资源简介

Section Ⅰ　Vocabulary
Ⅰ.写重点词汇
1．delicate adj.脆弱的
2．landmark n．地标
3．splendid adj.壮丽的
4．antelope n．羚羊
5．leisure n．空闲，闲暇
6．wetland n．湿地
7．wander v．徘徊；闲逛
8．scenery n．风景，景色
9．jungle n．(热带)丛林
10．candidate n．申请者
11．genuine adj.真的，真正的；真诚的
12．salary n．薪金，工资
13．waist n．腰，腰部
14．at one’s leisure空闲时
15．in favour of支持，赞同
16．catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意
17．bring...to life 使……更生动；使……苏醒过来
18．highlight the importance of 强调……的重要性
19．be made up of 由……组成
20．under threat 受到威胁
Ⅱ.悟拓展词汇
1．steadily adv.平稳地→steady adj.稳定的
2．massive adj.巨大的→mass n．块，团
3．economy n．经济→economic adj.经济的，经济学的→economical adj.经济实惠的，节约的
4．disturb v．干扰，扰乱→disturbing adj.令人不安的→disturbance n．打扰；骚乱
5．operator n．经营者；操作员→operate v．经营；操作；动手术→operation n．操作；经营；运转；手术
6．conservationist n．(动植物或古旧建筑的)保护工作者；环境保护主义者→conservation n．保护→conserve v．保护；保存；节省；节约
7．applicant n．申请人→apply v．申请→application n．申请
8．favour n．支持，赞同；帮助→favourable adj.支持的；有利的→favourite adj.最喜爱的(人或事物)
9．advertise v．做广告→advertisement n．广告→advertising n．广告业→advertiser n．广告商
10．negotiable adj.可协商的→negotiate v．谈判，协商→negotiation n．谈判，协商
11．preference n．优先(权)；偏爱→prefer v．更喜欢，偏爱
12．qualification n．资格，技能条件→qualify v．使具有资格→qualified adj.有资格的；称职的
Ⅲ.认阅读词汇
1．Qingshuihe Bridge is the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.n.永久冻土层
2．In 2015，the Tibetan antelopes were removed from the endangered species list.adj.西藏的
3．On the endless grassland，you can see herds of sheep eating grass at their leisure.n.草原
4．Undoubtedly，radiation from the power station will do harm to humans’ health.n.辐射
5．Time seems to stand still，with no light wind disturbing the mirror-like lakes.adj.如镜面般的
6．There are four famous plateaus in China，among which the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau attracts most visitors.n.高原
7．The news that he won the election was broadcast via a TV interview.prep.通过……传送；借助于
8．To reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide，we should choose more environment-friendly means of transport.n.散发物，排放物
leisure n．空闲；休闲(leisurely adj.悠闲的 adv.悠闲地)
at leisure闲散，悠闲；不慌不忙，从容
at one’s leisure 空闲时；有空时
leisure time 闲暇时光
(1)He was wandering around the street at leisure yesterday afternoon.
(2)I enjoyed a leisurely(leisure) walk on the country road，feeling the warmth of the sun on my face.
[写作佳句]
(3)大多数人赞成缩短工作时间和增加休闲时间。
Most people are in favour of shorter working hours and more leisure time.
operator n．经营者；操作员[operate v．(使)运行；(使)运转；操作，使用；起作用，奏效；经营；动手术 operation n．运转；操作；经营；手术]
operate on...给……做手术
carry out/do/perform an operation on 给……进行手术
put/bring sth into operation实施；使……运转；启用
come into operation开始工作；开始生效
(1)A lot of operators(operate) were disturbed by the manager’s confusing explanation.
(2)You’d better carefully read the operation(operate) instructions before using the machine.
[写作佳句]
(3)为了阻止环境继续受到污染，一项新政策将于下个月开始实施。
To keep the environment from being continually polluted，a new policy will come into operation next month.
(4)医生昨天夜里为他做了紧急腿部手术。
Doctors performed an emergency operation on/operated urgently on his leg last night.
applicant n．申请人 [apply v．申请；应用，运用；(对……)适用；将……投入；涂，敷application n．申请；应用]
apply to...for向……申请……
apply to do sth申请做某事
apply A to B把A应用/涂抹于B
apply to适用于……
apply oneself to...专注于……
(1)(2020 江苏)For many British people，that can apply to institutions and objects that represent their country’s past—age-old castles，splendid homes...and red phone boxes.
(2)All applicants(apply) who have applied to the school for the scholarship should submit an online application(apply) form before September 4th.
[写作佳句]
(3)我写信申请您在今天报纸上刊登的那个职位。我承诺，一旦被贵公司雇用，我将专注于做好我的工作。如果您能考虑一下我的申请，我将不胜感激。
I am writing to apply for the post you advertised on today’s newspaper.I promise once I am employed by your company，I will apply myself to doing my job well.I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
favour n．支持，赞同；恩惠，帮助；偏爱[favourable adj.给人好印象的；赞成的，支持的；有利的 favourite adj.最喜爱的(人或事物)]
in favour of支持，赞成
in sb’s favour对某人有利
do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb帮某人的忙
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb请某人帮忙
owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情
(1)The manager said that he was in favour of the younger applicant.
(2)To my surprise，he should decline to do a favour for me when I turned to him for help.
(3)Judging from his comments，we can know he holds a favourable(favour) attitude to the former candidate.
[写作佳句]
(4)机遇和成功往往青睐那些有准备的人。
Opportunities and success tend to favour those who are ready/prepared.
(5)(应用文写作之求助信)我写这封信，希望你能够在即将到来的面试中帮助我。
I’m writing this letter，hoping that you can do me a favour/do a favour for me with my coming interview.
advertise v．(为……)做广告(宣传)；登广告 (advertisement n．广告)
advertise for登广告征求……
be advertised as被宣传为
(1)The nursing home is advertising for a volunteer to help look after the old.
(2)Miss Smith recently put an advertisement(advertise) in the local newspaper.
(3)The distant grassland is advertised as the most beautiful tourist attraction in this region.
[写作佳句]
(4)我写信是为了表示我对报纸上刊登的职位很感兴趣。(分词作后置定语)
I’m writing to show my keen interest in the position advertised in the newspaper.
preference n．偏爱；优先(权)(prefer vt.更喜欢)
have a preference for对……偏爱
prefer to do/doing sth宁愿做某事；更喜欢做某事
prefer sb to do sth宁愿某人做某事
prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 与(做)B相比更喜欢(做)A
prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B
(1)When it comes to where to live，my sister prefers to live/living(live) in big cities while I have a preference(prefer) for country life.
(2)Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay(stay) longer and spend.
[写作佳句]
(3)我更喜欢欣赏内蒙古大草原的美丽风景而不是待在旅馆里。
I prefer to enjoy the beautiful scenery of Inner Mongolia grassland rather than stay in the hotel.
qualification n．资格，技能条件[qualify v．使具备资格；(使)合格 qualified adj.有资格的，称职的]
the qualification for/to do sth做某事的资格
qualify sb to do sth使某人有资格做某事
be qualified for/to do sth有资格做某事
(1)The test will qualify you to drive(drive) heavy vehicles.
(2)The boss had a preference for the applicant with a teaching qualification(qualify)．
[写作佳句]
(3)我们很遗憾地通知你，你不适合我们在报纸上登广告的工作。
We regret to inform you that you are not qualified for/don’t qualify for the job that we’ve advertised in the newspaper.
catch one’s eye 吸引某人的注意；惹人注目
catch one’s attention吸引某人的注意力
catch one’s breath屏住呼吸，屏息；喘一口气
catch up with 赶上……
catch on了解；理解；流行起来
catch sight of看见
用catch相关的短语填空
(1)The song is so touching that I believe it will catch on quickly.
(2)He was walking in the park when a massive cloud caught his eye.
(3)If you miss a lot of classes，it’s difficult for you to catch up with your classmates.
(4)(读后续写之心理描写)When she saw the bear，she caught her breath，frozen there.
[写作佳句]
(5)当我经过中央公园时，我突然看到了我的一位老朋友。
When I was passing the central park，I suddenly caught sight of an old friend of mine.
be made up of＝consist of 由……组成
make up组成，构成；编造；弥补；化妆；和好
make up with与……和好
make up for弥补；补偿
make up one’s mind下定决心
(1)He made up some excuses for his being late for school.
(2)The workers have made up their minds to make up for the lost time.
[写作佳句]
(3)现在是人类采取有效措施弥补损失的时候了。
It is high time that human beings should take effective measures to make up for what we have lost.
(4)这些申请人由来自全国各地的大学毕业生组成。
The applicants are made up of/consist of college graduates from all over the country.
Ⅰ.一词多义
disturb A.干扰，扰乱；打扰　B.弄乱　C.使焦虑，使不安
1．Be careful and don’t disturb the papers on my desk. B
2．To be honest，the news you told me really disturbed me a lot. C
3．He left the phone off the hook as he didn’t want to be disturbed. A
Ⅱ.熟词生义
1．The man who suffered a massive heart attack was his uncle.非常严重的
2．Nowadays，many individuals favour online shopping because it is more convenient.喜欢，喜爱
3．(2021 全国乙)The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander，without making it impossible to focus.走神，(思想)开小差
训练1　Vocabulary(A)
分值：47.5分
Ⅰ.单词拼写(共10题；每小题1分，共10分)
1．To live a low-carbon life，many people choose buses in preference to private cars to work.
2．When we turned around，we saw a massive(巨大的) landmark there.
3．I am disturbed(扰乱) by the complaints that have been made against you.
4．My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was in favour of it.
5．The findings published recently can provide an early warning of threats to Antarctica’s delicate ecosystem.
6．It is agreed that the newly-built shopping mall is an ideal place for leisure(休闲)．
7．All the girls in my office preferred the perfume advertised(宣传) in the magazine.
8．The poor child was dressed in rags，wandering(徘徊) in the street begging for food.
9．To get a promotion and a higher salary，she had to work hard to get her qualification first.
10．Her application for a position in the company was declined，which made her very upset.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
1．The new plant is scheduled to come into operation(operate) in May this year.
2．It is a piece of disturbing(disturb) news that I am not the candidate that you favour.
3．The changes in Chinese family life reflect the economic(economy) development of our country.
4．Being a qualified (qualify) geologist，I firmly believe that I am equal to the position.
5．The manager repeated the question several times but the applicants couldn’t catch on.
6．Couples who were enjoying the beautiful scenery strolled along the beach leisurely(leisure)．
7．I prefer travel(l)ing/to travel (travel) in worldwide places of interest but have no enough money.
8．A medical team made(make) up of 3 doctors and 10 nurses was sent to the earthquake-stricken area immediately.
9．With joint efforts，more favo(u)rable (favour) measures have been taken to protect the endangered animals from dying out.
10．Some advertisements(advertise) are spreading false information with the purpose of tricking customers into buying their products.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
In 2012，I teamed up with nine other cavers to go on a helicopter ride to the Mt.Bisaro Plateau，situated about 10 kilometres north of Fermie，British Columbia.The area is a playground of caves; they’re everywhere，but as we soon discovered，most are short and blocked with rock，snow，or ice.Only one hole showed potential.Standing at the cliff of the deep drop-off，we looked at and threw a rock down the shaft(竖井)．A four-second silence was followed by a massive boom reverberating(回响) from below.We looked at each other with huge eyes，“That’s deep！”
The next few years were exciting，with annual trips to Bisaro Anima.Long days were spent equipping and mapping the vertical cave.It took nine hours to travel from the mouth of the cave to our exploration areas.In 2015，we set up the first of three underground cave camps，where we restored equipment that allowed for a lot of exploration.We started doing winter trips because the water level is lower in the cave and it is not frozen.While the mountaintop is frozen in winter，the cave has the same temperature year-round.We did studies to understand the water flow in the cave,3D mapped the mountain’s surface with a drone，and climbed many vertical shafts looking for shortcuts to the surface.
We followed valleys and waterfalls deep in the cave and were amazed to find a lake more than half a kilometre down in the middle of the mountain.The only way to continue seemed to be underwater.In 2018，I dived into the lake and proved Bisaro Anima is the deepest known cave in Canada，but unluckily，damaged equipment thwarted my attempt to go very far.In 2019，I broke my ankle while dragging equipment in，and the 2020 trip was cancelled.In 2021，I finally got a second chance.
Ten years after the discovery of Bisaro Anima，it’s been confirmed to be the deepest cave in Canada at a depth of 683 metres and a length of 6.4 kilometres.
1．What can we learn about the caves from paragraph 1
A．Most of them are very deep.
B．Most of them have been destroyed by humans.
C．They are common in Mt.Bisaro Plateau.
D．They have disappointed many adventurers.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The area is a playground of caves; they’re everywhere，but as we soon discovered，most are short and blocked with rock，snow，or ice.”可知，洞穴在比萨罗山高原很常见。故选C。
2．What makes winter trips possible
A．The lower level of water.
B．The frozen mountaintop.
C．The advanced equipment.
D．The 3D mapping technology.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“We started doing winter trips because the water level is lower in the cave and it is not frozen.”可知，洞穴中较低的水位使冬季旅行成为可能。故选A。
3．What does the underlined word “thwarted” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Inspired. B．Witnessed.
C．Saved. D．Prevented.
答案　D
解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“but unluckily，damaged equipment”和下文“my attempt to go very far”以及下一段作者最终确认了洞穴的深度可推知，此次损坏的设备阻止了作者向更深处的尝试。由此可知，thwarted与Prevented(阻止)意思接近。故选D。
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To call on people to protect Canada’s deepest cave.
B．To show the present situation of Canada’s deepest cave.
C．To give an account of diving into Canada’s deepest cave.
D．To stress the difficulty in exploring Canada’s deepest cave.
答案　C
解析　写作意图题。根据第一段第一句、第二段中“It took nine hours to travel from the mouth of the cave...allowed for a lot of exploration.”以及第三段中“In 2018...I finally got a second chance.”可知，文章主要是为了讲述潜入加拿大最深洞穴的经历。故选C。
Ⅳ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
According to a common saying，“Honesty is the best policy.” 1 Lying often seems like a good way to impress people or avoid blame for mistakes.Some people lie out of habit，without even realizing they’re doing it.But despite all this，honesty really is worth the effort.
One obvious reason for honesty is that lies are difficult to maintain.There’s always a chance that the person you lied to will find out the truth. 2
Lies are also difficult to hide because they are harder to remember than the truth.If you make up a story，you have to remember all the details. 3 But if you commit to telling the truth，you will never have trouble remembering.This saves you effort and makes conversations less stressful for you.
Another obvious reason to avoid lying is that lying can harm others.People who believe your lies might make bad decisions because of them.And a lie about someone else could destroy that person’s reputation.On a personal level，if your friends find out you lied to them，their feeling will be hurt.They will question whether they can trust you or wonder whether you care about them.In contrast，if you always tell the truth，you will develop a reputation for honesty. 4 Business deals，friendships，family and romantic relationships all depend on trust.
5 Sometimes it’s best to remain silent if your words might hurt someone else.Honesty means that when you speak，you tell the truth without holding any information back.When you do that，you will feel more relaxed and enjoy stronger relationships.
A．But in daily life，honesty can be difficult.
B．This will help you in every area of your life.
C．Is the gain from lying really worth the risk
D．Being honest is a basic principle for us to deal with others.
E．We will get others’ respect and appreciation if telling the truth.
F．And the more lies you tell，the more stories you have to remember.
G．Honesty，however，doesn’t mean you have to say everything in your mind.
1．答案　A
解析　根据后文“Lying often seems like a good way to impress people or avoid blame for mistakes.”可知，撒谎似乎是给人留下深刻印象或避免因错误而被责备的好方法。由此可知，在日常生活中撒谎会更轻松。A选项引起下文，强调在现实生活中诚实不容易做到，与下文的“honesty really is worth the effort”呼应。故选A。
2．答案　C
解析　根据前文“One obvious reason for honesty is that lies are difficult to maintain.There’s always a chance that the person you lied to will find out the truth.”可知，撒谎终究会被人发现，因此撒谎是有风险的。C选项承接上文，反问从撒谎获得的益处值得冒险么。故选C。
3．答案　F
解析　根据前文“Lies are also difficult to hide because they are harder to remember than the truth.If you make up a story，you have to remember all the details.”可知，谎言很难隐藏，若要编造一个故事，就得记住所有的细节，可推知撒的谎越多就需要记住越多的细节。F选项承接上文，其中stories与前文story呼应。故选F。
4．答案　B
解析　根据前文“In contrast，if you always tell the truth，you will develop a reputation for honesty.”可知，说实话能带来好名声。B选项“这会在生活的各个方面帮助你”承接上文，且呼应下文提到的生意、友情、亲情、爱情。故选B。
5．答案　G
解析　根据后文“Sometimes it’s best to remain silent if your words might hurt someone else.”可知，此处强调有的时候要保持沉默，即不必说出自己所知的一切，因为这有可能对别人造成伤害。G选项“诚实并不意味着要说出你想说的一切”引起下文，符合语境。故选G。
训练2　Vocabulary(B)
分值：35分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Within the next 30 years，urban expansion(城市扩张) is due to result in up to 1.53 million square kilometers of new urbanized land，directly threatening 855 species，according to the findings of a new Yale-led study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The study identified hotspot cities that are expected to have particularly large impacts on species habitats.Many of these cities are in equatorial(赤道的) regions where urban growth is in line with biodiverse habitats.The cities that present the greatest threat to species due to expansion are mostly located in the developing regions of sub-Saharan Africa，South America，Mesoamerica，and Southeast Asia.
The study relied on data from Yale’s Map of Life—a collection of species distribution(分布) data used to monitor，research，and create policies that protect species worldwide.It also used recently developed land-use plans to estimate future habitat loss from urban land expansion for more than 30,000 species globally.It found that urban land expansion is a significant driver of habitat loss for about one-third of these.
This study throws light on the need for global protection efforts to include policies to preserve species in urban lands.“Cities are actually part of the solution，” said co-author Karen Seto.“We can build cities differently than we have in the past.They can be biodiversity centers and save land for nature.”
“We are at a vital moment when the world’s governments are reconsidering their commitments to the Convention on Biological Diversity.This study is important since it lets us quantify(量化)，for the first time，which specific species are most threatened by urban growth and where urban protected areas are needed to preserve them，” said co-author Robert McDonald.
Despite the risk of species loss from land expansion，the study highlights how cities can proactively protect biodiversity，Seto said.“The majority of these places have yet to be built.Science-driven policies that guide how the cities of tomorrow get built will have an enormous effect.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。城市扩张将导致许多物种受到威胁，对此，研究人员提出可以将城市作为保护物种的解决方案的一部分。
1．What does the new study do
A．It suggests the greatest threat to species.
B．It identifies hotspot cities that need to stop urban expansion.
C．It demonstrates how future urban expansion will impact species.
D．It estimates how much new urbanized land will be in developing regions.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Within the next 30 years，urban expansion(城市扩张) is due to result in up to 1.53 million square kilometers of new urbanized land，directly threatening 855 species”可知，这项新研究论证了未来城市扩张将如何影响物种。故选C。
2．What role does Yale’s Map of Life play in this study
A．A policy maker.
B．A data provider.
C．A land-use planner.
D．A publishing platform.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The study relied on data from Yale’s Map of Life—a collection of species distribution(分布) data used to monitor，research，and create policies that protect species worldwide.”可知，耶鲁大学的生命地图在这项研究中扮演了数据提供者的角色。故选B。
3．What can we learn from the text
A．Karen Seto is optimistic about dealing with urban expansion.
B．A lot of cities have already been built as biodiversity centers.
C．The Convention on Biological Diversity is key to solving the problem.
D．The world’s governments have taken measures to prevent urban land expansion.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段和倒数第一段可知，Karen Seto认为科学合理地建设新城市可以帮助维护生物多样性，由此可推知，Karen Seto对应对城市扩张持乐观态度。故选A。
4．What is a suitable title for this text
A．Urban Expansion Cannot Be Avoided
B．Species Habitats Should Be Brought under Control
C．Cities Can Be Part of the Solution to Preserving Species
D．The Risk of Species Loss from Land Expansion Is Terrifying
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第四段中“‘Cities are actually part of the solution，’ said co-author Karen Seto.‘We can build cities differently than we have in the past.They can be biodiversity centers and save land for nature.’”可知，文章主要提出了可以让城市成为保护物种的解决方案之一。故C选项“城市可以成为保护物种的解决方案的一部分”适合作文章标题。故选C。
B
The threat of climate change and warming oceans is growing bigger for the world’s coral reefs，which are struggling to adapt to increasingly bad waters.Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania have showed a new way we may be able to limit the damage—taking coral species that have already survived severe heat stress and transplanting them to degraded reefs to sow the seeds(播种)．
We are seeing a lot of focus from environmental scientists on how corals can be made more resistant to heat stress.Some creative solutions include planting them with helpful bacteria，developing tougher species through a new technique and feeding them medicine to increase their chances of survival.
All of these are part of the effort to prevent the changes brought upon corals by abnormal sea temperatures，which cause algae(藻类) living in them to become stressed and break free.This leaves the coral without a key source of food and causes them to turn white(coral bleaching)，and in a lot of cases，die off，as seen in the bleaching events to trouble Australia’s Great Barrier Reef in recent years.
An eco-friendly solution being explored by the University of Pennsylvania team focuses on corals that have already proved themselves in the face of severe bleaching events.The scientists searched for Hawaii’s coral reefs，which survived severe bleaching in 2015，with the intention of studying how they respond to being placed in an entirely different environment.“The cool thing was that we didn’t see any differences in their bleaching response after this transplant，and they were still in good condition，” says Katie Barott，who led the research team.
While the findings promise well，these techniques to address the broader problem isn’t a practical solution.“Techniques like this can buy us a little time，but there isn’t a substitute for limiting carbon emissions，” says Barott.“We need global action on climate change because even bleaching-resistant corals aren’t going to survive forever if ocean warming keeps increasing as fast as it is today.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为应对气候变化和海洋变暖对全球珊瑚礁的威胁，科学家们展示了一种新的方法，即将在严重高温中存活下来的珊瑚物种移植到退化的珊瑚礁上进行播种。
5．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The need to plant corals.
B．The work to develop new corals.
C．The need to save weak corals.
D．The work to help corals to survive heat stress.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据第二段“We are seeing a lot of focus...feeding them medicine to increase their chances of survival.”可知，本段主要谈到几项努力帮助珊瑚抵抗高温压力的干预措施。故选D。
6．What can we know about corals with heat stress
A．They may die of hunger.
B．They are harmful to fishes.
C．They change color to green.
D．They hide themselves deep in the sea.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“This leaves the coral without a key source of food and causes them to turn white(coral bleaching)，and in a lot of cases，die off...”可知，高温压力下的珊瑚可能会由于缺少重要的食物源而白化或死亡。故选A。
7．How did the transplanted corals grow in the new environments
A．Slowly. B．Normally.
C．Rapidly. D．Hard.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“The cool thing was that we didn’t see any differences in their bleaching response after this transplant，and they were still in good condition”可知，移植后的珊瑚在新环境中能够正常生长，并保持一种健康的状态。故选B。
8．In which section of a magazine can we probably read the text
A．Culture. B．Health.
C．Environment. D．Tourism.
答案　C
解析　文章出处题。通读全文尤其根据第一段“The threat of climate change and warming oceans is growing bigger for the world’s coral reefs...transplanting them to degraded reefs to sow the seeds(播种)．”可知，文章主要介绍了一种可以挽救海洋中因全球变暖而濒危的珊瑚的方法。由此推知，在杂志的环境版块我们可以读到这篇文章。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
To promote various applications of Dunhuang art patterns in daily life design and achieve the development of cultural heritage represented by Dunhuang art patterns，the Chang Shana Design Award in 2021 1. (announce) on January 21.
Chang Shana，an outstanding designer and educator in China，was just 13 when her love affair with Dunhuang 2. (begin)．Born in France，she returned from Paris with her father and involved 3. (they) in the cause of cultural heritage.She was much 4. (young) than the other members in the conservation and research team at the Mogao Caves,5. leader was her father Chang Shuhong(1904－1994)，6. noted painter and director of the Dunhuang Academy.Chang has spent her entire life carrying on her father’s 7. (devote) to Dunhuang.She applied the classic patterns 8. her own modern designs in a creative way after conducting research into the variety of patterns 9. (find) on the murals(壁画)．
In the hope that more designers can understand and use the Dunhuang art patterns 10.__________(appropriate)，the competition is also meant to spread Dunhuang culture，practice the “Silk Road Spirit” and promote cultural exchanges along with the Belt and Road Initiative.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国杰出的设计师和教育家常沙娜及其父亲对敦煌的研究和保护所做出的贡献。
1．答案　was announced
解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语on January 21可知，此处使用一般过去时，announce与主语the Chang Shana Design Award in 2021之间为被动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was announced。
2．答案　began
解析　考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，此处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据主句的谓语动词was可知，此处应使用一般过去时，begin与句子主语her love affair之间为主动关系。故填began。
3．答案　themselves
解析　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为代词作involved的宾语，结合句意可知，此处应使用反身代词，指代上文中的she 和her father。故填themselves。
4．答案　younger
解析　考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，根据空后的than可知，此处应使用形容词的比较级。故填younger。
5．答案　whose
解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the conservation and research team与空后的名词leader之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词whose在从句中作定语。故填whose。
6．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，painter与director为可数名词单数，结合句意可知，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，且noted是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
7．答案　devotion
解析　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，devote的名词形式为devotion，意为“热爱”且为不可数名词。故填devotion。
8．答案　to
解析　考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定短语apply...to...，意为“把……应用到……”。故填to。
9．答案　found
解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词patterns，find与patterns之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填found。
10．答案　appropriately
解析　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰动词词组understand and use应用副词作状语。故填appropriately。Section Ⅲ　Understanding ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s the passage mainly about
A．The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is an impossible railway.
B．Workers met many difficulties in the process of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
C．The building of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the challenges it met.
D．The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the one we should be proud of.
答案　C
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．What did many foreign experts’ opinion about the building of the road
A．It would take a few years to construct the railway.
B．It would need a lot of machines to build the railway.
C．Only foreign companies could complete the task.
D．It was impossible to build the railway.
答案　D
2．What can we learn from the second paragraph
A．It took the workers less than a year to complete the railway.
B．The author was among the construction workers of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
C．The construction workers paid no attention to the ecosystem.
D．The construction workers didn’t encounter the challenges foreign experts had expected.
答案　B
3．What did the railway workers concern most
A．How to protect the ecosystem along the railway.
B．Their own safety while building the railway.
C．The great number of bridges along the railway.
D．Grasslands and wetlands along the railway.
答案　A
4．What’s the purpose of building Qingshuihe Bridge
A．To prevent trains from falling into the river.
B．To protect wetlands and grasslands.
C．To allow the animals to move safely and freely.
D．To protect permafrost and grasslands.
答案　C
5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．The railway starts from Xining，the capital of Qinghai.
B．Located at over 5,000 meters above sea level，Lhasa Station is the highest station in the world.
C．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is referred to as the “roof of the world”．
D．Thousands and thousands of sandbags were used to protect Cuona Lake.
答案　B
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
1．Sitting(sit) back in my seat，I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”．The train 2.has been racing(race) along steadily since it left Xining.I was one of the people 3.coming(come) from all parts of China to work on this railway.When we built the great railway，how to protect the ecosystem was among the top 4.concerns(concern)．The first landmark 5.to catch(catch) my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge，6.which is the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost.Some passages were built to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their 7.natural(nature) habitat.There are other bridges built to prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands.To make sure that railway workers stayed healthy，several oxygen-making stations 8.were constructed(construct)．The railway workers also could enjoy regular breaks in lower areas.Using thousands and thousands of sandbags，we built a long wall along Cuona Lake to protect it 9.from construction waste.I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway in the world with 10.the care that the environment deserves.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．Sitting back in my seat，I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel(travel) along the railway that many foreign experts claimed(宣称) was “impossible”．(P82 Para.1)
结构分析：本句为主从复合句；Sitting back...为现在分词短语作伴随状语，第一个that引导宾语从句，作believe的宾语；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词railway。
汉语翻译：靠坐在火车的座位上，我仍然不敢相信，我将要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能建成”的铁路开始一段旅程。
2．The words “railways like massive(mass) dragons are winding among the mountains” seem particularly(particular) vivid as I travel across the “roof of the world”．(P82 Para.1)
结构分析：本句为主从复合句；主句的主语是The words，系动词是seem; as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。
汉语翻译：当火车开过“世界屋脊”时，“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”的歌词变得更加生动鲜活起来。
3．I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work(work) on this railway.(P83 Para.2)
结构分析：本句为主从复合句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
汉语翻译：修建青藏铁路的工人来自全国各地，而我就是其中之一。
4．The first landmark to catch(catch) my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge，the world’s longest bridge built(build) over permafrost.(P83 Para.3)
结构分析：本句为简单句；catch one’s eye意为“吸引某人的注意”； the world’s...permafrost是Qingshuihe Bridge的同位语。
汉语翻译：最先映入我眼帘的地标性建筑是壮观的清水河大桥，它是世界上最长的高原冻土铁路桥。
5．To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands,675 bridges with a total length(long) of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa.(P83 Para.4)
结构分析：本句为简单句；To prevent damage...是不定式作目的状语。
汉语翻译：为了避免破坏湿地和草原，我们在格尔木和拉萨之间建造了675座大桥，总长度约160千米。
6．The journey has been flying by，and before I know it，we have reached(reach) Tanggula Station.(P83 Para.5)
结构分析：本句为并列复合句；and连接前后两个并列分句；第二个分句中含有before引导的时间状语从句，before意为“还没来得及”。
汉语翻译：火车一路疾驰，还没等我反应过来，就已经到达了唐古拉车站。
7．Using thousands and thousands of sandbags，we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste.(P84 Para.6)
结构分析：本句为简单句；Using thousands...sandbags为现在分词短语作状语。
汉语翻译：沿着湖边，我们用成千上万个沙袋筑起了一道二十千米的保护墙，使它免受建筑废料的污染。
8．Water birds playing in the lake，and cattle and sheep wandering(wander) the grasslands bring the scenery to life.(P84 Para.6)
结构分析：本句为简单句；主语是Water birds...and cattle and sheep...，谓语动词是bring...to life，意为“使……充满生机”；playing in the lake是现在分词短语作定语，修饰Water birds。
汉语翻译：在湖面上嬉戏的水鸟，在草原上游荡的牛羊，让这片风景充满勃勃生机。
9．I am proud that we built our “impossible” railway，and did so with the care that the environment deserves.(P84 Para.7)
结构分析：本句为主从复合句；第一个that引导宾语从句，从句的谓语动词是built和did；that the environment deserves是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词care。
汉语翻译：我们建成了一条“不可能建成”的铁路，并且给予当地环境充分的保护，我为此感到骄傲和自豪。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
特殊疑问词＋不定式
How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.(P83 Para.2)
怎样保护脆弱的生态系统是最令人关注的问题。
结构分析：此处为“疑问词＋不定式”结构作主语； among the top concerns意为“最重要的事情之一”。
“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等成分。
在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式，不能用被动式。
(1)问题是如何在不破坏环境的情况下发展经济。
The problem is how to develop economy without disturbing the environment.
(2)徘徊在陌生城市的街头，我不知道该去哪里。
Wandering along the street in a new city，I have no idea where to go.
(3)那里的景色太美了，我不知道该怎么形容。
The scenery there is so amazing that I don’t know how to describe it.
(4)开会的时间和地点还没有决定。
When and where to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
课文重点词块默写
1．即将；刚要；正打算be about to
2．世界屋脊roof of the world
3．脆弱的生态系统the delicate ecosystem
4．克服挑战overcome the challenges
5．最关心的问题之一among the top concerns
6．引起某人的注意catch one’s eye
7．壮观的景色splendid scenery
8．空闲时at one’s leisure
9．自然栖息地natural habitat
10．为了in order to
11．飞逝；疾驰而过fly by
12．成千上万的thousands and thousands of
13．保护……免受……protect...from...
14．确保make sure
15．自豪和成就感a sense of proud and achievement
16．伸手去……reach out
17．淡蓝色pale blue
18．使……充满生机bring...to life
19．因为我们的付出thanks to our efforts
20．了不起的“天路”an extraordinary “Sky Railway”
训练3　Understanding ideas(A)
分值：40分
Ⅰ.单句写作(申请成为植物园志愿者)(共15分)
1．得知植物园需要兼职工作人员，我写信申请这份工作。(现在分词短语作状语)
Knowing that part-time workers are wanted in the botanical garden，I am writing to apply for the job.
2．作为一名热心的环保人士，我即将从生物专业毕业。(be about to do)
As a keen environmentalist，I am about to graduate as a biology major.
3．凭借丰富的生物学知识，我知道如何保护公园里的这些稀有物种。(“特殊疑问词＋to do”作宾语)
With my rich biology knowledge，I know exactly how to protect these rare species in the park.
4．我已经制定了一些计划来进行我的工作，并帮助人们更多地了解植物。(不定式作后置定语)
I have made some plans to carry out my work and help people know more about the plants.
5．我相信自己最能胜任这份工作。(be qualified for)
I am confident that I will be qualified for the job most.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Knowing that part-time workers are wanted in the botanical garden，I am writing to apply for the job.As a keen environmentalist，I am about to graduate as a biology major.With my rich biology knowledge，I know exactly how to protect these rare species in the park.Besides，I have made some plans to carry out my work and help people know more about the plants.All in all，I am confident that I will be qualified for the job most.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
Victoria Falls is one of the Seven Natural Wonders of the World.Statistically speaking，it is the largest waterfall in the world.Victoria Falls is located on the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe.The falls are also close to the border of Botswana.The Zambezi River，which originates in northern Zambia，serves as the falls’ water source.
There are basically two seasons for the Victoria Falls area.The rainy season runs from late November to early April with the remaining months accounting for the dry season.One would imagine that the rainy season with more water would make the falls more spectacular(壮观的)．However，the additional water and subsequent mist(水汽) in the air makes it nearly impossible to see the base of the falls.
The months of June and July are probably the best time to view the falls.The water levels are still high enough to show the beauty of the falls，but the amount of water is less，creating less mist and more visibility of the falls.
As you move into the later part of the dry season，August through October，it is quite possible that you will see more rock face than falls.However，this also opens the door for walking across the top of the falls，which can be a unique and exhilarating experience as well.
During the rainy season and high water，Victoria Falls can be a challenge to capture(抓拍) with a camera because of all of the mist in the air.However，this increases the probabilities that you will be able to capture rainbow images around the falls.
The lower water levels can create more dramatic pictures with various rocks cropping out between the falls.You should also be able to see the canyon and base of the falls.You will also be able to walk across the top of the falls and take images down the face of the falls.
1．Where does the water source of Victoria Falls originate
A．In northern Zambia.
B．In southern Zimbabwe.
C．At the border of Botswana.
D．Between the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The Zambezi River，which originates in northern Zambia，serves as the falls’ water source.”可知，维多利亚瀑布的水源源自赞比亚北部。故选A。
2．When is the best time for travelers to walk across the top of the falls
A．From November to April.
B．From August to October.
C．In the months of June and July.
D．In the months of May and June.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“As you move into the later part of the dry season，August through October...for walking across the top of the falls，which can be a unique and exhilarating experience as well.”可知，8月到10月是步行穿过瀑布顶部的最佳时间。故选B。
3．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 5 probably refer to
A．A camera.
B．High water.
C．The rainy season.
D．All of the mist in the air.
答案　D
解析　代词指代题。根据画线词上文“During the rainy season and high water，Victoria Falls can be a challenge to capture(抓拍) with a camera because of all of the mist in the air.”及下文“increases the probabilities that you will be able to capture rainbow images around the falls”可推知，空气中所有的雾虽然导致难以抓拍瀑布，却增加了你在瀑布周围捕捉到彩虹图像的可能性。故此处 this 指代的是“空气中所有的雾”。故选D。
4．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about
A．Travel strategies at different water levels.
B．Challenges for falls travelers to overcome.
C．Photo opportunities in different seasons.
D．Different views of the falls all the year round.
答案　C
解析　段落大意题。根据倒数第二段“During the rainy season and high water...capture rainbow images around the falls.”以及最后一段“The lower water levels can create more dramatic pictures...take images down the face of the falls.”可知，文章最后两段主要讲述了在雨季与旱季旅行者的一些拍照机会。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
When I was a child，I loved skateboarding.It brought me endless 1 .But after graduating from college and entering the workforce，the pressures of my job gradually led me to 2 this pastime.Several years later，while walking around in a park，I 3 a group of children skateboarding.It was like a clear 4 of my own childhood passion.
As I watched those kids 5 glide(滑行) on their skateboards，it was as though the wheels of time were turning backward.The 6 of the wind in my hair，the sense of freedom，and the excited feeling of skateboarding came rushing back.I longed to 7 those moments.
8 by the young skaters，I made a life-changing decision.I dusted off(拂去尘土) my skateboard，which had been quietly 9 in my store room for years，and took it to the local skate park.It was a bit 10 at first.But with each passing day，I 11 my balance，and the pure(纯粹的) joy of skateboarding returned.
Skateboarding became my 12 from the stress of work.It reminded me of the beauty of life’s simple 13 and how important it is to hold onto the things that make us 14 happy.My rediscovered love for skateboarding was a powerful 15 in treasuring the wonderful moments life has to offer.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者重拾儿时的滑板爱好，并从中获得生活感悟的故事。
1．A.strength B．honor
C．trouble D．joy
答案　D
解析　根据第三段的“the pure(纯粹的) joy of skateboarding returned”可知，小时候玩滑板给“我”带来了无尽的欢乐。故选D。
2．A.commit to B．set aside
C．take up D．bring back
答案　B
解析　根据前文的“the pressures of my job gradually led me to”可知，“我”大学毕业进入职场后，工作上的压力逐渐让“我”搁置了这种消遣。故选B。
3．A.imagined B．recognized
C．spotted D．remembered
答案　C
解析　根据后文“As I watched those kids glide(滑行) on their skateboards”可知，当“我”在公园里散步时，“我”看见一群孩子在玩滑板。故选C。
4．A.reminder B．symbol
C．experiment D．summary
答案　A
解析　根据前文的“When I was a child，I loved skateboarding.”可知，“我”从小就爱玩滑板；结合后文的“the sense of freedom，and the excited feeling of skateboarding came rushing back”可知，这个场景使“我”想起了“我”童年的爱好。故选A。
5．A.intentionally B．formally
C．calmly D．skillfully
答案　D
解析　根据后文的“glide(滑行) on their skateboards”并结合选项可推知，孩子们熟练地在滑板上滑行。故选D。
6．A.secrets B．memories
C．directions D．characteristics
答案　B
解析　根据上文的“it was as though the wheels of time were turning backward”和下文的“of the wind in my hair，the sense of freedom，and the excited feeling of skateboarding came rushing back”可知，时间的齿轮仿佛在向后转动，风吹在“我”的头发上，自由的感觉，以及滑板运动的刺激感，这些记忆都涌了出来。故选B。
7．A.reduce B．balance
C．relive D．exchange
答案　C
解析　根据上文的“The of the wind in my hair，the sense of freedom，and the excited feeling of skateboarding came rushing back.”可知，在记忆中，玩滑板的感觉很好，因此“我”渴望重温那些时刻。故选C。
8．A.Inspired B．Assisted
C．Recommended D．Embarrassed
答案　A
解析　根据上文“The of the wind in my hair，the sense of freedom，and the excited feeling of skateboarding came rushing back.I longed to those moments.”可知，“我”在公园里散步时看见了一群孩子正在玩滑板，这勾起了“我”童年玩滑板的美好记忆，“我”渴望重温那些时刻。因此，受那些滑板少年的启发，“我”做了一个改变人生的决定。故选A。
9．A.functioning B．flashing
C．rolling D．resting
答案　D
解析　根据上文的“I dusted off(拂去尘土) my skateboard”和下文的“in my store room for years”可知，滑板在储藏室里静置了多年。故选D。
10．A.difficult B．efficient
C．boring D．natural
答案　A
解析　根据第一段中的“Several years later”可知，“我”多年没有练习滑板了，所以现在重新练习时，一开始会有一些困难。故选A。
11．A.lost B．valued
C．assessed D．regained
答案　D
解析　根据上文的“It was a bit at first.”可知，“我”一开始重新练习滑板时有点困难，且根据下文的“and the pure(纯粹的) joy of skateboarding returned”可知，随着时间的推移“我”重新获得平衡。故选D。
12．A.return B．separation
C．escape D．suffering
答案　C
解析　根据上文“But with each passing day，I my balance，and the pure(纯粹的) joy of skateboarding returned.”和下文“from the stress of work”可知，滑板运动能给“我”带来纯粹的快乐，因此它成了“我”逃避工作压力的方式。故选C。
13．A.hardships B．pleasures
C．routines D．adventures
答案　B
解析　根据上文“and the pure(纯粹的) joy of skateboarding returned”和“Skateboarding became my from the stress of work.”可知，“我”找回了玩滑板的纯粹的乐趣，而且玩滑板帮助“我”暂时逃避工作压力，它让“我”意识到了生活中单纯的快乐是多么美好。故选B。
14．A.occasionally B．nearly
C．truly D．gradually
答案　C
解析　根据上文“the pure(纯粹的) joy”和“Skateboarding became my from the stress of work.It reminded me of the beauty of life’s simple ”可知，玩滑板让“我”意识到了生活中简单的乐趣是多么美好，以及抓住那些让我们真正快乐的东西是多么重要。故选C。
15．A.exam B．lesson
C．speech D．training
答案　B
解析　根据上文“My rediscovered love for skateboarding was a powerful”和下文“in treasuring the wonderful moments life has to offer”可知，“我”重新发现了对滑板运动的热爱，这是生活给予“我”的一堂要珍惜生活中美好时刻的强有力的一课。故选B。
训练4　Understanding ideas(B)
分值：32.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Plans to bring wild tigers back to their original home，their historical range(历史分布范围) in the Ili-Balkhash region，have been announced by Kazakhstan(哈萨克斯坦) and an agreement with World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to conduct a tiger reintroduction program has been signed.“It will not only bring wild tigers back to their original home，but also protect the unique ecosystem of the Ili-Balkhash region，” said Askar Myrzakhmetov，the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
If successful，Kazakhstan will be the first to bring wild tigers back to a region after half a century.Only reintroduction projects within national borders and current tiger habitats have been achieved.Kazakhstan’s program is unique and urgently requires restoring a vast forest part of the wild tiger’s historical range.
Since the beginning of the 20th century，wild tigers have lost over 90 per cent of their historical range.Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s，due to the loss of habitat.To prepare for the return of wild tigers，Kazakhstan will set up a new nature reserve in the southwestern Ili-Balkhash，in order to restore the unique forest habitat.This will include the protection of existing wildlife，and reintroducing important prey(猎物)，such as the endangered wild Bactrian deer(中亚红鹿)．
Restoring tigers will also help protect Lake Balkhash and prevent it from repeating the fate of the Aral Sea，formerly the world’s fourth largest lake and now 10 percent of its original size.“The hard work remains ahead of us.We have to spare no effort to make this region ready for tigers and involve all the relevant people to make this happen.That means dealing with illegal activities，having these people who govern parks be well-trained and equipped，increasing prey populations and involving local communities，” said Ekaterina Vorobyeva，Director of the WWF program.
1．What is Askar Myrzakhmetov’s attitude toward the tiger reintroduction program
A．Doubtful. B．Favorable.
C．Concerned. D．Disapproving.
答案　B
解析　观点态度题。由第一段中的“It will not only bring wild tigers back to their original home，but also protect the unique ecosystem of the Ili-Balkhash region”可以推断，Askar Myrzakhmetov对重新引进老虎的项目是支持的。故选B。
2．What made the wild tigers disappear in the Ili-Balkhash region
A．The increasing loss of prey.
B．The evolution of the species.
C．The lack of natural living places.
D．The serious environmental pollution.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s，due to the loss of habitat.”可知，19世纪40年代末野生老虎在此区域完全消失是由于栖息地的丧失。故选C。
3．Which measure may be taken for the reintroduction of tigers
A．Regulating human activities.
B．Limiting the number of prey.
C．Building a reserve for tigers only.
D．Training tigers to be more adaptable.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“We have to spare no effort to make this region ready for tigers...That means dealing with illegal activities...”可知，实施这个项目需要做很多准备工作，其中包含处理违法活动，即规范人类的活动。故选A。
4．What is the best title of the passage
A．Efforts to Restore Forests in Kazakhstan
B．Bringing Tigers Back Home to Kazakhstan
C．Attempts to Handle Illegal Activities Effectively
D．Preventing Tigers Disappearing in Kazakhstan
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。文章一开始就介绍了哈萨克斯坦准备重新引进野生老虎的计划，下文是对这一计划的背景、内容、意义、准备工作等方面的展开介绍。所以选项B与文章主旨一致，最适合作本文的标题。故选B。
B
You might think of martial arts movies when you see people performing graceful moves down the river，all standing on a bamboo strip，but actually it is a form of intangible cultural heritage: bamboo drifting(漂流)．
Over 2,000 years ago，the high-quality wood，nanmu，in Guizhou was in great demand by the royal court more than 2,000 kilometers to the north.With no better transportation，people had to stand on one log(原木) to drift down the river.Later，local people began to compete along the way and the game of wood drifting was born.In the Qing Dynasty，wood drifting became bamboo drifting because of bamboo’s lower price.Due to the skills it takes for one to master this act，bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2021.
Yang Liu，a 24-year-old inheritor of bamboo drifting，learned it at 7.“Usually，the bamboo under your feet is about 9 meters long，and the bamboo in your hands is about 5 meters.If the length or diameter(直径) of the bamboo is not long enough，it will not float.Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the narrow bamboo pole is the key，so we should fight against the current by constantly changing the angle.I lost my balance and fell in the water many times while practicing.Once I fell，I gave it another try until I knew how to handle the most difficult part，” she said.
The love for the ancient skill keeps Yang going.In the past 17 years，she has drifted all year round，in winter cold and summer heat.As hanfu culture has been on the rise，Yang started wearing hanfu while performing，creating a more beautiful feel.In 2020，Yang began to post her videos on social media.“I’m extremely proud to get responses from viewers that bamboo drifting makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear.It’s my mission to keep it alive and known to more people，” Yang Liu told China Daily.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国家级非物质文化遗产——独竹漂这项古老艺术的历史，并从其传承人杨柳的角度说明了其涉及的技艺、传承与创新。
5．What can be learned from the first two paragraphs
A．The martial arts movie is a form of cultural heritage.
B．Nanmu was delivered to the north by land.
C．Bamboo was costly in Guizhou 2,000 years ago.
D．Bamboo drifting involves lots of skills.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Due to the skills it takes for one to master this act，bamboo drifting was included in the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2021.”可知，独竹漂需要很多技巧。故选D。
6．What is the biggest challenge in bamboo drifting
A．Finding the proper bamboo.
B．Holding the bamboo firmly in hands.
C．Maintaining a fixed angle.
D．Keeping balance.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Keeping our feet firmly positioned on the narrow bamboo pole is the key...I gave it another try until I knew how to handle the most difficult part”可知，独竹漂的关键是能牢牢地站在狭窄的竹竿上，因为人很容易就会失去平衡而掉下去。由此可知，独竹漂的最大挑战是保持平衡。故选D。
7．What do the viewers think of bamboo drifting
A．Unbelievable. B．Elegant.
C．Confusing. D．Complicated.
答案　A
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“I’m extremely proud to get responses from viewers that bamboo drifting makes the line between what is possible and impossible unclear.”可知，观众认为独竹漂模糊了可能和不可能之间的界限。由此推知，他们认为独竹漂是令人难以置信的。故选A。
8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Transporting Bamboo down the River
B．Intangible Cultural Heritage in Guizhou
C．Balancing with Grace
D．Yang Liu：a Creative Performer
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“You might think of martial arts movies...bamboo drifting(漂流)．”可知，文章围绕独竹漂这项国家级非物质文化遗产展开，结合其传承人杨柳的经历和叙述，主要介绍了其历史、技艺、传承与创新。C项“优雅地平衡”呼应第一段中的graceful moves，突出了文中对其技艺中平衡这一点的强调，最适合作为标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
In a world-record effort to help save a rare sea creature，Australian scientists have released hundreds of baby seahorses into the wild.The tiny seahorses are endangered，and the scientists hope the new seahorses will help their numbers grow.
Seahorses are small，thin fish with a long mouth.They’re called “seahorses” because they look a bit like horses.Even though they’re fish，seahorses aren’t great swimmers. 1
There are over 40 different kinds of seahorses.They mostly live in warm，shallow waters around the world.They are often found in coral reefs，in beds of seagrass，and areas where rivers empty into the sea. 2 They eat tiny sea creatures and are eaten by bigger sea animals，such as crabs.
Many kinds of seahorses are threatened，often by the actions of humans. 3 They are also sometimes caught by accident when boats are trying to catch other fish.
4 Males have a special pouch(育儿袋) that allows them to carry over 100 babies at a time.The tiny babies are born alive and can swim right away.When they’re born，the babies are about the size of a grain of rice.
This is the fifth time the scientists have released seahorses into the area，and this is a new record. 5 The researchers say about 90% of them survived，which is unusually high.The researchers put tiny tags under the skin of many of the seahorses to help track them in the future.
A．Seahorse babies are easy to carry.
B．Around 380 seahorses were released.
C．Sometimes they’re caught and sold as pets.
D．People should be prohibited from catching seahorses.
E．Seahorses form an important part of the ocean’s food chain.
F．They often use their tails to hold onto something in the water.
G．Seahorses are unusual because it’s the males who carry the babies.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了为增加海马的数量，澳大利亚科学家第五次向大海里投放海马，这次投放数量创历史新高，而且成活率也特别高。
1．答案　F
解析　根据上文“Even though they’re fish，seahorses aren’t great swimmers.”可知，海马不擅长游泳，空处位于段末，应承接上文，F项“它们经常用尾巴抓住水里的东西(来固定身体)”符合语境，选项中的They指代上文的seahorses。故选F。
2．答案　E
解析　根据下文“They eat tiny sea creatures and are eaten by bigger sea animals，such as crabs.”可知，海马是海洋食物链的组成部分。E项“海马组成了海洋食物链的一个重要部分”符合语境。故选E。
3．答案　C
解析　根据上文“Many kinds of seahorses are threatened，often by the actions of humans.”可知，空处应陈述人类对海马做了哪些不好的事情。C项“有时它们会被捕获并作为宠物出售”符合题意，且选项中的“they are caught”呼应下文中“They are also sometimes caught”。故选C。
4．答案　G
解析　根据下文“Males have a special pouch(育儿袋)”可知，海马很是不同寻常，它们是雄性育儿。G项“海马是不寻常的，因为它是雄性孕育幼崽”符合语境。故选G。
5．答案　B
解析　根据空前“This is the fifth time the scientists have released seahorses into the area，and this is a new record.”和空后“The researchers say about 90% of them survived，which is unusually high.”可知，上文提到投放海马，下文提到存活率，前后句之间缺少过渡句，由此推知，空处很有可能陈述了投放的海马的数量。B项“大约380只海马被投放”符合语境。故选B。Section Ⅳ　Using language(1)—Present perfect continuous
阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并回答其后的题目
David ①has been looking forward to working in China.So he ②has been learning Chinese in the past two years.Until now he ③has mastered about 300 Chinese words and can communicate with Chinese people in simple Chinese.Besides，some Chinese stories ④have been bought by his parents and he ⑤has finished reading two of them.
[自主发现]
句①②使用了现在完成进行时，其构成为have/has＋been＋现在分词，表示从过去某时起一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。句③④⑤使用了现在完成时，其构成为have/has＋过去分词，表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，其被动形式为have/has been done。
现在完成进行时
一、现在完成进行时的结构
现在完成进行时由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成。
二、现在完成进行时的用法
1．常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在，并且会继续进行下去的动作。动词多用延续性动词，并常和all this time，this week，this month，all night，all the morning，recently，for＋一段时间等状语以及since引导的状语从句连用。
He has been writing articles to the newspapers since he became a teacher.
自从任教以来，他一直在为报刊撰稿。
I have been waiting for that applicant for an hour，but he still hasn’t turned up.
我已经等那位申请人一个小时了，可他还没出现。
2．表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。
We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently.最近我们常常见面。
You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad.整整一年你都在说要出国学习。
3．表示某种感彩。
I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.和你见面是我盼望已久的事。
Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事的日子。
三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时
1．现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
Have you been meeting him recently？你最近常和他见面吗？
Have you met him recently？你最近见过他吗？
2．现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。
I have been waiting for you for two hours.
我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满)
I have waited for you for two hours.
我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实)
3．现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，而现在完成时强调结果，即动作的完成。
He has written a letter.他写了一封信。(已经写好)
He has been writing a letter.他一直在写一封信。(仍然在写)
4．有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。如：表示状态的动词：be，have，exist等；表示感情的动词：like，love等；表示感觉的动词：see，hear，know等。
He has had a cold for a week.他已经感冒一周了。
I have liked jazz since I was a teenager.从青少年起我就喜欢爵士乐了。
I have known her for a long time.我已经认识她很长时间了。
5．与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时；但与“次数”连用时只能用现在完成时，不能用现在完成进行时。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．You’ve been saying you can succeed for five years，but your work isn’t progressing steadily.
五年来你一直在说你能成功，但是你的工作并没有稳步前进。
2．I have been visiting some museums of this city at my leisure this month.
这个月我闲暇时一直在参观这个城市的几个博物馆。
3．The geologist looks thin and tired.He has been working too hard recently.
这位地质学家看起来又瘦又累，他近来工作很辛苦。
4．I have been reading this novel related to cybercrime for two hours，but I haven’t finished it.
这本与网络犯罪有关的小说，我已经读了两小时了，但我还没读完。
5．The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level ever since.(2020·天津)
在20世纪90年代早期，医学院的数量达到了18所，并且从那时起一直保持在这个数量左右。
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
Since the winter holidays two years ago，we 1.have been studying(study) hard for the college entrance exam.Two English books 2.have been finished(finish) and more than 600 words 3.have been memorized(memorize)．We 4.have been looking(look) forward to entering a key university.We 5.have made(make) adequate preparations.The day we 6.have been expecting(expect) is approaching.How I wish to be admitted to my dream university!
训练5　Using language(A)
分值：52分
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(共8题；每小题1.5分，共12分)
1．Since then，scientists have been experimenting(experiment) with the DNA of the plant to create one that will reduce air pollution.
2．It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended(attend) since I came to this school.
3．The police have been keeping(keep) track of the underground organization for two years.
4．Careful people may notice that this city’s unemployment rate has been rising(rise) in recent years.
5．In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing(do) all they can over the past five hours.
6．So many great changes have taken(take) place in my hometown that it is totally beyond recognition.
7．The two friends have been chatting(chat) on the Internet for three hours，and they will go on till next morning.
8．We have been advertising(advertise) in all the local papers for a nurse，but with no result to date.
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5题；每小题3分，共15分)
1．你的衣服满是灰尘，我想你刚才一直在打扫教室吧。
Your clothes are covered with dust.You have been cleaning the classroom just now，I think.
2．我发现最近你一直在丢东西。
I find that you have been losing things all the time in recent time.
3．我最近一直从报纸上看有关招聘的信息。
I have been reading the information about recruitment from the newspaper recently.
4．因为已经采取了许多有效措施，环境已经被极大地改善了。
Because many effective measures have been taken，the environment has been improved a lot.
5．这个小男孩从头到脚都很脏，因为他整个早上都一直在泥巴里玩。
The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he has been playing in the mud all the morning.
Ⅲ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
The Notre Dame(巴黎圣母院) fire has been put out，but its roof has been largely damaged.The terrible accident causes a sudden sharp pain to people around the world.What a pity that we can’t see the damaged parts of the wonder anymore.
But the good news is that there is at least one way of seeing them，namely via a video game called Assassin’s Creed: Unity.In this game，the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality，and see Notre Dame as it was before.In addition，with VR technology，one can even look around the undamaged Notre Dame as if it is still there.Maybe digital technology could help better protect architectural cultural heritage(遗产)．
The idea of digitizing ancient buildings dates back to the 1990s and the technology has continued to advance since then.By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers，building 3D models with hundreds of images，as well as measuring everything precisely，engineers can make a copy as “same” as the real one.
As computers and smartphones are popular，the digital copy has great practical value.First，it allows tourists to feel the cultural relics(遗迹) without touching them，which helps protect them.The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them.In 2000，a virtual tour of the Great Wall became very popular at the Hannover World Expo.Above all，it preserves all the information of the cultural relics.Even if the original ones are damaged one day，people can still know what they were like and can build a replica(复制品) if desired.
Time is the biggest problem to architectural heritage.We will have better technologies，but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.
1．What can we learn from the passage
A．The original look of Notre Dame can be seen with the video game.
B．The damaged parts of Notre Dame have been repaired.
C．Only people in Paris felt pain for losing Notre Dame.
D．The big fire has damaged the whole Notre Dame.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In this game，the player can travel to one city after another and enter the buildings exactly like what they are in reality，and see Notre Dame as it was before.”可知，在该游戏中，玩游戏的人可以看到大火之前巴黎圣母院的外观。故选A。
2．What will engineers do to create a digital replica of the ancient buildings
A．Scan the photos of the buildings.
B．Measure all the parts exactly.
C．Improve the technology needed.
D．Build 3D models of full size.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“By scanning the ancient buildings with lasers，building 3D models with hundreds of images，as well as measuring everything precisely，engineers can make a copy as ‘same’ as the real one.”可知，通过用激光扫描古代建筑、用数百张图像建立三维模型，并精确测量每样东西，工程师们可以做出一个与真实建筑“一样”的复制品。故选B。
3．How does the author prove the digital copy has vital practical importance
A．By comparison. B．By listing data.
C．By giving examples. D．By classification.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The virtual tour of Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu Province is a good example as tourists can view the paintings without standing near them...” 可知，作者以敦煌石窟、长城的虚拟之旅为例，证明了数字拷贝具有至关重要的现实意义。故选C。
4．What’s the passage mainly about
A．The value of digital replica.
B．The damage of Notre Dame.
C．Repairing the natural heritage with VR technology.
D．An alternative measure to protect architectural cultural heritage.
答案　D
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段中的 “...but the digital technology offers a practical way to preserve architectural cultural heritage at the moment.”可知，本文主要讲述了运用数字技术来保护建筑文化遗产。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空(共10题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
Makeover(翻新) for Hong Kong Parks
In the past several months，small parks in Hong Kong 1. (give) a colorful makeover by a charity called Design Trust.One now has strawberry-colored seats and tables，and a pink floor where people can relax 2. (them) and play board games in bright surroundings.
As well as its city areas，Hong Kong 3. (have) more than 200 islands with mountains and nature reserves.There are around 500 pocket parks in Hong Kong，some of 4._______________ are sometimes as small as half 5. tennis court.They are often squeezed in between skyscrapers or tucked(塞进) under bridges.
Hong Kong’s urban areas are 6. (incredible) crowded，meaning there are lots of people living in very small areas and there is little room for big parks.7. this sense，the pocket parks are important places for them to spend time outside playing games like chess and mahjong and 8. (meet) friends.
Until recently most pocket parks looked the same，with concrete tiles(地砖) and plain 9.____________(bench)．The Design Trust worked with communities to make the space much 10.________________(colorful)．The project has been so successful that the Hong Kong government has said it will rebuild 170 more parks and playgrounds in the next five years.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过去的几个月里，香港的小公园被一个名为“设计信托”的慈善机构进行了丰富多彩的改造。
1．答案　have been given
解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，复数主语small parks与谓语构成被动关系，结合时间状语“In the past several months”可知，空处为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用have。故填have been given。
2．答案　themselves
解析　考查代词。由句意可知，此处表示“他们自己”，应用反身代词。故填themselves。
3．答案　has
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为Hong Kong，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
4．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句。此处为“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词500 pocket parks，指物，应用which。
5．答案　a
解析　考查冠词。court为可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰，且tennis的首字母发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
6．答案　incredibly
解析　考查副词。修饰形容词crowded，应用副词作状语。故填incredibly。
7．答案　In
解析　考查介词。固定短语in this sense表示“从这种意义上来说”，句首单词首字母要大写。故填In。
8．答案　meeting
解析　考查非谓语动词。固定短语spend time (in) doing sth表示“花费时间做某事”。故填meeting。
9．答案　benches
解析　考查名词复数。bench“长椅”为可数名词，前面没有限定词，应用复数形式。故填benches。
10．答案　more colorful
解析　考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的much以及句意可知，空处应用比较级。故填more colorful。
训练6　Using language(B)
分值：35分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
Hawk Salvage，located in the historic neighborhood on Grand Avenue，is the place to find one-of-a-kind things.The store features a collection of curious things of the past and，most recently，a huge selection of rare and unique houseplants.
Founded by Greg Hawk，who has traveled from coast to coast finding items for his store，Hawk Salvage is like a well-kept history museum.Its walls and display cases were filled with ancient art and historical photos.Even the space is a slice of history—it served as an automotive garage in the 1940s.The front of the shop is home to lots of greenery.
On October 17 from 10 a．m.to 4 p．m.，the store will host its first-ever community plant swap，where plant parents can bring their plants and trade them for new plants.Visitors can learn tips and tricks from other fellow plant lovers and enjoy live music，artist demonstrations，food trucks and more.It will be a plant party for the ages，Hawk says.To take part in the plant swap，guests must bring at least one live and healthy plant to trade for another plant of equal size.
Because his regular picking trips was put on hold，Hawk，who is also interested in gardening，started propagating(繁殖) plants.“I started looking at houseplants and it just opened up this huge can of worms of all the cool things that are out there，and now I find myself with more plants than I want to take care of，” he says.Hosting an event where he could clear away some of his plants while reconnecting the community is a win-win situation，he adds.
Hawk says the event is open to everyone.His advice for new plant fans “Be patient.Buy something simple to start with.Everything dies，so you’re going to kill plants—it’s part of the process，” he says.“I think the biggest tip that I would give is not to be afraid to experiment with your plants.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Greg Hawk是一个植物爱好者，他创立了Hawk Salvage，并准备举办植物交换活动。
1．What can visitors do in the plant swap
A．Trade their plants for others.
B．Get their cars or trucks repaired.
C．Buy some rare and unique things.
D．Draw beautiful pictures on its walls.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“On October 17 from 10 a．m.to 4 p．m.，the store will host its first-ever community plant swap，where plant parents can bring their plants and trade them for new plants.”可知，游客们可以用自己的植物换取其他植物。故选A。
2．What is a requirement for the plant swap
A．Owning a large garden.
B．Bringing some greenery.
C．Having planting experience.
D．Being good at hosting plant parties.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“To take part in the plant swap，guests must bring at least one live and healthy plant to trade for another plant of equal size.”可知，植物交换活动的要求是带来一些绿色植物。故选B。
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Why Hawk ended his regular picking trips.
B．Why Hawk decided to host the plant swap.
C．How Hawk took care of his plants in the past.
D．How Hawk started his journey as a plant-lover.
答案　D
解析　段落大意题。根据第四段中“Because his regular picking trips was put on hold，Hawk...‘I started looking at houseplants and it just opened up this huge can of worms of all the cool things that are out there，and now I find myself with more plants than I want to take care of，’ he says.”可知，第四段主要讲述霍克是如何开始成为植物爱好者的。故选D。
4．What advise does Hawk give to new plant fans
A．They should be careful when planting.
B．They should stay away from houseplants.
C．They should learn by experience.
D．They should turn to experienced planters.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“‘Be patient.Buy something simple to start with.Everything dies，so you’re going to kill plants—it’s part of the process，’ he says.”可知，Hawk建议新植物迷要有耐心，要从经验中学习。故选C。
B
Historical heritage is human beings’ wisdom.Historical relics，however，as time goes by，suffer different degrees of damage.People used to protect cultural relics by manual work—photographing and rubbing(拓印) techniques.Although this method can keep the basic information，many vital details are still ignored.
At present,3D digitalization has been proved to be the most popular technology in the field of cultural heritage.The 3D digital technology can be used for data archiving(存档)，displaying as well as restoration.
3D scanning(扫描) technology features fast measurement speed and accurate capturing(绘制) capacity.It’s good at collecting enough and accurate 3D data from different perspectives，which is beneficial to the restoration of historical relics when they suffer accidental damage.Experts can also virtually restore the heritage through the computer，and finish assistant research by means of accurate 3D models.
For historical relics’ protection，nevertheless,3D scanning isn’t the only way to put it into use.3D printing also contributes to displaying historical relics.It provides people with more chances to get to know historical relics and better understand human beings’ history.
Yecheng Museum unearthed a new collection of cultural relics in April 2019.One of the most urgent issues for archaeologists was data archiving.Invited by Quimbaya Art×Tech，ScanTech conducted 3D scanning immediately on these relics by 3D scanner.This handheld 3D laser scanner was equipped with the world’s leading-edge technologies and brought great convenience for further restoration and research.
To avoid any damage，Yecheng Museum combined with 3D printing technology based on 3D data to reproduce 1：1 3D models of cultural relics for exhibition，which aimed to make more people get close to history and pass on the precious historical heritage.
Many thousand-year cultural treasures have gradually disappeared from our sight due to technical problems.However,3D scanning and 3D printing technologies provide very effective 3D solutions for historical relic display and protection.
5．What do we know about the traditional way of historical heritage protection
A．It is lack of important details.
B．It proves the wisdom of humans.
C．It consumes more time and effort.
D．It restores cultural heritage to its previous condition.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Although this method can keep the basic information，many vital details are still ignored.”可知，传统的历史遗产保护方式缺少重要的细节。故选A。
6．What benefit does 3D scanning technology bring to historical relic protection
A．It restores a damaged historical relic fast on a computer.
B．It accurately evaluates the original look of a historical relic.
C．It automatically enters information on relics into a computer.
D．It contributes to collecting the data of a historical relic efficiently.
答案　D
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“3D scanning(扫描) technology features fast measurement speed and accurate capturing(绘制) capacity.It’s good at collecting enough and accurate 3D data from different perspectives”可知，3D扫描技术有助于高效地收集历史遗产的数据。故选D。
7．Why is Yecheng Museum mentioned in the text
A．To compare the two 3D technologies.
B．To place a high value on historical relics.
C．To appeal to the public for historical museums.
D．To show the application of 3D digitalization in historical relic protection.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段以及第六段“To avoid any damage...pass on the precious historical heritage.”可推知，文章提到邺城博物馆是为了展示3D数字技术在文物保护中的应用。故选D。
8．What does the text mainly talk about
A．Scientific ways of restoring cultural relics.
B．The rapid development of 3D technologics.
C．3D technologies for protecting historical relics.
D．The challenges of 3D historical heritage protection.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了3D扫描和3D打印技术对保护历史文物的作用。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了保护历史遗产的3D技术。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
I opened the door of our campervan(房车)．My two cats，Gatinha and Jon Snow， 1 down the stairs and onto the grass.In the distance，the sea 2 before me and the sun’s rays danced on the surface，creating a(n) 3 display of light and shadow.
A month earlier，Wade,35，and I thought we were ready for our travel in 4 .So we 5 our office jobs to travel around Australia in our truck that we’d transformed into a 6 on wheels.Besides saving for the trip，we’d set up a website to 7 money while we were travelling，along with renting out our home.
Knowing we couldn’t leave our two rescue cats behind，we decided to bring them with us.After doing some 8 ，I discovered that seeing cats on the road is 9 but we didn’t let it stop us.To 10 the cats to their new home，we brought them into the van while we worked.Finally，we were on the way to travel.
For the first few days they 11 the inside of the van，but as days turned to weeks，they gradually grew more 12 .It wasn’t long before they were curiously sniffing the grass. 13 ，neither of the cats have ever walked far and we 14 them to wander freely.
Looking back， 15 the city life to travel around was the best decision we ever made，and our cats make the perfect companions!
语篇解读　本文是记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者和Wade辞职，带着两只猫，开着卡车环游澳大利亚的故事。
1．A.jumped B．bent
C．fell D．stopped
答案　A
解析　由上文“I opened the door of our campervan(房车)．”和下文“down the stairs and onto the grass”可知，作者打开车门，两只猫从车里跳下来，故选A。
2．A.shouted B．stretched
C．folded D．disappeared
答案　B
解析　由上文“In the distance，the sea”可知，大海向远处延伸，故选B。
3．A.heartbreaking B．imaginary
C．breathtaking D．disturbing
答案　C
解析　由上文“the sun’s rays danced on the surface”和下文“display of light and shadow”可知，太阳的光线在海面上跳跃着，形成了一个光影交织的画面，这个画面很美丽，令人惊叹，故选C。
4．A.time B．budget
C．energy D．facility
答案　B
解析　由下文“Besides saving for the trip”和下文“we were travelling，along with renting out our home”可知，作者和Wade节省钱来旅行，由此可知，此处指为旅行做好预算，故选B。
5．A.quit B．ignored
C．took D．changed
答案　A
解析　由下文“our office jobs to travel around Australia in our truck”可知，作者和Wade辞职去环澳大利亚旅行，故选A。
6．A.library B．school
C．hotel D．home
答案　D
解析　由上文“we’d transformed into a”和上文提到作者和Wade辞职去旅行可知，他们开着车去旅行，即将卡车变成了一个家，下文“the cats to their new home”中的home也是提示，故选D。
7．A.make B．save
C．collect D．donate
答案　A
解析　由上文“Besides saving for the trip，we’d set up a website to”可知，除了省钱，作者还建立网站挣钱，故选A。
8．A.practice B．thought
C．discussion D．research
答案　D
解析　由下文“I discovered that seeing cats on the road is ”可知，这是作者在做了一些研究后所发现的，故选D。
9．A.common B．fascinating
C．rare D．natural
答案　C
解析　由下文“but we didn’t let it stop us”可知，but前后是转折关系，虽然带着猫旅行是很少见的，但这并没有打消作者的想法，故选C。
10．A.force B．adapt
C．move D．lead
答案　B
解析　adapt...to是固定搭配，意为“使……适应”。由下文“the cats to their new home，we brought them into the van while we worked”可知，作者在工作的时候把这两只猫带进车里，这是为了让它们适应新家，故选B。
11．A.focused on B．messed up
C．escaped from D．stuck to
答案　D
解析　由上文“For the first few days”和下文“the inside of the van”以及下文提到的慢慢地这两只猫开始去外面可知，刚开始的几天，这两只猫一直待在车里，故选D。
12．A.dependent B．anxious
C．confident D．tolerant
答案　C
解析　由下文“It wasn’t long before they were curiously sniffing the grass.”和上文提到的刚开始这两只猫一直待在车里可知，慢慢地这两只猫变得自信起来，开始走出卡车，故选C。
13．A.Amazingly B．Suddenly
C．Regretfully D．Doubtfully
答案　A
解析　下文“neither of the cats have ever walked far”提到这两只猫从未走远过，结合常识可推知，这令作者很惊讶，故选A。
14．A.ordered B．reminded
C．taught D．trusted
答案　D
解析　上文“neither of the cats have ever walked far”提到这两只猫从未走远过，由此可知作者信任这两只猫，相信它们可以自由漫步而丢不了。故选D。
15．A.exchanging B．choosing
C．abandoning D．experiencing
答案　C
解析　由下文“the city life to travel around”和上文提到的作者和Wade辞职开着卡车环游澳大利亚可知，此处指放弃城市生活去旅行，故选C。Section Ⅴ　Using language(2)—Listening and Speaking
Ⅰ.Listen to the conversation on P87 and choose the best answer.(高考形式)
1．What does Rachel prefer to do
A．To go on an ecotourism holiday.
B．To lie on a beach.
C．To swim and play with rhinos.
答案　A
2．Which activity does Dad like best
A．To hike in the mountains and plant trees.
B．To count rhinos and protect them.
C．To lie on the beach and read a book.
答案　C
3．What can we learn from Rachel
A．She likes wild animals.
B．She wants to help conserve the natural places.
C．She likes to read books and relax herself on holidays.
答案　B
Ⅱ.Listen to the conversation on P87 and fill in the blanks to complete the passage.(精听训练)
(R＝Rachel，D＝Dad)
R：Dad，I’ve been searching online for some information about holidays，as you asked.
D：OK Rachel.So，what’s 1.caught your eye
R：I thought we might go on an ecotourism holiday.The idea is that you go to a natural place and help 2. conserve it.To me，that’s much better than just sitting on a beach.
D：Hmm...I’m not sure about that...
R：Oh，come on，Dad.The fact is that travel does a lot of harm to the environment.Wouldn’t you agree that we should do something 3.positive
D：If you ask me，lying on a beach is doing something positive! OK，where do you want to go
R：Well，there’s a holiday to Nepal.It looks 4.fantastic.You get to hike in the mountains and plant trees.And you get to count rhinos to help protect them.
D：Wait，what There are rhinos in Nepal
R：Yes，Dad! You also eat simple local food，like rice and vegetables.That’s real ecotourism!
D：Rice and vegetables I can eat that at home! And I don’t think hiking up mountains and planting trees are very relaxing.I would say they sound like 5.hard work!
R：Yes，that’s true.OK.Let’s find a 6.compromise so we can both be happy.How about Thailand We can look after elephants and sleep in a treehouse...
D：Look after elephants What would we have to do
R：Well，we would have to feed them 7.three times a day.In the afternoon，you wash the elephants.Oh，and you also have to play with them—you can swim in a river with them or play with baby elephants.Apparently the older elephants can play a kind of football!
D：I 8.admit that sounds rather fun...Rachel，is this holiday near the coast
R：Yes，it is.
D：Then let’s meet in the middle.9.As a compromise，how about we stay nearby in a nice hotel You can do some ecotourism activities while I lie on the beach and read a book.Then we’re both happy.
R：So I can look after elephants OK then，I agree，but we both have to go on a one-day bike tour of the 10.jungle.
D：Fine，it’s a deal.
Ⅲ.Listen to the passage on P89 and choose the best answer.(高考形式)
1．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．Environmental protection.
B．Developing economy.
C．Whether a hotel should be built at White Beach.
答案　C
2．Which is not the local people’s concern about building a hotel at White Beach
A．It may disturb the environment and wildlife.
B．It will provide more job opportunities.
C．It will use up the natural resources.
答案　B
Ⅳ.Listen to the passage on P89 and fill in the blanks to complete it.(精听训练)
As tourism develops，people are becoming increasingly 1.concerned about the environment.Here in our city，there is a 2.heated discussion about whether a hotel should be built at White Beach.The owner of the company thinks the hotel would attract more 3.tourists，which will create opportunities for new businesses and help the local 4.economy.However，the local people worry that building the hotel is not eco-friendly and will 5.disturb the wildlife，in particular the turtles which lay their eggs on White Beach.But they also 6.admit that building the hotel will provide more jobs for people living in the area.Even though the owner of the company 7.guarantees that the design will be in harmony with its beautiful 8.surroundings，the local people are still concerned that the hotel may 9.use up natural resources.Increased tourist numbers will also mean more cars and aeroplanes，which in turn means higher carbon 10.emissions.Section Ⅵ　Developing ideas
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Step 1　速读——整体理解文意
Ⅰ.明文章大意
What’s mainly talked about in the passage
A．The Great Barrier Reef.
B．Job requirements.
C．The applicant Ben Southall.
D．A tourism advertisement.
答案　B
Ⅱ.悉篇章结构
Read the passage quickly and then fill in the blanks.
Step 2　细读——深度获取细节
1．Which is NOT needed to do for an island caretaker of the Great Barrier Reef
A．Exploring the islands of the reef.
B．Calling on people to raise fund for it.
C．Reporting back via blogs，photo diaries and video updates.
D．Promoting the islands through newspapers，magazines and TV interviews.
答案　B
2．What is special about the Great Barrier Reef
A．It is the largest living thing on the planet.
B．It has a history of 25 thousand years.
C．It is made up of dead coral.
D．It can be seen from the moon.
答案　A
3．What problem is the Great Barrier Reef faced with
A．Lack of tourists.
B．Natural disaster.
C．Pollution and climate change.
D．Disappearance of the islands.
答案　C
4．What did Ben mean by saying “not as the ‘best’，but the ‘busiest job in the world’”？
A．He didn’t love the job actually.
B．He thought it was such a busy job.
C．He wanted to advertise for one to replace him.
D．He meant it was not a simple common job.
答案　D
5．What is the most important thing that we can do for the Great Barrier Reef
A．To work and live on the island.
B．To make people know the beauty there and protect it.
C．To advertise to employ more employees.
D．To give Ben more salary to keep him there.
答案　B
Step 3　读后——课文语法填空
Is it the best or the busiest job？The Great Barrier Reef is the largest living thing on the planet,1.located (locate) off the coast of North-east Australia，hosting many species of birds and sea creatures.But it’s now under threat from 2.pollution(pollute) and climate change so someone is needed to watch over it.The job requires you to spend six months 3.living (live) on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef.The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided.Key 4.duties(duty) include exploring the islands of the reef，finding out 5.what the area has to offer and reporting back via weekly blogs，photo diaries and video updates.Thousands of applicants applied 6.for the job.Eventually，the job 7.was offered(offer) to Ben Southall from the UK who did a lot during his time as an island caretaker.
Whether it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event 8.isn’t(be) really important.The most important thing was 9.that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area.What’s more，they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment exists in and what can，and must，be done 10.to protect(protect) the reef.
Ⅰ.补句子　析结构
1．Key duties include exploring(explore) the islands of the reef and finding out what the area has to offer.(P90 Para.1)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；finding out后是 what 引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。
汉语翻译：你的主要职责包括探索大堡礁的各个岛屿，探寻当地的自然资源。
2．Located off the coast of North-east Australia，the Great Barrier Reef is the largest living(live) thing on the planet.(P91 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为简单句；Located off...是过去分词短语作状语。
汉语翻译：大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北部近海处，是地球上最大的生物。
3．More than 25 million years old，the Great Barrier Reef is made up of(由……组成) living coral growing on dead coral.(P91 Para.3)
结构分析：此句为简单句；growing on dead coral是现在分词短语作定语，修饰living coral。
汉语翻译：大堡礁有2 500万年的历史，由生长在死珊瑚上的活珊瑚组成。
4．To get this job，the candidates had to make a short video showing(show) how much they knew about the reef.(P91 Para.4)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；To get this job是不定式作目的状语；how much引导宾语从句。
汉语翻译：要想得到这份工作，应聘者需要拍摄一段短视频，展示自己对大堡礁的了解程度。
5．Whether it was a genuine job offer or an eye-catching marketing event isn’t really important.(P92 Para.6)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；Whether it...event是whether引导的主语从句，即在句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。
汉语翻译：不管这是一个真正的工作机会，还是一场吸引眼球的营销活动，其实都不重要。
6．The most important thing was that people all over the world(全世界的人们) became aware of the beauty(beautiful) of the ocean in the area.(P92 Para.6)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；that引导表语从句。
汉语翻译：最重要的是，全世界都认识到了这片大海的美丽。
7．What’s more，they came to understand the delicate balance that the environment exists in and what can，and must，be done to protect(protect) the reef.(P92 Para.6)
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词balance; what引导宾语从句，作understand的宾语，在从句中作主语。
汉语翻译：而且，人们还意识到环境存在于微妙的平衡之中，也知道了人类能够且必须采取什么行动来保护大堡礁。
Ⅱ.研典句　学用法
not...but...
Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised not as the “best”，but the “busiest job in the world”！(P92 Para.5)
本后来开玩笑说，这份工作不应该被宣传为“最好的”，而应该是“世界上最忙的工作”！
结构分析：此句为主从复合句；that 引导宾语从句，作joked的宾语；句中的should have been advertised是“情态动词＋have done结构”，意为“本该做却没有做”；本句中含有not...but...结构，意为“不是……而是……”。
·not...but...不是……而是……，连接两个平行结构，当连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据but 后的名词决定单复数(就近原则)。
·连接并列主语时，采用就近原则的结构还有...or...；either...or...；neither...nor...；not only...but also...等。
(1)这本词典不是为英语初学者设计的，而是为语言水平较高的人设计的。
This dictionary is not designed for English beginners but for people with higher language proficiency.
(2)不是景色而是当地的人们最吸引我。
It is not the scenery but the local people that are the most attractive to me.
(3)不仅她的父母，而且这个女孩也喜欢大草原。
Not only her parents but also the girl is fond of the grand grassland.
课文重点词块默写
1．主要职责key duties
2．吸引了全世界的兴趣attract interest from all over the world
3．做某事的方法a means to do
4．强调……的重要性highlight the importance of
5．外太空outer space
6．由……组成be made up of
7．是……的宿主be host to
8．受到……的威胁under threat from...
9．做……的最佳人选the best person to do...
10．除……以外(还)in addition to
11．许多，大量a number of
12．支持，赞同in favour of
13．担当……角色；做……工作work as
14．本该做却没有做should have done
15．真正的工作机会a genuine job offer
16．博人眼球的营销活动 an eye-catching marketing event
17．意识到become aware of
18．而且；更重要的是；另外what’s more
训练7　Developing ideas(A)
分值：40分
Ⅰ.单句写作(申请当图书馆读书日志愿者)(共15分)
1．得知市图书馆正在招募志愿者，我写信申请你们在报纸上刊登的职位。(分词作状语；apply；advertise)
Knowing that the city library is recruiting volunteers，I’m writing to apply for the position you have advertised in the newspaper.
2．我认为我是这个职位的最佳人选，理由如下。(the best person to do)
I think I am the best person to do the job for the following reasons.
3．我认为，阅读之所以有趣，不是因为作者在告诉我们什么，而是因为它让我们的思维活跃。(not...but...)
In my opinion，reading is interesting，not because the writer is telling us something，but because it makes our minds active.
4．除此之外，我精力充沛，性格开朗，总是乐于助人。(what’s more)
What’s more，I am energetic and outgoing，and always ready to help others.
5．如果能给我一个在我们图书馆做志愿者的机会，我将不胜感激。(不定式作后置定语)
I would appreciate it if I could be given an opportunity to be a volunteer in our library.
组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。
Knowing that the city library is recruiting volunteers，I’m writing to apply for the position you have advertised in the newspaper.
I think I am the best person to do the job for the following reasons.In my opinion，reading is interesting，not because the writer is telling us something，but because it makes our minds active.What’s more，I am energetic and outgoing，and always ready to help others.
I would appreciate it if I could be given an opportunity to be a volunteer in our library.
Ⅱ.阅读理解(共4题；每小题2.5分，共10分)
The world’s longest cave system is an enormous network of 420 miles of twists and turns，with limestone(石灰岩) falling from the ceilings in drops.
Mammoth Cave National Park preserves this unique and historical natural wonder.As large as the limestone cave system is，park officials，estimate there may be another 600 miles of cave passageways that have yet to be explored.The incredible rock formations have resulted in the park being recognized as a World Heritage Site，thanks to its extraordinary size and scientific importance—making it one of only 13 natural US sites with that title.
The caves were created naturally by the process of limestone wearing away.Rain and rivers slowly break down and shape soft limestone，which creates the vast underground network.Not only are they an amazing destination to visit，but the system also provides drinking water for roughly 40% of the US population，and they’re of historical significance too.
The caves act as a time capsule that preserves over 5,000 years of human history—and the caves’ first explorers were Native Americans，who mined the upper levels of Mammoth Cave.Thanks to the cave system’s atmosphere and natural protection from any kind of human disturbance，the archaeological(考古的) sites have been left in great shape.
Mammoth Cave was established as a national park thanks to strong local support.Back in the 1920s，Secretary of the Interior Hubert Work created the Southern Appalachian National Park Commission in 1925 to survey proposed park sites，including the caves.After years of work acquiring the land for the park，as well as building roads，trails(小径)，and public facilities，Mammoth Cave National Park was established on July 1,1941.The park now receives around 2 million visitors a year，with roughly a quarter taking a tour of the caves—everything from a cultural tour to the more adventurous climbing tours on offer.The cave supports more than 130 wildlife species，such as the eyeless cavefish，which has adapted to the lightless environment by no longer growing eyes，and the cave crayfish.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了猛犸洞国家公园的石灰岩洞穴系统的自然奇观的形成过程、历史和文化意义，以及政府为开发这个国家公园、保护自然奇观所做出的努力。
1．What has made Mammoth Cave National Park a World Heritage Site
A．The wildlife species.
B．The rock formations.
C．The cave passageways.
D．The scientific discovery.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“The incredible rock formations have resulted in the park being recognized as a World Heritage Site，thanks to its extraordinary size and scientific importance—making it one of only 13 natural US sites with that title.”可知，让猛犸洞国家公园成为世界遗产地的是它的岩层结构，故选B。
2．Why are the caves of historical value
A．They are an amazing destination to visit.
B．They were first explored by Native Americans.
C．They provide drinking water for the Americans.
D．They preserve human history of over 5,000 years.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段的“The caves act as a time capsule that preserves over 5,000 years of human history—and the caves’ first explorers were Native Americans，who mined the upper levels of Mammoth Cave.”可知，这些洞穴具有历史价值的原因是它们保存着5 000多年的人类历史，故选D。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．It took a lot of work to establish the park.
B．Local people donated the land for the park.
C．Around 2 million people visit the caves annually.
D．The site of the park was decided by the secretary.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“After years of work acquiring the land...Mammoth Cave National Park was established on July 1,1941.”可以推断，建立这座公园花了大量的工作。故选A。
4．What can be the best title of the passage
A．Taking Cultural and Adventurous Tours
B．Preserving a Unique and Historical Wonder
C．Exploring the World’s Longest Cave System
D．Establishing Mammoth Cave National Park
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，本文主要讲的是世界上最长的洞穴系统的自然奇观的形成过程、历史和文化意义，以及政府为保护它所做出的努力。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分)
Located in Ontario，Canada，the Niagara Falls is the seventh wonder of the world.When I went to tour it，I found there were some truly amazing ways to 1 the waterfall.
One way was to take a 2 to the center of the Niagara Falls.Everyone on board was given a raincoat，which we would need later on.There were huge waves and thick mist(迷雾)，although we were still far away from Niagara Falls.Inside the mist，another boat approached us.As that boat 3 ，we waved hello to the blue-coated 4 .After a while，we were as 5 as possible to the waterfall，which was like a wall in front of the boat.The 6 here was white with huge waves that 7 to knock over the boat.
Another 8 was to go behind the waterfall.This adventure started with everybody walking into a wet and 9 tunnel(隧道) one by one.It was 10 by several lanterns，making us see the tunnel clearly.As the tunnel came to an end，I could see that we had 11 onto a platform at the foot of the waterfall.Here，I had a good 12 of how thick the waterfall was.It was at least one meter 13 .
14 I experienced Niagara Falls，I was shocked by how 15 it was.And I look forward to taking the zip line(滑索) next time to view Niagara Falls from the sky.It will definitely be a wonderful time，too.
1．A.experience B．destroy
C．protect D．establish
答案　A
解析　根据最后一段中的“I experienced Niagara Falls”可知，作者发现有一些真正令人惊叹的方法来“体验”瀑布。故选A。
2．A.photo B．raincoat
C．lantern D．boat
答案　D
解析　根据下文中的“Inside the mist，another boat approached us.”可知，在雾中，另一艘船向作者他们靠近，由此可知，此处指的是“乘船”去尼亚加拉瀑布的中心。故选D。
3．A.ran out B．broke down
C．fell apart D．passed by
答案　D
解析　根据下文中的“we waved hello to the blue-coated ”可知，作者他们向船上的人挥手问好，由此可知，此处指的是那艘船“经过”时。故选D。
4．A.novelists B．passengers
C．employers D．composers
答案　B
解析　根据上文中的“Everyone on board was given a raincoat”可知，船上的每个人都得到了一件雨衣，结合上文中的“As that boat ，we waved hello to the blue-coated”可知，那艘船上的蓝衣服应该都是上船时发的雨衣，所以穿蓝衣服的应该是“乘客”。故选B。
5．A.close B．similar
C．polite D．equal
答案　A
解析　根据下文中的“which was like a wall in front of the boat”可知，瀑布在船前面像一堵墙，由此可知，作者与瀑布是尽可能“近的”。故选A。
6．A.spot B．water
C．color D．mist
答案　B
解析　根据上文中的“we were as as possible to the waterfall，which was like a wall in front of the boat”可知，作者他们接近了瀑布，结合下文中的“here was white with huge waves”可知，巨大的波浪应该与水有关系，所以此处指的是瀑布激起的“水”看起来是白色的。故选B。
7．A.refused B．decided
C．threatened D．hesitated
答案　C
解析　根据上文中的“with huge waves”以及下文中的“to knock over the boat”可知，大瀑布蕴藏巨大的波浪，几乎能把船掀翻，此处threaten表示“有……危险，可能”，符合语境。故选C。
8．A.way B．aim
C．defeat D．fantasy
答案　A
解析　根据上文中的“One way was to take a to the center of the Niagara Falls.”可知，一种方法是乘船去尼亚加拉瀑布的中心，由此可知，此处指的是另一个“方法”是去瀑布后面。故选A。
9．A.effective B．extinct
C．distant D．narrow
答案　D
解析　根据下文中的“one by one”可知，一个接一个走进隧道说明隧道是“狭窄的”。故选D。
10．A.lit B．improved
C．transported D．limited
答案　A
解析　根据下文中的“making us see the tunnel clearly”可知，作者能清楚地看到隧道，由此可知，它被很多盏灯笼“照亮”。故选A。
11．A.held B．rolled
C．arrived D．fallen
答案　C
解析　根据上文中的“As the tunnel came to an end”可知，作者到达隧道的尽头，结合下文中的“onto a platform at the foot of the waterfall”可知，此处指的是作者“来到”平台上。故选C。
12．A.opportunity B．view
C．favour D．habit
答案　B
解析　根据上文中的“As the tunnel came to an end，I could see that we had onto a platform at the foot of the waterfall.”和下文中的“how thick the waterfall was”可知，此处指的是作者在平台上能够更清楚“看”到瀑布有多厚，have a good view of意为“清楚地看到”。故选B。
13．A.long B．thin
C．thick D．high
答案　C
解析　根据上文中的“Here，I had a good of how thick the waterfall was.”可知，作者清楚地看到瀑布有多厚，由此可知，此处指的是至少有一米“厚”。故选C。
14．A.Although B．Unless
C．After D．Before
答案　C
解析　根据下文中的“I experienced Niagara Falls，I was shocked by how it was”可知，作者被瀑布惊到了，由此可知，此处指的是体验了尼亚加拉大瀑布“之后”。故选C。
15．A.extreme B．classic
C．peaceful D．powerful
答案　D
解析　根据上文中的“Located in Ontario，Canada，the Niagara Falls is the seventh wonder of the world.”可知，尼亚加拉瀑布是世界第七大奇迹，结合文中提到的尼亚加拉瀑布巨大的波浪、一米多厚的水流等可知，此处指的是作者被尼亚加拉瀑布的“强大”所震惊。故选D。
训练8　Developing ideas(B)
分值：32.5分
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分)
A
The 97-year-old botanist，Margaret Bradshaw，is the chief caretaker of Teesdale’s rarest flowers.“Everything about Teesdale is unique，” says Bradshaw with pride—and the authority of someone who has just written a 288-page book on the subject.Bradshaw has been recording rare plants here since the early 1950s and has witnessed great decreases.Her data was the first to prove that—and the need to do something about it.
The main reason for the decrease of these plants is an unusual one.The number of sheep in Teesdale had been reduced by half by 2000，as the uplands were generally believed there were too many sheep.Bradshaw says while sheep are hunted in some upland areas，reducing herding in Teesdale has been destructive.Longer grass overshadows the delicate(娇嫩的) flowers，taking away the light they need to grow.As a result of her findings and her work with farmers who herd the land—as well as Natural England，which manages it—sheep numbers are increasing and the timing of herding is being carefully managed.This has led to the partial recovery of some plants.
At 93，she set up Teesdale Special Flora Research and Conservation Trust to record rare plants.A keen horse rider，at 95，she did a 55-mile horse journey across Teesdale，raising almost $ 10,000 for the Trust.When asked about the secret to longevity，“Just keep going，” she says.“Keep at it.Don’t sit down and just watch TV.”
“I recognise I’m getting older and I’ve been trying to get more people to take over and do the records.They don’t believe I won’t be here forever，” Bradshaw says.Despite Bradshaw’s guardianship of this land，and the love and energy she has put into saving it，the future here is unknown.The last words of her book speak to this endless loss.“This is our heritage，this unique plant species，mine and yours，” she writes.“In spite of trying，I have failed to prevent its decrease，now it is up to you.”
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了97岁的植物学家玛格丽特·布拉德肖 Margaret Bradshaw 是提斯代尔最稀有花卉的主要看护人，她希望让更多的人接力保护这一自然遗产。
1．What is Margaret Bradshaw’s main work with the rare plants
A．Writing a book.
B．Preventing their decrease.
C．Collecting their data.
D．Directing farmers to grow plants.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bradshaw has been recording rare plants here since the early 1950s and has witnessed great decreases.Her data was the first to prove that—and the need to do something about it.”可知，布拉德肖关于珍稀植物的主要工作是收集它们的数据。故选C。
2．What contributed to the reduction of rare plants in Teesdale
A．Not enough sheep. B．Lack of fund.
C．Poor management. D．Too many sheep.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“The main reason for the decrease of these plants is an unusual one.The number of sheep in Teesdale had been reduced...Longer grass overshadows the delicate(娇嫩的) flowers，taking away the light they need to grow.”可推知，没有足够的羊吃草导致了提斯代尔稀有植物的减少。故选A。
3．What can we learn from Bradshaw’s words in the last paragraph
A．Unity brings strength.
B．Many hands make light work.
C．Youthful at heart，regardless of age.
D．Advance what the forerunners began.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和最后一句可推知，布拉德肖希望更多人参与记录和保护工作，推进先行者开创的事业。故选D。
4．Which might be a suitable title for the text
A．Teesdale：Home to Rare Plants
B．Battling for Teesdale’s Wildflowers
C．Bradshaw：A 97-Year-Old Gardener
D．Exploring Teesdale’s Unique Plants
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。通读文章，尤其根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章主要讲的是玛格丽特·布拉德肖为守护提斯代尔的最稀有花卉所作的努力以及她希望更多人参与这一事业的呼吁。故B选项“为提斯代尔的稀有花卉而奋斗”适合作文章标题。故选B。
B
The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing.This is problematic，as at least 700 species of sea animals—including sharks，whales，seabirds and turtles—can be trapped in the stuff or mistake it for a tasty snack.While we know that some species seem to eat plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food source，less research has been carried out into what sea plastic smells like to sea animals.
But now，a study from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has found that the coating of algae(海藻) and microbes(微生物) that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the smell of food.
The researchers took 15 healthy turtles，each around five months old and placed them in a laboratory aquarium(水族箱)．They then piped in the smells of clean water，clean plastic，turtle food，and plastic that had been down in the sea environment for five weeks.The turtles showed no reaction to the smell of clean water or clean plastic.But when they were exposed to the smells of ocean plastic or turtle food，they exhibited hunting behaviour—like sticking their noses out of the water and showing increased activity.
“This finding is important because it’s the first demonstration that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them，” said Dr Kenneth J．Lohmann，who took part in the study.
It’s common to find the sea turtles with their digestive systems fully or partially blocked because they’ve eaten plastic materials.There also are increasing reports of sea turtles that have been ill and stranded on the beach due to their swallow of plastic.
“Once these plastics are in the ocean we don’t have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food，” said Lohmann.“The best thing we can do is to keep plastic from getting into the ocean at all.”
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了海洋动物吃海洋塑料的原因、不良后果以及应对办法。
5．What does the new research mainly focus on
A．What has caused the sea plastic pollution.
B．What sea plastic smells like to sea animals.
C．How dangerous the sea environment is.
D．How dangerous the sea plastic pollution is.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。由第一段中“While we know...less research has been carried out into what sea plastic smells like to sea animals.”和第二段内容可知，新的研究主要关注海洋塑料对海洋动物来说是什么味道。故选B。
6．What can we infer from the experiment
A．The turtles of 5 months old are the most healthy ones.
B．The turtles prefer dirty environments to clean ones.
C．The clean plastic has no certain smell to attract turtles.
D．The clean plastic is more dangerous than the ocean plastic.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。由第三段中“The turtles showed no reaction to the smell of clean water or clean plastic.”可推知，干净的塑料没有能吸引海龟的气味。故选C。
7．Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word in paragraph 5
A．Trapped. B．Rescued.
C．Harmed. D．Treated.
答案　A
解析　词义猜测题。由第五段中画线词所在句的句意可推知，关于海龟因为吞下塑料生病、被困在沙滩上的报道也越来越多。结合选项可知，选项A符合题意。故选A。
8．What is the title of the passage
A．Sea Turtles and Sea Environment
B．Sea Turtles and Their Enemies
C．Sea Turtles and Sea Food Chain
D．Sea Turtles and Sea Plastics
答案　D
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第二段内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究结果，海洋塑料对海龟来说有着食物的味道，这会导致误食，所以D项“海龟和海洋塑料”适合作为标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分)
Men and the Art of Listening
The world today is moving at a so high pace that we rarely stop to listen to each other.We’ve all been in conversations with someone who we felt wasn’t listening.They may keep looking at their watch or at other people around them.They nod and say yes—but we feel like a stranger talking to a wall. 1 It’s even more of an issue for us as men when it comes to how we relate to one another.
To listen is to love.
Allowing someone to open up and share their life with us communicates the simple truth: you matter and I care about your life. 2 Being humble listeners does not mean that our opinions or advice aren’t valuable.But it does mean that regularly demonstrating the simple art of listening is part of doing everything in love.
　3　
When we are with someone who is processing something difficult，to listen with compassion can often look like listening without feeling pressed to solve or advise.It comforts the one who is talking in a silent way.Women tend to be better at this form of listening.They can talk for hours and not necessarily be focused on sharing information. 4
To listen is to be needed deep down.
5 It may look like getting something off your chest or saying what you really think without fear of judgment or remarks.But we need friends we can complain to and confide in.And we need to be that friend to others，offering a compassionate，reliable ear.
A．Listen with compassion.
B．To listen，therefore，is to love another.
C．To listen is to support some else quietly.
D．Instead，they are letting out everything in mind.
E．Listening is a skill badly missing in today’s world.
F．We need to be able to talk freely with a friend and know we’ve been heard.
G．We depend on it that someone may lend a hand if we are really in desperate trouble.
1．答案　E
解析　上文“The world today is moving at a so high pace...but we feel like a stranger talking to a wall.”举例说明了人们在交流中存在的问题，E项是对这些问题的总结，点明倾听能力的缺失是我们面临的主要问题，上下文语意连贯。故选E。
2．答案　B
解析　根据小标题“To listen is to love.”和上文“Allowing someone to open up and share their life with us communicates the simple truth: you matter and I care about your life.”可知，本段主要讲倾听是爱的表现，B项与上文构成因果关系，并照应本段主题。故选B。
3．答案　C
解析　设空处为段落小标题，根据下文“When we are with someone who is processing something difficult...It comforts the one who is talking in a silent way.”可知，本段说明了倾听是以一种安静的方式对讲话者的安慰与支持，所以C项是对本段内容的最佳概括。故选C。
4．答案　D
解析　上文“Women tend to be better at this form of listening.They can talk for hours and not necessarily be focused on sharing information.”提到女性可以聊几个小时，而且不一定是在分享信息，D项揭示了这种闲聊的意义，与上文构成转折关系。故选D。
5．答案　F
解析　根据下文“It may look like getting something off your chest or saying what you really think without fear of judgment or remarks.”可知，上文提到了一种自由表达的情况，F项中“be able to talk freely”即It的指代对象，且F项和下文意义一致。故选F。Section Ⅶ　Writing
本单元的写作任务是写一篇招聘广告。
一、格式
招聘广告属于应用文范畴，常分三段来写作。
二、时态和人称
时态以一般现在时为主，人称一般以第二人称和第三人称为主。
三、写正文时应注意的问题
1．开头段：开门见山，明确具体职位和工作职责。
2．主体段：申请者需要具备的条件。
3．结尾段：表达招聘意愿，明确招聘安排。
开头段：
1．Our school has an exciting opportunity for...to do...我们学校有一个令人兴奋的机会让……做……
2．An English announcer is needed to...急需一个英文广播员……
3．Our school newspaper is looking for...我们的校报正在招聘……
主体段：
1．We show favour to/have a preference for those who...我们更喜欢那些……
2．You should possess a bachelor’s/master’s/doctor’s degree in...你应该拥有……方面的学士/硕士/博士学位。
3．Fluent English in both written and spoken communication is necessary.流利的英语书面和口头交流是必要的。
4．Preference will be given to...……拥有优先权。
5．It’s necessary for...to be good at...对……来说，擅长……是必要的。
6．The main responsibilities of the position include/are...该职位的主要职责包括……
7．We offer free accommodation and a seven -day paid leave.我们提供免费住宿和一周的带薪休假。
结尾段：
1．For more information，you can contact us via the phone number...
想了解更多信息，你可以通过……电话号码与我们联系。
2．If you are interested，don’t hesitate to contact us by sending your email to...or just call us at...
如果你感兴趣，请随时通过发送电子邮件或电话与我们联系。
3．If you are interested in the position，please email us before...如果你对这个职位感兴趣，请在……前发电子邮件给我们。
4．We are always here honestly looking forward to your coming.我们一直在这里真诚地期待你的到来。
假如你是校报负责人，急需在学校内聘请一位同学担任英文版的编辑，请你用英文以“An English Editor Wanted”为题目写一则招聘广告。内容要点如下：
1．主要工作职责：一是从英文报纸和杂志上选择适合学生的文章；二是选择同学们的来稿。
2．希望该同学满足下列要求：
(1)乐意在闲暇时为同学们服务；
(2)英文擅长者优先，能熟练使用电脑。
注意：不要逐字翻译，内容充实，行文连贯。
第一步　审题谋篇
审题
写作要求是写一则招聘广告。写作时应注意下面几点：
1．确定文体：这是一则招聘广告，写作中应注意招聘广告的常规格式。
2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。
3．主体人称：由于是写招聘广告，所以常以第二、三人称为主。
谋篇
第一段：介绍所要招聘的职位和工作职责；
第二段：详细介绍申请者需要具备的条件；
第三段：表达招聘意愿，说明联系方式。
第二步　遣词造句
核心词汇
1．招聘编辑look for an editor
2．主要职责key duties
3．挑选出pick out
4．满足以下要求meet the following requirements
5．空闲时at one’s leisure
6．此外 what’s more/in addition
7．给予……优先权give preference to...
8．有做某事的资质have the qualification to do sth
连词成句
1．我们的校报正在为其英文版本招聘一名编辑。(look for)
Our school newspaper is looking for an editor for its English edition.
2．另一项工作是选出我们学校的学生写的文章。(pick out)
The other is to pick out articles from those which/that are written by students in our school.
3．他/她愿意在空闲时为他人服务。
He/She is willing to serve others when he/she is free.
4．英文擅长者优先。(preference)
We will give preference to those good at English.
5．更重要的是，熟练使用计算机的能力很重要。
What’s more，the ability to use the computer skilfully is important.
6．我们希望你有做好这个工作的资质。(qualification)
We hope that you have the qualification to do the job well.
第三步　句式升级
1．用非谓语动词改写句2。
The other is to pick out articles from those written by students in our school.
2．用leisure短语改写句3。
He/She is willing to serve others at his/her leisure.
3．用定语从句改写句4。
We will give preference to those who are good at English.
第四步　组句成篇
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
An English Editor Wanted
Our school newspaper is looking for an editor for its English edition.The key duties mainly include two parts.One is to choose proper articles from English newspapers and magazines for us students.The other is to pick out articles from those written by students in our school.
We hope that he/she could meet the following requirements：First，he/she is willing to serve others at his/her leisure.Second，we will give preference to those who are good at English.What’s more，the ability to use the computer skilfully is important.
We hope that you have the qualification to do the job well.Those who are interested in the job can get in touch with the Students’ Council this week.

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