead of print on June 22.
For this study，researchers from the University of Edinburgh had a group of experienced runners do a high-intensity 5-kilometre treadmill run with and without self-selected motivational music after they’d performed a series of cognitive(认知的) exams designed to put them in a mentally tired state.The researchers found that “listening to self-selected music in a mentally tired state reduces the negative impact of mental tiredness on their running capacity and performance，potentially due to changed perception of effort when listening to music”．
“Mental tiredness is a common occurrence for many of us and can negatively impact many of our day-to-day activities，including exercise.Finding safe and effective ways to reduce this negative impact is，therefore，useful，” Shaun Phillips of Edinburgh’s Moray House School said in the news release.
“The findings indicate that listening to personalized motivational music may be a useful strategy to help active people improve their endurance running capacity and performance when mentally tired，” he added.“This positive impact of self-selected music could help people to better keep the quality and beneficial impact of their exercise sessions.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了在跑步时听具有个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。
5．What’s the function of the questions in paragraph 1
A．To make a comparison.
B．To lead in the topic.
C．To make a prediction.
D．To ask for information.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的“Based on practical experience，a recent study provides new evidence that listening to music while running on a treadmill(跑步机) fights with mental tiredness and improves performance.”可推知，第一段提出的问题是为了引入本文所要讨论的话题——跑步时听音乐可以对抗精神疲劳，提高表现。故选B。
6．What was taken into consideration in the experiment design
A．Runners’ cognitive levels.
B．Runners’ mental states.
C．Runners’ running ability.
D．Runners’ music preference.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For this study，researchers...in a mentally tired state.”可知，实验是在跑步者精神状态疲惫的情况下进行的。由此可知，设计实验时考虑了跑步者的精神状态。故选B。
7．Why does the author quote Shaun Phillips’ words in the last two paragraphs
A．To describe the experimental process.
B．To explore ways to enhance sports performance.
C．To further clarify the result of the finding.
D．To explain the harmful effects of mental tiredness.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“The researchers found that ‘listening to self-selected music...when listening to music’．”可推知，最后两段引用Shaun Phillips说的话是为了进一步阐明研究结果。故选C。
8．What is the main idea of the text
A．Personalized music makes runners less tired.
B．Motivational music cheers runners up.
C．Self-selected music maintains life quality.
D．Self-selected music treats mental illnesses.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要介绍了在跑步时听具有个性化的音乐可以帮助人们对抗精神疲劳，提高表现，即个性化音乐让跑步者不那么疲惫。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
An indoor garden has a positive impact on your life if you take care of them properly.However，if you fail to plan before starting one on your own，you may end up with a few problems. 1
Sun Conditions
Plants need an ample amount of sunlight for them to grow properly. 2 Before starting an indoor garden，make sure you’ve conducted a few weeks’ worth of observations about how sunlight behaves inside your home at different times of the day.This will give you an idea as to where your indoor garden is.
Space Availability
Obviously，the sun conditions would be useless if you don’t have enough space for the garden.That said，consider where the sunlight lands.You must also determine whether you can place a garden there. 3 Do it in such a way that you get to consider your plants’ sunlight needs while also maximizing the space of your home for other things.
Budget
You will spend a few dollars if you want to start an indoor garden.That’s a fact.This shouldn’t bother you，though. 4 The money you spent on gardening essentials will return in the form of not having to buy certain things in the market because you have one at home.Before starting an indoor garden，consider the budget you want for the garden.This will determine the containers and types of plants you can cultivate.
The world will always present us with many problems that can affect us physically，mentally，and emotionally.One great method for achieving a healthy lifestyle is by growing a garden. 5 Thanks to indoor gardening，you can have a slice of paradise in the city.
A．If not，you can try rearranging your home.
B．To avoid that，you need to consider a few things.
C．That means you should consider the availability of sunlight.
D．Without enough sunlight，all living things wouldn’t survive.
E．Besides，you must consider how to shelter your garden in the sun.
F．That’s because，in the long run，indoor gardens are actually money-savers.
G．Living in the city is not a problem for people with green fingers anymore.
1．答案　B
解析　根据上句“...if you fail to plan before starting one on your own，you may end up with a few problems.”以及后文提到建立室内花园需要考虑的三个方面的问题可知，设空处应为为了避免出现问题，应该怎么办，B项(为了避免这种情况，你需要考虑几件事)承接上文，并引出下文。故选B。
2．答案　C
解析　根据本段的小标题Sun Conditions以及设空处上句“Plants need an ample amount of sunlight for them to grow properly.”可知，设空处承接上句，说明需要考虑是否有充分的阳光。C项(这意味着你应该考虑阳光的可用性)合乎题意。故选C。
3．答案　A
解析　根据上句“You must also determine whether you can place a garden there.”可知，设空处应承接上句，说明室内花园的定位。再由后文“Do it in such a way...”可知，空处会涉及一种安排方式。A项(如果不能的话，你可以尝试重新布置你的家)给出建议，且与后句相照应。故选A。
4．答案　F
解析　根据上句“You will spend a few dollars if you want to start an indoor garden.That’s a fact.This shouldn’t bother you，though.”可知，后句应该解释不会被初期的花费困扰到的原因。F项(这是因为，从长远来看，室内花园实际上是省钱的)解释其原因。故选F。
5．答案　G
解析　根据后句“Thanks to indoor gardening，you can have a slice of paradise in the city.”可知，设空处引出下文，并且与下文构成因果关系，说明室内花园的好处。G项(对于有园艺技能的人来说，住在城市里不再是问题)符合题意。故选G。Section Ⅶ　Writing
本单元的写作目标是“写一位喜剧演员”，可以通过以下四个部分来进行写作：
第一部分：简要介绍这位喜剧演员。
第二部分：说明你为什么喜欢这位喜剧演员。
第三部分：介绍这位喜剧演员的最有趣的作品。
第四部分：你对这位喜剧演员的评价。
1．...was a famous comedian，who has achieved...
……是一名著名的喜剧演员，并获得了……
2．...was born in...and then went to...
……出生于……然后去了……
3．What impressed me most was his...
让我印象最深刻的是他的……
4．Among his works，my favorite short play is...
在他的作品中，我最喜爱的短剧是……
5．I think that he is not only...but also...
我认为他不仅……而且……
6．After so many years，his works are still...
这么多年后，他的作品仍然……
7．In a word，he is one of the most...in the world.
总之，他是世界上最……之一。
8．He died，but his works will live on forever.
他去世了，但他的作品将永远流传下去。
假如你最喜欢的喜剧演员是英国的罗温·艾金森(Rowan Atkinson)，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文介绍这位喜剧演员。
1．英国著名喜剧演员，1955年1月6日出生于英格兰，毕业于牛津大学(University of Oxford)；
2．他所扮演的憨豆先生风靡世界，其丰富的肢体语言使人发笑；
3．他出色的演技为他赢得了许多奖项，并且他被誉为继查理·卓别林(Charlie Chaplin)之后的又一位喜剧大师。
注意：可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第一步　审题谋篇
审题
写作要求是写一篇人物介绍。写作时应注意下面几点：
1．确定文体：这是一篇人物介绍，应注意人物介绍的写作特点。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时和一般现在时为主。
3．主体人称：由于是写一篇人物介绍，所以人称应该以第三人称为主。
谋篇
第一段：简要介绍该喜剧演员；
第二段：介绍你喜欢该喜剧演员的原因；
第三段：介绍该喜剧演员的著名作品并对其评价。
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇(含本单元词汇)
1．因……而著名be famous/well-known for
2．被视为be recognized as
3．毕业于graduate from
4．喜剧角色comedy character
5．捧腹大笑roar with laughter
6．诙谐的幽默witty humor
7．使某人快乐/高兴entertain/amuse sb
8．给某人留下印象impress sb/leave an impression on sb
连词成句(含本单元句型)
1．罗温·艾金森出生于1955年，是一名喜剧演员，毕业于牛津大学。
Born in 1955，Rowan Atkinson is a comedian who graduated from University of Oxford.
2．艾金森先生以许多精彩的角色而闻名，其中最著名的是憨豆先生。
Mr Atkinson is famous for many wonderful characters，and among them the most well-known one is Mr Bean.
3．憨豆先生是国际公认的电视和电影中的喜剧人物。
Mr Bean is an internationally recognized comedy character on TV and in films.
4．他丰富有趣的肢体语言总能让人捧腹大笑。
His rich and funny body language can always make people roar with laughter.
5．作为一名喜剧演员，艾金森先生诙谐的幽默不仅让人发笑，也让人思考。
As a comedian，Mr Atkinson’s witty humor not only amuses people but also makes people think.
6．他独特的表演风格给全世界的人留下了深刻的印象。
People all over the world are impressed by his unique acting style.
7．他出色的演技为他赢得了许多奖项，并且他被誉为继查理·卓别林之后的又一位喜剧大师。
His outstanding acting skills have won him many awards and he is hailed as another comedian master after Charlie Chaplin.
第三步　句式升级
1．将句2升级为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句。
Mr Atkinson is famous for many wonderful characters，among which the most well-known one is Mr Bean.
2．用定语从句连接句3和句4。
Mr Bean is an internationally recognized comedy character on TV and in films，whose rich and funny body language can always make people roar with laughter.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
Born in 1955，Rowan Atkinson is a comedian who graduated from University of Oxford.He is famous for many wonderful characters，among which the most well-known one is Mr Bean.
Mr Bean is an internationally recognized comedy character on TV and in films，whose rich and funny body language can always make people roar with laughter.As a comedian，Mr Atkinson’s witty humor not only amuses people but also makes people think.People all over the world are impressed by his unique acting style.
His outstanding acting skills have won him many awards and he is hailed as another comedian master after Charlie Chaplin.As far as I am concerned，he does deserve our respect and admiration.

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