资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1．debt n．债务，欠款
2．pace n．速度；进度
3．rarely adv.很少，难得
4．overnight adv.突然，一下子
5．nevertheless adv.然而，不过；尽管如此
6．classic n．名著；经典作品
7．endurance n．(忍)耐力
8．guarantee v．保证；确保
9．outcome n．结果，后果
10．worthwhile adj.重要的；值得做的
11．blanket n．毯子，毛毯
12．contest n．比赛，竞赛
13．upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的
14．blessing n．幸事，幸运
15．worthy adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的
16．dawn n．黎明，破晓
17．permanent adj.长久的；永久的
18．outline n．外形，轮廓
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．inform v．通知，告知→information n．信息→informed adj.见多识广的；有见识的
2．rejection n．拒绝，否决→reject v．拒绝，否决
3．persevere v．锲而不舍，坚持不懈→perseverance n．坚持
4．criticism n．批评；指责→criticiz(s)e v．批评→critic n．批评家→critical adj.批判的；关键的
5．delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的→delight n．高兴；使人高兴的事 vt.使高兴→delightful adj.令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的
6．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n．热情→enthusiastically adv.热心地，满腔热情地
7．elect v．选举，推选→election n．选举
8．appreciative adj.感激的→appreciate v．感激→appreciation n．感激；欣赏
9．mere adj.仅仅，只不过→merely adv.只是；仅仅；只不过
10．gentleness n．和蔼，温和→gentle adj.温和的→gently adv.温和地
11．revelation n．展现，显示→reveal v．揭示；显示；透露
12．literary adj.文学的→literature n．文学；著作；文献
13．embarrassed adj.难堪的，尴尬的→embarrass vt.使尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrassment n．困窘；尴尬
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．I have read the manuscript of his best-seller，which is completely different.n.手稿，底稿　n．畅销书；畅销产品
2．The beavers build their home by using sticks and mud.n.河狸，海狸
3．Fill the bread with a mixture of sausages，fried eggs and cucumbers.n.黄瓜
4．Companionship is having someone you know and like with you，rather than being on your own.n.友谊；友好交往
5．She happily felt the cool water flowing through her fingertips.n.指尖
6．The perfume of these beautiful flowers in the botanical garden intoxicates visitors.n.香味　v．使兴奋，使陶醉
7．The more they probed into the case，the more confused they were.v.调查；探究
8．Wealthy and famous as he is，he still lives a workaday life as you and me. adj.平凡的；平淡的
9．The hotel I recommend to you is located amid some lemon trees.prep.在……之中
10．Faced with the climate change，even the mighty polar bear would be at risk of starvation.adj.强有力的
11．Under its new conductor，the orchestra has established an international reputation.n.(大型的)管弦乐队
12．Babies who sleep with their parents receive much more tactile stimulation than babies who sleep alone.adj.触觉的
13．This is a pub which is a favourite haunt of many famous artists.n.(某人)常去的地方
14．Darkness has now descended and the moon and stars shine hazily in the clear sky.v.降临；来临
15．He lived in dread of the manager discovering the truth that he had stolen the money. n．畏惧，惧怕
16．He was lying in bed reading with relish when I went back home from work.n.享受，乐趣
17．So depressed was she that she hadn’t had a morsel of food since morning.n.(尤指食物的)一小片，一小块
debt n．债务，欠款
in debt负债(表示状态)
out of debt不负债(表示状态)
get/fall/run into debt负债，陷入债务之中(表示动作)
pay off one’s debts还清债务(表示动作)
(1)The company is heavily in debt for lack of proper management.
(2)We’ll run into debt if you spend more than our income.
[写作佳句]
(3)经过多年的努力，这对年轻夫妇终于还清了债务，松了一口气。
Having worked hard for years，the young couple who finally paid off their debts sighed with relief.
inform v．通知，告知(informed adj.见多识广的；有见识的 information n．[U]信息)
inform sb of/about sth通知某人某事
inform sb that...通知某人……
keep sb informed of...随时通知某人……；使某人随时知道……
(1)It is unwise of you to share so much personal information(inform) with your online friends.
(2)We want to inform you that you must pay off all your debts by next Sunday.
(3)I hope you’ll keep me informed(inform) of how you’re getting on with your work.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之告知信)得知你将参加全国英语比赛，我写信告知你一些实用技巧。
Learning that you will participate in a national English contest，I’m writing to inform you of/about some practical tips.
guarantee v．保证；确保 n．保证；保修单；担保物
guarantee that...保证……
guarantee sb sth/guarantee sth to sb 向某人保证某事
guarantee to do sth保证做某事
under guarantee在保修期内
(1)Don’t worry.We guarantee to inform(inform) you of what’s happening here in time.
(2)Your watch is still under guarantee，so we will repair it for you free of charge.
(3)Our good service and advanced equipment will certainly guarantee a worthwhile trip to you.
[写作佳句]
(4)坚持不懈和努力工作会确保你擅长任何事情。
Perseverance and hard work will guarantee that you become good at whatever it is.
delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的(delight n．[U]高兴；愉快；[C]令人高兴的事；乐趣 vt.使高兴；使欣喜 delightful adj.令人高兴的，讨人喜欢的)
be delighted at/with/by...为……而高兴
be delighted to do sth为做某事而高兴；乐意做某事
delight in sth/doing sth 以……为乐
take (great) delight in以……为乐
with/in delight高兴地；愉快地
to one’s delight令某人高兴的是
(1)At the sight of the delightful(delight) scene，the children shouted with/in delight.
(2)I am more than delighted(delight) to get the golden chance to take pictures of polar bears.
[写作佳句]
(3)令我高兴的是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。
To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
(4)(读后续写之情感描写)意识到他以取笑同学为乐是不礼貌的，男孩后悔地流下了眼泪。
Realizing that it was rude of him to delight in/take delight in making fun of his classmates，the boy shed tears of regret.
worthwhile adj.重要的，值得做的(worth adj.值得的；具有……价值的；[古]值钱的 n．价值；作用；意义 worthy adj.值得尊敬的；值得赞赏的)
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth值得做某事
be (well) worth doing (非常)值得做
be worth＋n.值得……；值……
be worthy＋
(1)Keep in mind that everything worth doing(do) is worthy of being done(do) well.
(2)It’s worthwhile reading/to read(read) literary books because they can help us to know more about the society and life.
[写作佳句]
(3)他的建议值得考虑。
①His suggestion is worth considering/consideration.(worth)
②His suggestion is worthy of consideration/being considered/to be considered.(worthy)
③It is worthwhile considering/to consider his suggestion.(worthwhile)
enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的(enthusiastically adv.热心地；热情地 enthusiasm n．热心；热情)
be enthusiastic about (doing) sth对(做)某事热心/热衷
with enthusiasm(＝enthusiastically)热情地
(1)Every time I was in trouble，she would come to my assistance with great enthusiasm.
(2)The whole playground was lively with the audience cheering enthusiastically(enthusiastic) for the athletes.
(3)He was enthusiastic about playing football from boyhood，which made him later become a famous football player.
[写作佳句]
(4)既然你对海洋保护很感兴趣，为什么不报名参加世界海洋日活动呢？
Now that you are enthusiastic about ocean protection，why not sign up for the World Oceans Day activity
upset adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的；难过的 vt.使烦恼；使生气；打翻
be upset about/at/over sth为某事烦心/难过
be upset to do sth/that...对做某事感到不安/难过
it upset(s) sb to do sth做某事让某人不安
it upset(s) sb that...让某人心烦意乱的是……
(1)The barber stood up suddenly，upsetting(upset) a cup of coffee，which made him upset.
(2)He was upset at/about/over the failure in the contest，which made him awake all night.
(3)She was upset to hear(hear) that the holiday had been cancelled because of the storm.
(4)It upset the composer that his friend had passed away three days before.
[写作佳句]
(5)(应用文写作之建议信)听说你对即将到来的期末考试感到不安，我写信给你一些建议。
Hearing that you are upset about/at/over the coming final examination，I am writing to give you some suggestions.
elect v．选举，推选(election n．选举；当选；选择权)
elect to do sth 选择/决定做某事
be elected (as) sth当选为；被选作
(1)The news that he had won the election(elect) was broadcast via a TV interview.
(2)He elected to give(give) up his career，which made his parents upset.
[写作佳句]
(3)我写信祝贺你当选学生会主席。
I am writing to congratulate you on your being elected (as) chairman of the Students’ Council.
appreciative adj.感激的(appreciate vt.欣赏；理解；鉴赏；感激；意识到 appreciation n．感激；欣赏，赏识)
be appreciative of感激；欣赏
appreciate (one’s) doing sth感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。
in appreciation of/for感激/感谢……
(1)He was enthusiastic about my plan，of which I was very appreciative.
(2)I really appreciate being elected(elect) as chairman of the Students’ Council.
(3)Here I sincerely express my appreciation(appreciate) for your helping find my lost suitcase.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之申请信)如果您能考虑一下我的申请，我将非常感激。
I would appreciate it a lot if you could take my application into account.
(5)(应用文写作之感谢信)我写信感谢你在我准备英语比赛时的慷慨指导。
I am writing in appreciation of your generous guidance when I was preparing for the English contest.
Ⅰ.一词多义
upset A.adj.心烦意乱的，烦恼的　B.vt.弄翻，打翻　C.vt.打乱　D.vt.使生气，使烦恼
1．He stood up suddenly，upsetting the soup. B
2．What made him upset was that he only got criticism from others. A
3．It upset her that she wasn’t informed of the cancellation of the meeting. D
4．The sudden change of the weather upset our plan to go to the entertainment park. C
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．She paced up and down with extreme anxiety，waiting for the phone to ring.v.踱步
2．The guarantee could be worthless if the firm goes out of business.n.保修单
3．Early in the morning，the whole town was covered in a thick blanket of fog.n.厚的覆盖层
4．Thirty minutes passing by，they were still contesting the outcome of the race.v.争辩
训练１　Vocabulary(A)
分值：47.5分
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题；每小题1分，共10分)
1．I’m appreciative of you for your gentleness and kindness.
2．We are more than pleased to see some young men with high virtues elected(推选) to the union.
3．It is worthwhile to have a try even if you will be faced with many rejections.
4．We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players.
5．To our great delight，our new products have great appeal for young audiences.
6．He who puts people’s interests into heart is worthy(值得的) of our love and respect.
7．Upset(心烦意乱的) and embarrassed，I stood silently，tears streaming down my cheeks.
8．We regret to inform you of the cruel news that your application has not been successful.
9．With online shopping developing at a fast pace，we can purchase almost whatever we want online.
10．Equipped with a good knowledge of foreign language，I guarantee(保证) I can be an excellent volunteer and serve visitors well.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．I’d like to express my appreciation(appreciate) for everything you’ve done.
2．The old man was delighted(delight) to hear that his son had come back.
3．This is the best-seller that is worthy to be read(read) a second or third time.
4．When we got there，he helped us find a house enthusiastically(enthusiasm)．
5．Our English association guarantees to organize(organize) meaningful activities twice a month.
6．Informed(inform) of some entertaining news，he can’t help cracking a smile.
7．It is worthwhile to contribute(contribute) some money to the Red Cross.
8．She was upset to know(know) that her application for the position was refused.
9．It was considerate of Michael to inform us of/about his delay in case we got worried.
10．It was because of poor management and lack of experience that the employer got into debt.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
Graduation is a significant milestone for everyone.An 89-year-old man called Rene Neira had been trying to finish a degree since the 1950s.However，in the 1960s，he was so passionate about urban and economic development of the south side of San Antonio that he stopped school and got involved with the local government.From that time，one of his life goals was to earn a degree in economics.In 2017，the grandpa and his 19-year-old granddaughter both enrolled(入学) at the University of Texas at San Antonio.
“There were times when we would get lunch together，be in the library together，and just work silently side-by-side，” Melanie Salazar，Rene’s granddaughter，recalled.“He always had something to say，especially if his professors had different opinions than him，” Melanie said.“And there were often times when a professor would invite him to talk about the past.”
Rene’s college years weren’t easy.“He has worked very hard over time.Especially in recent years，with hearing loss and going through seasons of not having a car，there was a term where he had to take medical leave because he had a stroke，so he couldn’t go back to school that term，” said Melanie.
After four years，their hard work finally paid off—they graduated.Together，they stood on the stage.Everyone broke into applause and cheered for this fantastic pair.
Their story has been making waves online.People have nothing but good words for them.“Awww...I love stories like this.This was such a beautiful moment.Congratulations to both of them.Grandpa definitely demonstrated that one shouldn’t give up their dream no matter how long it takes，” one wrote.Another wrote，“I’m motivated to go back to school myself，thanks to his example.”
Rene had the determination to finish his degree even at an advanced stage in his life.Hard work，patience，and determination are the keys to success，especially when the path is not easy or clear.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位89岁的老人Rene Neira在2017年和他的19岁孙女一起入读得克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥分校的故事。这个故事告诉我们不论年龄多大，都不能放弃自己的梦想，努力、耐心和决心是成功的关键。
1．Why did Rene fail to get a degree when he was young
A．He was not interested in university life then.
B．He devoted himself to city development.
C．He needed to work to support his family.
D．He was not good at his school work.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，in the 1960s，he was so passionate about urban and economic development of the south side of San Antonio that he stopped school and got involved with the local government.”可知，Rene年轻时没有取得学位是因为他为了参与城市经济建设而放弃了学业。故选B。
2．How was Rene’s college life
A．It made him physically ill.
B．It was full of surprise.
C．It was smooth and plain.
D．It came with challenges.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Especially in recent years，with hearing loss and going through seasons of not having a car，there was a term where he had to take medical leave because he had a stroke，so he couldn’t go back to school that term”可知，Rene最近几年听力下降，又经历了几季没有车的日子，还曾经中风，所以他的大学生活充满艰辛和挑战。故选D。
3．What did people think of Rene’s experience
A．Admirable. B．Doubtful.
C．Funny. D．Pitiful.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据第五段中“People have nothing but good words for them.”以及“Grandpa definitely demonstrated that one shouldn’t give up their dream no matter how long it takes”以及“Another wrote，‘I’m motivated to go back to school myself，thanks to his example.’”可知，人们认为Rene的经历令人钦佩和赞叹。故选A。
4．What lesson can we learn from Rene’s story
A．Actions speak louder than words.
B．It is never too late to achieve one’s dream.
C．Genius without education is like silver in the mine.
D．A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。通读全文尤其根据最后一段可知，文章通过Rene的经历阐述了一个道理：不论年龄多大，都不能放弃自己的梦想。故选B。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
My Future Happiness
When I imagine my future，I see myself as an adult who is confident in my abilities，doing a job I love and living my life responsibly.When I grow up，I will be enjoying more convenience brought by the advances in technology，with more time to pursue hobbies and enjoy the company of family and friends. 1
I will feel the happiest in the future because I will learn more about life and develop into the best person I can be. 2 I will also handle more responsibilities and solve problems in a more thoughtful and level-headed manner.
Thanks to new technology，my future life is sure to improve in various ways.Homes will become smarter to the extent that they might be programmed to learn about our needs and monitor our health and activity.I can imagine hearing an AI voice remind me to buy groceries or do more exercise! There will also be enormous advancements in transport options.I will be riding in a self-driving car，and other new means of transport may be developed in the future. 3 These advances in technology are certain to make my future life more comfortable and convenient.
My development into a mature adult and access to advanced technology will provide me with more free-time opportunities. 4 Working less time means I can do what I most enjoy，such as spending time with family and friends，engaging in fun activities and learning new skills.
5 Thinking this way gives me the motivation to work hard now so that I can have a successful，fulfilling and enjoyable future life.
A．The working day will be only four hours long thanks to robots.
B．I will become more knowledgeable about the world and myself.
C．I might be able to ride a flying bike to quickly meet up with my friends.
D．When I think about the future，I realize my happiest days are still ahead of me.
E．For these reasons，I look forward to the future as the happiest moment in my life.
F．Technological advances will guarantee I’ll be in good health and find true happiness.
G．With less work-related stress，I’ll also have more time and energy to do volunteer projects.
1．答案　E
解析　根据上文“When I grow up，I will be enjoying more convenience brought by the advances in technology，with more time to pursue hobbies and enjoy the company of family and friends.”可知，作者想象了未来的幸福生活，对未来的生活充满期待，E项“由于这些原因，我期待未来是我生命中最幸福的时刻”符合语境，故选E。
2．答案　B
解析　结合上文“I will feel the happiest in the future because I will learn more about life and develop into the best person I can be.”及下文“I will also handle more responsibilities and solve problems in a more thoughtful and level-headed manner.”尤其句中的“I will also”可知，空处应和上下文句式一致，以“I will”开头，描述未来自己的样子，B项“我会对世界和自己更加了解”符合语境，故选B。
3．答案　C
解析　根据上文“I will be riding in a self-driving car，and other new means of transport may be developed in the future.”可知，空处应承接上文，描述未来开发出的其他交通工具，C项“我可能会骑着会飞的自行车快速地去和我的朋友们见面”符合语境，故选C。
4．答案　A
解析　根据上文“My development into a mature adult and access to advanced technology will provide me with more free-time opportunities.”以及下文“Working less time means I can do what I most enjoy”可知，此处是描述未来科技的进步可以减少人们的工作时间，A项“由于有了机器人，每天的工作时间将只有4个小时”符合语境，故选A。
5．答案　D
解析　空处位于末段，结合下文“Thinking this way gives me the motivation to work hard now so that I can have a successful，fulfilling and enjoyable future life.”可知，空处应是总结作者对未来的想法，并指明下文“this way”的内容，D项“当我想到未来的时候，我意识到我最幸福的日子还在前面”符合语境，故选D。
训练2　Vocabulary(B)
分值：35分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Hard work really does pay off.Scientists find that perseverance leads to better grades and higher achievements in school.
“Being passionate is not enough to ensure academic success，”says researchers，who thought of “courage” as a key to success.This is also regarded as effort in reaching long-term goals，and determination to continue one’s efforts in spite of hardships.
Researchers think that the finding could help create new training to help children develop the skill and help ensure their future success.
Researchers from the Academy of Finland studied more than 2,000 students from Helsinki.They were followed through their academic career from 12 to 16，the sixth grade until the ninth grade in local school years.Researchers found that the factor that best predicts courage was related to goals，with previous academic achievements playing no role in developing the skill.
Professor Katariina Salmela-Aro，who led the study，said，“Courage means a young person is really interested in his or her studies and does not give up easily.A key element of courage is high perseverance when facing difficulties and hardships.The important finding is that these factors are the key to success and well-being.Our study shows the power of courage.”
Professor Salmela-Aro also thinks it is important to develop new practices and qualities to improve courage in teenagers.She added，“Young people should see everyday school work as part of their life in a broader context and establish achievable goals for themselves.Schools must also serve as a place where it is safe to fail and learn to deal with setbacks.One must not be discouraged by setbacks，but draw strength and new energy from them.”
语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要向我们描述了科学家们发现，坚持不懈会使学生在学校取得更好的成绩和更高的成就。
1．What can we learn about the research
A．It takes at least three years.
B．It helps students make progress.
C．It meets many difficulties.
D．It follows 2,000 students abroad.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“They were followed through their academic career from 12 to 16，the sixth grade until the ninth grade in local school years.”可知，这项研究至少花了三年时间。故选A。
2．What should students do according to the researchers
A．Focus on former grades.
B．Achieve their dreams.
C．Try all their best.
D．Forget sadness.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Courage means a young person is really interested in his or her studies and does not give up easily.A key element of courage is high perseverance when facing difficulties and hardships.”可知，根据这项研究，学生在面对困难时应该坚韧不拔，因此推断学生应该全力以赴，不要放弃。故选C。
3．What does the underlined word “setbacks” in paragraph 6 mean
A．Strengths. B．Difficulties.
C．Weaknesses. D．Efforts.
答案　B
解析　词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段中的“Schools must also serve as a place where it is safe to fail and learn to deal with setbacks.One must not be discouraged by setbacks，but draw strength and new energy from them.”可推断，setbacks是必须面对的且与失败并列的，从setbacks中能够汲取力量和活力，由此可知此处setbacks的意思为“挫折，困难”，与difficulties含义相同。故选B。
4．Which is the text probably taken from
A．A picture book.
B．A literature book.
C．A geography textbook.
D．An educational magazine.
答案　D
解析　文章出处题。文章主要描述了科学家们发现，坚持不懈会使学生在学校取得更好的成绩和更高的成就，因此推断文章可能来自教育杂志。故选D。
B
You’re passed over for a job.Your back aches.Faced with difficulties large and small，you wonder if you’re an unlucky person.We turned to experts to understand why we believe in luck and how we can have that belief to make changes in our attitude towards life.
Richard Wiseman，a psychology professor，doesn’t believe there’s anything magical about luck—it won’t help you or hurt you.“On the other hand，considering yourself lucky or unlucky is a way of seeing yourself，which has an impact on how you behave and how you think，and becomes a self-fulfilling anticipation，” he says.“So，in a sense，it absolutely does exist.”
The sociology lecturer Vik Loveday interviewed academic employees who were on temporary contracts，an uncertain situation that caused anxiety.In general，when one of these academics learned about good news concerning their careers，such as getting a permanent job，they would attribute it to luck.Because they felt they had so little control，and a move in a positive direction happened almost by accident，rather than as the result of hard work.
In a 2021 study，Professor Woolley has looked at this idea in children and adulthood.For example，basketball player Michael Jordan would wear his college practice shorts under his National Basketball Association uniform for good luck.“Obviously，it’s the superstitious(迷信的) custom that gives him confidence and then he plays better，” Woolley says.
Is it possible to change your attitude towards luck to get better outcomes Wiseman believes some steps can improve your luck.He has found “lucky people not only maximize opportunities and know where they’re heading，but often they change course depending on how the wind is going”．Lucky people can also transform bad experiences into good.Specifically，you can shift your focus towards the positive by keeping a “luck diary”．Also don’t be a creature of habit.Watch a different TV program，speak to different people—even small shifts can be effective.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕三位专家有关“幸运”的研究，论述我们为什么会相信运气以及我们如何凭借这种信念改变我们对生活的态度。
5．What does Wiseman say about luck in paragraph 2
A．It might be wise to try one’s luck.
B．Luck is a magical force to control us.
C．The belief in luck influences our behavior.
D．People’s well-being is determined by luck.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘On the other hand，considering yourself lucky or unlucky is a way of seeing yourself，which has an impact on how you behave and how you think，and becomes a self-fulfilling anticipation，’ he says.”可知，关于运气的信念会影响我们的行为。故选C。
6．What is the example of Jordan’s lucky shorts used for
A．Confirming Loveday’s study.
B．Showing luck exists in real life.
C．Disapproving Woolley’s research.
D．Comparing different lucks in sports.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容和第四段中的“For example，basketball player Michael Jordan...‘Obviously...then he plays better，’ Woolley says.”可推知，作者提及乔丹的幸运短裤的例子是为了表明人们关于运气的信念可以改变人们的行为和态度，从而实现好的结果，展示好运在现实生活中是存在的。故选B。
7．How can we improve our luck according to the last paragraph
A．By getting into a routine.
B．By sticking to a goal firmly.
C．By setting down terrible things.
D．By making changes flexibly.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He has found ‘lucky people not only maximize opportunities and know where they’re heading，but often they change course depending on how the wind is going’．”可知，灵活改变会收获更多的好运。故选D。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Less Anxiety，More Luck
B．Good or Bad Luck Up to You
C．One Can Stay Lucky Through Life
D．Genius—The Mother of Good Luck
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文并根据第一段最后一句以及最后一段前两句可知，文章主要讲述了我们为什么会相信运气以及我们如何提升自己的运气。由此可知，B项“运气好不好？这取决于你”适合作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
In most countries，turning 18 1. (mark) the start of adulthood.But what does reaching the age of maturity really mean Does it mean that you will be 2. (complete) in charge of your own life and able to express yourself in new and 3. (excite) ways What new responsibilities will you have to take 4. ？ Here，three young people tell us what turning 18 means，or meant，to them.
Bethany,16，comes from Victoria，Australia.She won’t have the right to vote in the next general 5. (elect)，because she won’t be old enough.She has been taking driving lessons but she isn’t allowed to take her driving test 6. she is 18.
Lin Ning,19，is from Shanghai，China.At 18，although he could do things like 7._________(get) a credit card and acting on his desire to help others，there were still rules 8.__________(obey) and lessons to attend.
Morgan,20，is from Florida，the US.He thought once he turned 18 and got 9.__________ good job he would rent an apartment，but his salary was not high enough.The reality for him has been very different.10. is hard for him to save money because of the household bills and high commute costs.
1．答案　marks
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为句子的谓语，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时。故填marks。
2．答案　completely
解析　考查副词。所填词修饰句子的谓语，所以用副词作状语。故填completely。
3．答案　exciting
解析　考查形容词。空处应填形容词表示“令人兴奋的”，修饰ways。故填exciting。
4．答案　on
解析　考查介词。take on为固定动词短语，意为“承担”。故填on。
5．答案　election
解析　考查名词。general election 意为“大选，普选”。故填election。
6．答案　until
解析　考查连词。not...until...为固定句型，意为“直到……才……”。until引导时间状语从句。故填until。
7．答案　getting
解析　考查非谓语动词。介词like后接动名词作宾语，且此处表示主动关系。故填getting。
8．答案　to obey
解析　考查非谓语动词。结合后面的to attend可知，此处用to obey 作名词rules的后置定语。故填to obey。
9．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。job在此意为“工作”，为可数名词单数，且此处表示泛指，而good的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
10．答案　It
解析　考查代词。此处为固定句型“It is＋adj.＋for sb＋to do sth”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语to save money。句子首字母大写。故填It。Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the passage
A．J.K.Rowling succeeded after a lot of failures.
B．Rejected by some publishers，J.D.Salinger gave up.
C．Every writer dreads the words “We regret to inform you...”
D．Most writers had experienced many failures before they succeeded.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What’s the author’s intention by writing the last sentence in the first paragraph
A．To advise us to be patient.
B．To show the key to success.
C．To introduce the following contents.
D．To show the writer’s attitude towards success.
答案　C
2．What can we conclude about J．K.Rowling from the second paragraph
A．She knew many famous writers had previously faced rejections.
B．She got frustrated by the first rejection letter and gave up.
C．Her first book of Harry Potter was published at the first attempt.
D．She revised her first book following the advice of publishers.
答案　A
3．What is special about J．D.Salinger from other writers mentioned in this passage
A．He had faced many rejections before his novel was published.
B．He once wanted to give up trying but later changed his mind.
C．He worked on his novel when serving in the army.
D．His novel was not popular when it was first published.
答案　C
4．Which of the following can best describe the three Brontё sisters
A．Intelligent and considerate.
B．Talented and strong minded.
C．Gentle and generous.
D．Wise and ambitious.
答案　B
5．What can we learn from the passage
A．Luck is everything.
B．Every coin has two sides.
C．Where there is a will，there is a way.
D．Adjust your life goals in time when in trouble.
答案　C
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
Everyone knows that success 1.rarely(rare) happens overnight，but perhaps not many know that a lot of successful writers have previously faced rejection.Take 2.for example J．K.Rowling.After a total of twelve rejections，one publisher eventually agreed to print 500 copies of her first book，and as we know，Harry Potter became a 3.global(globe) success，with over 400 million books 4.sold(sell) and translated into more than seventy different languages.All too often writers of great works have had to face 5.criticism(criticize) along with rejection and J．D.Salinger is a good example.Despite rejections，The Catcher in the Rye was eventually published，and it became 6.an immediate best seller.Perhaps the overall prize for perseverance should go to Brontё sisters who dreamed of 7.seeing(see) their words in print.As that was a time 8.when women were not encouraged to become writers，they wrote a book of poems under male names.Even when the book sold only two copies，they didn’t give up and started writing novels，among which many 9.are regarded(regard) as classics of world literature today.So，it seems that talent alone isn’t enough 10.to guarantee(guarantee) success.While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part，perseverance is the key.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．The response(respond) from a publisher comes back and the writer eagerly(eager) opens and reads it，their hearts sinking when they reach that final sentence.(P18 Para.1)
结构分析：本句是and连接的并列句。在后一个分句中，their hearts sinking是独立主格结构作伴随状语，when引导时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：出版商给了回信，作家急切地拆开来读，但读到这最后一句，心随即跌落谷底。
2．Everyone knows that success rarely(rare) happens overnight，but perhaps not many know that a lot of highly(high) successful writers have previously faced rejection(reject)．(P18 Para.1)
结构分析：本句是but连接的并列句。在前后两个分句中均含有that引导的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：大家都明白，成功不是一朝一夕可以获得的；但也许很多人都不知道，很多卓越的作家也都曾被拒稿。
3．When she received her first rejection letter，she decided that it meant(mean) she now had something in common with her favourite writers，and stuck it on her kitchen wall.(P19 Para.2)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句。主句中的谓语动词是decided和stuck；decided后的that引导宾语从句；该从句中的she now had something in common with her favourite writers是省略that的宾语从句。
汉语翻译：当她收到第一封拒稿信时，她决定把这看作是自己与喜爱的作家之间有了共同之处，并把这封信贴在厨房的墙上。
4．...as we know，Harry Potter became a global success，with over 400 million books sold(sell) and translated into more than seventy different languages.(P19 Para.2)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句，主句中包含一个with复合结构作状语，其构成是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。
汉语翻译：我们都知道，《哈利 波特》后来在全球大获成功，销量超过4亿册，被翻译成了70多种不同的语言。
5．When it was eventually published，the book became an immediate best seller(立刻成为畅销书) and went on to sell(sell) millions and millions of copies.(P19 Para.3)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。When引导时间状语从句，主句中的and并列两个谓语动词became和went。
汉语翻译：最终，这本书一经出版，便立刻成为畅销书，卖出了上千万册。
6．This，however，was a time when women were not encouraged to become(become) writers.(P20 Para.4)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。when引导定语从句，修饰先行词time。
汉语翻译：然而，这是一个不鼓励女性成为作家的时代。
7．In fact，it is within the pages of Jane Eyre that we can find these words.(P20 Para.4)
结构分析：本句属于强调句型，强调了状语within the pages of Jane Eyre。
汉语翻译：其实，这正印证了我们在《简 爱》中读到的这些话。
8．While a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part(起作用)，perseverance is the key.(P20 Para.5)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。
汉语翻译：不懈的努力和一点点运气固然很重要，但坚持不懈才是关键。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
get＋宾语＋宾补
J．D.Salinger started writing short stories in high school，but later struggled to get his works published.(P19 Para.3)
J．D.塞林格从高中时就开始写短篇小说了，但之后他的作品却难以发表。
结构分析：本句中的get his works published是“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构。此处是过去分词作宾补，表示被动。
“get＋宾语＋宾补”的常见结构：
get＋宾语＋doing “让某人或物持续做……”
get＋宾语＋done “使某物被……”
get＋宾语＋to do “让某人或物去做某事”
get＋宾语＋adj. “使某人或物处于某种状态”
(1)太乱了！你最好保持你房间里的所有东西干干净净。
What a mess！You’d better get everything in your room clean.
(2)这个男孩很快就去医院检查了他受伤的腿。
The boy soon went to the hospital and got his injured leg examined.
(3)如果你英语不好，你可以让你哥哥帮助你。
If you are weak in English，you can get your brother to help you.
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”(P20 Para.5)
坚持下去，你终会收到这样的回复：“我们高兴地通知您……”
结构分析：本句是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。其中祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句。
基本句型有：
祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If＋肯定条件句＋主句
祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If＋否定条件句＋主句
名词词组＋and＋陈述句
(1)Start out right away，or/otherwise you will miss the last train.
(2)Give me a chance，and I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
→If you give me a chance，I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
(3)多危险啊！再往前走一步，孩子就会掉进井里。
How dangerous it is！One more step，and the baby will fall into the well.
(4)多参加志愿者活动，它能使你成为更好的人。
Take part in more volunteer activities，and it can make you a better person.
课文重点词块默写
1．遗憾要做某事regret to do sth
2．害怕做某事dread doing sth
3．某人情绪低落，心情沉重one’s heart sinks
4．以某人/某物为例take for example sb/sth/take sb/sth for example
5．回绝信a rejection letter
6．有很多共同之处have much/a lot in common
7．把……粘贴在……stick sth on
8．靠……生存 survive on
9．拒绝某人 turn sb down
10．总共a total of
11．有太多时候all too often
12．努力去做……；挣扎着做……struggle to do
13．让别人做某事；让某事被做get/have sth done
14．从事……；致力于……work on
15．由某人得到；授予某人go to sb
16．在……书里within the pages of
17．被认为是……be regarded as
18．一点运气a touch of luck
训练3　Understanding ideas(A)
分值：40分
Ⅰ.单句写作(话题写作之正确的人生态度)(共15分)
1．曾经有一段时间，我对写作很感兴趣，并梦想将来成为一名作家。(There was a time when...)
There was a time when I was interested in writing and dreamed of being a writer in the future.
2．尽管我夜以继日地努力写作，我却一再被拒绝。(while引导让步状语从句)
While I worked hard day and night on my writing，I was faced with many rejections.
3．被拒绝了太多次，我终于失去了信心，把所有的作品都付之一炬。(get＋宾语＋宾补)
Having been turned down too many times，I lost heart and got all my works burned.
4．直到我和我的文学老师进行了一次谈话，我才决定继续我的梦想。(强调句型)
It was not until I had a conversation with my literature teacher that I decided to carry on my dream.
5．他告诉我的是，坚持下去，你最终会成功的。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)
What he told me was that just keep on，and you would succeed in the end.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
There was a time when I was interested in writing and dreamed of being a writer in the future.However，while I worked hard day and night on my writing，I was faced with many rejections from publishers，which made my heart sink deeply.Having been turned down too many times，I finally lost heart and got all my works burned.
It was not until I had a conversation with my literature teacher that I decided to carry on my dream.
What he told me was that just keep on，and you would succeed in the end.With his encouragement and guidance，I stuck to my dream，and finally achieved what I wanted.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
Herbert George Wells was born in England in 1866.He did not come from a rich family.His parents had a small shop but it was not successful and closed when he was thirteen.He worked at different times in a clothes shop and a chemist’s.He always read a lot and later managed to get a place at a science college.After he left there he became a teacher，but he was badly hurt while playing football and this meant that he could not continue.He then worked in London，writing for newspapers and doing some teaching of small groups.None of this made him much money.
The Time Machine was his first fictional work.It appeared in weekly parts in a magazine in 1894 and as a book the following year.At the time，Wells was married to his second wife and was trying to support both her and her mother.He needed to make money，so he wrote it quite quickly.Although he was never really happy with the finished book，it was a great success and allowed him to continue as a writer.
It is not easy for us to understand how different this book was from others of the time.It is the first real science fiction book.It introduces the readers to the idea of time as the fourth dimension，with the three dimensions of space ten years before Einstein made it part of scientific thinking.Wells also describes a simple mechanical answer to the problem of time travel—a time machine.Nobody had ever described time travel in a machine before，and the words “time machine” entered the English language.
After the great success of this book，Wells wrote more science fiction.His most famous books are The Island of Dr. Moreau(1896)，The Invisible Man(1897)，The War of the Worlds(1898) and The First Men in the Moon(1901)．All of them have been filmed，some more than once.H.G.Wells died in London in 1946.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名作家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯的生平，包括其人生经历、作品等。
1．Why did Wells begin to write for newspapers in London
A．He wanted to make more money.
B．He was never happy with his former job.
C．He was seriously injured in sport.
D．His second wife asked him to do so.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“After he left there he became a teacher，but he was badly hurt while playing football and this meant that he could not continue.He then worked in London，writing for newspapers and doing some teaching of small groups.”可知，他之所以开始为报纸撰稿是因为他在运动中受伤，所以只能放弃教师这份工作。故选C。
2．What can we learn about The Time Machine
A．It was Wells’ most famous work.
B．It first appeared as a book.
C．Wells was very satisfied with it.
D．Its success helped to support Wells’ family.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四、五句可知，《时间机器》虽然未能让威尔斯满意，却使他赚了钱，养活了家人。故选D。
3．How different was The Time Machine from other books of the time
A．It introduced the idea of three dimensions of space.
B．It first described time travel in a machine.
C．Readers felt it easier to read and understand.
D．It was the first fiction book in the world.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Wells also describes a simple mechanical answer to the problem of time travel—a time machine.Nobody had ever described time travel in a machine before”可知，这本书在当时的独特之处在于首次描述了乘坐机器进行时间旅行。故选B。
4．What is the writing purpose of the passage
A．To introduce Wells’ life experiences and his works.
B．To describe the plot of The Time Machine.
C．To convince readers that Wells was a good writer.
D．To illustrate the great and famous works of Wells.
答案　A
解析　写作意图题。通读全文尤其根据第一段内容、第二段中的“The Time Machine was his first fictional work.”以及最后一段中“After the great success of this book，Wells wrote more science fiction.”可推知，文章的目的是介绍威尔斯的人生经历以及作品。故选A。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
(2024·河北保定高二期末)
My daughter and her husband rented a house without furniture.Soon after that，they saw a sofa 1 for free that was about 45 minutes from where they live.The ad said whoever 2 arrived there would get it.They were the first but it was too 3 to fit in all in one go.They were 4 for a while.
Then an old man from across the road 5 with a tape measure(卷尺) and a couple of oranges from his 6 to give them.The tape measure showed there was no 7 to load it in the truck.They would have to make two 8 .The old man said he would 9 it with a sheet and make sure no one took the other part.When they returned，he said someone else had tried to get it but he had 10 them.
Then this man told his story.He came from a poor country and grew up with a dirt floor,6 siblings(兄弟姐妹) and no 11 .People often forgot how 12 it was for young people starting out，but he 13 them for seizing the available opportunities.Besides the oranges from his yard，this old man also 14 them $50 and suggested spending it doing something nice for themselves and others.The 15 of this old man had my daughter in tears when she told the story to me.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的女儿在捡沙发时遇到一位陌生老人，这位老人的慷慨帮助使人分外感动。
1．A.advertised B．deserted
C．thrown D．exhibited
答案　A
解析　advertise为……打广告；desert遗弃；throw抛出；exhibit展出。由后文“The ad” 可知，这里应指作者的女儿看到一则宣传沙发的广告。故选A。
2．A.suddenly B．first
C．really D．always
答案　B
解析　suddenly突然地；first第一；really真正地；always总是。由后文“They were the first”可知，广告说谁“第一个”到谁就能得到沙发。故选B。
3．A.big B．old
C．heavy D．complex
答案　A
解析　big大的；old旧的；heavy重的；complex复杂的。由后文“The tape measure showed there was no to load it in the truck.”可知，沙发太“大”了，不能一次装走。故选A。
4．A.explaining B．arguing
C．struggling D．repairing
答案　C
解析　由前文“They were the first but it was too to fit in all in one go.”可知，他们努力着想要把沙发运走。故选C。
5．A.fell down B．went away
C．checked in D．came out
答案　D
解析　fall down摔倒；go away离开；check in入住；come out出来。由前文“from across the road”以及语境可知，老人是从马路对面走“出来”的。故选D。
6．A.truck B．store
C．garden D．kitchen
答案　C
解析　truck卡车；store商店；garden花园；kitchen厨房。由后文“Besides the oranges from his yard”可知，这些橘子来自老人的“花园”。故选C。
7．A.way B．sign
C．proof D．rule
答案　A
解析　way方法；sign符号；proof证明；rule规则。由后文“They would have to make two .”可知，他们“不可能”把沙发一次性装上卡车。no way表示“没有办法，不可能”，符合语境。故选A。
8．A.rounds B．trips
C．rescues D．decisions
答案　B
解析　round轮次；trip出行；rescue救援；decision决定。由前文“The tape measure showed there was no to load it in the truck.”可知，他们需要两次“出行”才能运走沙发。故选B。
9．A.hide B．decorate
C．cover D．clean
答案　C
解析　hide隐藏；decorate装饰；cover覆盖；clean清洁。由后文“with a sheet”可知，老人准备用床单“盖住”沙发。故选C。
10．A.defeated B．introduced
C．attacked D．prevented
答案　D
解析　defeat打败；introduce引入；attack攻击；prevent阻止。由上文“someone else had tried to get it”以及but表转折可知，老人“阻止了”他们。故选D。
11．A.money B．chances
C．relatives D．reputation
答案　A
解析　money钱；chance机会；relative亲属；reputation名誉。由前文“a poor country”可知，家里应该是没“钱”的。故选A。
12．A.natural B．respectable
C．sudden D．difficult
答案　D
解析　natural天然的；respectable可敬的；sudden突然的；difficult困难的。由上下文可推知，年轻人刚开始是很“困难的”。故选D。
13．A.punished B．thanked
C．admired D．forgave
答案　C
解析　punish惩罚；thank感谢；admire钦佩；forgive原谅。由前文“People often forgot...”以及but表转折可知，人们常常忘记年轻人刚开始是很困难的，但这位老人很“钦佩”年轻人抓住可获得的机会。故选C。
14．A.promised B．showed
C．lent D．gave
答案　D
解析　promise答应；show显示；lend借出；give给。由第二段中“oranges from his to give them”以及前文“Besides the oranges from his yard”可知，除了橘子，老人还“给”他们钱了。故选D。
15．A.reason B．kindness
C．recognition D．knowledge
答案　B
解析　reason原因；kindness善良；recognition识别；knowledge知识。由前文“Besides the oranges from his yard，this old man also them $50”可知，给他们橘子和钱都是老人的“善举”，这让作者的女儿很感动。故选B。
训练4　Understanding ideas(B)
分值：32.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Many people，some even at a very young age，set the goal of graduating from college.One American woman in Texas waited a long time for her chance to reach that goal.
The woman,85-year-old Janet Fein，received her bachelor’s degree(学士学位) from the University of Texas in December,2018.
Fein has had a full life.She raised five children and then had a career as a secretary(秘书) until she retired at age 77.But even then，she was not ready to take it easy and rest during a well-earned retirement.She decided to major in sociology(社会学)．
Fein grew up in the Bronx area of New York City.In high school，she just wanted to finish and get a job.After graduating early，at the age of 16，she went to work as a secretary.
After getting married，she spent 18 years staying home with her children.She held several jobs throughout her life，including being a secretary at a Dallas hospital.That is the job she retired from in 2011.She received an associate degree(专科学位) in 1995.But she also wanted to earn a bachelor’s degree.Fein took part in a state program that lets people who are 65 and older take free classes at public universities in Texas.
She kept going to class even as her health condition worsened.During her studies，it became necessary for her to use a walker to get around and she needed oxygen(氧气) too.She also developed knee problems.So，Fein took online classes to finish the last part of her degree requirements.
Renee Brown is one of Fein’s care-givers.She says Fein has also inspired her.At 53，she plans to begin nursing school to further her career.Brown says Fein told her，“Renee，you can do it.If I can do it you also can do it，and you will feel so good about it.”
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了Janet Fein一生坚持不懈地学习直到85岁从得克萨斯大学获得学士学位的故事。
1．When did Janet Fein start to work
A．In 1933. B．In 1995.
C．In 1949. D．In 2012.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段可知Janet Fein出生于1933年，且根据第四段“After graduating early，at the age of 16，she went to work as a secretary.”可知，她在16岁时开始工作，当时是1933＋16＝1949年。故选C。
2．What does she study for her bachelor’s degree
A．Sociology. B．Secretary.
C．History. D．Health.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“She decided to major in sociology(社会学)．”可知，她攻读社会学学士学位。故选A。
3．What does the underlined word “inspired” probably mean in the last paragraph
A．Shocked. B．Disappointed.
C．Employed. D．Encouraged.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“At 53，she plans to begin nursing school to further her career.”可知，是Janet Fein鼓舞了她继续学习，故可推测画线单词意思为“鼓舞；鼓励”，故选D。
4．What can we learn from Janet Fein’s story
A．Practice makes perfect.
B．It is never too late to learn.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D．When in Rome，do as the Romans do.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段以及全文记叙了Janet Fein一生坚持不懈地学习直到85岁的故事可知，她的故事告诉我们“活到老，学到老”的哲理。故选B。
B
When John was growing up，other kids felt sorry for him.His parents always had him weeding the garden，carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers.But when John reached adulthood，he was better off than his childhood playmates.He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage and was healthier.Most of all，he was happier.Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston.The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant，the psychologist who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves，others felt good about them.”
Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail.Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47.Under Vaillant，the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores.Points were awarded for part-time jobs，housework，effort in school，and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp.Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people，five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.
Working at any age is important.Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility，independence，confidence and competence—the underpinnings(基础) of emotional health.They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals.The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.Yet work isn’t everything.As Tolstoy once said，“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love，to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子并结合一个研究说明童年时期劳动的男孩子长大后会更快乐、更成功。
5．What do we know about John
A．He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B．He had few childhood playmates.
C．He received little love from his family.
D．He was envied by others in his childhood.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据首段倒数第三句“He had more job satisfaction，a better marriage and was healthier.”可知，他享受自己的事业和婚姻。故选A。
6．What do Vaillant’s words in paragraph 2 serve as
A．A description of personal values and social values.
B．An analysis of how work was related to competence.
C．An example for parents’ expectations of their children.
D．An explanation of why some boys grew into happy men.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句以及Vaillant的话可知，Vaillant的话解释了为什么小时候劳动的男孩会长成快乐的男人——他们获得了能力，觉得自己是有价值的社会成员，对自己感觉良好，别人也对他们印象不错。故选D。
7．What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in paragraph 4
A．Quick to react. B．Having a thin edge.
C．Clear and definite. D．Sudden and rapid.
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Those who had done the most boyhood activities...16 times less likely to have been unemployed.”可知，男性小时候的所作所为与成年后的境遇之间的联系是很清晰明确的。所以，画线词表示“清晰明确的”。故选C。
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Competent adults know more about love than work.
B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D．Independence is the key to one’s success.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility...The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.”可推知，童年时期通过活动发展的情感健康对美好的成年生活至关重要。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Be a Responsible Camper
Being a responsible camper is about more than just respecting your neighbors and observing the boundaries set by campsites. 1 Please keep sustainable camping guidelines in mind while planning a trip into the great outdoors.
Leave no trace. 2 Follow the principles: “take only pictures，leave only footprints”．Most “leave no trace” principles focus on reducing our impact on the natural environment.Following the same rules for hiking and other outdoor activities is one of the best ways to show your respect for a natural destination.
3 Harmful sunscreen chemicals can pollute bodies of water and may take many years to break down in the natural environment，so be mindful of what you put on your bodies before jumping into that lake.
Respect the wildlife.If you’re camping in a popular area with plenty of people around，it’s easy to forget that you’re actually sharing space with wild animal habitats.Sometimes，too much interaction with people can disturb the natural balance and make animals more aggressive or lead to more human-wildlife conflicts.Try to keep all of your food out of reach from wildlife. 4
Practice fire safety.While this is especially relevant on the west coast of the United States，where wildfire season is most threatening，fire safety should always be a top priority while camping. 5 In areas known for having greater fire danger，it pays to have a shovel(铲子) or a bucket of water handy to take care of any runaway flames.
A．Aim for zero waste.
B．Keep waterways clean.
C．Only build fires in fixed sites or rings.
D．And most importantly，remember never to feed wild animals.
E．Taking your campsite off the beaten path may sound adventurous.
F．Always leave your campsite the same as or better than you found it.
G．It’s about having the lowest impact possible on the surrounding environment.
1．答案　G
解析　根据上文“Being a responsible camper is about more than just”可知，一个负责任的露营者除了要尊重邻居和遵守营地界限外，还需要有更高的要求，G项“It’s about having the lowest impact possible ...”承接上文，且与上文的句式相同，符合语境。故选G。
2．答案　F
解析　主旨句“Leave no trace.”提出露营后不留痕迹。F项“Always leave your campsite the same as or better than you found it.”要求露营者离开时，让营地与来时一样或甚至更好，照应本段主题，强调不留痕迹。故选F。
3．答案　B
解析　设空句是段首主旨句，根据本段下文内容可知，本段强调不要污染水体，B项“Keep waterways clean.”与下文内容一致，符合语境。故选B。
4．答案　D
解析　上文“Try to keep all of your food out of reach from wildlife.”提到不要把食物放在野生动物够得着的地方，D项“And most importantly，remember never to feed wild animals.”承接上文，进一步强调不要投喂野生动物，与上文语意一致。故选D。
5．答案　C
解析　上文“While this is...fire safety should always be a top priority while camping.”讲野外露营的消防安全问题，C项“Only build fires in fixed sites or rings.”与消防安全相关，符合语境。故选C。Section Ⅳ　Using language(1)—-ing and to-infinitive as object
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并回答其后的题目
I had expected 1.to pass the English examination but the fact was that I failed.I was in a bad mood and intended 2.to reflect on my mistakes.I considered it useless 3.regretting it.To avoid 4.making the same mistake or making my parents upset，I determined 5.to work hard from then on.I gave up 6.playing computer games and focused on my study.I practised 7.writing and speaking English every day.I just couldn’t wait for the next examination and looked forward to the opportunity to prove myself.
[自主发现]
以上语段中的1,2,5均为动词不定式在句中作宾语；3,4,6和7均为动词-ing形式在句中作宾语；其中句3中的第一个it作形式宾语，regretting作动词considered的真正宾语。
动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语
一、只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词及短语
请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望(decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish)
拒绝设法着手装(refuse，manage，set out，pretend)
主动答应选计划(offer，promise，choose，plan)
同意请求想要帮(agree，ask/beg，would like，help)
I can’t afford to waste money on cheap brands.
我不能把钱浪费在那些廉价的品牌上。
At last I managed to carry all those large boxes upstairs.最后我设法把那些大箱子都搬上了楼。
The young barber offered to pay for our meal.
那个年轻的理发师主动提出为我们付饭钱。
二、只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语
请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse)
承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy)
避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise)
否认完成就欣赏(deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate)
禁止想象才冒险(forbid，imagine，risk)
不禁介意准逃亡(can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape)
难以忍受始反对(can’t stand，get down to，object to)
想要成功坚持忙(feel like，succeed in，stick to/insist on，be busy in)
习惯放弃有困难(be used to，give up，have difficulty in)
导致专心防道歉(lead to，devote...to，prevent...from，apologise for)
Have you ever considered going abroad for further education
你考虑过去国外深造吗？
You can hardly avoid meeting her if both of you work in the same office.
如果你们两个人在同一间办公室工作，你就免不了会遇见她。
He has been looking forward to going to England for a long time.
很长一段时间以来他一直盼望去英国。
三、有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：
动词 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记要做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
stop to do 停下来去做(另一件事)
doing 停止做(同一件事)
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
She told me to go and lock the door.She didn’t remember locking the door after supper.
她叫我去锁门，她不记得晚饭后锁过门了。
Remember to turn off all the lights when you leave the circus.
当你离开马戏团时，别忘记把所有的灯关掉。
They didn’t mean to go to the amusement park for entertainment.他们并不打算去游乐场玩。
His words meant going to cheer you up without delay.他的话意味着马上让你高兴起来。
四、need，want，require等动词作“需要”讲，且主语为“某事物”时，后面跟动名词的主动形式或跟动词不定式的被动式，都表示被动意义。
Your house needs repairing/to be repaired.
你的房子需要维修。
The problem requires solving/to be solved immediately.这个问题需要立即予以解决。
五、it作形式宾语
记住句型“6123”结构：
“6”指主句中常用的六个动词：think，believe，make，find，consider，feel； “1”指的是形式宾语it； “2”指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； “3”指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语、动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
此结构中，it是形式宾语，其后的adj.或n.是宾语补足语，而动名词短语/不定式短语/宾语从句才是真正的宾语。
1．主语＋谓语(think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/find等)＋it＋宾补(no use/no good/useless/a waste of time等)＋doing...
I think it no use informing them of the rejection.我认为告知他们这个否决没有用处了。
Do you consider it any good trying again
你认为再试一下会有好处吗？
2．主语＋谓语(think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/find等)＋it＋宾补(adj./n.)＋(for sb) to do.../宾语从句
She has made it a rule to go out for a walk after supper.她已经养成了晚饭后出去散步的习惯。
I feel it pleasant to work with you.
我觉得与你共事是件令人愉快的事。
I must make it clear that I’ll always support you.我必须说清楚，我会一直支持你。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The bird was so lucky that it just missed being caught(catch)．
2．Don’t forget to say(say) “Thank you” when someone has helped you.
3．I had intended to inform(inform) you the news in advance but I just forgot.
4．After he finished doing(do) maths homework，he went on to write(write) a composition.
5．The girl admitted breaking/having broken(break) the vase and made an apology to her mother.
6．When I told my travel stories to my partner，she regretted not seeing(see) more of the world.
7．Although the young man was less experienced，he managed to overcome(overcome) the difficulty.
8．I require him to water trees，because they require watering/to be watered in this hot weather.(water)
9．I can’t stand working(work) with Jane in the same office.She just refuses to stop(stop) talking while she works.
10．Have you forgotten some books borrowed from me last month？Will you please remember to bring (bring) them tomorrow
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．The employer promised to settle the problem as soon as possible.
雇主承诺尽快解决这个问题。
2．After a discussion，they decided to delay announcing the outcome.
讨论过后，他们决定推迟公布这个结果。
3．I regretted seeing the film last night，for it was so boring.
我后悔昨晚看了那部电影，因为它非常乏味。
4．He offered to drive me home，but I didn’t accept.他主动提出开车送我回家，但我没有接受。
5．After a talk with her parents，she chose to go to Australia for further education/study.
和父母谈过之后，她选择去澳大利亚深造。
训练5　Using language(A)
分值：58分
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．These young trees require watering/to be watered(water)．
2．I find it my duty to help(help) you when you are in debt.
3．I really appreciated being given(give) such a good chance.
4．He pretended to know(know) nothing about the criticism.
5．He determined not to inform(inform) his parents of the outcome.
6．When he saw the funny clown，he couldn’t help laughing(laugh)．
7．You’d better set aside some time to practice speaking(speak) English.
8．To be honest，I didn’t mean to hurt(hurt) him.I was only joking then.
9．Those days she was considering changing(change) her job for it was really boring.
10．Young people may risk going(go) deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
Ⅱ.根据汉语提示补全下面语段(共6题；每小题3分，共18分)
I 1.regretted to tell him(遗憾地告诉他) that he had been dismissed.To my surprise，he said to me，“I am not sad.I only 2.regret having taken the wrong job(后悔选错了工作)．” As he was leaving，he told me happily，“3.Remember to pay me back(记得归还我) the money you borrowed from me last time.” I 4.tried to remember(尽力去回想)，but I 5.couldn’t help saying(禁不住说)，“I 6.remember paying you back(记得已经还给你了)．”
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
Thinking of getting your child to take up a sport that involves(牵涉) a coach or instructor Good news: A new study finds that children who take part in organized physical activity at a young age are less likely to have emotional difficulties by the time they turn 12.
“The elementary school years are a key time in child development，”said Frédéric N．Brière，a psycho-education professor who led the study published this month in Pediatric Research.“And every parent wants to raise a well-adjusted child.”
Researchers followed a birth group over time to examine whether continual participation in organized sport from ages 6 to 10 would lower risks related with emotional distress，anxiety，shyness，social pullback at the age of 12.Their goal was to test this question as critically as possible by eliminating(排除) pre-existing child or family conditions that could offer an alternative explanation.
To do this，Brière and his team examined data from a group of children born in 1997 or 1998 who are part of the Quebee Longitudinal Study of Child Development.From ages 6 to 10，mothers reported whether their children participated in organized physical activity.At the age of 12，teachers reported on the children’s levels of emotional distress，anxiety，shyness，and social pullback at school.
“The results revealed that children who participated frequently from ages 6 to 10 showed fewer instances of those factors at the age of 12 than their peers who did not join in physical activity in a continual way，” said Brière.“We found these benefits above and beyond pre-existing individual and family characteristics.”
“Getting kids actively involved in organized sport seems to promote global development.This involvement appears to be good on a socio-emotional level and not just because of physical benefits.Being less emotionally distressed at the key stage between elementary and high school is a priceless benefit for children，as they are about to enter a much larger universe with bigger academic challenges.This research supports current parental guidelines promoting children’s involvement in physical activity，” Brière concluded.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究表明，小时候参加有组织的体育活动的孩子在12岁时出现情绪问题的可能性较小。
1．Why did Brière’s team follow a birth group over time
A．To test their guess.
B．To check the kids’ health.
C．To offer an alternative explanation.
D．To record the kids’ mental conditions.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段可知，研究人员对一组刚出生的孩子进行长期跟踪调查是为了验证研究人员的猜想：从6岁到10岁持续参加有组织的体育运动是否会降低他们在12岁时出现情绪困扰、焦虑、羞怯和社交退缩的风险。故选A。
2．How did the researchers reach their conclusion
A．By doing survey on teachers.
B．By eliminating other factors.
C．By analyzing and comparing data.
D．By organizing physical activities.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第五段第一句可推知，研究人员通过分析和研究比较孩子们6－10岁时的运动数据及12岁时的情绪问题数据从而得出结论。故选C。
3．Why is emotional health important to children between age 6 and 12
A．They will soon face great academic stress.
B．They go through a quick development.
C．They are too busy to participate in sports.
D．They are more likely to have mental problems.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“Being less emotionally distressed at the key stage between elementary and high school is a priceless benefit for children，as they are about to enter a much larger universe with bigger academic challenges.”可知，情绪健康对于6至12岁的孩子很重要的原因在于他们很快就会面临巨大的学业压力。故选A。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．It’s Easy to Raise a Well-Adjusted Child
B．Sticking to Organized Sport Can Help Kids Adjust
C．Organized Sport Promotes Emotional Difficulties
D．School Education Is Critical for Child Development
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据文章第二段以及最后一段可知，文章主要讲述的是坚持参与有组织的运动可以帮助孩子适应各种变化，减少情绪问题。故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
There were a hundred and forty-two stairs at Hogwarts：wide，clean ones；narrow，dirty ones；some that led somewhere different on a Friday；some with a disappearing step halfway up that you had to remember 1. (jump)．Then there were doors 2. wouldn’t open unless you asked 3. (polite)，or tickled (挠痒) them in exactly the right place，and doors that weren’t really doors at all，but walls just pretending.4. was also very hard to remember where anything was，because it all seemed to move around a lot.The people in the pictures kept 5. (go) to visit each other，and Harry 6. (be) sure the coats of armour (盔甲) could walk.And then，once you had managed to find them，there were the classes themselves.They had to study the night skies every Wednesday at midnight and learn the names of different stars and the 7. (move) of the planets.Three times a week they went out to the greenhouses behind the castle 8. (study) Herbology(草药学)，with a short little woman called Professor Sprout，where they learned 9. to take care of all the strange plants,10. found out what they were used for.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章节选自小说《哈利·波特》，讲述了霍格沃茨魔法学院的学校生活。
1．答案　to jump
解析　考查非谓语动词。根据“you had to remember”可推知，此处用固定短语remember to do sth，意为“记住要做某事”，因此空处应用jump的不定式形式。故填to jump。
2．答案　that/which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词doors，先行词指物，设空处在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which作引导词。故填that/which。
3．答案　politely
解析　考查副词。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词asked，polite的副词形式politely符合语境，意为“礼貌地”。故填politely。
4．答案　It
解析　考查固定句型。根据“was also very hard to remember”可推知，此处使用固定句型“it is/was＋形容词＋to do sth”，意为“做某事……”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，因此空处应用it，且空处位于句首，it的首字母应大写。故填It。
5．答案　going
解析　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词kept且空前没有连词，所以此处填非谓语动词，根据固定短语keep doing sth，意为“不断做某事，一直做某事”，可知空处应用go的动名词形式。故填going。
6．答案　was
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合kept可知，时态为一般过去时，且主语Harry是单数，因此be动词应用was。故填was。
7．答案　movements
解析　考查名词复数。分析句子可知，空处和names并列，作learn的宾语，因此应用move的名词形式movement，意为“运行”，且结合of the planets可知，行星的运行不止一个，movement应用复数形式。故填movements。
8．答案　to study
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，因此应用study的不定式形式。故填to study。
9．答案　how
解析　考查特殊疑问词。分析句子可知，learn后面用“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语，表示方式，故填how。
10．答案　and
解析　考查连词。分析句子可知，空处连接前后两个谓语动词learned和found out，两者之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
训练6　Using language(B)
分值：35分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Richard Branson was a poor academic performer; his headmaster told him he would either end up in prison or become a millionaire.At 16, Branson started a magazine called Student and advertised records in it.From there, he went on to create a successful chain of record stores.He earned his first million at the age of 23.Today, the Virgin Group founder and chairman is worth an estimated(估算的) $5.1 billion.
But when it comes to defining success, the businessman says wealth has nothing to do with it.“Too many people measure how successful they are by how much money they make or the people that they associate with，” Branson said.“True success should be measured by how happy you are.It’s a common mistaken belief that money is every businessman’s metric(指标) for success，” he continued.“It’s not, and nor should it be.”
In fact, Branson never starts a company with the primary aim of making a lot of money.“Every Virgin product and service has been made into a reality to make a positive difference in people’s lives.And by focusing on the happiness of our customers, we have been able to build a successful group of companies.”
Happiness isn’t just a metric to measure his level of success.He stressed: “Most people would assume my business success, and the wealth that comes with it, have brought me happiness.But I know I am successful, wealthy and connected because I am happy.”
Branson thinks success has nothing to do with money.“Basically, when you get to my age, you’ll really measure your success in life by how many of the people you want to love you actually do love you，” he said while addressing students at Georgia Tech.“I don’t care how big your bank account is, but if you get to my age in life and nobody thinks well of you, your life is a disaster.That’s the ultimate test of how you have lived your life.”
1．What can we infer from what Branson’s headmaster said
A．Branson was dangerous to school.
B．Branson had a great head for business.
C．Branson should set up his own business.
D．Branson should put more effort into his studies.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。由第一段中布兰森的校长对他所说的话“he would either end up in prison or become a millionaire”，以及本段描述的他在商业领域所取得的成就可知，布兰森是一位很有商业头脑的天才。故选B项。
2．Why does Branson mention Virgin products and services
A．To inspire other companies to work harder.
B．To show how his company makes a profit.
C．To introduce his unique business purpose.
D．To describe how to please customers.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，布兰森认为开公司的目的不是为了赚大钱，维珍提供的每项产品和服务都是为了在人们的生活中产生积极的影响。由此可知布兰森提到维珍产品和服务是为了介绍他独特的商业目的。故选C项。
3．What does Branson think is the most important in life
A．Achieving business success.
B．Receiving care from others.
C．Becoming rich at a young age.
D．Getting happiness from success.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。由最后一段第二句布兰森表达他对成功的看法和“if you get to my age in life and nobody thinks well of you...lived your life”可知，他认为生活中最重要的是收到他人的关心。故选B项。
4．What is the best title for the text
A．A Billionaire’s Definition of Success
B．Whether Money Can Buy Happiness
C．The Rise and Fall of a Wealthy Man
D．Turning Challenges into Chances
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了亿万富翁理查德·布兰森的成功观，他认为成功无关财富，因此文章的最佳标题是“一位亿万富翁对于成功的定义”。故选A项。
B
Victor E．Frankl，the author of Man’s Search for Meaning，once wrote，“Everything can be taken from a person but one thing: the last of human freedoms—to choose one’s attitude in any given set of circumstances.”Frankl was right.Attitude is a choice.You could be faced with a thousand problems，many or most over which you have absolutely no control.However，there is always one thing you are in complete and absolute control of and that is your own attitude.
To be honest，it wasn’t until I was in my late 20s that I finally understood its full impact.All through my teens and into my early adult life，I can’t tell you the number of times that I heard，“Bob，if you’d just change your attitude，you would do a lot better.”At that time，I didn’t know what attitude was，let alone know how to change it!
Attitude and results are inseparable.They follow one another as night follows day.One is the cause，while the other，the result.There is a term we use to distinguish this “cause and effect” relationship，which is called The Law of Cause and Effect.Simply stated，if you think in negative terms，you will get negative results; if you think in positive terms，you will achieve positive results.Some people always blame others or circumstances for their problems，while others take responsibility and make things happen.The latter are in control of their life and achieve success through their choices.
You can experience that kind of life as well；you only need to decide.Dorothea Brande once said，“Act as if it were impossible to fail，” and I challenge you to do so.By simply becoming aware that you can choose your thoughts each and every day，you will change your entire outlook.You have the power to choose an abundant life，no matter what your circumstances are.Don’t wait to experience all the wonderful things the universe has in store for you.Start today by working on your attitude and welcome the abundant life that you are meant to lead.
5．What’s the main idea of paragraph 1
A．Freedom is the last thing we can control.
B．Most problems in life are in our control.
C．A man can lose anything but freedom.
D．We can choose our attitude at any time.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据第一段的“Attitude is a choice.”以及“one thing you are in complete and absolute control of and that is your own attitude”可知，本段围绕“态度完全由我们自己控制”展开。故选D。
6．Why does the author use the example of himself in paragraph 2
A．To show attitude is important to the old.
B．To prove attitude changes on its own.
C．To show understanding attitude takes time.
D．To prove the author was very stubborn.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段首句“To be honest，it wasn’t until I was in my late 20s that I finally understood its full impact.”和末句“At that time，I didn’t know what attitude was，let alone know how to change it！”可推知，作者在第二段通过自己的例子表明理解态度需要时间。故选C。
7．What does “The Law of Cause and Effect” help readers to do
A．Understand what causes a good attitude.
B．Know the benefit of choosing active attitude.
C．Analyze the effect of a negative attitude.
D．Understand “cause and effect”relationship better.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的“...called The Law of Cause and Effect.Simply stated...if you think in positive terms，you will achieve positive results.”可知，了解因果定律有助于读者了解选择积极态度的好处。故选B。
8．What might be the best title for the passage
A．Attitude Is Human Freedom
B．Winning Is a Matter of Control
C．Attitude and Results Are Separable
D．Success Begins with Positive Attitude
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。根据最后一段的“By simply becoming aware that you can choose your thoughts each and every day，you will change your entire outlook...Start today by working on your attitude and welcome the abundant life that you are meant to lead.”以及文章内容可知，本文主要说明成功始于积极的态度。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
Joy took Teresa’s hand in its mouth and led her to the living room.Her son，Dominic,20，lay in a chair with his eyes closed and 1 for breath.Thanks to the dog，the boy was saved again before it was too 2 .
Two years ago，when Dominic met Joy，he had no idea how 3 it would become to him.Driving home，he noticed a 4 dog along the road.Without hesitation，he brought it to the vet who said the dog might not 5 the bad condition it was in.The boy left with worry.
One week later，Dominic returned to the vet，only to be 6 to see the dog come closer with all its strength and 7 him like an old friend! The boy laughed.He kept the dog，named it Joy and 8 it back to health.
Soon Joy had the chance to return the 9 .Dominic had his first allergy attack four months later.He suddenly 10 at the gate where Joy kept barking hard for attention until the mom rushed out in time.
Since then there has been a special 11 between Dominic and Joy.The dog is gentle，sensitive and 12 ，staying close to Dominic day and night.“I can be 13 ，” his mother says，“knowing that Joy is watching over Dominic.”
Her son puts it more 14 ，“Joy and I 15 each other.”
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个名叫多米尼克的男孩和一只名叫乔伊的狗相互拯救的感人故事。
1．A.waved B．struggled
C．hoped D．cried
答案　B
解析　wave挥手；struggle努力；hope希望；cry哭泣。根据下文中的“the boy was saved again”可推知，多米尼克闭着眼睛躺在椅子上，努力呼吸。故选B。
2．A.late B．expensive
C．quick D．difficult
答案　A
解析　late迟的；expensive昂贵的；quick快速的；difficult困难的。根据“Thanks to the dog，the boy was saved again”可知，多亏了这只狗，男孩在为时已晚之前又得救了。故选A。
3．A.friendly B．lovely
C．significant D．clever
答案　C
解析　friendly友好的；lovely可爱的；significant有意义的，重要的；clever聪明的。 根据上文“ Thanks to the dog，the boy was saved again before it was too .”可知，当多米尼克遇到乔伊时，他还不知道它对他来说有多么重要。故选C。
4．A.neat B．weak
C．pretty D．gentle
答案　B
解析　neat整齐的；weak虚弱的；pretty漂亮的；gentle温柔的。根据下文“Without hesitation，he brought it to the vet”可知，他注意到路边有一条看起来很虚弱的狗。故选B。
5．A.recognize B．survive
C．change D．expect
答案　B
解析　recognize识别；survive幸存，艰难度过；expect期望。根据“the bad condition it was in”以及下文的“The boy left with worry.”可知，兽医说这只狗在这种糟糕的情况下可能活不了。故选B。
6．A.amazed B．panicked
C．encouraged D．disappointed
答案　A
解析　amazed惊讶的；panicked惊慌的；encouraged受鼓励的；disappointed失望的。根据该句中的“to see the dog come closer with all its strength and him like an old friend”可知，多米尼克回到兽医那里，这只狗使出全身的力气走近他，像老朋友一样欢迎他，这让多米尼克很惊讶。故选A。
7．A.teach B．guide
C．know D．greet
答案　D
解析　guide指导；greet打招呼，欢迎。根据上文“to see the dog come closer with all its strength”可推知，狗使出全身的力气走近他，像老朋友一样欢迎他！故选D。
8．A.pushed B．repaid
C．nursed D．sent
答案　C
解析　push推；repay偿还；nurse照料；send寄。根据该句中“He kept the dog”以及“back to health”可推知，多米尼克收养了这只狗，悉心照料，让它恢复了健康。故选C。
9．A.favor B．value
C．patience D．praise
答案　A
解析　favor恩惠；value价值；patience耐心；praise赞扬。根据上文“He kept the dog，named it Joy and it back to health.”可知，多米尼克对乔伊很好，不久，乔伊有机会回报他对它的恩惠。故选A。
10．A.passed away B．stopped by
C．fell apart D．passed out
答案　D
解析　pass away去世；stop by顺便拜访；fall apart破裂，崩溃；pass out昏倒。根据上文“Dominic had his first allergy attack four months later.”可知，多米尼克过敏发作，突然昏倒，乔伊不停地叫着以引起注意。故选D。
11．A.direction B．team
C．connection D．function
答案　C
解析　direction方向；team队伍；connection联系；function功能。根据下文“The dog is gentle，sensitive and ，staying close to Dominic day and night.”可知，多米尼克和乔伊之间建立了一种特殊的联系。故选C。
12．A.protective B．comfortable
C．amusing D．polite
答案　A
解析　protective保护的；comfortable舒服的；amusing有趣的；polite礼貌的。根据“gentle，sensitive”以及“staying close to Dominic day and night”可知，这只狗温柔、敏感、有保护欲，日夜不离多米尼克的身边。故选A。
13．A.at a loss B．careless
C．hesitant D．at peace
答案　D
解析　at a loss不知所措；hesitant犹豫的；at peace平静，安心。根据下文“knowing that Joy is watching over Dominic”可知，有乔伊守护多米尼克，妈妈感觉心里平静，不必担心。故选D。
14．A.happily B．briefly
C．frequently D．certainly
答案　B
解析　briefly简单地；frequently频繁地；certainly确切地，当然。根据下文“Joy and I each other.”可知，多米尼克用一句话简单地说明了自己和乔伊的关系。故选B。
15．A.wanted B．met
C．saved D．encouraged
答案　C
解析　根据上文“Thanks to the dog，the boy was saved again before it was too .”以及“Without hesitation，he brought it to the vet”可知，乔伊和多米尼克互相拯救了对方。故选C。Section Ⅴ　Using language(2)—Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.Listen to the dialogues on P23 and choose the best answer.(高考形式)
1．Dialogue 1：
What are the speakers talking about
A．An examination.
B．A school project.
C．A left finger.
答案　B
2．Dialogue 2：
Why is the woman speaker eager to go to the party
A．She loves parties.
B．She wants to stay with the man alone.
C．She wants to show off her new dance.
答案　C
3．Dialogue 3：
Why is the man speaker tired
A．He got his feet injured.
B．He helped his brother with his homework.
C．He was late up doing his homework.
答案　B
4．Dialogue 4：
What did the man speaker feel about the exam
A．He thought it was difficult.
B．He was confident and relaxed.
C．He was worried about the examination results.
答案　B
Ⅱ.Listen to the dialogues on P23 again and fill in the blanks.(精听训练)
1．A：Hi，Sally.How’s your (1)history project going
B：Not very well，to be honest.I haven’t lifted a finger yet.I’m just not feeling (2)motivated.
A：Well，you’d better hurry up and get started.We’ve only got two weeks (3)before the deadline!
2．A：So，are you looking forward to (4)the big party tonight I can’t wait!
B：Oh，I’m not going.I think I’ll stay at home and read.
A：What Come on，don’t be such (5)a wet blanket! Everyone’s going.It’s the party of the year.
B：No，thanks.Anyway，why are you being such an (6)eager beaver You usually hate parties.
A：Well，I’ve been taking dancing lessons.I’m going to show everybody what I have learnt.
3．A：Good morning.Wow，you look tired!
B：Yes，I was up late helping my brother (7)with his homework.Again!
A：You seem to do that a lot.What’s the problem
B：He really (8)drags his feet.If I don’t help him，he never finishes his homework and gets into trouble.He works so slowly.
A：That’s too bad.You need to tell him to (9)turn over a new leaf.He should start working harder.
B：I know.I can’t support him forever.
4．A：I’m not looking forward to this.It’s going to be a (10) really hard exam.
B：Oh，I wouldn’t worry about it too much.I’m sure we’ll all get good marks.
A：Wow，you’re as cool as a (11)cucumber! Why aren’t you more worried It’s a tough subject!
B：It is，but I’m pretty good at exams.Also，I’ve (12)revised a lot.
A：Well，I wish I could be as calm as you!
Ⅲ.Listen to the conversation on P25 and choose the best answer.(高考形式)
1．What might be the relationship between the two speakers
A．Colleagues. 　　B．Friends. 　　　C．Classmates.
答案　B
2．Why was Dawei upset
A．He failed an important competition.
B．His classmate Liu Jing was better than him.
C．His parents were not satisfied with him.
答案　A
3．Which is NOT the advice given to Dawei
A．Keep trying.
B．Practice with his classmates.
C．Try to be the best in the country.
答案　C
Ⅳ.Listen to the conversation again and fill in the blanks.(精听训练)
Jack：Hi，Dawei.Are you OK
Dawei：Yeah...I’m all right，I suppose.
Jack：OK...I don’t mean to be nosy，but are you sure You 1.look down.
Dawei：I could be better，to be honest.
Jack：That’s what I thought.Why don’t you tell me what’s up
Dawei：Well，I took part in a national English speaking competition in Beijing，and I finished in last place.
Jack：Oh，really I’m sorry to hear that.I’m sure 2.you did your best，though.
Dawei：I did，but it wasn’t good enough.The other kids were just better than me.
Jack：But you must have been very good to get into the competition.You should be proud of yourself.
Dawei：Well，there was a competition at school first that was held to see who would go into the national competition.I won that，but...
Jack：There you go! 3.You have no reason to be sad.You’re the best English speaker at school.
Dawei：That’s the problem.I don’t think I am.I think Liu Jing is better than me，and she should have gone to Beijing instead of me.
Jack：Who’s Liu Jing
Dawei：She’s a girl in my class.When we did the school competition，we were the top two students.The final school competition was between me and her—the winner would go to Beijing.
Jack：OK，but you won，fair and square.Why are you so 4.upset
Dawei：I think I was just lucky.Liu Jing’s much better at English than I am.If she had gone to the national competition，she 5. would have won.Our school would have become well known，and everyone would have been happy.Instead，I went to Beijing and lost.
Jack：Oh，Dawei，you can’t think like that! Who knows what would have happened I know this is hard for you,6.but you should cheer up.I mean，did you have a good time in Beijing
Dawei：Yes，I suppose I did.It’s a really exciting city，and I met some fantastic people.
Jack：There you go! You had a good time.And I’m sure your parents are proud of you!
Dawei：They are，yes.It 7.was a great experience，but I just wish I had won.
Jack：[laughs] You can’t win everything，Dawei! You’re the best in the school，and that means a lot.Perhaps one day，if you study hard，you can be the best in the country!
Dawei：Yes，I hadn’t thought of that.There will be another competition in March.Perhaps 8.I could try again then.
Jack：That’s the spirit！I know an English saying：“If at first you don’t succeed，try，try again.”
Dawei：Yes，that’s good advice.Thanks，Jack.9.You’ve really cheered me up.I feel a lot better now.
Jack：No problem.And why don’t you talk to Liu Jing You can 10.practise together.
Dawei：Yes，I’ll do that.Thank you so much!Section Ⅵ　Developing ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the passage
A．We should learn new skills.
B．We’re never too old to learn.
C．Interest is the best teacher.
D．We should treasure our senses.
答案　D
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．How did the author feel when her friend told her she observed nothing after a long walk
A．Unbelievable. B．Pleased.
C．Understanding. D．Interested.
答案　A
2．How did the author feel the world
A．Mostly by touching.
B．Just using her feet.
C．Only out of imagining.
D．Just asking her friends.
答案　A
3．From the fourth paragraph，what can we infer
A．The author used to read by herself.
B．The author would take a long walk in the woods in the afternoon.
C．The author liked to meet her friends first.
D．The author would not sleep tonight.
答案　C
4．What’s the biggest regret the author had in the three days
A．The time spent in the museums.
B．The evening spent in the theatre.
C．The morning when she greeted the dawn.
D．So much left unseen.
答案　D
5．What’s the best suggestion the author gave in the last paragraph
A．To value what you own at present.
B．To admire what others have.
C．To go after the most delightful sense.
D．To develop the ability of touching.
答案　A
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
I have imagined what I should most like to see if I 1.were given(give) the use of my eyes，say for just three days.
On the first day，I should want to see the people 2.whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth 3.living(live)．On my second day，I should like to see the pageant of man’s progress,4. and I should go to the museums.I should try to probe 5.into the soul of man through his art.The following morning，I should again greet the dawn，anxious 6.to discover(discover) new delights，new revelations of beauty.I shall spend the day in the workaday world，amid the haunts of men 7.going(go) about the business of life.Only when 8.darkness(dark) had again descended upon me 9.should I realize how much I had left unseen.I who am blind can give one hint to those who see：Use your eyes as if tomorrow you 10.would be stricken(strike) blind.And the same method can be applied to the other senses.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．Recently，I asked a friend who had just returned from a long walk in the woods what she had observed(observe)．(P26 Para.2)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，who引导定语从句修饰间接宾语a friend；what引导的宾语从句作直接宾语。
汉语翻译：最近，我问一个在林子里散步了许久的朋友看到了什么。
2．How was it possible，I asked myself(I)，to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worthy of note？(P26 Para.3)
结构分析：此句是特殊疑问句，it是形式主语，“to walk ...of note”是动词不定式短语作真正的主语；“I asked...”是插入语。
汉语翻译：我自问，在林子里散步一小时之久，怎么可能没看到任何值得注意的东西呢？
3．I do not know what it is to see into the heart of a friend through that “window of the soul”，the eye.(P26 Para.4)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，what引导宾语从句，在从句中作表语；it作形式主语，“to see...eye”是不定式短语作真正主语；the eye是 that “window of the soul”的同位语。
汉语翻译：我无法理解通过“心灵的窗户”——眼睛，看透一个朋友的内心是怎样的感觉。
4．I should like to see the books which have been read to me，and which have revealed to me the deepest(deep) channels of human life and the human spirit.(P27 Para.4)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，两个which引导并列的定语从句修饰先行词the books。
汉语翻译：我还要看书，那些别人读给我的书，那些为我揭示了人生和人类精神的深刻奥秘的书。
5．The following morning，I should again greet the dawn，anxious to discover new delights，new revelations of beauty.(P28 Para.6)
结构分析：本句是简单句，anxious to discover new delights是形容词短语作伴随状语，表示主语的状态。
汉语翻译：第三天清晨，我要再次迎接黎明，迫切地去探索更多愉悦，发现更多美好。
6．Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be stricken blind.(P28 Para.8)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句，as if引导方式状语从句，从句用了虚拟语气；“would/could/might＋动词原形”，表示对将来的假设。
汉语翻译：要像明天即将失明一样去使用你的眼睛。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
if引导的虚拟条件句
I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.(P26 Para.1)
我常常想，如果每个人在青年时期都有一段时间失明和失聪，那会是一件幸事。
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，have often thought之后省略了that引导的宾语从句；该宾语从句中含有if引导的虚拟条件句。表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句谓语用过去式(be只能用were)，主句谓语使用“would/could/should/might＋动词原形”。
如果条件从句中假设的情况不能实现，即为非真实条件句，从句要使用虚拟语气。if引导的虚拟语气用法如下：
从句谓语的形式 主句谓语的形式
与现在事实相反 过去式(be动词一般用were) would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反 had＋过去分词 would/could/should/might have＋过去分词
与将来情况相反 ①过去式(be动词一般用were) ②were to＋动词原形 ③should＋动词原形 would/could/should/might＋动词原形
(1)If I had(have) enough money，I would buy the beautiful dress for my daughter.
(2)If we had made adequate interaction and preparation，the meeting would have been(be) very successful.
(3)如果我听从了你的建议，我就会通过英语考试了。
If I had followed your advice，I would have passed my English examination.
(4)如果明天下雨的话，我们就会推迟运动会。
If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow，we would put off the sports meeting.
“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首引导的部分倒装
Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.(P28 Para.7)
只有当黑暗再次降临时，我才意识到，我还有那么多没有看到。
结构分析：此句中的“Only＋状语从句”置于句首时，后面主句使用了部分倒装，即把助动词或情态动词提前。
当“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序，即把原句中的情态动词、be动词或助动词提到主语前面。
注意：only 后接主语时，句子不用倒装。
(1)只有刻苦学习，你才能实现成为科学家的梦想。
Only by working hard can you realize your dream of becoming a scientist.
(2)只有得到老师的允许，学生才可以进入这间屋子。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the room.
(3)直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。
Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.
(4)这次考试太难了，只有一半的学生考及格了。
The examination was too difficult and only half of the students passed it.
课文重点词块默写
1．突然失明、耳聋be stricken blind and deaf
2．感激的；感谢的be appreciative of
3．有时；偶尔now and then
4．尤其，特别in particular
5．值得注意的be worthy of note
6．在树林里in the woods
7．仅凭借触觉through mere touch
8．看透……的内心see into the heart of
9．(历史事件)的缤纷场景the pageant of
10．调查；探究probe into
11．到人们经常去的地方去amid the haunts of men
12．为生活琐事而奔波go about the business of life
13．包围，向……逼近close in on
14．降临到某人身上descend upon/on sb
15．给……一点暗示give one hint to
16．应用于be applied to
17．津津有味地；充满享受地with relish
18．品尝每一口佳肴taste each morsel
训练7　Developing ideas(A)
分值：40分
Ⅰ.单句写作(应用文写作之书评)(共15分)
1．《假如给我三天光明》是海伦·凯勒写的一本书，她很小就失明了。(who引导定语从句)
Three Days to See is a book written by Helen Keller，who went blind at a very young age.
2．在书中，她想象如果给她三天的时间去看，她会做什么。(if引导虚拟条件句)
In her book，she imagines what she would do if she were given three days to see.
3．她渴望看到世界，想象着许多她想去做、想去探索的事情。(形容词作状语)
Anxious for the seeing world，she imagines many things that she wants to do and to probe.
4．她建议要像明天即将失明一样去使用我们的眼睛。(as if引导虚拟条件句)
She advises that we should use our eyes as if we would be stricken blind tomorrow.
5．直到我读了这本书，我才意识到我们有一个健康的身体是多么幸运。(“only＋状语”置于句首引导倒装句)
Only after I read the book do I realize how lucky we are to have a healthy body.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Three Days to See is a book written by Helen Keller，who went blind at a very young age.In her book，she imagines what she would do if she were given three days to see.Anxious for the seeing world，she imagines many things that she wants to do and to probe.She advises that we should use our eyes as if we would be stricken blind tomorrow.I am deeply impressed by her story and only after I read the book do I realize how lucky we are to have a healthy body.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
She could have just quit.The race was long decided，and it was raining cats and dogs.But Bou Samnang was running for her country—Cambodia—so she kept going，racing alone on a track in Phnom Penh.And for that，she is being clapped as an inspiration.“I tried to reach the finish line because I wanted to show people that in life，even though we go a bit slow or fast，we will reach our destination all the same，” she said afterward.
News of Bou Samnang’s persistence(坚持) spread rapidly: videos of her finishing the women’s 5,000-meter race at the Southeast Asian Games went viral mitted to running for her country，she raced despite struggling with illness.“I knew I was losing.The rain was so heavy.I had the right to abandon the race，but first I have a duty to represent Cambodia.So I did not give up.”
Cheers and encouragement followed Bou Samnang as she neared the finish line，almost six minutes behind the winner.The athlete said later that she was disappointed to finish last but also happy to hear people supporting her—and surprised that the video caused such a stir.
Since last week’s race，Bou Samnang has continued to win fans in Cambodia and beyond.Prime Minister Hun Sen announced a $10,000 reward for her determination.Over the weekend，she returned to Morodok Techo Stadium to train and pose for photos with fans.As for what she will do with the money，she said she wanted to pay off her mother’s debts.
The runner’s persistence was noted by Cambodian King Norodom Sihamoni，who said he was proud of her for reminding everyone that sports are about more than winning and losing.The SEA Games，hosting athletes from 11 nations in the region across 581 events，are closing soon.
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了柬埔寨选手Bou Samnang在东南亚运动会上冒雨坚持跑完5 000米比赛的感人故事。
1．What made Bou Samnang finish racing
A．Her love for running.
B．The cheers from people.
C．The honor of her country.
D．Her eagerness for success.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句和第二段中“I knew I was losing.The rain was so heavy.I had the right to abandon the race，but first I have a duty to represent Cambodia.So I did not give up.”可知，Bou Samnang坚持完成比赛的原因是她要为国家荣誉而战。故选C。
2．What can we infer about Bou Samnang from paragraph 3
A．She wasn’t content with herself.
B．She was happy to finish racing.
C．She felt disappointed with people.
D．She supported people’s decision.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“The athlete said later that she was disappointed to finish last but also happy to hear people supporting her—and surprised that the video caused such a stir.”可知，Bou Samnang对自己的表现并不满意。故选A。
3．What is Cambodian King’s attitude to Bou Samnang
A．Positive. B．Unclear.
C．Negative. D．Uncaring.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中“The runner’s persistence was noted by Cambodian King Norodom Sihamoni，who said he was proud of her for reminding everyone that sports are about more than winning and losing.”可知，柬埔寨国王为Bou Samnang感到骄傲，这是一种积极的态度。故选A。
4．Which of the following best describes Bou Samnang
A．Hard-working. B．Creative.
C．Sociable. D．Determined.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容可知，Bou Samnang带病参赛，明知道自己已输，却为了国家的荣誉而不顾自己的病痛坚持跑了下来，由此可知，她是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
78-year-old Nora Langdon spends four or five days a week at the Royal Oak Gym.She 1 weightlifting competitions for three hours at a time.She has become a(n) 2 to people of all ages.
At the age of 65，Langdon determined to live a 3 life.In 2007，she weighed over 210 pounds and often 4 to catch her breath while going up the stairs.She knew it was time for a 5 .“After going home from the gym on the first day，I wanted to give up，”Langdon recalled.“Then I heard a voice 6 ，‘Go back.’ So，I went back and here I am today.”
After 7 the gym and watching her trainer prepare for a weightlifting match，she decided to try it herself.She began with an easy thing—using a broom as a barbell(杠铃) before 8 changing it to a real barbell.It wasn’t long before she discovered weightlifting was her passion.
Although Langdon has 9 twenty of her weightlifting competitions and set state，national and world records，she shows no sign of 10 .“She’s really 11 to the gym，to me and to the whole weightlifting field，” Art Little，her trainer said.“It’s a 12 to see what she’s doing at that age.”
She wants others to know that with motivation and strong 13 ，anyone of her age can get into 14 .“You can live actively at an old age，” she said.“Your body was made to 15 and you have to keep it moving in order to stay healthy.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了78岁的诺拉·兰登坚持锻炼，不但赢得了无数的举重比赛而且激励着无数的人。
1．A.waits for B．calls for
C．applies for D．trains for
答案　D
解析　根据下文“weightlifting competitions”可推知，参加举重比赛要进行训练。故选D。
2．A.inspiration B．challenge
C．comfort D．warning
答案　A
解析　根据最后一段的“She wants others to know that with motivation and strong ，anyone of her age can get into .”可推知，兰登鼓舞着所有年龄段的人。故选A。
3．A.long B．happy
C．healthy D．busy
答案　C
解析　根据下文“In 2017，she weighed over 210 pounds”和最后一段中“you have to keep it moving in order to stay healthy”可知，兰登决定过健康的生活。故选C。
4．A.attempted B．struggled
C．pretended D．forgot
答案　B
解析　根据句中“weighed over 210 pounds”和“while going up the stairs”可推知，兰登严重超重，所以上楼梯时喘不过气来。struggle to do...“奋力做……”。故选B。
5．A.trip B．break
C．change D．chat
答案　C
解析　根据上文“she weighed over 210 pounds”和“to catch her breath while going up the stairs”可知，兰登严重超重，上楼梯时喘不过气来，所以她觉得自己应该做出改变。故选C。
6．A.shaking B．joking
C．whispering D．dropping
答案　C
解析　根据下文“Go back.”可知，内心有个声音悄声叫她回去继续锻炼。故选C。
7．A.leaving B．joining
C．cleaning D．visiting
答案　B
解析　根据上文“So，I went back and here I am today.”可知，兰登最终决定回去，加入了健身房。故选B。
8．A.secretly B．instantly
C．eventually D．suddenly
答案　C
解析　根据下文“changing it to a real barbell”可知，她最终用上真正的杠铃之前先用扫帚替代。故选C。
9．A.researched B．failed
C．missed D．won
答案　D
解析　根据句中“set state，national and world records”可知，兰登赢得了比赛，创造了纪录。故选D。
10．A.continuing B．responding
C．improving D．stopping
答案　D
解析　根据下文“Your body was made to and you have to keep it moving in order to stay healthy.”可知，尽管她赢得了很多比赛，但她并没有打算停止。故选D。
11．A.friendly B．valuable
C．new D．familiar
答案　B
解析　根据上文可知，78岁的诺拉·兰登在举重比赛中赢得了20次冠军，并创造了州、全国和世界纪录，是传奇人物，所以她对于健身房、教练和整个举重界来说都很重要。故选B。
12．A.pleasure B．shame
C．conclusion D．pain
答案　A
解析　结合下文“see what she’s doing at that age”可知，教练看到兰登所取得的成就和她在如此大的年纪正在做的事情感到高兴。故选A。
13．A.responsibility B．determination
C．interest D．curiosity
答案　B
解析　根据上文可知，兰登在65岁时开始练习举重，这体现了她坚定的决心。故选B。
14．A.confusion B．trouble
C．danger D．shape
答案　D
解析　根据上文可知，已经78岁的兰登坚持锻炼，并在举重比赛中赢得了20次冠军，说明她拥有强健的身体，所以她想让其他人知道的是：只要有动力和坚定的决心，她这个年龄的任何人都可以强身健体。get into shape“强身健体”。故选D。
15．A.exercise B．follow
C．appreciate D．relax
答案　A
解析　结合兰登本人的经历和下文“keep it moving”可知，她说的是身体需要锻炼。故选A。
训练8　Developing ideas(B)
分值：32.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Compared with Marie Curie，Wu Chien-shiung is not a household name in China，where she was born and grew up，or in the United States，where she spent most of her life.
Wu’s father received a modern education in Shanghai，and in 1913，founded the first school for girls in Taicang，aiming to break the old sexist advocacy that it was women’s virtue to have no talents，which had the most profound influence on Wu’s life.Now，the school has become Mingde Senior Middle School.
Working in the scientific world dominated by men，she never gave up or lowered her standards even if unequally treated.After graduating from the former National Central University in Nanjing，Wu，aged 24，enrolled at the University of California，Berkeley to continue her study in physics.She was the first woman to be president of American Physical Society.
To get accurate results from experiments，she worked seriously day and night at a laboratory and gained a reputation for accuracy.There was a saying among physicists：“If the experiment was done by Wu，it must be correct.” As one of the most influential nuclear physicists of the 20th century，she thoroughly changed human’s view of the universe.Her experiments overturned many previous experimental results and theories.
Wu lived a simple life，but she set up a funding program in honor of her father with her life savings，rewarding students and teachers at Mingde Senior Middle School.In 1997，Wu died aged 85 in the US.According to her will，she was buried in her hometown Taicang.Chiang Tsai-chien，the author of her biography，Madame Wu Chien-shiung: The First Lady of Physics Research，wrote the epitaph(墓志铭) that starts，“Here’s buried the most prominent female physicist Wu Chien-shiung”，and ends，“she was a distinguished world citizen，and was forever a Chinese”．
1．Why did Wu’s father found the first school for girls
A．To promote Wu’s personal development.
B．To pursue gender and education equality.
C．To display his well-educated background.
D．To improve educational assessment system.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由第二段中“Wu’s father...founded the first school...aiming to break the old sexist advocacy...”可知，她的父亲创办了第一所女子学校，旨在打破性别歧视，追求教育平等。故选B。
2．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Wu worked as the first female physicist.
B．Attachment to native land never left her.
C．Sexist advocacy gave rise to her simple life.
D．Wu followed her father’s will to fund a program.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。由最后一段可知，她将毕生积蓄捐赠给了故乡的明德学校，并在逝世后安葬在了故乡太仓。由此可见她从未失去和故土的联系。故选B。
3．Which words best describe Wu
A．Persistent in faith.
B．Tolerant of sexism.
C．Ambitious for perfection.
D．Well-known in her motherland.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。由第三段中“Working in the scientific world dominated by men，she never gave up or lowered her standards even if unequally treated.”和第四段中“To get accurate results from experiments，she worked seriously day and night at a laboratory and gained a reputation for accuracy.”可知，她信念坚定，努力实现自己的目标。故选A。
4．What is the best title of the text
A．A Woman Who Thrilled the World
B．A Woman，One Distinguished Funder
C．A Woman Who Gained Equal Gender Right
D．A Woman，One Influential Leader in Physics
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。由最后一段中“Here’s buried the most prominent female physicist Wu Chien-shiung...”可知，对吴女士的评价是一位有影响力的女性物理学领袖。故选D。
B
Personal growth doesn’t necessarily only happen when the conditions are perfect.Seeds tend to develop only when conditions are right.A seed will remain dormant(休眠) until moisture(湿度) and temperature are favorable for growth.Unfortunately，as humans，we don’t always have the luxury of growing when conditions are just right.Sometimes you must cultivate(促进) personal growth and flower where you’re planted，often in spite of external(外部的) circumstances.
For much of my life，I let external circumstances control my happiness.If things weren’t going well，then I wasn’t well.I told myself that I would be happier if conditions were right.With this mindset，I gave myself permission to stay emotionally dormant.I was waiting for things around me to change before I would do the work to become a better version of myself.In other words，I made my personal growth conditional on external circumstances.
The problem with waiting for change outside of yourself is that you might have to wait a very long time，maybe even forever.And if you stay dormant while waiting，you aren’t growing.You’re simply stuck in place.You certainly aren’t becoming the better version of yourself that you want to be.
If you want to engage in personal growth，like planting seeds，you have to do some work to make it happen.You can’t wait around for everything to fall into place.Start with pulling up your emotional weeds.Examine yourself and remove the pessimistic thoughts and behaviors that are holding you back.Then，work on the foundation that you have.Practice positive life habits that build your self-respect and happiness.
Personal growth is something you can fight for.It may not come naturally，but when you develop this mindset，you will flower no matter where you’re planted.
语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了个人成长并非只能在条件完美的情况下发生，即使环境不完美，也必须让自己不断成长。
5．What is the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph
A．To stress the importance of personal effort in growth.
B．To complain about the lack of perfect conditions.
C．To highlight the influence of external circumstances.
D．To compare human development and seed growth.
答案　A
解析　写作意图题。根据文章第一段中“Unfortunately，as humans，we don’t always have the luxury of...often in spite of external(外部的) circumstances.”可知，作者认为我们并不能只在条件适合的时候成长，所以，我们必须发挥主观能动性，促进自己的成长。由此可知，作者写第一段是为了强调个人努力在成长中的重要性。故选A。
6．Which of the following affected the author’s growth most in the past
A．Personal experiences.
B．Outside influence.
C．Sense of timing.
D．Positive thoughts.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“In other words，I made my personal growth conditional on external circumstances.”可知，过去外界的环境对作者的成长影响最大。故选B。
7．What does the author advise you to do to better yourself
A．To look for the right conditions.
B．To get emotionally prepared for failures.
C．To stop waiting and take action.
D．To keep yourself pure through gardening.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“If you want to engage in personal growth，like planting seeds，you have to do some work to make it happen.You can’t wait around for everything to fall into place.”可推知，作者认为如果想要成为更好的自己，我们不能坐等一切，而是应该立即采取行动。故选C。
8．What is the best title for the text
A．Happiness: You Are Your Own Master
B．Life Journey: Insist till Efforts Bear Fruits
C．Growth: Flower in Any Circumstances
D．Life Changes: The Chance Is in Your Possession
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据文章第一段中“Unfortunately，as humans，we don’t always...Sometimes you must cultivate(促进) personal growth and flower where...often in spite of external(外部的) circumstances.”以及最后一段可知，文章主要讲述的是个人的成长不能总依赖外部环境，更重要的是自己的努力。只有这样，不管我们被种植在哪儿，我们都会开花。C选项能够概括文章主旨，适合作标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
In college，there are such a huge set of reading tasks.You might fall behind if you do not read before class.Here are reasons why you should read ahead of the class.
Make the most of the class time.Class time is valuable. 1 When you read ahead of time，you are more likely to understand the organization of the lecture.You’ll be better able to figure out what’s important and what isn’t and therefore，take effective notes.
Show respect.Reading ahead of time shows respect for the professor. 2 While professors’ feelings should not be the primary motivator of your behavior，relationships with professors are important.Think ahead—professors are often important resources for advice，recommendation letters，and opportunities.
3 If everything that you hear in class is new，how will you determine whether you understand and whether you have questions If you have read beforehand，you can focus your attention on filling gaps in your understanding by paying more attention during some parts of the lecture and by asking questions.
Take an active part in class. 4 Be ready to answer questions，discuss the topic and do group work.It’s easy to take part when you know the topic.Reading beforehand helps you to understand the material and gives you time to consider your viewpoints and opinions.
Show off.Reading before class lets you show that you’ve read，that you care，and that you are intelligent.You’ll be able to ask good questions and take part in a way that proves preparation，interest，and mastery of the material. 5
A．Many students may get caught unprepared.
B．Most classes require some kind of participation.
C．These are all positive marks in professors’ views.
D．You should make sure that you can follow along.
E．Understand the topic and what you don’t understand.
F．In turn，they can tell when the group is taking a wrong way.
G．It is an easy way to get a better relationship with your professor.
1．答案　D
解析　上文“Class time is valuable.”讲述了上课时间很宝贵，下文“When you read ahead of time，you are more likely to understand the organization of the lecture.”讲述了提前阅读有助于更好地了解课程的组织，所以空处应说的是要确保自己在上课时能跟得上。D项“你应该确保你能跟上”承上启下。故选D。
2．答案　G
解析　上文“Reading ahead of time shows respect for the professor.”讲述了提前阅读是对教授的尊重，G项“这是一种与你的教授建立较好关系的简单方式”承接上文，It指代上文的“Reading ahead of time”。故选G。
3．答案　E
解析　空处是本段的主旨句。本段中的“If you have read beforehand，you can focus your attention on filling gaps in your understanding by paying more attention during some parts of the lecture and by asking questions.”讲述了提前阅读可以让你知道哪些地方需要在课堂上多加注意。由此可推测出，本段主要讲述预读有助于弄清楚自己的薄弱点，E项“理解主题和你不理解的内容”符合题意。故选E。
4．答案　B
解析　空前“Take an active part in class.”是本段主题句，强调了在课堂上参与的重要性，空后“Be ready to answer questions，discuss the topic and do group work.”讲述了参与的具体方式。B项“大多数课程都需要某种参与”照应本段主题，并衔接下文。故选B。
5．答案　C
解析　上文“You’ll be able to ask good questions and take part in a way that proves preparation，interest，and mastery of the material.”讲述了提前阅读能够让你提出好问题，并且证明自己已经提前预习、对课程感兴趣和已经对课程材料熟练掌握。C项“这些在教授们看来都是加分项”对前文进一步总结，符合语境。故选C。Section Ⅶ　Writing
本单元的写作目标是“写一次经历”，属于记叙文写作，写作时需要注意以下三个方面：
1．介绍这次经历发生的背景；
2．具体介绍这次经历；
3．介绍自己对这次经历的感受。
1．I will never forget the day when...我永远不会忘记这一天……
2．The story goes like this...故事是这样的……
3．Several days ago，I attended a party...几天前，我参加了一场派对……
4．Last Sunday，my friends and I went to...上周日，我和我的朋友去了……
5．It was very hard for me...……对我来说很困难。
6．To my surprise，it is so interesting...令我吃惊的是，……很有趣。
7．This experience made me become more...这次经历让我变得越来越……
8．From then on，I didn’t want to do...从那时起，我不想做……
9．In a word，I will not...总之，我不会……
10．I got an important lesson from this experience...我从这次经历中得到了一个重要的教训……
假如你是李华，请根据下面的提示描述自己的一次经历：大约六岁时，你在户外独自玩耍。天突然下起了大雨，你迷路了，不知道该怎么办。这时一位女士从你身边走过。她询问了你的情况，然后把你送回了家。你的父母非常感激那位女士，你从此知道了：要乐于助人，帮助别人会使自己更快乐。
第一步　审题谋篇
审题
写作要求是介绍自己的一次经历。写作时应注意下面几点：
1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作中应注意记叙文的常规格式。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主。
3．主体人称：由于是介绍自己的一次经历，所以应该以第一人称为主。
谋篇
第一段：开门见山，引入话题——介绍自己难忘的经历；
第二段：具体介绍这次经历；
第三段：说明自己对这次经历的感受。
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇
1．独自玩耍play alone
2．迷路get lost
3．就在那时just then
4．带某人回家take sb home
5．匆忙in a hurry
6．从那以后from then on
7．处于困难中in trouble/need
8．感激……be appreciative of
9．一位热心的女士an enthusiastic woman
10．帮助需要帮助的人help those in need
连词成句
1．我忘不了在我六岁左右的时候发生的一件事情。(定语从句，时间状语从句)
I will not forget the incident that/which happened when I was about six years old.
2．我在大雨中迷路了，这让我非常紧张。(并列句)
I got lost in the heavy rain and it made me very nervous.
3．我站在那里，不知道做什么。(并列句)
I stood there and didn’t know what to do.
4．看到我在雨里哭，她把我送回了家。(时间状语从句)
When she saw me crying in the rain，she took me to my home.
5．我父母非常感激她的慷慨帮助，并请她留下来吃晚饭。
My parents were very appreciative of her generous help and asked her to stay to have dinner.
6．我下定决心尽最大努力去帮助需要帮助的人。
I decided to try my best to help those in need.
第三步　句式升级
1．用非谓语动词改写句1。
I will not forget the incident happening when I was about six years old.
2．用定语从句改写句2。
I got lost in the heavy rain，which made me very nervous.
3．用非谓语动词改写句3。
I stood there，not knowing what to do.
4．用非谓语动词改写句4。
Seeing me crying in the rain，she took me to my home.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80个词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
I will not forget the incident happening when I was about six years old.One day，I was playing alone outdoors.Suddenly，it began to rain heavily.I got lost in the heavy rain，which made me very nervous.I stood there，not knowing what to do.Just then an enthusiastic woman walked past.Seeing me crying in the rain，she stopped to ask me and took me to my home.When we arrived home，we were both wet.My parents were very appreciative of her generous help and asked her to stay to have dinner，but she left in a hurry.
From then on，I decided to try my best to help those in need.I’m sure that I will be happier if I help others.

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