资源简介

Period Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Part 1　Reading Comprehension——通文本
StepⅠ　Read for the main idea
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1　A.The rescue work.
Para.2　B.The revival of the city.
Para.3　C.Warning signs before the earthquake.
Para.4　D.The happening of the big earthquake.
Para.5　E.The bad effects of the earthquake.
答案　Para.1 C　Para.2 D　Para.3 E　Para.4 A　Para.5 B
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
(Ⅰ)Read Part 1(Para.1) carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Find out some of the strange things happening before the earthquake
(1)The water rose and fell；Deep cracks appeared in the well walls.Smelly gas came out of one well.
(2)Animals behaved strangely：Chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat and dogs refused to go inside buildings；Mice ran out looking for places to hide；Fish jumped out of the water.
(3)Bright lights were seen in the sky and loud noises were heard.
2.How do you understand the last sentence in this paragraph
It shows that people in Tangshan didn’t notice/were unaware/ignorant of those strange things and didn’t make preparations before the disaster.
(Ⅱ)Read Part 2(Paras.2&3) carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Why did the writer use so many numbers in the text
(1)To show the earthquake was very serious and it caused a lot of damage to people and the city.
(2)To make the text more accurate and convincing.
2.What rhetorical device(修辞手法) does the author use in the following sentences
A.metaphor(暗喻) B.repetition(重复)
C.parallelism(排比) D.personification(拟人)
E.exaggeration(夸张) F.simile(明喻)
(1)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！ E
(2)Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves... F
(Ⅲ)Read Part 3(Paras.4&5) carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What does the writer mean by “Slowly，the city began to breathe again.”？
The writer means that the city began to function/come to life again，because the earthquake had stopped people and supplies moving about，and so it was like the city couldn’t breathe.
2.How was Tangshan able to revive itself
With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
(Ⅰ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.In what order did the writer write the text
A.In order of importance.
B.In order of place.
C.In order of time.
D.In order of position.
2.The second and third paragraphs are mainly about .
A.the great loss the earthquake brought to Tangshan
B.the number of people who were killed or injured
C.when and where the earthquake happened
D.the cause of the big earthquake in Tangshan
3.What does the last sentence “Slowly，the city began to breathe again.” in the last but one paragraph mean
A.People who were trapped came to life.
B.The trees turned green.
C.The animals began to breathe.
D.The city returned to normal gradually.
答案　1.C　2.A　3.D
(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully again and fill in the blanks.
Before the earthquake Many ①strange things happened.The water in the wells rose and fell.Deep ②cracks appeared in the well walls.Bright lights were seen in the sky...
When the earthquake happened Everything began to ③shake.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！The earthquake caused many deaths or injuries.A large city lay in ④ruins.
The great damage Everywhere survivors looked，there was ⑤nothing but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was ⑥destroyed.
After the earthquake Help came soon to dig out the people ⑦trapped and bury the dead.Slowly，the city began to ⑧breathe again.
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.Compared with Tangshan Earthquake，why did fewer people die in Wenchuan Earthquake (Creative thinking)
Because it broke out in the afternoon and most people were working at that time.
2.What spirit can we learn from the two big earthquakes？(Critical thinking)
When we are in times of disaster，we must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
Step Ⅴ　Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，as if引导表语从句，意思是“似乎；好像”，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。
尝试翻译：仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，who引导定语从句，是关系代词，指代前面的people，在从句中作主语；The number of 表示“……的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
尝试翻译：在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
3.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，who引导定语从句，是关系代词，指代前面的those，指人，在句中作主语；dig out的意思是“挖掘，挖出”；the dead表示“一类人”，指“死者”。
尝试翻译：地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，whose引导定语从句，是关系代词，指人，和homes是所属关系，在从句中作定语。
尝试翻译：工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
5.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，that 引导宾语从句，作前面动词proved的宾语，可省略。
尝试翻译：唐山向中国、向世界证明，在灾难时期，人民必须勠力同心，保持乐观的心态和重建更光明的未来的决心。
Step Ⅵ　Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Several days before July 28，1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan.But people in the city, 1.who were asleep as usual that night, didn’t think much of these.At 3：42 am，one of the most 2.deadly (dead)earthquakes of the 20th century broke out.In less than one minute, Tangshan 3.lay (lie) in ruins.The number of people who were killed or 4.terribly (terrible) injured in the quake 5.was (be) more than 400，000.Water, food, and electricity were hard 6.to get (get).But all the hope wasn’t lost.Soon after the quakes, soldiers 7.were organised (organise)to dig out the trapped and bury the dead.Many more people, including workers，doctors and nurses, came to provide help.Through all the 8.efforts (effort), the city began to breathe again.Today, 9.a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved 10.to the entire world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
Part 2　Language Points——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.come to their rescue 营救他们
2.do damage to his health 损害他的健康
3.destroy our hopes 摧毁我们的希望
4.ruin our trip 毁了我们的旅行
5.be trapped in the ruins 被困在废墟中
6.make greater efforts 尽更大的努力
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.disaster n.灾难；灾害
2.drought n.旱灾；久旱
3.slide vi.&vt.(slid，slid)(使)滑行；滑动
4.tsunami n.海啸
5.magnitude n.(地)震级；重大
6.helicopter n.直升机
7.electricity n.电；电能
8.context n.上下文；语境；背景
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.death n.死；死亡
dead adj.无生命的，死去的
die vi.&vt.死；死亡
deadly adj.致命的；极度的
2.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊
shocking adj.令人震惊的
shocked adj.感到震惊的
3.breathe vi.&vt.呼吸
breath n.呼吸
4.revive vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒
revival n.振兴；复苏
5.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffering n.折磨；苦难；痛苦
6.wisdom n.智慧；才智
wise adj.明智的；聪明的
unwise adj.不明智的
7.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
effect n.影响；结果；效果
8.unify vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体
united adj.联合的
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
2.come to an end 终结；走向末日
3.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
4.instead of 而不是；代替
5.fall down 跌倒；倒塌
6.go through 经历；经受
7.as usual 像往常一样
8.blow...away 把……吹走
9.cut across 横切
10.in shock 震惊；吃惊
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：too...to...太……而不能……
[原句]　Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡，甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食，狗不肯进入屋内。
仿写：男孩们仍站在那里，吓得呆若木鸡，不能动弹。
The boys were still standing there, too shocked and frightened to move.(神情描写)
2.句型公式：as if引导虚拟语气
[原句]　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
仿写：他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。
He stood up and offered her his seat, as if he had read her mind.
3.句型公式：主语＋be＋adj.＋to do
[原句]　Water，food, and electricity were hard to get.
水、食物和电很难获得。
仿写：如果你听从以上建议，你的情况不难改变。
If you follow the above suggestions，your situation is not hard to change.(建议信)
1.ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏
[佳句背诵]　He made a big mistake, ruining his chance of getting the job.
他犯了一个大错，失去了得到那份工作的机会。
(1)in ruins　严重受损；破败不堪
be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruin (因缺乏照料而衰落，败落)
(2)ruin one’s hope/chance
使某人的希望破灭/机会失去
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
The ancient temple has fallen into ruin and needs repairing.
Looking at the house which lay in ruins in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.(动作描写)
他震惊地看着成为废墟的房子，立即拨打了911来营救被困的受伤人员。
2.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；(生义)电击 vt.(使)震惊
·shocking adj.令人震惊的
·shocked adj.感到震惊的，惊讶的
[佳句背诵]　Seeing the great mess in the kitchen，the father was frozen with shock.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
看到厨房里一团糟，父亲吓得僵住了。
(1)be shocked at/by sth对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊
(2)in shock 震惊；吃惊
a great shock to sb对某人来说是极大的震惊
[名师点津]　shocked adj.“感到震惊的”， 表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking adj.“令人震惊的”， 说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
On hearing that, all my classmates were shocked(shock), exploding into whispers.
I was shocked at/by his death and I froze，as if I were rooted to the ground.(心理描写)
我对他的去世很震惊，我愣住了，好像钉在了地上。
Jane was shocked to find that she was lost in the forest and she couldn’t help crying.
简震惊地发现她在树林中迷路了，她忍不住哭了起来。
I looked at him in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.(神情描写)
我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。
3.trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱
[佳句背诵]　The young man was trapped in the building，feeling very helpless.(心理描写)
那个年轻人被困在大楼里，感到非常无助。
(1)trap sb into (doing) sth　诱骗某人做某事
be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
(2)fall into a trap 落入圈套
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
If you choose this way，you’re likely to fall into a trap.
By clever questioning they trapped him into telling(tell)the truth.
When travelling，they were trapped in the mountain，waiting to be rescued.
旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。
4.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏；埋头于，专心于
[佳句背诵]　She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.(心理描写)
当她听到那个坏消息时，她双手掩面而泣。
bury one’s face/head in one’s hands双手捂脸/抱头
[活学巧用]　补全句子
David still refused to look at me and his head was buried in his arms.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫仍然不肯看我，头埋在胳膊里。
I bury myself/am buried in reading the English newspaper every day and I have gained abundant knowledge.(短文投稿，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。
5.breathe vi.&vt.呼吸
·breath n.呼吸
·breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
[佳句背诵]　He took off his clothes，took a deep breath and jumped into the cold water.(动作链)
他脱下衣服，深呼吸然后跳进了冷水中。
(1)breathe in　吸气
breathe out 呼气
(2)take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Breathe in deeply from the nose and breathe out slowly from the mouth.
After swimming for a few minutes，he was out of breath/lost his breath and immediately swam back to the bank.(动作描写)
游了几分钟后，他喘不过气来，立刻游回岸边。
Sensing that something was coming towards me，I held my breath，with my heart beating wildly.(情绪描写)
感觉到有什么东西朝我走来，我屏住呼吸，心狂跳。
6.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
[佳句背诵]　I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later.
我确信你的努力迟早会得到回报。
spare no effort to do sth　不遗余力做某事
make efforts/an effort to do sth 努力做某事
make every effort/all efforts to do sth 尽全力做某事
with joint efforts 共同努力
without effort 毫不费力
[活学巧用]　补全语段
Learning that Bernard was in trouble，John spared no effort to help him make some extra money.They made efforts to sell popcorn at the nearby market.Luckily, with joint efforts，they sold out all the popcorn without effort.Bernard returned home，with a bright smile on his face.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)
得知伯纳德处在困难中，约翰不遗余力地帮助他赚一些额外的钱。他们努力在附近的市场卖爆米花。幸运的是，通过共同努力，他们毫不费力地卖光了所有的爆米花。伯纳德面带灿烂的笑容回家了。
7.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
·suffering n.痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
[佳句背诵]　Learning that my partner suffered from a serious illness，I rushed to the hospital like an arrow.(2022·浙江1月卷)
得知我的搭档患了重病，我像箭一样冲向医院。
suffer from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)
[名师点津]　
(1)suffer的宾语一般是loss(损失)，pain(疼痛)，punishment(惩罚)，defeat(失败)等。
(2)suffer from的宾语一般是a bad back(背疼)，headache(头疼)，toothache(牙疼)，cold(感冒)等。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Only in this way can we avoid suffering from the pressure of exams. (建议信)
There are always some ups and downs in our lives，but it is the suffering that makes us stronger.(主旨升华)
生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。
1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡，甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食，狗不肯进入屋内。
句型公式|too...to...
(1)“too＋adj./adv.＋to do...”意为 “太……而不能做……”， 表示否定意义；
(2)“too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious/...＋to do...”意为“很/非常……做……”，表示肯定意义。
[佳句背诵]
I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
我讨厌她在我上班时给我打电话——我一直很忙，不能和她交谈。
I am too pleased to help you with your homework.
我很乐意帮你做作业。
[活学巧用]　补全句子/同义句转换
The little boy lowered his head slowly，too ashamed to look into the old man’s eyes.(神情描写)
这个小男孩缓缓低下了头，太羞愧不敢看那个老人的眼睛。
I was so young at that time that I couldn’t understand the meaning of the film.
→I was too young at that time to understand the meaning of the film.
2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
as if＝as though “仿佛；好像”，在句中引导表语从句。It seemed/seems (to sb) as if...“(对某人来说)似乎……”。
句型公式|as if/though...
(1)as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：
·从句用一般过去时(表示与现在的事实相反)；
·从句用过去完成时(表示与过去的事实相反)；
·从句用would/could/might do形式(表示与将来的事实相反)。
[佳句背诵]
Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it is going to rain.(陈述语气)
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨了。
He was so anxious that he felt as if he were on pins and needles.(心理描写，与现在事实相反)
他如此焦虑，以至于他感觉如坐针毡。
He talks to them as if they were children.(与现在事实相反)
他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.(与过去事实相反)
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
The teacher treats me as if I were (be) his own daughter.
Tom and his new friend talked as though they had been (be) friends for years.
It seems as if you are really interested in Chinese culture，so I recommend you to apply for Peking University.(建议信)
好像你真对中国文化感兴趣，因此我建议你申请北京大学。
He was quite upset and it seemed as if he had been thrown into an ocean of sadness.(心理描写)
他非常沮丧，似乎他已被扔进了悲伤的海洋。(共53张PPT)
Period Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
Reading Comprehension——通文本
Language Points——析考点
///////////////////
Part 1
Part 2
///////////////////
Part 1
Reading Comprehension——通文本
StepⅠ　Read for the main idea
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1　A.The rescue work.
Para.2　B.The revival of the city.
Para.3　C.Warning signs before the earthquake.
Para.4　D.The happening of the big earthquake.
Para.5　E.The bad effects of the earthquake.
答案　Para.1 C　Para.2 D　Para.3 E　Para.4 A　Para.5 B
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
(Ⅰ)Read Part 1(Para.1) carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Find out some of the strange things happening before the earthquake
(1)The water ______________；Deep cracks appeared in the well walls. Smelly gas _________________________.
(2)Animals behaved ___________：Chickens and pigs were ________________ and dogs _________________________;Mice ran out _____________________；Fish ______________ the water.
(3)________________ were seen in the sky and ________________ were heard.
rose and fell
came out of one well
strangely
too nervous to eat
refused to go inside buildings
looking for places to hide
jumped out of
Bright lights
loud noises
2.How do you understand the last sentence in this paragraph
It shows that people in Tangshan didn’t _________/were ___________________ those strange things and didn’t make ____________ before the disaster.
notice
unaware/ignorant of
preparations
(Ⅱ)Read Part 2(Paras.2&3) carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Why did the writer use so many numbers in the text
(1)To show the earthquake was very ______________________ and it caused ________________ people and the city.
(2)To make the text more ____________ and ____________.
serious
a lot of damage to
accurate
convincing
2.What rhetorical device(修辞手法) does the author use in the following sentences
A.metaphor(暗喻) B.repetition(重复)
C.parallelism(排比) D.personification(拟人)
E.exaggeration(夸张) F.simile(明喻)
(1)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！________
(2)Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves...________
E
F
(Ⅲ)Read Part 3(Paras.4&5) carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What does the writer mean by “Slowly，the city began to breathe again.”？
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2.How was Tangshan able to revive itself
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
The writer means that the city began to function/come to life again，because the earthquake had stopped people and supplies moving about，and so it was like the city couldn’t breathe.
With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
(Ⅰ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.In what order did the writer write the text
A.In order of importance.
B.In order of place.
C.In order of time.
D.In order of position.
√
2.The second and third paragraphs are mainly about ________.
A.the great loss the earthquake brought to Tangshan
B.the number of people who were killed or injured
C.when and where the earthquake happened
D.the cause of the big earthquake in Tangshan
√
3.What does the last sentence “Slowly，the city began to breathe again.” in the last but one paragraph mean
A.People who were trapped came to life.
B.The trees turned green.
C.The animals began to breathe.
D.The city returned to normal gradually.
√
(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully again and fill in the blanks.
Before the earthquake Many ①____________ things happened.The water in the wells rose and fell.Deep ②____________ appeared in the well walls.Bright lights were seen in the sky...
When the earthquake happened Everything began to ③__________________.
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！The earthquake caused many deaths or injuries.A large city lay in ④____________.
The great damage Everywhere survivors looked，there was ⑤________________ but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was ⑥____________.
After the earthquake Help came soon to dig out the people ⑦_______________ and bury the dead.Slowly，the city began to ⑧____________ again.
strange
cracks
shake
ruins
nothing
destroyed
trapped
breathe
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.Compared with Tangshan Earthquake，why did fewer people die in Wenchuan Earthquake (Creative thinking)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2.What spirit can we learn from the two big earthquakes？(Critical thinking)
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Because it broke out in the afternoon and most people were working at that time.
When we are in times of disaster，we must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
Step Ⅴ　Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，as if引导表语从句, 意思是“似乎；好像”,从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。
尝试翻译：________________________________________________________
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
2.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，who引导定语从句，是关系代词，指代前面的people，在从句中作主语；The number of 表示“……的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
尝试翻译：_________________________________________________________
在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
3.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，who引导定语从句，是关系代词，指代前面的those，指人，在句中作主语；dig out的意思是“挖掘，挖出”；the dead表示“一类人”，指“死者”。
尝试翻译：_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名士兵奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，whose引导定语从句，是关系代词，指人，和homes是所属关系，在从句中作定语。
尝试翻译：_________________________________________________________
工人们为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
5.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，that 引导宾语从句，作前面动词proved的宾语，可省略。
尝试翻译：_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
唐山向中国、向世界证明，在灾难时期，人民必须勠力同心，保持乐观的心态和重建更光明的未来的决心。
Step Ⅵ　Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Several days before July 28，1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan.But people in the city, 1.____________ were asleep as usual that night, didn’t think much of these.At 3：42 am，one of the most 2.____________ (dead)earthquakes of the 20th century broke out.In less than one minute, Tangshan 3.__________ (lie) in ruins.The number of people who were killed or 4._______________ (terrible) injured in the quake 5._______________ (be) more than 400，000.Water, food, and electricity were hard 6.________________ (get).
who
deadly
lay
terribly
was
to get
But all the hope wasn’t lost.Soon after the quakes, soldiers 7._______________ (organise)to dig out the trapped and bury the dead.Many more people, including workers，doctors and nurses, came to provide help.Through all the 8.__________ (effort), the city began to breathe again.Today, 9.____________ new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved 10._______________ the entire world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
were organised
efforts
a
to
Language Points——析考点
Part 2
夯实　语言基础
精析　核心要点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.come to their ____________ 营救他们
2.do ____________ to his health 损害他的健康
3.____________ our hopes 摧毁我们的希望
4.____________ our trip 毁了我们的旅行
5.be ____________ in the ruins 被困在废墟中
6.make greater ____________ 尽更大的努力
rescue
damage
destroy
ruin
trapped
efforts
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.disaster n.　　 ________________
2.drought n. ________________
3.slide vi.&vt.(slid，slid) ________________
4.tsunami n. ________________
5.magnitude n. ________________
6.helicopter n. ________________
7.electricity n. ________________
8.context n. ____________________
灾难；灾害
旱灾；久旱
(使)滑行；滑动
海啸
(地)震级；重大
直升机
电；电能
上下文；语境；背景
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.____________ n.死；死亡
dead adj.无生命的，死去的
die vi.&vt.死；死亡
deadly adj.致命的；极度的
2.____________ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
vt.(使)震惊
shocking adj.令人震惊的
shocked adj.感到震惊的
death
shock
3.____________ vi.&vt.呼吸
breath n.呼吸
4.____________ vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒
____________ n.振兴；复苏
5.____________ vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffering n.折磨；苦难；痛苦
6.____________ n.智慧；才智
wise adj.明智的；聪明的
unwise adj.不明智的
breathe
revive
revival
suffer
wisdom
7.____________ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
effect n.影响；结果；效果
8.____________ vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体
united adj.联合的
affect
unify
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.________________ 似乎；好像；仿佛
2.________________ 终结；走向末日
3.________________ 严重受损；破败不堪
4.________________ 而不是；代替
5.________________ 跌倒；倒塌
6.________________ 经历；经受
as if
come to an end
in ruins
instead of
fall down
go through
7.as usual 　 ________________
8.blow...away ________________
9.cut across ________________
10.in shock ________________
像往常一样
把……吹走
横切
震惊；吃惊
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：too...to...太……而不能……
[原句]　Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡，甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食，狗不肯进入屋内。
仿写：男孩们仍站在那里，吓得呆若木鸡，不能动弹。
The boys were still standing there，________________________________.
(神情描写)
too shocked and frightened to move
2.句型公式：as if引导虚拟语气
[原句]　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！　
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
仿写：他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。
He stood up and offered her his seat，__________________________.
as if he had read her mind　
3.句型公式：主语＋be＋adj.＋to do
[原句]　Water，food, and electricity were hard to get.　水、食物和电很难获得。
仿写：如果你听从以上建议，你的情况不难改变。
If you follow the above suggestions，your situation is __________________.
(建议信)
not hard to change
1.ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏
[佳句背诵]　He made a big mistake, ruining his chance of getting the job.
他犯了一个大错，失去了得到那份工作的机会。
(1)in ruins　　严重受损；破败不堪
be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruin (因缺乏照料而衰落，败落)
(2)ruin one’s hope/chance
使某人的希望破灭/机会失去
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
The ancient temple has fallen ________ ruin and needs repairing.
Looking at the house which _______________in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.(动作描写)
他震惊地看着成为废墟的房子，立即拨打了911来营救被困的受伤人员。
into
lay in ruins
2.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；(生义)电击 vt.(使)震惊
·shocking adj.令人震惊的
·shocked adj.感到震惊的，惊讶的
[佳句背诵]　Seeing the great mess in the kitchen，the father was frozen with shock.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
看到厨房里一团糟，父亲吓得僵住了。
(1)be shocked at/by sth对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊
(2)in shock 震惊；吃惊
a great shock to sb对某人来说是极大的震惊
[名师点津]　shocked adj.“感到震惊的”， 表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking adj.“令人震惊的”， 说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
On hearing that, all my classmates were ____________(shock), exploding into whispers.
I __________________________ and I froze，as if I were rooted to the ground. (心理描写)
我对他的去世很震惊，我愣住了，好像钉在了地上。
Jane __________________________ she was lost in the forest and she couldn’t help crying.
简震惊地发现她在树林中迷路了，她忍不住哭了起来。
shocked
was shocked at/by his death
was shocked to find that
I __________________________，waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.(神情描写)
我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。
looked at him in shock
3.trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱
[佳句背诵]　The young man was trapped in the building，feeling very helpless.(心理描写)
那个年轻人被困在大楼里，感到非常无助。
(1)trap sb into (doing) sth　诱骗某人做某事
be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
(2)fall into a trap 落入圈套
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
If you choose this way，you’re likely to fall ____________ a trap.
By clever questioning they trapped him into ____________(tell)the truth.
When travelling，they __________________________，waiting to be rescued.
旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。
into
telling
were trapped in the mountain
[活学巧用]　补全句子
David still refused to look at me and his head _____________________.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫仍然不肯看我，头埋在胳膊里。
I ________________________________ the English newspaper every day and I have gained abundant knowledge.(短文投稿，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。
was buried in his arms
bury myself/am buried in reading
5.breathe vi.&vt.呼吸
·breath n.呼吸
·breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
[佳句背诵]　He took off his clothes，took a deep breath and jumped into the cold water.(动作链)
他脱下衣服，深呼吸然后跳进了冷水中。
(1)breathe in　吸气
breathe out 呼气
(2)take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Breathe ____ deeply from the nose and breathe ______ slowly from the mouth.
After swimming for a few minutes，he ______________________________
and immediately swam back to the bank.(动作描写)
游了几分钟后，他喘不过气来，立刻游回岸边。
Sensing that something was coming towards me，I ____________________，
with my heart beating wildly.(情绪描写)
感觉到有什么东西朝我走来，我屏住呼吸，心狂跳。
in
out
was out of breath/lost his breath
held my breath
6.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
[佳句背诵]　I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later.
我确信你的努力迟早会得到回报。
spare no effort to do sth　不遗余力做某事
make efforts/an effort to do sth 努力做某事
make every effort/all efforts to do sth 尽全力做某事
with joint efforts 共同努力
without effort 毫不费力
[活学巧用]　补全语段
Learning that Bernard was in trouble，John _________________________ make some extra money.They ___________________ popcorn at the nearby market. Luckily，__________________，they sold out all the popcorn _______________. Bernard returned home，with a bright smile on his face. (新高考Ⅰ卷)
得知伯纳德处在困难中，约翰不遗余力地帮助他赚一些额外的钱。他们努力在附近的市场卖爆米花。幸运的是，通过共同努力，他们毫不费力地卖光了所有的爆米花。伯纳德面带灿烂的笑容回家了。
spared no effort to help him
made efforts to sell
with joint efforts
without effort
7.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
·suffering n.痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
[佳句背诵]　Learning that my partner suffered from a serious illness，I rushed to the hospital like an arrow.(2022·浙江1月卷)
得知我的搭档患了重病，我像箭一样冲向医院。
suffer from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)
[名师点津]　
(1)suffer的宾语一般是loss(损失)，pain(疼痛)，punishment(惩罚)，defeat(失败)等。
(2)suffer from的宾语一般是a bad back(背疼)，headache(头疼)，toothache(牙疼)，cold(感冒)等。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Only in this way can we avoid suffering ____________ the pressure of exams.
(建议信)
There are always some ups and downs in our lives，but _____________________________________.(主旨升华)
生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。
from
it is the suffering that makes us stronger
1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡，甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食，狗不肯进入屋内。
句型公式|too...to...
(1)“too＋adj./adv.＋to do...”意为 “太……而不能做……”， 表示否定意义；
(2)“too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious/...＋to do...”意为“很/非常……做……”，表示肯定意义。
[佳句背诵]
I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
我讨厌她在我上班时给我打电话——我一直很忙，不能和她交谈。
I am too pleased to help you with your homework.
我很乐意帮你做作业。
[活学巧用]　补全句子/同义句转换
The little boy lowered his head slowly，_______________________________
_____________.(神情描写)
这个小男孩缓缓低下了头，太羞愧不敢看那个老人的眼睛。
I was so young at that time that I couldn’t understand the meaning of the film.
→I ______________________________________ the meaning of the film.
too ashamed to look into the old
was too young at that time to understand
man’s eyes
2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
as if＝as though “仿佛；好像”，在句中引导表语从句。It seemed/seems (to sb) as if...“(对某人来说)似乎……”。
句型公式|as if/though...
(1)as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：
·从句用一般过去时(表示与现在的事实相反)；
·从句用过去完成时(表示与过去的事实相反)；
·从句用would/could/might do形式(表示与将来的事实相反)。
[佳句背诵]
Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it is going to rain.(陈述语气)
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨了。
He was so anxious that he felt as if he were on pins and needles.(心理描写，与现在事实相反)
他如此焦虑，以至于他感觉如坐针毡。
He talks to them as if they were children.(与现在事实相反)
他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.(与过去事实相反)
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
The teacher treats me as if I ____________ (be) his own daughter.
Tom and his new friend talked as though they ____________ (be) friends for years.
It seems ______________________________________________________，so I recommend you to apply for Peking University.(建议信)
好像你真对中国文化感兴趣，因此我建议你申请北京大学。
He was quite upset and it seemed ____________________________________
____________.(心理描写) 他非常沮丧，似乎他已被扔进了悲伤的海洋。
were
had been
as if you are really interested in Chinese culture
as if he had been thrown into an ocean
of sadnessPeriod Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Part 1　Reading Comprehension——通文本
StepⅠ　Read for the main idea
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1　A.The rescue work.
Para.2　B.The revival of the city.
Para.3　C.Warning signs before the earthquake.
Para.4　D.The happening of the big earthquake.
Para.5　E.The bad effects of the earthquake.
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
(Ⅰ)Read Part 1(Para.1) carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Find out some of the strange things happening before the earthquake
(1)The water ______________________________________________________；
Deep cracks appeared in the well walls.Smelly gas ___________________________.
(2)Animals behaved ____________：Chickens and pigs were ____________________ and dogs _________________________；Mice ran out ______________________________；Fish __________________________ the water.
(3)________________ were seen in the sky and ________________ were heard.
2.How do you understand the last sentence in this paragraph
It shows that people in Tangshan didn’t ____________/were ________________ those strange things and didn’t make ____________ before the disaster.
(Ⅱ)Read Part 2(Paras.2&3) carefully and do the following exercises.
1.Why did the writer use so many numbers in the text
(1)To show the earthquake was very ______________________________________
and it caused ________________ people and the city.
(2)To make the text more ____________ and ____________.
2.What rhetorical device(修辞手法) does the author use in the following sentences
A.metaphor(暗喻) B.repetition(重复)
C.parallelism(排比) D.personification(拟人)
E.exaggeration(夸张) F.simile(明喻)
(1)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！________
(2)Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves...________
(Ⅲ)Read Part 3(Paras.4&5) carefully and do the following exercises.
1.What does the writer mean by “Slowly，the city began to breathe again.”？
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2.How was Tangshan able to revive itself
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
(Ⅰ)Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.In what order did the writer write the text
A.In order of importance.
B.In order of place.
C.In order of time.
D.In order of position.
2.The second and third paragraphs are mainly about ________.
A.the great loss the earthquake brought to Tangshan
B.the number of people who were killed or injured
C.when and where the earthquake happened
D.the cause of the big earthquake in Tangshan
3.What does the last sentence “Slowly，the city began to breathe again.” in the last but one paragraph mean
A.People who were trapped came to life.
B.The trees turned green.
C.The animals began to breathe.
D.The city returned to normal gradually.
(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully again and fill in the blanks.
Before the earthquake Many ①____________ things happened.The water in the wells rose and fell.Deep ②____________ appeared in the well walls.Bright lights were seen in the sky...
When the earthquake happened Everything began to ③__________________. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！The earthquake caused many deaths or injuries.A large city lay in ④____________.
The great damage Everywhere survivors looked，there was ⑤________________ but ruins.Nearly everything in the city was ⑥____________.
After the earthquake Help came soon to dig out the people ⑦_______________ and bury the dead.Slowly，the city began to ⑧____________ again.
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.Compared with Tangshan Earthquake，why did fewer people die in Wenchuan Earthquake (Creative thinking)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2.What spirit can we learn from the two big earthquakes？(Critical thinking)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Step Ⅴ　Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，as if引导表语从句，意思是“似乎；好像”，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。
尝试翻译：___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400，000.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，who引导定语从句，是关系代词，指代前面的people，在从句中作主语；The number of 表示“……的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
尝试翻译：___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3.Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，who引导定语从句，是关系代词，指代前面的those，指人，在句中作主语；dig out的意思是“挖掘，挖出”；the dead表示“一类人”，指“死者”。
尝试翻译：___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，whose引导定语从句，是关系代词，指人，和homes是所属关系，在从句中作定语。
尝试翻译：___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
5.Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster，people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句，that 引导宾语从句，作前面动词proved的宾语，可省略。
尝试翻译：___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Step Ⅵ　Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
Several days before July 28，1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan.But people in the city, 1.____________ were asleep as usual that night, didn’t think much of these.At 3：42 am，one of the most 2.____________ (dead)earthquakes of the 20th century broke out.In less than one minute, Tangshan 3.__________________ (lie) in ruins.The number of people who were killed or 4.____________ (terrible) injured in the quake 5.____________ (be) more than 400，000.Water, food, and electricity were hard 6.____________ (get).But all the hope wasn’t lost.Soon after the quakes, soldiers 7.____________ (organise)to dig out the trapped and bury the dead.Many more people, including workers，doctors and nurses, came to provide help.Through all the 8.__________ (effort), the city began to breathe again.Today, 9.____________ new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins, which has proved 10._______________ the entire world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.
Part 2　Language Points——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.come to their ____________ 营救他们
2.do ____________ to his health 损害他的健康
3.____________ our hopes 摧毁我们的希望
4.____________ our trip 毁了我们的旅行
5.be ____________ in the ruins 被困在废墟中
6.make greater ____________ 尽更大的努力
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.disaster n.　　________________
2.drought n. ________________
3.slide vi.&vt.(slid，slid) ________________
4.tsunami n. ________________
5.magnitude n. ________________
6.helicopter n. ________________
7.electricity n. ________________
8.context n. ________________
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.____________ n.死；死亡
dead adj.无生命的，死去的
die vi.&vt.死；死亡
deadly adj.致命的；极度的
2.____________ n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
vt.(使)震惊
shocking adj.令人震惊的
shocked adj.感到震惊的
3.____________ vi.&vt.呼吸
breath n.呼吸
4.____________ vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒
____________ n.振兴；复苏
5.____________ vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
suffering n.折磨；苦难；痛苦
6.____________ n.智慧；才智
wise adj.明智的；聪明的
unwise adj.不明智的
7.____________ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
effect n.影响；结果；效果
8.____________ vi.&vt.统一；(使)成一体
united adj.联合的
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.________________ 似乎；好像；仿佛
2.________________ 终结；走向末日
3.________________ 严重受损；破败不堪
4.________________ 而不是；代替
5.________________ 跌倒；倒塌
6.________________ 经历；经受
7.as usual 　________________
8.blow...away ________________
9.cut across ________________
10.in shock ________________
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：too...to...太……而不能……
[原句]　Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡，甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食，狗不肯进入屋内。
仿写：男孩们仍站在那里，吓得呆若木鸡，不能动弹。
The boys were still standing there，_________________________________________
_______________________________________________________.(神情描写)
2.句型公式：as if引导虚拟语气
[原句]　It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！　
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
仿写：他站起来给她让座，他好像读懂了她的心思。
He stood up and offered her his seat，_______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
3.句型公式：主语＋be＋adj.＋to do
[原句]　Water，food, and electricity were hard to get.　水、食物和电很难获得。
仿写：如果你听从以上建议，你的情况不难改变。
If you follow the above suggestions，your situation is ____________________________________________________.(建议信)
1.ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏
[佳句背诵]　He made a big mistake, ruining his chance of getting the job.
他犯了一个大错，失去了得到那份工作的机会。
(1)in ruins　　严重受损；破败不堪
be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruin (因缺乏照料而衰落，败落)
(2)ruin one’s hope/chance
使某人的希望破灭/机会失去
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
The ancient temple has fallen ________________________________________
ruin and needs repairing.
Looking at the house which ____________________________________________
in shock，he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.(动作描写)
他震惊地看着成为废墟的房子，立即拨打了911来营救被困的受伤人员。
2.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克；(生义)电击 vt.(使)震惊
·shocking adj.令人震惊的
·shocked adj.感到震惊的，惊讶的
[佳句背诵]　Seeing the great mess in the kitchen，the father was frozen with shock.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
看到厨房里一团糟，父亲吓得僵住了。
(1)be shocked at/by sth对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊
(2)in shock 震惊；吃惊
a great shock to sb对某人来说是极大的震惊
[名师点津]　shocked adj.“感到震惊的”， 表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking adj.“令人震惊的”， 说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
On hearing that, all my classmates were ____________(shock), exploding into whispers.
I _____________________________________________________________
and I froze，as if I were rooted to the ground.(心理描写)
我对他的去世很震惊，我愣住了，好像钉在了地上。
Jane _____________________________________________________________
she was lost in the forest and she couldn’t help crying.
简震惊地发现她在树林中迷路了，她忍不住哭了起来。
I ____________________________________________________________，
waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.(神情描写)
我震惊地望着他，等待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。
3.trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱
[佳句背诵]　The young man was trapped in the building，feeling very helpless.(心理描写)
那个年轻人被困在大楼里，感到非常无助。
(1)trap sb into (doing) sth　诱骗某人做某事
be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
(2)fall into a trap 落入圈套
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
If you choose this way，you’re likely to fall ____________ a trap.
By clever questioning they trapped him into ____________(tell)the truth.
When travelling，they _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________，waiting to be rescued.
旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。
4.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏；埋头于，专心于
[佳句背诵]　She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.(心理描写)
当她听到那个坏消息时，她双手掩面而泣。
bury one’s face/head in one’s hands双手捂脸/抱头
埋头/专心(做)某事
[活学巧用]　补全句子
David still refused to look at me and his head ____________________________________________________________________.
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫仍然不肯看我，头埋在胳膊里。
I _____________________________________________________________
the English newspaper every day and I have gained abundant knowledge.(短文投稿，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。
5.breathe vi.&vt.呼吸
·breath n.呼吸
·breathless adj.气喘吁吁的
[佳句背诵]　He took off his clothes，took a deep breath and jumped into the cold water.(动作链)
他脱下衣服，深呼吸然后跳进了冷水中。
(1)breathe in　吸气
breathe out 呼气
(2)take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Breathe ____________ deeply from the nose and breathe ____________ slowly from the mouth.
After swimming for a few minutes，he _________________________________
_______________________________________________ and immediately
swam back to the bank.(动作描写)
游了几分钟后，他喘不过气来，立刻游回岸边。
Sensing that something was coming towards me，I _______________________，
with my heart beating wildly.(情绪描写)
感觉到有什么东西朝我走来，我屏住呼吸，心狂跳。
6.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
[佳句背诵]　I do believe that all your efforts will pay off sooner or later.
我确信你的努力迟早会得到回报。
spare no effort to do sth　不遗余力做某事
make efforts/an effort to do sth 努力做某事
make every effort/all efforts to do sth 尽全力做某事
with joint efforts 共同努力
without effort 毫不费力
[活学巧用]　补全语段
Learning that Bernard was in trouble，John ________________________ make some extra money.They ___________________________________________________
popcorn at the nearby market.Luckily，________________________，they sold out all the popcorn ________________________.Bernard returned home，with a bright smile on his face.(新高考Ⅰ卷)
得知伯纳德处在困难中，约翰不遗余力地帮助他赚一些额外的钱。他们努力在附近的市场卖爆米花。幸运的是，通过共同努力，他们毫不费力地卖光了所有的爆米花。伯纳德面带灿烂的笑容回家了。
7.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
·suffering n.痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
[佳句背诵]　Learning that my partner suffered from a serious illness，I rushed to the hospital like an arrow.(2022·浙江1月卷)
得知我的搭档患了重病，我像箭一样冲向医院。
suffer from (身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)
[名师点津]　
(1)suffer的宾语一般是loss(损失)，pain(疼痛)，punishment(惩罚)，defeat(失败)等。
(2)suffer from的宾语一般是a bad back(背疼)，headache(头疼)，toothache(牙疼)，cold(感冒)等。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Only in this way can we avoid suffering ____________ the pressure of exams. (建议信)
There are always some ups and downs in our lives，but ____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________.(主旨升华)
生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。
1.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
鸡，甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食，狗不肯进入屋内。
句型公式|too...to...
(1)“too＋adj./adv.＋to do...”意为 “太……而不能做……”， 表示否定意义；
(2)“too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious/...＋to do...”意为“很/非常……做……”，表示肯定意义。
[佳句背诵]
I hate it when she calls me at work—I’m always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
我讨厌她在我上班时给我打电话——我一直很忙，不能和她交谈。
I am too pleased to help you with your homework.
我很乐意帮你做作业。
[活学巧用]　补全句子/同义句转换
The little boy lowered his head slowly，_______________________________
____________________________________________________.(神情描写)
这个小男孩缓缓低下了头，太羞愧不敢看那个老人的眼睛。
I was so young at that time that I couldn’t understand the meaning of the film.
→I ________________________________________________________________
the meaning of the film.
2.It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
as if＝as though “仿佛；好像”，在句中引导表语从句。It seemed/seems (to sb) as if...“(对某人来说)似乎……”。
句型公式|as if/though...
(1)as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：
·从句用一般过去时(表示与现在的事实相反)；
·从句用过去完成时(表示与过去的事实相反)；
·从句用would/could/might do形式(表示与将来的事实相反)。
[佳句背诵]
Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it is going to rain.(陈述语气)
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨了。
He was so anxious that he felt as if he were on pins and needles.(心理描写，与现在事实相反)
他如此焦虑，以至于他感觉如坐针毡。
He talks to them as if they were children.(与现在事实相反)
他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。
He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.(与过去事实相反)
他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
The teacher treats me as if I ____________ (be) his own daughter.
Tom and his new friend talked as though they ____________ (be) friends for years.
It seems ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________，so I recommend you
to apply for Peking University.(建议信)
好像你真对中国文化感兴趣，因此我建议你申请北京大学。
He was quite upset and it seemed ____________________________________
______________________________________________________.(心理描写)
他非常沮丧，似乎他已被扔进了悲伤的海洋。

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