资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1．bounce v．(使)弹起，(使)反弹
2．teammate n．队友
3．footstep n．脚步声；足迹
4．philosophy n．人生哲学
5．cheat v．欺骗，作弊
6．net n．球网
7．burst v．突然出现
8．vivid adj.生动的，逼真的
9．self-belief n．自信
10．surgery n．外科手术
11．defeat v．战胜，打败
12．seize v．夺取；抓住
13．teamwork n．合作，协作
14．tournament n．锦标赛
15．a far cry from 与……大不相同
16．give way倒塌，向下垮
17．follow in one’s footsteps仿效某人；继承某人(尤指家人)的事业
18．carry on继续
19．beyond one’s expectations超出某人的预期
20．in a row连续地
21．burst onto突然出现在……(指突然成功)
22．pay off取得成功
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．shiny adj.光滑发亮的，闪光的→shine v．闪光
2．association n．协会，社团→associate vt.联系→associated adj.关联的；联合的
3．muddy adj.沾满泥的，泥泞的→mud n．泥
4．shot n．投球，射球，击球→shoot v．射击，射中
5．sharpen v．使提高，使改进；使变锋利→sharp adj.尖的，锋利的→sharply adv.急剧地
6．expectation n．预料，预期→expect v．预料，期待→expected adj.预期的，预料的→unexpected adj.预料之外的
7．opponent n．(竞争、比赛等的)对手；反对者→oppose vi.反对(计划、政策等)；(在竞赛中)与……对垒→opposed adj.强烈反对的；截然不同的→opposite adj.相反的；对面的→opposition n．反对；对立
8．remarkable adj.非凡的；不寻常的→remark n．言论；谈论；评论 vt.& vi.谈论，评论；谈到
9．assign v．分配，分派→assignment n．(分配的)任务
10．steely adj.钢铁般的；坚定的→steel n．钢铁
11．cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperate v．合作，协作→cooperator n．合作者→cooperative adj.合作的；配合的；协作的
12．intense adj.紧张的，激烈的→intension n．紧张→intensive adj.密集的；彻底的
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．Shall a shot for a goal end when the ball touches the backboard in a basketball game n．篮板
2．The little girl bumped her head on a coffee table and got a large bump on her forehead.v.碰撞　n．隆起之处
3．Warriors armed with bows，arrows and spears have invaded their villages.n.武士，战士
4．The ace spiker suddenly dropped a shot, and took the opponents by surprise.n.(排球队的)扣球队员，主攻手
5．To keep fit，I have signed up for an advanced yoga class in our community.n.瑜伽
6．The typical Bollywood movie usually has the following ingredients.n.(完成某事的)要素，因素
7．He stepped on the podium with the warm applause from audience.n.表演台，讲台
8．Though they were defeated in the quarter-final，they didn’t give up but worked harder，and finally they made a glorious comeback，winning the semi-final with their strong nerve and willpower.n.四分之一决赛 　n．东山再起　n．半决赛 n．意志力
association n．协会，社团；联盟；联系，交往；联想(associate v．交往；联系；联想 associated adj.关联的；联合的)
in association with与……联合；与……相联系
associate...with...把……与……联系起来
associate with sb 与某人交往；与某人混在一起
be associated with与……有关
(1)There are many serious health problems in association(associate) with smoking.
(2)We associated with all sorts of people to guarantee the smooth going of the contest.
(3)As the warrior was associated with a murder case，he was arrested.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
→Associated with a murder case，the warrior was arrested.
[写作佳句]
(4)(话题写作之健康的生活方式)健康的生活方式通常被认为与锻炼、心境和饮食等有关。
A healthy lifestyle is often considered to be associated with exercise，mood，diet and so on.
expectation n．预料，预期；期望；盼望(expect vt.期待，期望；预料，预期 expected adj.预期的，预料的 unexpected adj.预料之外的)
beyond one’s expectations 超出某人的预期
live up to/meet one’s expectations不负某人所望，达到某人的期望
in expectation of预料，期望
expect (sb) to do sth 预计/期望(某人)做某事
be expected to do被期望，被要求；预计做……
as expected正如所料；不出所料
(1)Policemen are probing into the car accident in expectation(expect) of an outcome.
(2)We cannot expect to make(make) remarkable progress in such a short time.
(3)As expected(expect)，he achieved championship in the tournament and his efforts paid off.
[写作佳句]
(4)(读后续写之情感描写)听到这个意外的消息，他呆住了，一下也动不了。
Hearing the unexpected news，he froze and couldn’t move an inch.
(5)(应用文写作之求职信)我真的很想得到这个宝贵的机会，我保证我能达到您的期望。
I really want to obtain this precious opportunity and I guarantee that I can live up to/meet your expectations.
cheat v．欺骗，作弊
cheat sb out of sth 骗走某人某物
cheat sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事
get cheated被骗
(1)People making friends online are afraid of getting cheated(cheat)．
(2)The man cheated his teammates into believing(believe) he was a wealthy man.
(3)To everyone’s astonishment，he should cheat his partners out of their money during their cooperation.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之通知)请记住，任何被发现在考试中作弊的人都将受到严厉惩罚。
Keep in mind that anybody (who is) found cheating in the exam shall be severely punished.
burst v．突然出现；使爆裂 n．突然破裂；爆发
burst on/onto突然出现在……(指突然成功)
burst in闯进；破门而入
burst into突然开始……；突然爆发……
burst out突然……起来
a burst of一阵……
(1)There is no doubt that a major new talent has burst on/onto the literary scene.
(2)We were talking about the next semi-final happily when Mike burst in.
(3)The lovely boy burst into tears in public，which made all the guests burst out laughing.
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之活动介绍)演讲一结束，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。
The audience burst into thunderous applause as soon as the speech was over.
(5)(读后续写之情感描写)她感到一阵惊慌，但强迫自己平静地离开了。
A burst of panic flooded over her，but she forced herself to leave calmly.
assign v．分配，分派；布置(作业、任务等)；指定，指派[assignment n．(分配的)任务]
assign sb sth＝assign sth to sb 分配给某人某物
assign sb to do sth 指派某人做某事
(1)Our teacher assigned us to write(write) an essay on philosophy.
(2)The association has already assigned a holiday task to each of us.
(3)When you’re done，throw it all away and dive into your new assignment(assign)．
[写作佳句]
(4)我很荣幸被指派负责此次活动，我将抓住机会促进我们的合作。
I feel greatly honored to be assigned to charge the activity and I’ll seize the chance to promote our cooperation.
give way 倒塌，向下垮；让步，屈服(to)
give way to给……让路
give in屈服；投降；让步；上交
give out分配；分发；用光；筋疲力尽；公布；宣布
give up放弃；认输
give off放出；发出(光、热、气味等)
give away泄露；赠送
用以上短语的适当形式填空
(1)The enthusiastic couple gave away most of their fortune to the poor in their small town.
(2)These wild flowers give off a delightful smell，which makes the people around feel fresh.
(3)When the result was given out，the boy murmured，“By no means shall I give way to my opponent.”
[写作佳句]
(4)(应用文写作之劝慰信)你决不能向任何困难屈服；继续努力，总有一天你会成功的。
Never should you give in to any difficulties；keep trying and you will make it one day.
carry on 继续
carry on (with/doing) sth 继续(做)某事
carry out实行，执行；完成，实现
carry away拿走，带走；冲走
carry off成功地处理；获得(奖品、荣誉等)
carry through成功完成；使渡过难关
(1)His courage and perseverance carried him through the difficulties.
(2)Determined to carry out the plan，they made very careful preparations.
(3)Water can carry away the soil only if it is flowing fast.
(4)Mike behaved perfectly in the game and he carried off two gold medals.
[写作佳句]
(5)她下定决心，不管发生什么，她都会坚持下去，继续接受教育。
She determined that whatever happened，she would persevere and carry on with her education.
pay off 取得成功；得到回报；付清，还清
pay for付钱买；因……付出代价
pay back偿还；报答
注意　pay off表示“得到回报”时，是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，且一般用表示事物的名词作主语；表示“还清”时，是及物动词短语，用人作主语，有被动语态。
(1)Ten years later，the young man with good endurance paid off all the debts.
(2)We are determined to do something to pay back our teachers’ hard work on Teachers’ Day.
(3)After graduation，she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
[写作佳句]
(4)正如谚语所说，“有志者，事竟成。”我们的努力早晚会得到回报。
As a proverb goes，“Where there is a will，there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off sooner or later.
fight one’s way 奋斗前行；努力开辟
push one’s way挤出来
wind one’s way蜿蜒前进
lose one’s way迷路
make one’s way (to/towards sp)前往；到……地方去
feel one’s way (黑暗中)摸索着走；谨慎行事
find one’s way (to...) 设法到达
用以上短语的适当形式填空
(1)So heavy was the fog that they had to feel their way to the castle.
(2)He tried to push/fight his way through the crowd to buy Christmas gifts.
(3)He managed to find his way to the airport，but was late for the flight.
(4)Unfortunately，we lost our way in the deep forest and had no choice but to wait for rescue hopelessly.
[写作佳句]
(5)长城像一条巨龙蜿蜒穿过中国北方。
The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon.
Ⅰ.一词多义
shot A.注射　B.射击手　C.投篮；射门　D.照片； 电影的 连续镜头　E.尝试
1．He was not a particularly good shot because of his eyesight. B
2．You have to get three shots of the vaccine over a period of six months. A
3．To his disappointment，he had only one shot at goal in the semi-final. C
4．(2023 新课标Ⅰ)If you’re willing to apply yourself，I think you have a good shot at this. E
5．(2023 全国乙)To make some of my landscape shots，I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. D
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．I was going to have a go at parachuting but lost my nerve at the last minute.勇气；气魄
2．In this trend，the net income of farmers has decreased year after year.纯的；净赚的
训练1　Vocabulary(A)
分值：47.5分
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题；每小题1分，共10分)
1．He suffered a stunning defeat in the election.
2．He lost in the semi-final，which was beyond our expectations.
3．It is a constant match where the greatest opponent(对手) is yourself.
4．Much to our surprise，she was found cheating(作弊) in the examination.
5．Seize the precious opportunity，otherwise you will regret sooner or later.
6．We are working in association with a local orchestra to raise money for the homeless.
7．One of his teammates(队友) was injured and he took him to the nearby hospital at once.
8．The shot(射门) was well beyond the reach of the goalkeeper，giving the player a chance.
9．He burst(突然出现) into the meeting room without knocking，which made the manager annoyed.
10．Mark Twain’s vivid description of the life on the Mississippi River made him a remarkable writer in American history.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．Work harder from now on，and your efforts will pay off some day.
2．The car got stuck in the muddy(mud) ground，making the driver upset.
3．The outcome was that the violent storm eventually gave way to sunshine.
4．You will need to complete three written assignments(assign) per semester.
5．I always associate the smell of these flowers with my delightful childhood.
6．You cannot expect her to finish(finish) this complicated work within a short time.
7．Doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the car accident to carry out the rescue.
8．It is reported that many retired people have been cheated out of a large amount of money.
9．Instead of giving up，you should strengthen your nerve and fight your(you) way bravely.
10．The old women burst into tears on learning that their belongings were carried away in the fire.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
Chinese diving queens Quan Hongchan and Chen Yuxi were，unsurprisingly，among the brightest stars on the platform at the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou in 2023.Together，the two teenagers reached the top step of the podium(领奖台) with a nearly perfect performance in women’s double diving.Then，the two young athletes battled it out in the women’s single 10m platform，when Quan outperformed Chen to win the champion.With both Quan and Chen’s final scores exceeding 430 points，none of the other divers came close，including the bronze medalist(280.50)．
Quan and Chen are both the closest of partners and toughest of rivals(对手)．This seemingly complicated relationship，to themselves，however，is very simple.They are simply best friends that have grown up together.“Quan shines in so many ways and she is always energetic during training and competition.” Although Quan is always described as a talkative and funny girl by teammates，the 16-year-old is famous for giving extremely short answers to media questions.
Quan and Chen became household names in China after their performance at the Tokyo Olympics in 2021，when Quan won the women’s 10m platform gold and Chen won the silver.“As athletes，we both have the desire to win.That is why we both work extremely hard and fight for the same goal，” said Chen.“She is the best encouragement to me and our true motivation.”
But in Quan’s eyes，Chen is the more hardworking one of the two.“She always tries her best at training and competition.I’m not as hard-working as she is，” Quan added.Already collecting Olympic gold and numerous world titles，Quan and Chen stand at the top of world diving.But their sporting dreams remain unfulfilled，with both targeting gold at the Paris Olympics in 2024.“I hope my partner always has a champion’s heart to face future competitions and the challenges ahead，” said Chen. Quan，in her typically brief way，added：“I wish her the same.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国跳水运动员全红婵和陈芋汐在第19届亚运会上的表现，并强调了她们的竞技实力和团队精神。
1．What did Quan Hongchan and Chen Yuxi win in the 19th Asian Games
A．A silver and a bronze as individuals.
B．A gold and a bronze as individuals.
C．The gold together as partners.
D．The bronze together as partners.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Together，the two teenagers reached the top step of the podium(领奖台) with a nearly perfect performance in women’s double diving.”可知，两人在女子双人跳水比赛中获得了金牌。故选C。
2．What is Quan Hongchan and Chen Yuxi’s next goal according to the text
A．To win the women’s 10m platform gold.
B．To collect more Olympic golds and world titles.
C．To have a champion’s heart to face future competitions.
D．To win the gold medal at the Paris Olympics in 2024.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“But their sporting dreams remain unfulfilled，with both targeting gold at the Paris Olympics in 2024.”可知，全红婵和陈芋汐的下一个目标是在2024年的巴黎奥运会上夺金。故选D。
3．What can be inferred about Quan Hongchan from the text
A．She values and appreciates her partnership with Chen Yuxi.
B．She is known for her charm and humor among her fans.
C．She is talkative and enjoys answering media questions in detail.
D．She works harder when training.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Quan and Chen are both the closest of partners and toughest of rivals(对手)．”以及最后一段中的“But in Quan’s eyes，...‘I’m not as hard-working as she is，’ Quan added.”可知，全红婵和陈芋汐是最好的朋友和最强劲的对手，而且全红婵高度评价了陈芋汐。由此推知，全红婵很珍视和感激与陈芋汐的合作关系。故选A。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Best Friends，Golden Rivals
B．Toughest Challenges，Sweet Dreams
C．Rising Stars in Asian Games：Quan and Chen Shine
D．Competing for Gold：Quan and Chen’s Olympic Journey
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段中的“Chinese diving queens Quan Hongchan and Chen Yuxi were，unsurprisingly，...when Quan outperformed Chen to win the champion.”以及第二段首句“Quan and Chen are both the closest of partners and toughest of rivals(对手)．”再结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了全红婵和陈芋汐的友谊和竞技成绩，这两个人既是对手，又是最好的朋友。由此可知，A项最适合作本文标题。故选A。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Everglades National Park is the largest subtropical(亚热带的) wilderness in the country. 1 It is also the third largest national park in the lower forty-eight states，after Death Valley and Yellowstone.Each year，it’s said that more than one million people visit the Everglades.
2 The expansive wetlands stretch across more than six hundred thousand hectares.It is a place where plants and animals from the Caribbean Sea share an ecosystem with native North American species.
Unlike most other national parks，Everglades National Park was created to protect an ecosystem from damage.The Everglades is home to about fifteen species that federal officials say are threatened and endangered. 3
In addition，more than three hundred fifty bird species and three hundred species of fresh and saltwater fish live within the park.The Everglades is also home to forty species of mammals and fifty reptile species.
4 They include what is said to be the largest growth of mangrove trees in the western world.Gumbo-limbo trees，known for their peeling red skin，strangler figs and royal palms are also among the area’s plant life.Besides this，the country’s largest living mahogany tree also lives in the Everglades.
In the past few years，environmental experts have learned about the damage to the Everglades.They say the balance of nature there has been destroyed. 5 However，efforts to protect the area are continuing in order that people from all over the world may continue visiting this biological treasure.
A．The future of the Everglades is not clear.
B．Visitors to the Everglades will see many exotic plants.
C．The park is home to several rare and endangered species.
D．Experts believe that the Everglades has a very bright future.
E．The park is very beautiful and attracts millions of tourists every year.
F．The Everglades is considered one of the great biological wonders of the world.
G．They include the Florida panther，the American crocodile and the West Indian manatee.
1．答案　C
解析　根据上文可知，大沼泽地国家公园是美国最大的亚热带荒野。结合下文可知，它也是美国本土48个州的第三大国家公园，仅次于死亡谷和黄石公园，因此推知第一段主要介绍了大沼泽地国家公园的总体情况。C项“该公园是一些稀有和濒危物种的家园”承接上文，并引起下文“It is also...”。故选C。
2．答案　F
解析　空处为段落主题句。根据下文可知，广阔的湿地面积超过60万公顷。在这里，来自加勒比海的动植物与北美本土物种共享一个生态系统。由此可知，F项“大沼泽地被认为是世界上最伟大的生物奇迹之一”符合本段主旨。故选F。
3．答案　G
解析　根据上文可知，大沼泽地是大约15种联邦认定的濒危物种的家园。G项“它们包括佛罗里达豹、美洲鳄和西印度海牛”符合语境，G项中的They是指上文的fifteen species，此选项是对上文濒危物种的举例。故选G。
4．答案　B
解析　空处为段落主题句。根据本段中“the largest growth of mangrove trees”“Gumbo-limbo trees”“strangler figs and royal palms”等内容可知，本段主要介绍大沼泽地的奇异植物。B项“到大沼泽地的游客会看到许多奇异的植物”符合语境。故选B。
5．答案　A
解析　根据上文“他们说那里的自然平衡已经被破坏了”以及下文“然而，保护该地区的努力仍在继续，以便世界各地的人们可以继续参观这个生物宝藏”可知，A项“大沼泽地的未来并不明朗”承接上文，且与下文构成转折关系。故选A。
训练2　Vocabulary(B)
分值：35分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Thirty-five years ago，with just one acre of land，a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope，one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine(饥荒) on his continent.
News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo.Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith，he travelled back to Africa.There，he found a continent ecologically rich，diverse and capable of producing food.He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger，and that sustainability had been left out.
Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security，but also help the environment and create jobs.In 1985，he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin.
Nzamujo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques.He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success.But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots，and his father—a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.
Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs.They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding.People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.
After seeing success on his first zero waste farm，he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa.Today，the Songhai model is applied across the continent，including Nigena，Uganda，Sierra Leone and Liberia.Nzamujo says they’ve trained more than 7,000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30,000 people in total since it began.
Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat hunger，unemployment and environmental declines.And he wants to see it go further.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学识渊博且有责任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲，设计“零浪费”农业系统，创立“淞亥”农场，帮助那里的人们缓解饥荒问题。
1．Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes
A．Poor soil. B．Water shortage.
C．Lack of resources. D．Unsustainability.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“He believes drought wasn’t...sustainability had been left out.”可知，在Nzamujo看来，可持续性是被人们忽略了的一个原因，即农业的不可持续性问题没有被注意到。故选D。
2．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3
A．Introduce a solution.
B．Give examples to the readers.
C．Add some background information.
D．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，Nzamujo于1985年开始了他的可持续性农田项目，结合上文他认为干旱不是导致饥荒的唯一原因，可持续性被忽视了可知，这是一种解决方案。故选A。
3．How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine
A．By offering land.
B．By trading seeds.
C．By educating farmers.
D．By selling technology.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，Songhai项目开设了很多农业课程，通过培训农民来帮助缓解饥荒问题。故选C。
4．Which of the following can best describe Nzamujo
A．Critical and careful.
B．Learned and responsible.
C．Optimistic and generous.
D．Considerate and ambitious.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“News of the drought across Africa...he travelled back to Africa.”以及后文中Nzamujo的努力可知，获得微生物学博士学位的Nzamujo得知非洲人民遭受饥荒时，带着自己的知识和信仰回到非洲，去帮助那里的人们。由此可推知，Nzamujo不但学识渊博而且有责任心。故选B。
B
Mike Leach，the bad-tempered and pioneering college football coach who helped completely change the passing game with the Air Raid offense(进攻)，died from a heart condition at the age of 61.“Mike was a giving and attentive husband，father and grandfather.He was able to take part in organ donation at UMMC as a final act of charity，” the family said in a statement.
In 21 seasons as a head coach at Texas Tech，Washington State and Mississippi State，Leach went 158－107.His impact on all levels of football—from high school to the NFL—over the last two decades runs deep and will continue for years to come.Mississippi State President Mark Keenum said，“His passing brings great sadness to our university，to the South-eastern Conference，and to all who loved college football.”
Leach’s teams were continuing winners at programs where success did not come easy.And his quarterbacks put up massive passing statistics，running a relatively simple offense called the Air Raid that he did not invent but certainly mastered.
“You have to make choices and limit what you’re going to teach and what you’re going to do.That’s the hard part，” Leach told the AP about the Air Raid’s economical playbook.After years of questions about whether Leach’s spread offense could be successful in the nation’s most talented football conference，the Bulldogs set an SEC record for yards passing in his very first game against defending national champion LSU.
In 1987，he broke into college coaching at Cal Poly，but it was at Iowa Wesleyan that he found his muse.Head coach Hal Mumme had invented the Air Raid while coaching high school in Texas.At Iowa Wesleyan，with Leach as offensive coordinator(协调者)，it began to take hold and completely change the way football was played.
From then，the Air Raid spread like wild and became the noticeable way offense was run in the Big 12.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迈克·里奇对橄榄球运动的影响，其目的在于纪念他。
5．Which word best describes Mike Leach as a football coach
A．Friendly. B．Generous.
C．Influential. D．Demanding.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句和第二段前两句“In 21 seasons as a head coach at Texas Tech，...will continue for years to come.”可知，迈克·里奇改变了橄榄球比赛，对各个级别的橄榄球比赛都有深远影响。由此可知，他是一个很有影响力的人。故选C。
6．What makes the Air Raid popular
A．Leach’s profitable playbook.
B．Leach’s spread of it.
C．The defending of Leach’s teams.
D．The easy access to it.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据文章第四段第二句、第五段最后一句和第六段可知，正是迈克·里奇的传播让Air Raid成为引人注目的进攻方式。故选B。
7．What does the underlined word “muse” refer to in paragraph 5
A．Fan. B．Boss.
C．Invention. D．Inspiration.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据文章第五段“In 1987，...with Leach as offensive coordinator(协调者)，it began to take hold and completely change the way football was played.”可知，里奇是在爱荷华卫斯理学院找到了muse，结合后面的主教练Hal Mumme发明了Air Raid，而里奇将Air Raid发扬光大可推知，muse为名词，表示“灵感，创作源泉”。故选D。
8．What is the purpose of this text
A．To explain passing skills.
B．To encourage donations.
C．To honour Mike Leach.
D．To introduce Hal Mumme.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。阅读全文内容可知，文章第一段介绍了迈克·里奇是谁，第二、三、四、五、六段则重点介绍了迈克·里奇对橄榄球运动的影响。由此可推知，本文的写作目的在于纪念迈克·里奇。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
The phrase “One Person Can Make a Difference” is one of those sayings that great importance 1. (attach) to when we teach youngsters—to encourage them to do something 2. (significance), to help another person, or to dream big about how they will change the world.
3． adults, do we really believe this I am writing to tell you that indeed “one person can”， because I know one person did an act of kindness 4. changed my life and the lives of millions more.
Almost 15 years ago while 5. (drive) across town, I was listening to a radio interview and heard an inspiring story of 6. (generous).7. woman had carried in ten winter coats through the Thanksgiving weekend crowds on mass transportation 8.______________(donate) them at the One Warm Coat drive.She knew the city had many people in need.
She was only one person, yet it was her action that made me realize that more people would be able to donate if there were more drop-off locations.In the past 15 years, One Warm Coat 9._________(inspire) the donation of over 4 million coats across the country.As the National Founder, I feel 10. (extreme) warm, knowing that we are capable of making a real difference.
So when you wonder “Will it really matter？” I can tell you that it will!
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述一位女士在感恩节带着十件冬衣穿过人群去捐赠的故事，来告诉我们“一个人可以创造不同”这个道理。
1．答案　is attached
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空格处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，描述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。attach与importance之间为动宾关系，故应用被动语态，且importance为不可数名词，故be动词用is。故填is attached。
2．答案　significant
解析　考查形容词。空格处应填入形容词作后置定语修饰不定代词something。significance的形容词形式为significant。故填significant。
3．答案　As
解析　考查介词。结合句意，此处表示“作为”，应用介词as，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
4．答案　that/which
解析　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰名词act “行为”，并在从句中作主语，故可用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。
5．答案　driving
解析　考查非谓语动词。空格处应填入非谓语动词作状语，且drive“开车”与句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词表主动。故填driving。
6．答案　generosity
解析　考查名词。空格前的of为介词，故空格处应填入名词作宾语。generous的名词形式为generosity “慷慨”，且为不可数名词。故填generosity。
7．答案　A
解析　考查冠词。此处泛指一名女士，且woman发音以辅音音素开头。位于句首需大写，故填A。
8．答案　to donate
解析　考查非谓语动词。结合句意，这位女士带着冬衣穿过拥挤的人群，是为了去捐赠衣服，故用不定式表目的。故填to donate。
9．答案　has inspired
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the past 15 years可知，谓语动词的时态为现在完成时，主语One Warm Coat为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has inspired。
10．答案　extremely
解析　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰形容词warm。故填extremely。Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the main idea of the passage
A．What Stephen Curry’s father was like.
B．What Stephen Curry’s coach thought of him.
C．How Stephen Curry became a successful basketball player.
D．Why Stephen Curry’s fans are fond of him.
答案　C
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．Why did the muddy basketball court help make Stephen a creative and flexible player
A．He had to adjust his playing style constantly.
B．The poor training conditions inspired him to struggle.
C．His father set up a shaky backboard for him there.
D．He was good at aiming his ball at the heavy，thick basket.
答案　A
2．What does the second paragraph say about Stephen Curry
A．Confidence and creativity.
B．Hard work and perseverance.
C．Self-belief and determination.
D．Creativity and self-belief.
答案　B
3．What did Stephen’s high school teammates and coaches think of him
A．They thought he could follow in his father’s footsteps.
B．They didn’t think he could continue his father’s glory.
C．They believed he could succeed with his creativity and perseverance.
D．They were convinced that he was born to be a basketball star.
答案　B
4．When did Stephen win his first NBA championship
A．In 1975. B．In 2009. C．In 2015. D．In 2017.
答案　C
5．What can we learn from Stephen Curry’s example
A．Seeing is believing.
B．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
C．Anything is possible for a willing heart.
D．When in Rome，do as the Romans do.
答案　C
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
Stephen Curry’s grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic 1.to a telephone pole.Stephen spent many childhood hours playing on this 2.muddy(mud) basketball court.It was 3.where he learnt to be creative and flexible as a player.4.Knowing(know) where the ball would go wasn’t easy in those poor conditions.He had to adjust his own playing style as a result.Shooting with great 5.accuracy(accurate) was another thing he learnt.Practising day in and day out helped Stephen 6.sharpen(sharp) his skills.Many people didn’t think he would be a successful basketball player,7.but he never gave up.His creativity and perseverance made him Davidson’s star player.8.Selected(select) for the NBA in 2009，he performed beyond everyone’s 9.expectations(expectation) with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts.Stephen won his first NBA championship in 2015.After receiving the Most Valuable Player award for two years in a row，Stephen explained his philosophy.In his opinion，what he wanted to do was just be himself.What he did was to work every single day 10.to get(get) better.At the same time，what others thought of him didn’t influence what he became.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．It was along this road that Stephen’s grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole.(P34 Para.1)
结构分析：本句为强调句型，强调地点状语along this road；该句型的构成是It is/was＋被强调部分＋who/that＋其他部分；by attaching...pole是方式状语。
汉语翻译：正是在这条路上，斯蒂芬的祖父把一块塑料贴到电线杆上，建了一个简易篮筐。
2．He probably(probable) didn’t realise it at the time，but it was where he learnt to be creative and flexible as a player.(P34 Para.2)
结构分析：本句是由but连接的并列句；but后的分句中的where引导表语从句。
汉语翻译：尽管当时他可能并没有意识到，但就是在这里，他学会了如何成为一名有创造力、能够灵活变通的篮球运动员。
3．The bumps and rocks that lined the road under the basket caused the ball to bounce(bounce) in all directions.(P34 Para.2)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句；主句的谓语动词是caused；that lined the road under the basket是定语从句，引导词that在从句中作主语，修饰先行词The bumps and rocks。
汉语翻译：篮筐下的小路凹凸不平，布满了石块，篮球也因此弹向四面八方。
4．Only shots perfectly(perfect) aimed at its centre went into the heavy，thick basket.(P35 Para.2)
结构分析：本句是简单句；主语是shots；谓语动词是went；aimed at是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰shots。
汉语翻译：只有完美地瞄准中心，篮球才能进入厚重的篮筐。
5．He finally ended up playing(play) college ball at a small，little-known school，Davidson College，not too far from where he lived.(P35 Para.3)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句；主句的谓语动词是ended up...，意为“最终……”；Davidson College是a small，little-known school的同位语；not too far from...是形容词短语作后置定语；where引导的是宾语从句。
汉语翻译：终于，斯蒂芬在规模不大且鲜为人知的戴维森学院成为一名大学篮球赛的球员，这所学院离他家不算远。
6．His creativity(create) and perseverance made him Davidson’s star player.(P35 Para.3)
结构分析：本句是简单句；made him Davidson’s star player是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构；宾语补足语为名词短语Davidson’s star player。
汉语翻译：斯蒂芬凭借自己的创造性和毅力成为戴维森学院的明星球员。
7．What I wanted to do was just be myself(I)...(P36 Para.5)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句；What引导主语从句，在从句中作do的宾语。
汉语翻译：我只想做我自己……
8．Inspiring others to believe in themselves(they)，Stephen Curry is living proof that what other people think of you does not have to influence what you become.(P36 Para.5)
结构分析：本句是主从复合句；主句的主语是Stephen Curry；Inspiring...是现在分词短语作状语，表明inspire与主语是主动关系；主句中的that引导同位语从句，解释说明living proof的内容；that从句中的第一个what引导主语从句，并在该从句中作宾语；第二个what引导宾语从句，并在该从句中作表语。
汉语翻译：斯蒂芬 库里激励着所有人去相信自己，他也生动地证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么人。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
sb be thought to do...
Despite his father’s successful career，Stephen was thought by many people，including his high school teammates and coaches，to be too short，too thin and too weak to follow in his father’s footsteps.(P35 Para.3)
尽管父亲的职业生涯很成功，但是斯蒂芬的高中队友和教练等很多人都认为他太矮太瘦弱，无法延续他父亲的荣耀。
结构分析：本句是简单句；despite意为“尽管，虽然”；Sb be thought to do...意为“某人被认为……”；follow in one’s footsteps意为“继承某人的事业”。
本句中含有Sb be thought to do...结构。其常见形式为：
Sb/Sth be thought/said/believed/...to do/to be doing/to have done...某人/某物被认为……/据说/人们相信某人/某物……
上述结构可转换为以下结构：
It is thought/said/believed that...人们认为……/据说……/人们相信……
(1)他的队友被认为与这场事故有关。
His teammate is believed to be associated with the accident.
→It is believed that his teammate is associated with the accident.
(2)据说下周五将在学校礼堂举行校园才艺表演。
A campus talent show is said to be held in the school hall next Friday.
→It is said that a campus talent show will be held in the school hall next Friday.
(3)马克 吐温被公认为美国文学史上最优秀的作家之一。
Mark Twain is recognized as one of the best writers in American literary history.
过去分词(短语)作状语
Selected for the NBA in 2009，Stephen joined the Golden State Warriors.(P36 Para.4)
2009年，斯蒂芬入选NBA，加入了金州勇士队。
结构分析：本句中的Selected for the NBA in 2009是过去分词短语作状语。
过去分词(短语)作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，但有时过去分词也表示主语的状态。过去分词(短语)作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等。
(1)As the boy was blamed by his teacher，he was in low spirits.
→Blamed by his teacher，the boy was in low spirits.(用非谓语动词作状语改写)
(2)因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
Because he was caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.(状语从句)
→Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.(过去分词短语作状语)
(3)从太空看，地球是个蓝色的星球。
Seen from the space，the earth is a blue planet.
课文重点词块默写
1．与……大不相同a far cry from
2．把……附在/贴在……上attach...to...
3．倒塌，向下垮give way
4．朝四面八方in all directions
5．因此 as a result
6．对准，瞄准be aimed at
7．日复一日day in and day out
8．仿效某人；继承某人(尤指家人)的事业follow in one’s footsteps
9．继续carry on
10．最终……end up doing sth
11．远离；完全不far from
12．超出某人的预期beyond one’s expectations
13．不断的努力continuous efforts
14．连续地in a row
15．着手做某事set out to do sth
16．投入put in
17．相信believe in
18．生动的证明living proof
训练3　Understanding ideas(A)
分值：40分
Ⅰ.单句写作(应用文写作之活动介绍)(共15分)
1．据说下个月我们市将举行半程马拉松比赛。(It is said that...)
It is said that a half-marathon will be held in our city next month.
2．在全民体育意识的鼓舞下，许多人已经积极报名参加。(过去分词短语作状语)
Inspired by the awareness of sports for all，many people have already signed up for it actively.
3．正是这种热情引起了我的兴趣，我也决心参与其中。(强调句式)
It is this enthusiasm that arouses my interest and I am determined to participate in it as well.
4．我想要的不是赢得比赛，而是通过此次活动锻炼身体，增强意志力。(what引导主语从句)
What I wanted is not winning the game but building up my body and strengthening my willpower through it.
5．我坚信这一定会让我受益匪浅。(make＋宾语＋宾补)
I firmly believe that it will definitely/surely make me benefit from it a lot.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
It is said that a half-marathon will be held in our city next month.Inspired by the awareness of sports for all，many people have already signed up for it actively.It is this enthusiasm that arouses my interest and I am determined to participate in it as well.What I wanted is not winning the game but building up my body and strengthening my willpower through it.I firmly believe that it will definitely/surely make me benefit from it a lot.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
Simone Biles was born in 1997.Soon，her parents found that she couldn’t sit still.When she was 6 years old，her day-care group went on a field trip to a gym.Simone loved watching the gymnasts train and enjoyed their performances.She couldn’t just watch them，though—she had to try their moves.She was so good that one of the coaches sent a letter home to her，inviting Simone to take gymnastics classes.
Simone loved the classes，and she was excellent at climbing，swinging，jumping，and tumbling(翻筋斗)．Though she had a lot to learn，the coaches could hardly keep up with Simone.When one girl performed a standing back tuck(翻折)，Simone was sure she could do one too.Her coach didn’t believe her，so Simone tried the trick and made it on the spot.
At 9，Simone learned why she couldn’t sit still：She had ADHD(多动症)．Her brain moved fast and her body did too—which made it hard for her to concentrate in school but which also made her an amazing gymnast.“The challenges we face help define who we are，” Simone wrote.“My challenge is also my superpower.” Simone’s superpower would help make her one of the most dynamic gymnasts ever seen.
Simone is one of the greatest athletes in history.At age 16，she won two gold medals at the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships(AGWC)，including the all-around(the total score from competing in all events)．She has now won 25 world medals,19 of them gold.That’s the most in world gymnastics history.
Simone competed in her first Olympics in 2016.She was the first female U．S.gymnast to win four gold medals in an Olympic Games.Since then，Simone has debuted(首次呈现)some moves never successfully done in world competitions，including a double-double dismount(下马) from the balance beam.The move became known as the Biles.Several signature moves have been named after Simone.
1．Who found Simone Biles’ gymnastics talent
A．Her parents.
B．A tour guide.
C．A gymnastics coach.
D．Her kindergarten teacher.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“She was so good that one of the coaches sent a letter home to her，inviting Simone to take gymnastics classes.”可知，是一位体操教练发现了西蒙·拜尔斯的体操天赋。故选C。
2．What brought Simone the gift of gymnastics
A．A disease. B．An accident.
C．A superpower. D．A family tradition.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的第一、二句“At 9，Simone learned why she couldn’t sit still：She had ADHD(多动症)．..but which also made her an amazing gymnast.”可知，是多动症这种疾病赋予了西蒙·拜尔斯体操天赋。故选A。
3．Which is one of Simone Biles’ achievements
A．She has now won 25 world gold medals.
B．Some competitions are named after Simone.
C．She won two gold medals at AGWC in 2013.
D．She competed in her first Olympics at 21.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据文章第四段的第二句“At age 16，she won two gold medals at the Artistic Gymnastics World Championships(AGWC)．..”以及第一段的第一句“Simone Biles was born in 1997.”可知，她在1997年出生，她16岁的时候是2013年，所以她在2013年夺得了体操世锦赛的两枚金牌。故选C。
4．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A research paper.
B．A travel brochure.
C．A chemistry textbook.
D．A sports magazine.
答案　D
解析　文章出处题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了体操运动员西蒙·拜尔斯的经历。由此推知，本文选自体育杂志。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
It’s been seven months since I arrived in Melbourne，Australia.Things have 1 dramatically in a short time.During the first few weeks，I was nervous but 2 to begin a whole new life here. 3 ，after several weeks，the excitement 4 and homesickness set in.It wasn’t a powerful feeling but enough to make me sleepless at night 5 my family and friends back home.How I wished I could have been with them!
Things started to 6 after I spent some wonderful time with my new friends in Melbourne.We practiced languages，talked about cultural differences and saw some places of interest as a 7 .I was deeply impressed by how 8 it is to have such good people in one’s life，because they can make such a(n) 9 .
10 to Melbourne after going home for Christmas felt like returning to a second 11 ，a place where I belonged and there were people I cared so much about.With days passing by，more and more people 12 my life; they came with not only kindness and 13 ，but also novel ideas and anything that great friends could have.
To travel and visit other places around the world is one of the most 14 things you can do in life. 15 other cultures and learning about the whole world are such meaningful things to do.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者搬到墨尔本后，由之前渴望新生活转变到开始想家念家，最后在朋友的陪伴下适应了新的环境的故事。
1．A.passed B．disappeared
C．changed D．stopped
答案　C
解析　根据上文“It’s been seven months since I arrived in Melbourne”可知作者到新的环境已经七个月了，结合本段第三、四句和“dramatically in a short time”可推知，他身边的事情发生了巨大的变化。故选C。
2．A.frightened B．eager
C．worried D．content
答案　B
解析　结合常识和下文“to begin a whole new life”可推知，作者搬到了一个新的地方，自然渴望开始新的生活。故选B。
3．A.However B．Therefore
C．Meanwhile D．Moreover
答案　A
解析　根据上文“to begin a whole new life here”和下文“homesickness set in”可知，作者的情绪由之前渴望新生活转变到开始想家，前后文有转折关系。故选A。
4．A.built up B．came back
C．took over D．died down
答案　D
解析　build up增进；come back回来；take over接管；die down逐渐消失。根据“homesickness set in”可推知，之前的兴奋逐渐消失了。故选D。
5．A.missing B．blaming
C．charging D．appealing
答案　A
解析　根据上文“homesickness set in”和下文“How I wished I could have been with them！”可知，作者开始想念家乡的家人和朋友。故选A。
6．A.happen B．improve
C．increase D．worsen
答案　B
解析　根据下文“after I spent some wonderful time with my new friends”可推知，作者有了朋友的陪伴，情况开始改善。故选B。
7．A.group B．newcomer
C．community D．visitor
答案　A
解析　根据上文“with my new friends”可知，他们是一群人，一个团体。故选A。
8．A.rare B．pitiful
C．romantic D．important
答案　D
解析　结合文中发生在作者身上的事情，再根据上文“I was deeply impressed”和下文“have such good people in one’s life，because they can make such a(n) ”可知，作者意识到有朋友的重要性。故选D。
9．A.commitment B．impression
C．difference D．remark
答案　C
解析　根据上文“Things started to after I spent some wonderful time with my new friends”可知，朋友的陪伴让作者的生活发生了变化，产生了很大的影响。make a difference有影响。故选C。
10．A.Adapting B．Returning
C．Referring D．Belonging
答案　B
解析　根据“after going home for Christmas felt like returning to”可知，作者在家过完圣诞节后，回到墨尔本。故选B。
11．A.school B．world
C．town D．home
答案　D
解析　根据下文“a place where I belonged and there were people I cared so much about”可知，作者把墨尔本看作第二个家。故选D。
12．A.entered B．rescued
C．ruined D．controlled
答案　A
解析　根据下文“they came with not only kindness and ，but also novel ideas and anything that great friends could have”可知，更多的人走进了作者的生活。故选A。
13．A.appreciation B．company
C．interaction D．inquiry
答案　B
解析　结合常识和上文“came with not only kindness”与下文“anything that great friends could have”可推知，好朋友带来的是友善和陪伴。故选B。
14．A.difficult B．costly
C．painful D．rewarding
答案　D
解析　根据下文“learning about the whole world are such meaningful things to do”可知，去世界各地旅行和参观是有意义的事情。故选D。
15．A.Spreading B．Developing
C．Experiencing D．Influencing
答案　C
解析　根据上文“To travel and visit other places around the world”和下文“learning about the whole world”可知，只有去世界各地体验其他文化，才能了解世界。故选C。
训练4　Understanding ideas(B)
分值：32.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Most people choose to take it easy after they retire，but Wang Guilan，an old lady from Liaoning Province，is definitely not one of them.She only started running at the age of 50，as a way to keep in shape，but soon realized it was her passion.She ran her first marathon in 2004 and hasn’t stopped since then.From 2005 to 2017 she completed the annual Beijing Marathon thirteen times，and this year she set a new record，becoming the oldest person to ever complete the 168-kilometer marathon.
So，how does a 70-year-old stay in good-enough shape to complete a marathon while many people cannot As a matter of fact，Wang runs at least 20 kilometers every day from Monday to Saturday，and on Sunday she runs some more alongside the members of her long-distance running club.She prefers running on mountain roads in her hometown，but in winter，when the weather doesn’t allow it，she runs on ordinary roads.
Wang is also a fan of mountaineering，and participated in the International Mount Taishan Climbing Festival，where she managed to rank 27th out of thousands of participants.She once participated in an extreme challenge，where she had to run 208 track laps while staying awake for 48 hours.
Remarkably，Wang has suffered almost no injuries to her knees or ankles over the years，which she attributes to her difficult childhood—that hardened both her body and spirit.The only serious problem is the cataracts(白内障) affecting eyes，which is why she completed some of the marathons with the help of a headlamp.
Wang is a firm believer that age is just a number，and plans to continue running marathons and enjoying the sunset of her life as long as her health allows.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述一位50岁的退休女士偶然喜爱上跑马拉松并且一直坚持了下来。文章旨在告诉人们无论多大年龄都应该运动的道理。
1．Why did Wang Guilan get down to running initially
A．Because she wanted to keep fit.
B．Because she had a passion for it.
C．Because she decided to set a record.
D．Because she desired for a life full of challenges.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“She only started running at the age of 50，as a way to keep in shape，but soon realized it was her passion.”可知，她最初跑步的目的是保持健康。故选A项。
2．Which of the following words can best describe Wang
A．Adventurous and intelligent.
B．Ambitious and generous.
C．Enthusiastic and determined.
D．Diligent and modest.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。从第一段“...but soon realized it was her passion.She ran her first marathon in 2004 and hasn’t stopped since then.”可知，她对跑步充满了热情；从最后一段“Wang is a firm believer that age is just a number，and plans to continue running marathons and enjoying the sunset of her life as long as her health allows.”可知，她是一个意志坚定的人。故选C项。
3．The underlined word “attributes” in the fourth paragraph can be replaced by “ ”．
A．commits B．contributes
C．leads D．owes
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。画线词所在句为非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的“Remarkably，Wang has suffered almost no injuries to her knees or ankles over the years”，由此可推知，此处指“她把膝盖和脚踝没有受过伤这件事归因于她艰难的童年生活”，attribute意为“把……归因于”，故选D项。
4．What can be inferred about Wang Guilan from the last paragraph
A．She enjoys admiring the sunset while running.
B．Her plan to continue running will never be given up.
C．She believes age matters a lot if you keep running.
D．Nothing but her physical condition can affect her running.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，只要健康状况允许，她就会一直跑下去，所以除了她的身体状况，没什么能影响她跑步。故选D项。
B
Move over soccer，basketball and football；there’s a new competition sweeping Australia.It’s competitive bird calling.Yes，bird calling!
Scores of kids in New South Wales are spending their spare time practicing for the Bournda Bird Olympics，an event that aims at young bird-callers against each other to see who can deliver the clearest，most enthusiastic and most accurate bird call.The principal of the Bournda Environmental Education Centre，Doug Reckord，encourages the kids to listen to bird calls on YouTube to prepare for the event.The children also work on identifying birds by their beaks，claws and calls.
Surprisingly，the Bournda Bird Olympics isn’t Australia’s first competition with competitive bird calling.The first competition took place in Sydney in 1912.It was supported by the Gould League of Bird Lovers，a foundation that encouraged children to bird-watch and learn about birds.
Even back then，New South Wales was the country’s bird calling leader.Students from the New South Wales region had access to much more bird sounds than city kids.They won the Dawson Memorial Shield for best bird calling six times between 1953 and 1962.Today，New South Wales is bringing back the bird calls.Led by the Bournda Environmental Education Centre，the Bournda Bird Olympics renewed in 2018.The event now features former bird calling champion，Bruce Chapman，as the “celebrity” judge.
When showtime finally arrives，three judges at the Bournda Bird Olympics rate people taking part on their enthusiasm，accuracy and clearness.The players can earn a maximum of three points in each type.Some 45 children took part in the 2022 event.The most popular bird call to imitate(模仿) was the kookaburra’s unique laugh.But the winner that year came from a girl copying a king parrot.Her call sounded so accurate that a king parrot in the trees actually called back to her.
5．What’s Doug Reckord’s attitude to bird calling
A．Curious. B．Positive.
C．Uncaring. D．Objective.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。根据第二段第二句“The principal of the Bournda Environmental Education Centre，Doug Reckord，encourages the kids to listen to bird calls on YouTube to prepare for the event.”可推知，Doug Reckord对鸟叫比赛持积极的态度。故选B。
6．What is Gould League of Bird Lovers
A．A project. B．A school club.
C．A game. D．An organization.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“It was supported by the Gould League of Bird Lovers，a foundation that encouraged children to bird-watch and learn about birds.”可知，古尔德鸟类爱好者联盟是一个组织。故选D。
7．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about
A．The basic rules of bird calling.
B．The bright future of bird calling.
C．New South Wales’ participation.
D．New South Wales’ training.
答案　C
解析　段落大意题。根据第四段中的“Even back then，New South Wales was the country’s bird calling leader.”和“They won the Dawson Memorial Shield for best bird calling six times between 1953 and 1962.Today，New South Wales is bringing back the bird calls.”可知，本段主要讲的是新南威尔士州参与鸟叫比赛的情况。故选C。
8．Why did a girl’s imitation win the 2022 event
A．It was true to life.
B．It was the sweetest.
C．It was the most popular.
D．It was full of enthusiasm.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“But the winner that year came from a girl copying a king parrot.Her call sounded so accurate that a king parrot in the trees actually called back to her.”可知，2022年一个小女孩的模仿赢得比赛的原因是她的模仿与真实的鸟叫声太像了，以至于林间的一只鹦鹉居然回应了她。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Digital Citizenship
Everyone’s talking about “digital citizenship”，but what is it？ 1 Being a “citizen” means that you belong to a group of people.Digital citizens can use technology to communicate with others online and know how to use the Internet in a safe and responsible way.Are you a good digital citizen？ 2
Stay safe
To stay safe，never give your personal information online，such as your address or the name of your school.Make sure that you create strong，secure passwords and keep them secret.Don’t tell your friends your passwords.
　3　
Just like in real life，it’s important to behave well online.For example，if you want to post a photo of someone，make sure you ask for their permission first.Remember that everybody can have their own opinion.It’s OK to disagree，but always be polite!
Be kind
Before you post a comment online，stop and think.Is it positive How will your words make someone feel？ 4 Never forward nasty messages.If you see that someone’s being bullied online，tell a parent，teacher or another adult.
Be careful
Don’t trust everyone or everything online. 5 Never open emails from strangers，click on strange links or download apps without asking an adult.They could contain viruses.If you’re not sure，ask your parents or teacher!
Spending time and learning online can be great if we’re good digital citizens.So，be safe，be responsible and have fun!
A．Keep modest.
B．Show respect.
C．Even they are familiar to you.
D．Here are some ways to be safe and responsible online.
E．We use the word “digital” to talk about computer technology.
F．Don’t say something online that you wouldn’t say in real life.
G．Remember that people online are not always who they say they are.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章就如何做一名好的数字公民这一话题，给读者提供了一些建议。
1．答案　E
解析　上文“Everyone’s talking about ‘digital citizenship’，but what is it？”指出许多人对“数字公民”究竟是什么感到疑惑。空后解释了citizen这个单词的意思。选项E解释了digital这个单词的意思，和空后一句构成了对上文问题的回答。故选E。
2．答案　D
解析　根据空前“Are you a good digital citizen？”可推断，下文应是就如何做一名好的数字公民，提出了建议。故选D。
3．答案　B
解析　此空作本段小标题。根据下文可知，本段主要讲述在网络上要尊重他人，礼貌待人。故选B。
4．答案　F
解析　上文指出公民在网上发表言论时要认真思考，发布的话对他人可能有什么影响。根据空后“Never forward nasty messages.”可推断，空处告诉读者不要在网上发布现实中不会发布的言论。故选F。
5．答案　G
解析　上文“Don’t trust everyone or everything online.”告诉读者网络上的东西和人不要全都盲目相信。下文介绍了面对未知邮件、链接等时应采取的做法。由此推知，空处应指出不能盲目相信的原因。故选G。Section Ⅳ　Using language(1)—-ing as subject
阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并回答其后的题目
1．Jogging in the nearby park on a daily basis is one of my routines.One day，when jogging in the park，a young girl stepped on a banana skin and fell down on her back.2.Being surrounded by many people made her very embarrassed.She realized that it was no use 3.pretending not to care about.4.Having experienced the same case made me deeply understand her，so I decided to give her some help.I quickly came up to her，helping her up from the ground.5.My appearing seemed to have eased some of her embarrassment and I gave her a knowing smile and we walked away together.
[自主发现]
以上语段中的黑体部分均为动词-ing形式，并且在句中均充当主语；其中3所在句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词-ing形式。动词-ing形式有不同的时态与语态，如2是被动语态；4是完成时态。
-ing形式作主语
一、动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，谓语动词一般用单数。
Working in these conditions is a delightful thing.
在这种条件下工作是一件愉快的事。
二、动名词的时态和语态
类别 时态形式 语态形式
主动 被动
v.-ing 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
1.一般式
动词-ing形式的一般式可以表示没有明确发生时间的动作，也可以表示与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之前或之后的动作。
(主动语态)Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.
对于老人来说，爬山确实困难。
(被动语态)Being asked to do so much homework made him unhappy.
被要求做这么多家庭作业使他不高兴。
2．完成式
动词-ing的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
(主动语态)Having traveled to that beautiful city made him want to travel there again.
曾经去那座美丽的城市旅游的经历使他想再去那儿旅行一次。
(被动语态)Having been reminded to mind table manners，he still behaved badly.
尽管被提醒注意餐桌礼仪，他仍然表现不好。
三、动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：
1．动名词位于句首作主语
Spending too much time on your computer is harmful to your health.
在电脑上花太多时间对你的健康有害。
2．用it作形式主语，把动名词(真正主语)置于句尾。常见的句型有：
It is/was no good/no use/no pleasure/useless/a waste of time＋doing sth.做某事是没有好处的/没有用处的/不快乐的/无用的/浪费时间的。
It was no use waiting here for the manager might not come here this morning.
在这儿等是没有用的，因为今天上午经理可能不来这里了。
It is a waste of time trying to persuade such a naughty child.
试图说服这样一个淘气的孩子是浪费时间。
3．动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在其前面加上形容词性物主代词或名词所有格形式，构成动名词的复合结构。这时，代词或名词的所有格作动名词的逻辑主语。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。
Their coming to help was a great delight to us.
他们来帮忙使我们非常高兴。
His being late in a row made our teacher very angry.
他连续迟到使我们老师很生气。
4．动名词的否定形式：在动名词前面＋not
Not being invited to his friend’s birthday party made him upset.
没有被邀请参加朋友的生日聚会让他很难过。
四、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
动名词作主语 表示一般的、泛指的或抽象的动作
动词不定式作主语 往往表示具体的或一次性的动作
Collecting stamps can enlarge our knowledge and sharpen our quality of life.
集邮可以扩大我们的知识面，提高我们的生活质量。
To visit China with my teammates is my next goal.
和我的队友一起去中国旅游是我的下一个目标。
Ⅰ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空
1．It is no use advocating(advocate) such a life in a remote village.
2．Being banned(ban) from going outside made me live a miserable life.
3．It’s fun spending(spend) the holiday in this entertaining theme park.
4．It is acknowledged that swimming is(be) a rewarding sport in summer.
5．Since then，finding(find) superb ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.
6．It is important for us to use(use) clone and artificial intelligence in a proper way.
7．To be honest，his opposing(oppose) my plan made me frustrated and disappointed.
8．It is well worth cycling(cycle) along the route，which will reward you with breathtaking scenery.
Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元语法
随着晚会的进行，话题转到了即将到来的节日。谈论圣诞节使每个人异常激动。然而，置身新环境里使Kelly完全沉默了，一种失落感悄悄向她袭来。Jennifer意识到发生了什么，这驱使她问道：“Kelly，泰国人这个时候庆祝什么？”其他孩子非常好奇地看着她。“为感谢水妈妈而庆祝一个大型的节日是我们通常所做的。”Jennifer想出一个好主意，她的眼睛闪烁着兴奋的光芒。 “我们很容易一起体验这个美丽的节日。”朋友的帮助使Kelly感动得哭了，她的思乡之情消失了。
As the party went on，the topic turned to the coming festival.1.Talking about Christmas made everyone extremely excited.However,2.being in a new environment made Kelly totally silent，a sense of loss creeping up on her.3.Jennifer’s being aware of what happened drove her to ask，“Kelly，what do Thai people celebrate at this time？” The other kids all stared at her with overwhelming curiosity.“4.Celebrating a grand festival to thank the Mother of Water is what we usually do.” A good idea occurred to Jennifer，with her eyes twinkling with excitement.“It is easy for us 5.to experience the beautiful festival together.” 6.Being helped by her friends moved Kelly to tears and her homesickness melted away.
训练5　Using language(A)
分值：55分
Ⅰ.用括号内动词的正确形式填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．Listening(listen) to delightful music will make you relaxed.
2．It is no use pretending(pretend) to know what you do not know.
3．It is important for the man to obtain(obtain) a lot of knowledge.
4．Keep in mind that it is no good reciting(recite) without understanding.
5．It is necessary for us to form(form) a good habit when we’re young.
6．He didn’t mind her(she) crying，which made their relationship fall apart.
7．It is worthwhile having/to have(have) a try even if you may fail in the semi-final.
8．Travelling along the old Silk Road is(be) an interesting and rewarding experience.
9．My daughter’s staying(stay) up so late worried me a lot.
10．Being brought(bring) up in a poor family made Tom very hard-working when he was very young.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5题；每小题3分，共15分)
1．It is a waste of time quarreling with someone like you.
和你这种人吵架就是浪费时间。
2．My son’s living up to my expectations really made me proud.
我儿子能达到我的期望真的让我很自豪。
3．To every one of us，being admitted to Peking University is a great honor.
对我们每个人来说，被北京大学录取是一个很大的荣誉。
4．Loving nature can inspire children’s love for their family members.
热爱大自然能激起孩子对家庭成员的爱。
5．Not knowing how to swim can put you in danger when you suddenly find yourself in water.
当你突然发现自己在水里时，不知道如何游泳会使你处于危险之中。
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
A recent scientific report said the chemical pollutants are supersizing the global obesity epidemic.
The idea that the chemical pollutants called “obesogens” can affect how the body controls weight is not yet part of mainstream treatments.But scientists behind the report argue that the evidence is now so strong that it should be.The most disturbing aspect of the evidence is that some chemical impacts that increase weight can be passed down through generations by changing how genes work.
Obesogens can disturb the body’s metabolism(新陈代谢)，making gaining weight easier and losing weight harder.The body’s balance of energy intake and consumption through activity relies on the interplay of various hormones from fat tissue，the gut，etc.The pollutants can directly affect the number and size of fat cells and alter the signals that make people feel full.They can also cause weight gain by making the uptake of calories from the gut more efficient.
“It turns out chemicals in the environment have these side effects，” said Prof.Robert Luis at the University of New York.“This research is vital because the current clinical management of obese patients is clearly insufficient.”
“The focus of the clinical people is on calories—if you eat more calories，you’re going to be fatter，” says Dr Heindel.“So they wait until you get obese，and then they’ll look at giving you diets，drugs，or surgery.If that really worked，we should see a decline in the rates of obesity，” he said.“But we don’t—obesity continues to rise，especially in children.The real question is，why do people eat more The research focuses on it and provides data indicating that these chemicals are the real reason.”
Furthermore，the approach offers the potential to prevent obesity by avoiding exposure to pollutants，especially in pregnant(怀孕) women and babies.Prevention saves lives while costing far less than any treatment.
1．What harm do obesogens do to humans’ health
A．Affecting the brain’s work.
B．Causing deadly diseases.
C．Making food polluted.
D．Damaging weight control.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The idea that the chemical pollutants called ‘obesogens’ can affect how the body controls weight is not yet part of mainstream treatments.”可知，致胖因子对人体健康的危害是破坏体重控制。故选D。
2．Why is the current clinical management mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To list a dissatisfying way to treat obesity.
B．To present the side effects of obesogens.
C．To prove more calories leading to obesity.
D．To show the achievement made nowadays.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段末句可知，这项研究至关重要，因为目前对肥胖患者的临床管理显然不足。所以第四段提到目前的临床管理是为了列举一种不令人满意的治疗肥胖的方法。故选A。
3．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 5 refer to
A．Getting obese. B．Giving treatments.
C．Changing fat cells. D．Reducing obesity.
答案　B
解析　代词指代题。根据画线词上文“他们会等着直到你变胖，然后给你节食、药物或手术”可知，如果给予以上治疗真的有效，我们应该会看到肥胖率的下降。由此可知，画线词that指的是上文中提到的“给予治疗”。故选B。
4．What influence will the study bring about
A．Inspiring more doctors to study obesity.
B．Raising a public concern for the babies’ birth.
C．Making the treatment for obesity medicine-free.
D．Improving the clinical management of obese patients.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。结合第四段中的“This research is vital because the current clinical management of obese patients is clearly insufficient.”和第五段内容以及最后一段中的“Furthermore，the approach offers the potential to prevent obesity by avoiding exposure to pollutants”可推知，这项研究将会提高对肥胖患者的临床治疗水平。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
HANGZHOU，Sept.26 (Xinhua)—The 17-year-old Chinese shooter Huang Yuting and her 18-year-old teammate Sheng Lihao bagged the gold medal in the 10m air rifle(气步枪) mixed team event at the Hangzhou Asian Games 1. Tuesday morning.Earlier，Huang Yuting won the women’s 10-meter air rifle team and individual 2. (competition) in shooting,3. (become) the first “Triple Crown” in the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhou.
Born in 2006 in Huangyan district，Taizhou，Zhejiang Province，Huang Yuting’s journey into shooting 4. (begin) in the summer of 2016 when the district’s youth sports school rifle team looked for talent at her school.Her coach Lin Kehan said 5. (excited)，“Huang’s performance in the selection test was 6. (impress)”．
“7. (win) the championship for this project brings me great joy and surprise，indicating that the recent preparation has borne fruit，” Huang Yuting shared，“Athletes should not only have great skills but also adjust their own emotions to deal with 8. (anxious)．To me，shooting is a sport in 9. you compete against yourself.Whoever my opponent is，I’ll give my best.”
Huang does set 10. example to us teenagers.
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了杭州第19届亚运会射击女子10米气步枪冠军黄雨婷。
1．答案　on
解析　考查介词。空后“Tuesday morning”表示具体某一天的上午，前面用介词on，故填on。
2．答案　competitions
解析　考查名词复数。空处应填名词作动词won的宾语，competition“竞赛，比赛”，为可数名词，由空前的“team and individual”可知，用复数形式，故填competitions。
3．答案　becoming
解析　考查非谓语动词。动词become和逻辑主语Huang Yuting之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作结果状语，故填becoming。
4．答案　began
解析　考查时态。根据时间状语“in the summer of 2016”可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填began。
5．答案　excitedly
解析　考查副词。空处应填副词作状语修饰动词said，故填excitedly。
6．答案　impressive
解析　考查形容词。空处应填形容词作表语，impressive意为“给人印象深刻的”，故填impressive。
7．答案　Winning
解析　考查非谓语动词。空处作主语，指一般性的行为，应用动名词形式，位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Winning。
8．答案　anxiety
解析　考查名词。空处应填名词作动词短语deal with的宾语，anxiety“焦虑”，不可数名词，故填anxiety。
9．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是sport，关系词在从句中作in的宾语，应用关系代词which，故填which。
10．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。example是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且首字母是以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an，set an example“树立榜样”，故填an。
训练6　Using language(B)
分值：35分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Watching Tottenham Hotspur walk out onto the pitch at Rossett Park was a surreal(离奇的) experience to soccer fans.Spurs were set to play against Marine AFC.In fact，this was the biggest mismatch in the 149-year history of the FA Cup.Also，the meaning behind the match was far beyond the game itself.
On account of the pandemic，this year’s FA Cup is seriously affected.Football clubs at the top levels of the sports often postpone matches.For a club like Marine that relies on match day revenue (收益) to survive，hooking a white whale like Spurs and then not being able to even allow the attendance of spectators must have felt cruel.
However，miracle did happen.Knowing the difficult circumstances Marine was facing,30,000 Tottenham fans opened their pocketbooks and purchased “virtual tickets” at ￡10 each for a match they couldn’t even attend.
“I have so much respect for the coach José Mourinho and Tottenham Hotspur as a football club from this，” said Marine manager Neil Young.“He has done what he said he would do with his team selection.He brought on players he could have easily left on the bench and Tottenham as a club have supported us wholeheartedly.Over 30,000 virtual tickets have now been sold for this match.”
José Mourinho also understood what this match meant.“Since 2004，I have been in England and I’ve never played against a side at this level in the pyramid，” he said.“I’m not English，but I know what this means for everyone so I brought a good team，not just for the result，but also for the meaning of the cup.”
The final score was a 5-0 win for Spurs，but it was a match that meant so much more.Tottenham may be going on to the FA Cup fourth round，but it was all of football that won on Sunday.
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道，讲述了疫情背景下的Spurs和Marine AFC之间展开的一场具有特殊意义的足球比赛，足球运动的精神超越了足球比赛本身的意义。
1．Why do top football clubs postpone matches
A．Their financial conditions are poor.
B．They are concerned about the pandemic.
C．Their players are infected with the disease.
D．They are unwilling to play with weak teams.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“On account of the pandemic，this year’s FA Cup is seriously affected.Football clubs at the top levels of the sports often postpone matches.”可知，顶级足球俱乐部推迟比赛的原因是他们对这种流行病感到担忧。故选B。
2．What problem did Marine face
A．Lacking match experience.
B．Heavy financial pressure.
C．No proper match place.
D．The shortage of players.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“For a club like Marine that relies on match day revenue (收益) to survive，hooking a white whale like Spurs and then not being able to even allow the attendance of spectators must have felt cruel.”可知，Marine需要通过比赛赚取收入以维持球队生存，故可推断Marine面临的问题是沉重的财务压力。故选B。
3．What can we infer from Neil Young’s words
A．Tottenham won the match in an unfair manner.
B．Marine has never played against Tottenham before.
C．Some best players of Tottenham played in the match.
D．Over 30,000 audience watched the match on the spot.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句“He has done what he said he would do with his team selection.He brought on players he could have easily left on the bench and Tottenham as a club have supported us wholeheartedly.”可知，Tottenham的一些最好的球员参加了比赛。故选C。
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To introduce a great coach.
B．To advertise a coming game.
C．To share the spirit of football.
D．To inform the result of a match.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段最后一句“Also，the meaning behind the match was far beyond the game itself.”和最后一段第一句“The final score was a 5-0 win for Spurs，but it was a match that meant so much more.”可知，足球运动的精神超越了足球比赛本身的意义。所以短文的目的是分享足球精神。故选C。
B
There is some good and bad news about vitamins and minerals.The good news is that intake(摄入) of certain vitamins is linked with a lower risk of early death.The bad news is that the link is seen only when those nutrients(营养) come from food，not supplements(营养品)，according to a new study.
The study analyzed information from more than 27,000 adults in the US and found that people who ate up enough amounts of vitamin K or magnesium had a lower risk of death from any cause.In addition，people who consumed enough levels of vitamin A，vitamin K，zinc or copper had a lower risk of death from heart disease.But when the researchers considered the source of these nutrients—food vs supplements—only nutrients from food were tied to a lower risk of death from any cause or heart disease.
The findings suggested that adequate nutrients intake from foods was connected with reduced mortality(死亡率)，while over intake from supplements could be harmful.The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends that people try to get their nutrients from foods by eating healthily.“Real food contains healthy things a pill can’t give us，” the academy says.“When we take a nutrient out of a food and concentrate it in a pill，it’s not quite the same thing.”
Still，people with certain diseases or conditions may not be able to get all the nutrients they need from food，and thus might need to take a supplement.For example，pregnant(怀孕的) women often need to take folic acid or iron supplements to prevent birth shortcomings.People with certain food allergies(过敏) or digestive(消化的) conditions may also need to take supplements.People should talk with their doctors before taking supplements，the academy recommends.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，只有来源于食物而非营养品中的营养素才能降低早逝的风险。
5．What is the key to reducing the risk of early death according to the passage
A．The nutrients from food.
B．The amounts of vitamin.
C．The condition of one’s body.
D．The balance between food and supplements.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“...intake(摄入) of certain vitamins is linked with a lower risk of early death...the link is seen only when those nutrients(营养) come from food，not supplements...”可知，来源于食物的营养物质是降低早逝风险的关键。故选A。
6．Why should we take enough nutrients from food
A．They help lower the risk of early death.
B．Their sources are rich and various.
C．They differ from those in supplements.
D．They are easier to take in than those from supplements.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后三句可知，食物含有营养品无法提供给我们的健康物质，所以我们应从食物中摄取足够的营养。故选C。
7．What suggestions does the academy give to pregnant women
A．Making a thorough(细致的) check.
B．Learn about the influence of birth faults.
C．Getting enough nutrients from food.
D．Consulting doctors before taking supplements.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后三句可知，学会建议孕妇在服用营养品之前，应先咨询医生。故选D。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Vitamins from Food—Longer Life
B．Foods or Supplements—Which Matters More
C．Supplements—the Alternative of Food
D．Vitamins from Supplements—Longer Life
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究发现只有来源于食物而非营养品中的营养素才能降低早逝的风险。因此，从食物中获取的维生素，意味着更长的寿命。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
Last fall I hung outside my window a bird feeder(喂鸟的食槽)．Knowing 1 about wild birds，I assumed that 2 I hung this bird feeder outside，numbers of beautiful birds would be swooping(飞扑) to my new addition.However，days，weeks，and months 3 ，NO BIRDS.
I asked so many people，“What to do 4 was I doing wrong？” “Nothing，” most of them replied.“Just 5 ！” So I waited and waited and waited，trying everything 6 to attract these birds.I cleaned off the deck(平台)， 7 the feed and washed the feeder.I 8 made the cat go out of the other door! Nothing seemed to 9 .But I waited with patience and 10 .Two months later，on a Saturday afternoon，I 11 ！ What came to my eyes was the most beautiful bird I have ever seen in my life! All of a sudden，hundreds of birds were 12 from everywhere!
What a beautiful lesson I learned from this little creature! Patience and hope will attract the beautiful things in life.Yet I had never 13 how much patience I really do have and how much I do rely on hope to 14 the questions in my heart.
So I keep hoping and waiting，waiting and hoping.I will try to use this “little lesson” with so many other things in my life.I guess patience is a 15 after all.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在窗外挂了一个喂鸟的食槽希望引来小鸟，经过漫长的等待，作者终于等到了一只美丽的小鸟，数百只小鸟也随之而来。作者从这些小鸟身上明白了一个道理——耐心和希望会吸引生命中美好的事物。
1．A.something B．nothing
C．anything D．everything
答案　B
解析　根据下文“I assumed that I hung this bird feeder outside，numbers of beautiful birds would be swooping(飞扑) to my new addition”可知，作者对于野生的鸟一无所知。故选B。
2．A.once B．since
C．until D．before
答案　A
解析　根据下文“I hung this bird feeder outside，numbers of beautiful birds would be swooping(飞扑) to my new addition”可知，作者认为一旦把喂鸟的食槽挂在外面，就会引来很多漂亮的小鸟。故选A。
3．A.ran out B．got through
C．went by D．passed on
答案　C
解析　run out用完；get through完成；go by过去，逝去；pass on传递。根据上文“However，days，weeks，and months”以及语境可知，此处表示几天、几周、几个月的时间过去了。故选C。
4．A.When B．Why
C．How D．What
答案　D
解析　根据上下文“‘What to do？ was I doing wrong？’‘Nothing，’”可知，此处表示作者询问别人自己做错了什么。故选D。
5．A.wait B．seek
C．try D．watch
答案　A
解析　根据下文“So I waited and waited and waited”可知，此处表示让作者等一等。故选A。
6．A.reliable B．movable
C．possible D．incredible
答案　C
解析　根据下文“to attract these birds.I cleaned off the deck(平台)， the feed and washed the feeder.I made the cat go out of the other door”可知，作者尝试做了一切可能吸引鸟儿的事情。故选C。
7．A.cleared B．picked
C．selected D．changed
答案　D
解析　根据下文“the feed”可知，此处表示作者改换了饲料。故选D。
8．A.even B．still
C．just D．too
答案　A
解析　根据下文“made the cat go out of the other door”可知，作者甚至让猫从另一扇门出去，空处应用even表示递进。故选A。
9．A.run B．work
C．do D．go
答案　B
解析　根据下文“But I waited with patience and .”可知，此处表示作者做的事情似乎都没有起作用。故选B。
10．A.courage B．hope
C．attention D．desire
答案　B
解析　根据下文“Patience and hope will attract the beautiful things in life.”可知，作者怀着耐心和希望在等。故选B。
11．A.failed B．sighed
C．calmed D．froze
答案　D
解析　根据下文“What came to my eyes was the most beautiful bird I have ever seen in my life！”可知，作者非常惊讶，呆住了。故选D。
12．A.climbing B．spreading
C．gathering D．disappearing
答案　C
解析　根据下文“from everywhere”以及语境可知，此处表示作者看到数百只鸟儿从四面八方聚集过来。故选C。
13．A.realized B．recognized
C．admitted D．neglected
答案　A
解析　根据下文“how much patience I really do have and how much I do rely on hope to the questions in my heart”可知，作者之前从未意识到自己有多大的耐心。故选A。
14．A.adjust to B．focus on
C．deal with D．make up
答案　C
解析　adjust to适应；focus on关注；deal with应对；make up组成。根据下文“the questions in my heart”可知，此处表示应对问题。故选C。
15．A.gift B．virtue
C．pleasure D．belief
答案　B
解析　根据上文“I will try to use this ‘little lesson’ with so many other things in my life.I guess patience is a”以及语境可知，作者认为耐心是一种美德。故选B。Section Ⅴ　Using language(2)—Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.Listen to the voicemail on P39 and choose the best answer.(高考形式)
1．What did Todd do today
A．He worked as a volunteer.
B．He went to a nursery home.
C．He did exercise at a sports club.
答案　A
2．What might Todd do this weekend
A．Go to do some exercise.
B．Volunteer again in the club.
C．Register for a membership.
答案　A
3．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Sister and brother.
B．Friends.
C．Classmates.
答案　B
Ⅱ.Listen to the voicemail on P39 again and fill in the blanks.(精听训练)
Hi Ellen，it’s Todd here.I’ve just finished my first day 1.volunteering at the Senior Citizens’ Sports Club! It’s made me see life as an older person 2.with fresh eyes! Some members like to do yoga because it helps them keep their muscles toned，while others love to do aerobics—one elderly man says the energy of it makes him 3.feel young again! Ball games are also popular.Many enjoy playing table tennis or going bowling，while there were lots of people 4.playing badminton，and many like to play golf.I even encountered a man who，at the age of 68，was 5.brave enough to go roller skating! Not only did he have guts，he was much faster than me!
I must say，it was really 6.inspiring to see the people there doing sports，even at such advanced ages.It made me 7.think about going to the Central Stadium this Saturday.The sports club there doesn’t ask for membership.We can play tennis or go rock climbing.It would do us 8.a lot more good than playing computer games.
Ⅲ.Listen to the conversation on P41 and choose the best answer.(高考形式)
1．What are the two speakers talking about
A．Laureus World Team of the Year.
B．Laureus World Sportsman of the Year.
C．The history of the Laureus World Sports Awards.
答案　B
2．How often is the Laureus World Sports Awards held
A．Each year.
B．Every other year.
C．Every two years.
答案　A
3．Who does Michelle think will win the award
A．Usain Bolt.
B．Andy Murray.
C．LeBron James.
答案　B
Ⅳ.Listen again and fill in the blanks to complete the radio programme.(精听训练)
Sam：Michelle，are you going to watch the Laureus World Sports Awards on TV this evening
Michelle：Of course.I watch this show every year.1.Wouldn’t miss it!
Sam：So，some of the names nominated for Sportsman of the Year are Usain Bolt the runner，LeBron James the basketball player and Andy Murray the tennis player.2.Who do you think should win
Michelle：Well，I don’t think it should be Usain Bolt.He’s already won this award three times.
Sam：3.Are you serious？！Lightning Bolt holds the world record for the 100 metres and the 200 metres.He also holds the world record for being part of the 4×100 metres relay.Of course he should win!
Michelle：Well，I just think other people should 4.be given a chance.
Sam：So，who would be your choice
Michelle：Personally，I hope Andy Murray wins.After all，he’s 5.the only tennis player to have won two Olympic singles titles.Besides，he is a spokesperson for women players’ equality.He believes that women should have the same rights as men in sports.6.That’s why he has lots of fans.
Sam：Yes，Andy Murray could have a good chance.But the winner shouldn’t be chosen based on their number of fans.I think LeBron James might 7.have a better chance.
Michelle：Well，it definitely shouldn’t be LeBron James.I mean，he is not that famous.
Sam：What？！ He is one of 8.the biggest names in basketball.LeBron is world-famous! He has Olympic gold medals and National Basketball Association championships—in fact，he led his home town basketball team to win its first NBA Championship in 2016.You see，he’s also an excellent team leader 9. as well as a great player.
Michelle：OK，OK—I didn’t know that! Well，all of them seem to have a good chance of winning.Now 10.I really can’t wait for the results!Section Ⅵ　Developing ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What is the main idea of the passage
A．The strong members of the Chinese women’s volleyball team.
B．The encouragement we feel from the Chinese women’s volleyball team.
C．The process of Chinese women’s volleyball team winning the championship.
D．The powerful position of Chinese women’s volleyball team in people’s mind.
答案　C
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What does “electric” mean in the first paragraph
A．Competitive. B．Amazing.
C．Nervous. D．Challenging.
答案　C
2．What can we learn from the team’s performance in the Rio Olympics
A．Their victory was so natural because of their practice.
B．There was no trouble for the team to perform in Rio.
C．The victory needed the devotion from every member.
D．Hui Ruoqi’s joining wasn’t necessary for the whole team.
答案　C
3．Which country was the last one to serve as Chinese opponent before the team won Olympic gold in Rio
A．Serbia. B．Brazil.
C．Netherlands. D．Athens.
答案　A
4．What can be inferred from the sentence “the team begins its journey to the next Olympics”？
A．The team is going on the journey to next Olympics by air.
B．Hui Ruoqi won the Most Valuable Player at the Rio Olympics.
C．They have fallen to the zero point after this victory.
D．There is still much work to do for the team in the future.
答案　D
5．What made the Chinese women’s volleyball team win the gold medal in Rio
A．Competitive spirit.
B．Team spirit.
C．The strong will and perseverance.
D．All of the above.
答案　D
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
The Chinese women’s volleyball team holds a very special place in the nation’s heart.In the 1980s，the team burst 1.onto the international volleyball scene with several major world titles and became national heroes.But 2.winning(win) gold in Rio paints the most vivid portrait of the team’s 3.competitive(compete) spirit.In Rio，the Chinese women’s volleyball team needed all of its fighting spirit after it was assigned to the “group of death”，4.where it faced several strong opponents in the group stage matches.What’s 5.worse(bad)，one of the key players had had a heart surgery less than five months previously.It was a big challenge for them,6.but strong team spirit and cooperation between team members contributed 7.greatly(great) to their success.Together，the Chinese women’s volleyball team 8.has fought(fight) their way through ups and downs.Lang Ping，the well-known Chinese volleyball player and coach，is aware 9.that as soon as a team steps off the victory podium，they need to start from zero to prepare for new challenges ahead.In this way，the team 10.begins(begin) its journey to the next Olympics.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．If China wins this point，they will walk out of the stadium with an Olympic gold medal.(P42 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，If引导条件状语从句。
汉语翻译：如果中国队拿下这一分，她们将赢得这枚奥运金牌。
2．And there we see the Chinese players embracing(embrace)，with tears of happiness(happy) in their eyes...(P42 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为简单句。see the Chinese players...是“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构；with tears...in their eyes是with复合结构(with＋宾语＋介词短语)在句中作状语，表示伴随。
汉语翻译：我们看到中国队的队员们眼含幸福的热泪，相拥在一起……
3．In Rio，the Chinese women’s volleyball team needed all of its fighting spirit after it was assigned(assign) to the “group of death”，where it faced several strong opponents in the group stage matches.(P43 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，after引导时间状语从句；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词the “group of death”。
汉语翻译：里约奥运会上，中国女排被分到了“死亡之组”，因此她们必须拼尽全力，对抗小组赛中遇到的强大对手。
4．Every single member of the team gave their all to the fight, including(include) Hui Ruoqi who had had heart surgery less than five months(month) previously.(P43 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句，主句的谓语动词是gave their all，意为“全力以赴”；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Hui Ruoqi，who在定语从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：每一个队员都全身心地投入比赛，包括赛前不到五个月刚做完心脏手术的惠若琪。
5．Zhu Ting，named Most Valuable Player at the Rio Olympics，also identified this as the special ingredient in the team’s success(succeed)．..(P44 Para.5)
结构分析：此句为简单句，主语是Zhu Ting，named Most Valuable Player at the Rio Olympics是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰Zhu Ting，相当于定语从句“who was named...”。
汉语翻译：里约奥运会“最有价值球员”奖项得主朱婷，也认为这是团队获胜的诀窍……
6．Led by well-known Chinese volleyball player and coach Lang Ping，they have continued to aim(aim) high.(P44 Para.6)
结构分析：此句为简单句，主语是they，“Led by...Lang Ping”是过去分词短语作状语，表示分词动作跟主句主语之间是被动关系；aim high意思是“力争上游”。
汉语翻译：在中国著名女排运动员和教练郎平的带领下，他们不断力争上游。
7．Lang is only too aware that as soon as a team steps off the victory podium，they need to start from zero to prepare(prepare) for new challenges ahead.(P44 Para.6)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；that引导宾语从句，从句中包含了as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
汉语翻译：郎平很清楚，只要走下了领奖台，她们这支队伍就得重新出发，严阵以待，迎接新的挑战。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
现在分词短语作状语
At last，showing a strong will and the steeliest nerves，they played a close match against Serbia to seize gold in the final.(P43 Para.4)
最后，她们与塞尔维亚队进行了一场势均力敌的比赛，在决赛中夺得了金牌，表现出了强大的决心和钢铁般的意志。
结构分析：本句中的showing a strong will and the steeliest nerves是现在分词短语作状语，表示分词动作show跟主句主语they之间是主动关系；a close match意为“一场势均力敌的比赛”。
现在分词作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件、结果等，相当于一个状语从句；表示伴随情况时，相当于并列句。
·现在分词的一般式(动词-ing)表示该动作与句子的谓语动作同时发生，也可以表示在其前或在其后发生。
·现在分词的完成式(having＋动词-ed)表示该动作在句子谓语动作之前发生。
(1)Hearing(hear) the bad news，he burst into tears.
→When he heard the bad news，he burst into tears.
(2)杯子掉在地上，摔成了碎片。
The cup dropped to the ground，breaking into pieces.
(3)尽管告诉了他很多次，但他仍然犯相同的错误。
Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.
(4)得知奥运会期间需要志愿者，我写信申请成为其中的一员。
Learning that volunteers are needed during the Olympic Games，I am writing to apply to be one of them.
课文重点词块默写
1．扑向dive for
2．疯狂；欣喜若狂go wild
3．成为现实come true
4．在20世纪80年代in the 1980s
5．突然出现在……(指突然成功)burst onto
6．竞争精神competitive spirit
7．放弃give up
8．小组赛group stage match
9．全力以赴give one’s all
10．取得成功pay off
11．卫冕冠军defending champion
12．坚强的意志a strong will
13．沉着冷静；坚强的意志steely nerves
14．一场势均力敌的比赛a close match
15．促成，有利于contribute to
16．认为……是……identify...as...
17．……的关键；……的答案the key to...
18．奋斗前进fight one’s way
19．起起落落；上上下下ups and downs
20．力争上游aim high
训练7　Developing ideas(A)
分值：40分
Ⅰ.单句写作(应用文写作之人物介绍)(共15分)
1．郎平是中国女排的教练，她带领女排在2016年的巴西奥运会上夺得金牌。(who引导定语从句)
Lang Ping，who was the coach of China women’s volleyball team，led her team to Olympic gold in Brazil in 2016.
2．在备战2015年的世界杯时，她的一名最佳球员受伤，另一名球员因心脏问题不得不离开。(状语从句的省略)
When preparing for the 2015 World Cup，one of her best players got injured and another one had to leave because of heart problems.
3．失去两名重要球员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平没有放弃。(动名词短语作主语)
Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not give up.
4．面对如此多的困难，郎和她年轻的队员们齐心协力，最终赢得了奥运金牌。(过去分词短语作状语)
Faced with so many difficulties，Lang and her young players worked together as a team and finally won the Olympic gold.
5．听到这个好消息，全世界的人们都为她们的胜利欢呼，也为她们钢铁般的意志欢呼。(现在分词短语作状语)
Hearing the good news，people all over the world cheered up for their victory as well as their steely nerves.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Lang Ping，who was the coach of China women’s volleyball team，led her team to Olympic gold in Brazil in 2016.When preparing for the 2015 World Cup，one of her best players got injured and another one had to leave because of heart problems.Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not give up.Faced with so many difficulties，Lang and her young players worked together as a team and finally won the Olympic gold.Hearing the good news，people all over the world cheered up for their victory as well as their steely nerves.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
A few days ago，the Brooklyn Nets basketball player Ben Simmons donated a basketball court to Machang township in south-west China’s Guizhou Province during a ceremony.Simmons has visited China several times since he was young.He has been deeply touched by the Chinese people’s warmth and friendly feelings toward him and their enthusiasm for basketball.
Impressed by the news that basketball competitions had been held in Guizhou at a village with their own “Village Basketball Association(VBA)”，Simmons decided to donate a basketball court to the village during the Chinese New Year Basketball Competition in January.After conducting a survey，he set up the basketball court in Machang township in Gui’an New Area in the hope that it would create more opportunities for young fans to play basketball.
In the mountainous village of Machang，there are no huge electronic screens or advertisements at basketball games，but they can still be thrilling thanks to local players’ love for the sport.These players later became a hit in China and even went global.A recent final competition attracted 30,000 viewers on site and more than 1 billion viewers online.
Comparatively，the NBA boasts the best players in the world，top-class basketball gyms and professionally made commercials，so its exciting games draw fans around the world.NBA and the “VBA” are thousands of miles apart，but their games are equally striking，fueling thousands of fans’ enthusiasm.Both focus on a common interest of basketball fans in the U．S.and China and their shared pursuit of sports and a better life.
Although Machang township lacks modern sports facilities，the local people’s love for basketball remains strong.So Simmons’ donation will surely help improve the village’s situation to a certain extent，but more importantly，it will bring people separated by the Pacific Ocean closer through this sport.
语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了美国篮球运动员Ben Simmons向中国西南部贵州省马场镇捐赠了一个篮球场，对篮球这项运动的热爱将大洋两岸的人们联系了起来。
1．Why did Simmons donate a basketball court to Machang township
A．To attract global attention to the village.
B．To participate in more local competitions.
C．To show his passion for local people’s lifestyle.
D．To encourage more young people to play basketball.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“After conducting a survey，he set up the basketball court in Machang township in Gui’an New Area in the hope that it would create more opportunities for young fans to play basketball.”可知，Simmons向马场镇捐赠篮球场是为了鼓励更多的年轻人打篮球。故选D。
2．What makes the local basketball games exciting
A．Players’ professional skill.
B．The large number of viewers.
C．Players’ passion for basketball.
D．Powerful promotion of the games.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In the mountainous village of Machang...but they can still be thrilling thanks to local players’ love for the sport.”可知，让比赛令人兴奋的是球员对篮球的热爱。故选C。
3．How is paragraph 4 developed
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By providing comments.
D．By drawing conclusions.
答案　B
解析　写作手法题。根据第四段“Comparatively，the NBA boasts the best players...NBA and the ‘VBA’ are thousands of miles apart，but their games are equally striking...Both focus on...shared pursuit of sports and a better life.”可推知，本段是通过对比的方式展开的。故选B。
4．What is the suitable title for the text
A．China’s “VBA” Becomes a Hit
B．NBA Player Does Charity in Chinese Village
C．Village Players Compete in International Competitions
D．Shared Love of Basketball Links NBA and China’s “VBA”
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段和最后一段可知，文章主要讲述了美国篮球运动员Ben Simmons向中国西南部贵州省马场镇捐赠了一个篮球场，对篮球这项运动的热爱将大洋两岸的人们联系了起来。故D项“对篮球的共同热爱连接NBA与中国‘VBA’”适合作标题。故选D。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event，Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 1 best.She had to pack up her bedroom in Virginia.She had to say 2 to her two dogs and to the beach，where she loved to ride waves on her board.But it was 3 to take the leap(飞跃)，however 4 it would be.Even at 14，Douglas knew that.So she 5 about 1,200 miles away from home，to 6 with a coach from China.She lived with a family she had never 7 and everything was new to her.
As it turned out，Douglas did 8 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 9 two Russians.The Chinese coach 10 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world，helping her skyrocket(飞涨) from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.By 11 the Olympic all-around title，she was admired by many American women.She 12 the competition from beginning to end.She said she had felt 13 all along that she would win.
Not so long ago，Martha Karolyi，the coordinator(联络人) of the women’s national team，did not think Douglas had what it 14 to be an Olympian.As time went by，she thought more and more that she could make the London Games—and win.
“I’m going to inspire so many people，” she said.“I’m ready to 15 .” And shine she did.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加贝·道格拉斯从一个普通的国家队运动员到成为世界上最好的运动员之一，赢得奥运会全能冠军的经过。
1．A.judged B．thought
C．knew D．tried
答案　C
解析　根据下文“She had to pack up her bedroom in Virginia.She had to say to her...”可知，此处指她不得不离开她最熟悉的一切。故选C。
2．A.goodbye B．hello
C．thanks D．no
答案　A
解析　根据上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she best”可知，加贝·道格拉斯不得不离开她最熟悉的一切，说明她不得不告别她的两只狗和海滩。故选A。
3．A.common B．time
C．fun D．tough
答案　B
解析　根据下文“Even at 14，Douglas knew that.”以及语境可知，此处意为“是时候飞跃了”。it is time to do sth表示“是该做某事的时候了”。故选B。
4．A.breathtaking B．heartbreaking
C．eye-catching D．head-spinning
答案　B
解析　根据上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she best”可知，加贝·道格拉斯不得不离开她最熟悉的一切，这是非常令人心碎的。故选B。
5．A.dropped out B．moved on
C．pulled over D．went off
答案　D
解析　根据下文“about 1,200 miles away from home，to with a coach from China”可知，她离开家约1 200英里，跟着一名来自中国的教练训练。故选D。
6．A.reason B．talk
C．compete D．train
答案　D
解析　根据空后“with a coach from China”可知，她跟着一名来自中国的教练训练。故选D。
7．A.met B．helped
C．understood D．needed
答案　A
解析　根据下句“and everything was new to her”可知，她和一个从未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是陌生的。故选A。
8．A.occasionally B．gradually
C．exactly D．possibly
答案　C
解析　根据下文“what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she two Russians”可知，击败两名俄罗斯选手，这正是她成为奥运冠军需要做的。故选C。
9．A.defeated B．pleased
C．respected D．assisted
答案　A
解析　根据下文“By the Olympic all-around title”可知，道格拉斯击败了两名俄罗斯选手，获得了全能冠军。故选A。
10．A.forced B．transformed
C．persuaded D．put
答案　B
解析　根据下文“Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world，helping her skyrocket(飞涨) from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知，这位中国教练把道格拉斯变成了世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的一名普通队员一飞冲天，成为这项运动的佼佼者。transform sb into sth表示“把某人转变成……”。故选B。
11．A.clarifying B．defending
C．winning D．demanding
答案　C
解析　根据下文“She said she had felt...she would win.”可知，通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她受到了很多美国女性的钦佩。故选C。
12．A.followed B．organized
C．watched D．led
答案　D
解析　根据上文“By the Olympic all-around title”可知，她自始至终在比赛中领先。故选D。
13．A.confident B．nervous
C．excited D．uneasy
答案　A
解析　根据上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event，Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she best.”可知，她一直坚信自己会赢。故选A。
14．A.viewed B．appeared
C．mattered D．took
答案　D
解析　句意：不久前，女子国家队协调员玛莎·卡罗利并不认为道格拉斯具备成为奥运选手的条件。根据句意可知，take“具备”符合语境。故选D。
15．A.fly B．shine
C．dance D．score
答案　B
解析　根据下文“And shine she did.”可知，她准备好闪耀了，她也确实闪耀了。故选B。
训练8　Developing ideas(B)
分值：32.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
How much stress is good for an athlete？Surprisingly，no one knows.The reason is that，to avoid decreases in performance of equal and opposite magnitude(程度)，top athletes are rarely willing to carry even the tiniest monitoring devices when in competition.And when they are not in competition such measurements would be meaningless.
However，two researchers，Lu Yunfeng and Zhong Songfa，think they have found a way.Dr Lu’s eyes brightened when watching the 2020 Olympic Games on television.He noticed that in the archery contests，competitors’ heart rates were shown as they stood at the mark and shot.Heart rate is well-known as an indicator of psychological stress，so he saw this as an opportunity.
When they dug into the matter，the two researchers found that 122 of the 128 archers in the games had agreed to have their heart rates measured.The trick was that，since competitors were still，their heart rates could be monitored remotely by a technique called photo plethysmography，which registers changes in the reflectivity(反射率) of skin caused by flushing(脸红) when the heart pumps.Altogether，they were able to match heart rate to score for 2,247 shots.
Overall，archers with higher heart rates had lower scores and those with lower rates，higher ones.The average rate for an archer who hit ten-ring was 134.2 beats per minute.It was 135.7 for nine-ring.And for eight-ring it was 137.9.Overall，Dr Zhong and Dr Lu calculated that each extra heartbeat per minute resulted in a 0.004 point decrease in score.
These findings support the theory that the performance of even some of the world’s most outstanding athletes declines as they experience increased stress.Whether that is unique to those who need a steady aim to win，or also applies to athletes who have to run around as they compete，remains to be seen.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过对射箭运动员在比赛中心率和成绩的分析，探究压力对运动员表现的影响。
1．Why do top athletes refuse to carry monitoring devices in competition
A．Because they think the measurements are useless.
B．Because they fear devices will affect their performance.
C．Because they think devices will increase their stress level.
D．Because they think computers are much more trustworthy.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The reason is that，to avoid decreases in performance of equal and opposite magnitude(程度)，top athletes are rarely willing to carry even the tiniest monitoring devices when in competition.”可知，为了避免成绩下降，顶级运动员很少愿意在比赛中佩戴监测设备，即他们担心设备会影响他们的成绩。故选B。
2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about
A．The findings of the research.
B．The process of the research.
C．The features of the research.
D．The inspiration of the research.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据文章第二段“However，two researchers...so he saw this as an opportunity.”可知，Dr Lu在观看射箭比赛时发现运动员的心率会在他们射箭时显示出来，而心率是显示压力的一个指标，于是他找到了研究的突破口。由此可知，本段主要讲述了研究的灵感。故选D。
3．What does the research focus on
A．Whether monitoring techniques are necessary.
B．Why athletes’ heart rates decline during the game.
C．How stress level influences athletes’ performance.
D．What sharpens athletes’ performance in the game.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The trick was that，since competitors were still，their heart rates...to score for 2,247 shots.”和第四段中“Overall，archers with higher heart rates had lower scores and those with lower rates，higher ones.”以及第二段最后一句可知，研究人员分析了运动员的心率和得分之间的关系，而心率是反映压力的一项指标。因此，此研究的焦点是压力对运动员表现的影响。故选C。
4．What does the author think of the research
A．It requires further research.
B．It is far from satisfactory.
C．It emphasizes a steady aim.
D．It applies to various athletes.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Whether that is unique to those who need a steady aim to win，or also applies to athletes who have to run around as they compete，remains to be seen.”可知，作者认为这一研究结果的普适性尚不明晰。因此，这一研究还需要更深入的研究进行验证。故选A。
B
As the most popular individual sport in America，jogging has enjoyed great popularity among people.The plain truth is that jogging is a cheap，quick and efficient way to maintain physical fitness.
The most useful sort of exercise is the exercise that develops the heart，lungs，and circulatory systems.If these systems are fit，the body is ready for almost any sport and for almost any sudden demand made by work or emergencies.Running trains your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen more efficiently to all parts of your body.It is worth noting that this sort of exercise is the only kind that can reduce heart disease，the number one cause of death in America.
Only one sort of equipment is needed—a good pair of shoes.Physicians advise beginning joggers not to run in a tennis or gym shoe.Many design advances have been made in only the last several years that make an excellent running shoe indispensable if a runner wishes to develop as quickly as possible，with as little chance of injury as possible.A good running shoe will have a soft pad for absorbing shock，as well as a slightly built-up heel and a full heel-cup that will give the knee and ankle more stability.A wise investment in good shoes will prevent blisters and the foot，ankle and knee injuries and will also enable the wearer to run on paved or soft surfaces.
No other special equipment is needed；you can jog in any clothing you desire，even your street clothes.In cold weather，several layers of clothing are better than one heavy sweater or coat.If joggers are wearing several layers of clothing，they can add or subtract layers as conditions change.
It takes surprisingly little time to develop the ability to run.The American Jogging Association has a twelve-week program designed to move from a fifteen-minute walk to a thirty-minute run.A measure of common sense，a physical examination，and a planned schedule are all it takes.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在美国慢跑运动很流行，跑步对人们的身体有益，唯一需要的就是一双好的跑鞋。
5．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．It introduces jogging as a useful and practical sport.
B．It describes the type of clothing needed for jogging.
C．It distinguishes between jogging and other sport events.
D．It provides scientific evidence of the benefits of jogging.
答案　A
解析　主旨大意题。结合全文内容，尤其是根据第一段可知，本文主要向读者介绍了慢跑这一对身体非常有益的实用性运动项目。故选A。
6．Why is wearing several layers of clothing in winter better recommended
A．It can keep warmer.
B．It is a popular trend.
C．It looks much more fashionable.
D．It’s easier to adjust flexibly.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“If joggers are wearing several layers of clothing，they can add or subtract layers as conditions change.”可知，如果慢跑者穿几层衣服的话，可以随着情况的变化灵活增减衣服。
7．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Jogging needs no special equipment but long-time practice.
B．For beginning joggers，tennis or gym shoes are better choices.
C．Jogging can do good to the heart，lungs and help reduce heart disease.
D．A pair of good running shoes with a full heel-cup is designed to prevent shock.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Running trains your heart and lungs to deliver oxygen more efficiently to all parts of your body.It is worth noting that this sort of exercise is the only kind that can reduce heart disease”可知，慢跑对心肺有好处且可以减少心脏疾病。
8．What’s the author’s attitude towards jogging
A．Skeptical. B．Supportive.
C．Neutral. D．Objective.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。根据第一段中的“The plain truth is that jogging is a cheap，quick and efficient way to maintain physical fitness.”可知，慢跑便宜、快速，并且所需装备少。根据最后一段中的“A measure of common sense，a physical examination，and a planned schedule are all it takes.”可知，慢跑很简单。因此作者对其持支持态度。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Canada is considered one of the most fascinating countries in the world and attracts numerous tourists from all over the world every year. 1 Here are some tips on how to make your trip budget-friendly.
First，adopt economical ways to get around.Driving is one of the cheapest and most efficient ways to get around Canada.If you live close to Canada，you can drive your own car through customs and border control，or you can rent a car. 2 Though it tends to be slower，tickets are extremely cheap，especially when booked in advance.What’s more，you can travel by train across Canada and along the coasts，which is one of the most cost-friendly ways to see the country.
3 These are very popular and inexpensive ways to stay the night.Look for shared rooms rather than entire homes，because sharing the spaces tends to be cheaper.Alternatively，you can stay at hostels.Most hostels have shared bathrooms and kitchen areas，and might have shared bedrooms as well.
To have fun，go to music，art，and food festivals.Especially during the summer，most large cities have a variety of outdoor festivals with free entrance. 4 You can also visit museums，art galleries，and universities.Art and history are extremely important cultural aspects of life in Canada，so there are many free or low-cost museums and galleries to visit.Additionally，most universities offer free tours of their campuses. 5
Keep these tips in mind，and even if you’re on a tight budget，you can spend time in major cities in Canada，enjoy the outdoors，and experience the unique culture of the country.
A．Some of them include small museums or historical landmarks.
B．As for accommodation，use home-sharing services like Airbnb.
C．Domestic tourism industry has also boomed in Canada in recent years.
D．Besides，visit local websites to find the best hotels topping tourists’ list.
E．If you are longing for a trip to Canada but on a tight budget，don’t worry.
F．Take advantage of the opportunity to see local artists and sample Canadian cuisine!
G．If you don’t have a tight schedule，taking the Megabus from city to city is a good choice.
1．答案　E
解析　根据上文可知，加拿大是一个旅游胜地；而空后一句则提到有一些省钱的旅行建议。选项E“如果你渴望去加拿大旅行，但预算紧张，不要担心”承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
2．答案　G
解析　上文建议读者自驾或租赁汽车旅行；而空后一句提到了速度较慢，票价十分便宜，说明空处应该提到了某种公共交通工具。选项G建议读者乘坐Megabus，与下文内容一致。故选G。
3．答案　B
解析　空处为段首句，应引起本段内容。根据本段下文可知，本段主要讲述的是旅游期间的住宿问题。选项B符合语境，且其中“accommodation”与下文“stay the night”呼应。故选B。
4．答案　F
解析　空前建议读者参加一些关于音乐、艺术或美食的节日。选项F“借此机会去看看当地的艺术家，品尝加拿大美食”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
5．答案　A
解析　上文建议读者欣赏加拿大的艺术和历史，并提到很多大学提供免费的校园观光。选项A“其中一些(大学)就包含小型博物馆或历史地标”与上文提到的艺术、历史相呼应。故选A。Section Ⅶ 　Writing
本单元的写作目标是“描写一个运动时刻”。写此类文章时，必须把下列要素介绍清楚：
1．要描述什么运动项目；
2．这个运动项目发生的时间、地点；
3．作者的所见、所闻；
4．作者的感受。
开头段：
1．I watched the...at our sports meeting held on Monday.我在周一的运动会上观看了……
2．A sports meeting was held in our school on...
……我们学校举行了一场运动会。
3．It was a/an...experience that I would never forget.这是一次……的经历，我永远不会忘记。
4．What impressed me most was...
给我印象最深的是……
5．It is one of the...moments that I have ever experienced.这是我经历过的最……的时刻之一。
主体段：
1．He stood at the starting line，looking....他站在起跑线上，看上去……。
2．When the runners set off，everyone...
当赛跑运动员出发时，每个人都……
3．We all stood up and started cheering and shouting.我们都站起来，开始欢呼和叫喊。
4．I could see...running as fast as they could.
我能看见……在尽可能快地奔跑。
结尾段：
1．I believe this moment will...我相信这一时刻将……
2．Though he didn’t win the race，he...虽然他没有赢得比赛，但他……
3．Not only do we...，but we learn to take pride in our partners，cheer for them and help them when they are in need.
我们不仅……，还学会了以我们的同伴为荣，为他们喝彩，在他们需要的时候帮助他们。
假如你曾代表你班参加春季运动会4×100米接力比赛，请你用英语写一篇短文，详细描述一下当时参加比赛的情形与赛后的感受。
参考词汇：接力棒baton
第一步　审题谋篇
审题
写作要求是描写一个运动时刻。写作时应注意下面几点：
1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作中应注意记叙文的常规格式。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主。
3．主体人称：以第一人称为主。
谋篇
第一段：对经历的这次比赛作简单介绍；
第二段：详细描述一下赛前、赛中和赛后你的所见和听闻；
第三段：描述一下你的感受。
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇
1．春季运动会spring sports meeting
2．接力赛的第一棒the first leg of the relay
3．起跑线the starting line
4．一……就 as soon as
5．像箭一样冲出去rush as an arrow
6．疯狂的欢呼wild cheering
7．得到回报pay off
8．合作cooperation/teamwork
连词成句
1．我曾经在我们的春季运动会上跑过4×100 米接力赛的第一棒。(first leg，relay)
I once ran the first leg of 4×100-metre relay at our spring sports meeting.
2．我站在起跑线上，等待着鸣枪，我几乎能听到自己的心跳。
When I stood on the starting line and waited for the starting gun，I could almost hear my heart beating.
3．枪声一响，我就像箭一样冲了出去。
As soon as the gun sounded，I rushed as an arrow.
4．直到今天，我都不记得我是怎么跑完这一棒的。(宾语从句)
To this day，I don’t remember how I finished my leg of the relay.
5．我把接力棒传给了第二个选手。(baton)
I passed the baton to the second runner.
6．我听到了疯狂的欢呼和叫喊。(wild)
I heard the wild cheering and shouting.
7．观众都站了起来，欢呼声更响了。
The crowd rose to their feet and their cheering became even louder.
8．我们出色的团队合作帮助我们赢得了比赛。
Our great teamwork/cooperation helped us win the game.
第三步　句式升级
1．用现在分词作状语升级句2。
Standing on the starting line and waiting for the starting gun，I could almost hear my heart beating.
2．用“only＋状语”置于句首合并句5和句6。
Only when I passed the baton to the second runner did I hear the wild cheering and shouting.
3．用强调句式升级句8。
It was our great teamwork/cooperation that helped us win the game.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
I once ran the first leg of 4×100-metre relay at our spring sports meeting.It was exciting and unforgettable.
Standing on the starting line and waiting for the starting gun，I could almost hear my heart beating.As soon as the gun sounded，I rushed as an arrow.To this day，I don’t remember how I finished my leg of the relay.Only when I passed the baton to the second runner did I hear the wild cheering and shouting.The whole race was over in just an instant.The crowd rose to their feet and their cheering became even louder.Our team won the race，and the four of us hugged each other tightly for quite a while，which was really an exciting moment.
As far as I am concerned，it was our great teamwork/cooperation that helped us win the game.

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