资源简介 / 让教学更有效 高效备课 | 英语学科小学语法资料7表示地点的介词表示地点(包括动向)的介词① at, in, on, toat 表示在小地方:I arrive at school at nine every morning.我每天早上九点到校。表示“在……附近,旁边”The Smiths are at the beach.史密斯一家在沙滩上。in表示在大地方:When did you arrive in Beljing?你什么时候到北京的?表示“在……范围之内”:The penclis in the pencl-box.铅笔在铅笔盒里。on表示毗邻,接壤,“在………上面”Mongolia is on the north of China.蒙古在中国的北面。表示在某物体上面并与之接触:He put his watch on the table.他把手表放桌上。 to表示“在……范围外”不强调是否接壤:或“到……”:Japan is to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。②above, overabove指“在……上方”,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对:The bird is flying above my head.鸟儿在我头顶上飞过。over指垂直的上方,与under相对,over有覆盖的含义在里面:There is a bridge over the river. 江上有座桥。③below, underunder表示“在……正下方”:There is a cat under the table.桌子下面有只猫。below表示“在……下方”,不一定在正下方:Please write your name below the line.请在线的下方写上您的名字。④in front of, in the front ofin front of“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括:其反义词是behind(在……的后面):There are some flowers in front of the house.房子前面有些花卉。In the front of“在……的前部,即甲物在乙物的内部,反义词是at the back of.(在……范围内的后部):There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 ⑤beside, behind,nearbeside表示“在……旁边”:Tom sits beside Ben.汤姆坐在本的旁边。 behind表示“在……后面”:The fountain is behind the hill.喷泉在假山后面。 near表示“在……附近”(范围比较广):Don't stand near the lake,children.孩子们,不要站在河边。Near my home,there is a supermarket.在我家附近有一家超市。 ⑥between, amongBetween(指时间、空间、顺序等)在……之间(两者之间):They planted a lot of trees between the two buldings.他们在两座建筑物之间栽了许多树。 These books were written between 1736 and 1770.这些书写于1736年至1770年之间。(指数量、距离、程度等)介于……之间(两者之间)He is a man between sixty and seventy. 他的年龄约在 6O 到70之间。 连接着………;来往于……之间(两者之间):There is a path between the house and the road.有条小路将房子与出路连接起来。among(表示位置)处在……中,为……所环绕,为……所环抱:He was sitig among a group of chidren, telling them a story.他正坐在一群孩子中间讲故事。 (表示范围)在……之内,在…一类之中,是……中之一,在……群中:She is the tallest among her classmates. 她在她同学之中是最高的。*学习小贴士between作为介词使用时往往会和and一起出现,如果没有出现,则后面的名词必须为复数形式,例:★ The table is between the tree and the bench.桌子在树和长凳的中间。★ The table is between the trees. 桌子在树的中间。地点(动向)介词往往也会搭配一些动词,以动词词组的方式出现在句中。⑦up/down(含义相反)The car is running up the hill.汽车正向山上开来。The car is running down the hill.汽车正向山下开去。⑧on/of(含义相反)We get on the train at nine and get off the train at five.我们九点上火车,五点下火车。⑨through/across(含义相近)Go straignt through that door,please.请从那道门直穿过去。We drove through the tunnel.我们开车穿过了隧道。You must not run across the road. 你不要跑过马路。A bridge was laid across the river.一座桥横架河上。*学习小贴士across和through 都有“穿过,通过”的意思。但 across 往往指的是在物体的表面通过,而 through指的是从物体的中间通过。⑩along/by(含义相近)She walked along the path.她沿着小路走去。I looked along the length of the building.我的视线掠过整幢大楼。He walked by me without speaking. 他从我身边走过,什么也没说。My brother goes by the building every day.我哥哥每天经过这幢大楼。*学习小贴士along和 by虽都有“在边上”的意思,但两者在空间上略有不同。along 更强调“沿着”,有一种延伸感;而 by 可以包括附近的地带。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备课 | 英语学科小学语法资料8一些常见的的介词及其用法小学阶段的一些常见的介词及其用法①of a. (属于)….的 He is a friend of mine.他是我的一个朋友。b.由....组成(或构成)This is a cake of sugar. 这是一块糖做的蛋糕。c.含有(或装有)…. 的 A packet of biscuits please.请给我一包饼干。d.表示数量或种类 The tiger eats ten kilos of meat every day.老虎每天要吃十公斤肉。e.由于、因为 She died of illness. 她是病死的。of的一些重要词组* because of He left because of his fail.他因失败而离开。* be afraid of I am afraid of spiders. 我害怕蜘蛛。* a lot of There is a lot of sunshine. 阳光很好。* all kinds of There are all kinds of fruits in the basket. 篮子里有各种水果。②fora.表示“当作、作为" I like some bread and milk for breakfast.我早餐喜欢吃面包和牛奶。What will we have for supper? 我们晚餐吃什么?b.表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。Thank you for your last letter. 谢谢你上次的来信。Thank you for teaching us so well. 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。c.表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给…”、“对…. (而言)"Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。Here's some water for you. 这是给你的水。Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟对你的健康不利。d.表示时间、距离,意为"计、达"l usually do the running for an hour in the morning. 我早晨通常跑步一小时。We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。e.表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等Let's go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。I came here for my schoolbag. 我来这儿取书包。I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary. 我这本字典花了20元。f.表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于…..的”It's time for school. 到上学的时间了。Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。g.表示"支持、赞成”Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?h.用于一些固定搭配中* wait for 等待 Who are you waiting for?你在等谁?* for example 举个例子 For example Mr. Green is a kind teacher.比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。* famous for 因....而著名 Suzhou is famous for its old buildings.苏州因它的一些古老的建筑而闻名。* late for 迟到 Don't be late for school,again.上学不要再迟到了。* ready for 为….准备 Are you ready for the class? 你们准备好上课了吗?③froma.表示从....来 I come from Canada. 我来自加拿大。b.表示分离,作“分开”“分离” “隔开” “离开” 解。The apple fell from the tree. 苹果从树上掉下来了。c.表示“禁止” “戒除”等含义 He is safe from danger. 他脱离危险了。d.表示“不在” “缺席”等。She was absent from the class yesterday.她昨天没有上课。e.常用词组* far away fromThe factory is far away from his flat. 工厂离他所住的公寓很远。* be different fromWe should be different from others sometimes. 有时我们应该与别人有所不同。* from now onFrom now on, we will work harder. 从现在起,我们要更努力工作。* hear fromHow often do you hear from your parents? 你多久收到你父母的信一次?④toa.表示有某种从属关系Have you got the answer to the question? 你知道问题的答案了吗?b.表示目的,结果Thank you for your coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。C.表示给,向Give some sweets to the children, please. 请给孩子们一些糖果。d.常用词组* close to 靠近 The ship kept close to the coast. 那条船靠近海岸航行。* next to 相邻 Ben sits next to Mary. 本坐在玛丽旁边。* look forward to 盼望 We look forward to hearing from you.我们期盼你的来信。*be able to 能够 He is able to lift the stone. 他可以举起石头。*lead to 通向 Will the new road lead to the church? 新修的路会通向教堂吗?⑤about附近;周围;各处There were a lot of flowers about the house. 房子周围有许多花。We walked about the town.我们在城里到处走动。b.关于:有关The story is about giants.这是关于巨人们的故事。What's he talking about? 他在说什么?c.大约He left there about ten o'clock.他大约在十点钟离开了那里。d.常用词组* talk about 谈论,讨论 Are you talking about me?你们在谈论我吗?* look about 环顾四周 The man kept looking about.这个人不停地环顾四周。* think about 思考,考虑 Please think about it carefully.请仔细地思考一下。* bring about 带来,导致This will bring about profound impacts.这将带来深刻影响。* what/how about ... 怎么样 What about your opinion?你的观点是什么?21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)/ 让教学更有效 高效备课 | 英语学科小学语法资料9什么是连词?连词,是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起链接词与词、短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词 并列连词根据词的作用又可细分为:并列、转折、选择、因果等连词。表示并列1)and Let's sit down and have a rest. 让我们坐下休息一会儿。2)neither…nor She could neither speak the language nor write it.这种语言她既不会说,也不会写。both…and A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。4)not only…but also We should not only be bold,but also be cautious.我们不仅要大胆,而且要谨慎。5)as well as I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays.我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。2.表示选择的并列连词1)or You may do it yourself,or ask someone else to do it.你可以自己做或者让别人做。2)either…or I left it either on the table or in the drawer.我不是把它放在桌子上了,就是放在抽屉里了。3.表示转折或对比的并列连词1)but He tried hard but he was unsuccessful.他做了很大的努力但没有成功。2)yet The car was old,yet it was in excellent condition.这辆车子很旧,但仍处于良好的状态。3)however She felt ill. She went to work,however,and tried concentrate.她生病了。然而她照旧去上班,并且尽力集中精神工作。4)neverthelessI don't know anything against that man;nevertheless I don't trust him.我对那个人没有什么不良的看法,但我不能信赖他。4.表示因果关系的并列连词1)for You'd better put on your sweater,for it's rather cold outside.你最好把毛衣穿上,外边相当冷。2)so My sister is waiting for me,so I must go now.姐姐在等我,因此我得走了。3)therefore You are right,therefore we should support you.你是对的,所以我们应当支持你。4)hence I fell off my bike yesterday-hence the bruises.我昨天骑自行车摔倒了了——所以青一块、 紫一块的。21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 小学语法资料7 表示地点的介词.docx 小学语法资料8 一些常见的介词短语.docx 小学语法资料9 连词(并列连词).docx