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Period Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures——限制性定语从句(2)
1.It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3.There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
4.These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
5.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
[自主发现]
1.关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(句2)。
2.关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(句1)。
3.关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语(句3)。
4.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句(句4、5)。
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句不缺主语、宾语或者表语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where，when，why。关系副词的指代及功能如下：
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
1.关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on...＋which”结构。
The stadium where/in which the athletes work out is not far from here.
运动员们锻炼的体育馆离这里不远。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where/in which he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
[名师点津]　当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
2.关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during...＋which”结构。
I will never forget the day when/on which I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那天。
I’ll never forget the time when I was trapped in a burning house.　我永远不会忘记我被困在燃烧着的房子里的时候。
3.关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for＋which”结构。
Do you know the reason why/for which she is under great stress
你知道她压力很大的原因吗？
4.关系代词与关系副词的用法区别
选用关系代词还是关系副词，归根结底要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺的是主语、宾语、表语或定语，就用关系代词，如果缺的是状语，就用关系副词。
(1)先行词表示时间。
I will never forget the days when we had a good time on the beach.(从句缺状语，故用when)
我永远不会忘记我们在海滩上玩得很开心的那些日子。
I will never forget the days (which/that) we spent together on the beach.(从句缺宾语，故用which或that，也可省略)
我永远不会忘记我们一起在海滩上度过的日子。
(2)先行词表示地点。
The mountain village where I used to stay for one night last year has taken on a new look.
(从句缺状语，故用where)
我去年住过一晚的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。
The mountain village (which/that) we paid a visit to last year has taken on a new look.(从句缺宾语，故用which或that，也可省略)
我们去年参观过的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。
(3)先行词是reason。
The reason why he was late for work was that he had an accident on the way.(从句缺状语，故用why)
他上班迟到的原因是他在路上出了事故。
The reason(which/that) he gave for his being late for work was that he had an accident on the way.(从句缺宾语，故用which或that，也可省略)
他给出的上班迟到的理由是他在路上出了事故。
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.常用的关系代词
关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which(指物)或whom(指人)。
2.介词的选用：可以遵循“一先二动三意义”的原则。
(1)“一先”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I’ll never forget the farm on which I spent my childhood in the country.(on the farm“在农场上”)
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with the camera“用照相机”)
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
(2)“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.(be satisfied with“对……满意”)
他带来了令老板满意的结果。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is known.(be known for “因……而出名”)
昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
(3)“三意义”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。
[名师点津]　有些“动词＋介词”短语如look for，look after，call on等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
Is this the brochure which she is looking for
这就是她在找的那本册子吗？
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.
护士们在照看的婴儿都很健康。
3.“名词/数词/代词等＋介词of＋关系代词”结构
有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
The river，the banks of which are covered with trees，flows to the sea.
这条河流入大海，河的两岸都是树。
In the class there are 50 students，most of whom are very hard－working.
这个班里有50个学生，其中大多数都很勤奋。
Ⅰ.用关系词填空
1.I still remember the days when we chatted with each other all night.
2.I still remember the days (that/which) we spent together on the farm.
3.I don’t know the reason why he dropped out of college.
4.I won’t listen to the reason (that/which) you have given us.
5.This is the place where we held a party last week.
6.This is the place (that/which) we visited last week.
Ⅱ.用介词填空
1.Is this the car for which you paid a high price
2.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
3.The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers studying abroad now.
4.I can’t remember the age at which he won the prize.
5.This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.(共24张PPT)
Period Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures——限制性定语从句(2)
UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
图解 语法脉络
感知 语法规律
///////
1
2
4
///////
///////
精讲 语法知识
3
///////
跟踪 落实检查
1
图解 语法脉络
2
感知 语法规律
1.It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3.There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
4.These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
5.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
[自主发现]
1.关系副词where在定语从句中作_____________ (句2)。
2.关系副词when在定语从句中作_____________(句1)。
3.关系副词why在定语从句中作___________ (句3)。
4._____________________引导的定语从句(句4、5)。
地点状语
时间状语
原因状语
“介词＋关系代词”
3
精讲 语法知识
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句不缺主语、宾语或者表语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where，when，why。关系副词的指代及功能如下：
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
1.关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on...＋which”结构。
The stadium where/in which the athletes work out is not far from here.
运动员们锻炼的体育馆离这里不远。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where/in which he grew up as a child.　
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
[名师点津]　当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
2.关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during...＋which”结构。
I will never forget the day when/on which I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那天。
I’ll never forget the time when I was trapped in a burning house.　
我永远不会忘记我被困在燃烧着的房子里的时候。
3.关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语,相当于“for＋which”结构。
Do you know the reason why/for which she is under great stress
你知道她压力很大的原因吗？
4.关系代词与关系副词的用法区别
选用关系代词还是关系副词，归根结底要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺的是主语、宾语、表语或定语，就用关系代词,如果缺的是状语,就用关系副词。
(1)先行词表示时间。
I will never forget the days when we had a good time on the beach.(从句缺状语,故用when) 我永远不会忘记我们在海滩上玩得很开心的那些日子。
I will never forget the days (which/that) we spent together on the beach.(从句缺宾语，故用which或that，也可省略)
我永远不会忘记我们一起在海滩上度过的日子。
(2)先行词表示地点。
The mountain village where I used to stay for one night last year has taken on a new look.(从句缺状语，故用where)
我去年住过一晚的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。
The mountain village (which/that) we paid a visit to last year has taken on a new look.(从句缺宾语，故用which或that，也可省略)
我们去年参观过的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。
(3)先行词是reason。
The reason why he was late for work was that he had an accident on the way.(从句缺状语，故用why)
他上班迟到的原因是他在路上出了事故。
The reason(which/that) he gave for his being late for work was that he had an accident on the way.(从句缺宾语，故用which或that，也可省略)
他给出的上班迟到的理由是他在路上出了事故。
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.常用的关系代词
关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which(指物)或whom(指人)。
2.介词的选用：可以遵循“一先二动三意义”的原则。
(1)“一先”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I’ll never forget the farm on which I spent my childhood in the country.(on the farm“在农场上”)
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with the camera“用照相机”)
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
(2)“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.(be satisfied with“对……满意”)
他带来了令老板满意的结果。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is known.(be known for “因……而出名”)
昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
(3)“三意义”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.　这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。
[名师点津]　有些“动词＋介词”短语如look for，look after，call on等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
Is this the brochure which she is looking for
这就是她在找的那本册子吗？
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.　
护士们在照看的婴儿都很健康。
3.“名词/数词/代词等＋介词of＋关系代词”结构
有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
The river，the banks of which are covered with trees，flows to the sea.
这条河流入大海，河的两岸都是树。
In the class there are 50 students，most of whom are very hard－working.
这个班里有50个学生，其中大多数都很勤奋。
跟踪 落实检查
4
Ⅰ.用关系词填空
1.I still remember the days ____________ we chatted with each other all night.
2.I still remember the days ____________ we spent together on the farm.
3.I don’t know the reason ____________ he dropped out of college.
4.I won’t listen to the reason ____________ you have given us.
5.This is the place ____________ we held a party last week.
6.This is the place ____________ we visited last week.
when
(that/which)
why
(that/which)
where
(that/which)
Ⅱ.用介词填空
1.Is this the car ____________ which you paid a high price
2.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____________ whom she could turn for help.
3.The old man has two sons, both ____________ whom are lawyers studying abroad now.
4.I can’t remember the age ____________ which he won the prize.
5.This is the pilot ____________ whom my brother has worked for ten years.
for
to
of
at
withPeriod Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures——限制性定语从句(2)
1.It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3.There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
4.These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
5.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
[自主发现]
1.关系副词where在定语从句中作___________________________(句2)。
2.关系副词when在定语从句中作________________________(句1)。
3.关系副词why在定语从句中作_____________________(句3)。
4._____________________引导的定语从句(句4、5)。
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
当先行词在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句不缺主语、宾语或者表语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词有where，when，why。关系副词的指代及功能如下：
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
1.关系副词where
where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot，school，country等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on...＋which”结构。
The stadium where/in which the athletes work out is not far from here.
运动员们锻炼的体育馆离这里不远。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where/in which he grew up as a child.　在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
[名师点津]　当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
2.关系副词when
when引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during...＋which”结构。
I will never forget the day when/on which I first saw you.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那天。
I’ll never forget the time when I was trapped in a burning house.　我永远不会忘记我被困在燃烧着的房子里的时候。
3.关系副词why
why引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语，相当于“for＋which”结构。
Do you know the reason why/for which she is under great stress
你知道她压力很大的原因吗？
4.关系代词与关系副词的用法区别
选用关系代词还是关系副词，归根结底要看定语从句缺什么成分。如果缺的是主语、宾语、表语或定语，就用关系代词，如果缺的是状语，就用关系副词。
(1)先行词表示时间。
I will never forget the days when we had a good time on the beach.(从句缺状语，故用when)
我永远不会忘记我们在海滩上玩得很开心的那些日子。
I will never forget the days (which/that) we spent together on the beach.(从句缺宾语，故用which或that，也可省略)
我永远不会忘记我们一起在海滩上度过的日子。
(2)先行词表示地点。
The mountain village where I used to stay for one night last year has taken on a new look.(从句缺状语，故用where)
我去年住过一晚的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。
The mountain village (which/that) we paid a visit to last year has taken on a new look.(从句缺宾语，故用which或that，也可省略)
我们去年参观过的那个山村现在面貌焕然一新。
(3)先行词是reason。
The reason why he was late for work was that he had an accident on the way.(从句缺状语，故用why)
他上班迟到的原因是他在路上出了事故。
The reason(which/that) he gave for his being late for work was that he had an accident on the way.(从句缺宾语，故用which或that，也可省略)
他给出的上班迟到的理由是他在路上出了事故。
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.常用的关系代词
关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”的结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which(指物)或whom(指人)。
2.介词的选用：可以遵循“一先二动三意义”的原则。
(1)“一先”——依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。
I’ll never forget the farm on which I spent my childhood in the country.(on the farm“在农场上”)
我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with the camera“用照相机”)
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
(2)“二动”——依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.(be satisfied with“对……满意”)
他带来了令老板满意的结果。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is known.(be known for “因……而出名”)
昨天我们游览了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
(3)“三意义”——根据从句表达的意义和先行词的逻辑关系来确定。
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.　这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体叫作氧气。
[名师点津]　有些“动词＋介词”短语如look for，look after，call on等，如果介词提前将会失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。
Is this the brochure which she is looking for
这就是她在找的那本册子吗？
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are healthy.　护士们在照看的婴儿都很健康。
3.“名词/数词/代词等＋介词of＋关系代词”结构
有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。
The river，the banks of which are covered with trees，flows to the sea.
这条河流入大海，河的两岸都是树。
In the class there are 50 students，most of whom are very hard－working.
这个班里有50个学生，其中大多数都很勤奋。
Ⅰ.用关系词填空
1.I still remember the days ____________ we chatted with each other all night.
2.I still remember the days ____________ we spent together on the farm.
3.I don’t know the reason ____________ he dropped out of college.
4.I won’t listen to the reason ____________ you have given us.
5.This is the place ____________ we held a party last week.
6.This is the place ____________ we visited last week.
Ⅱ.用介词填空
1.Is this the car ____________ which you paid a high price
2.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____________ whom she could turn for help.
3.The old man has two sons, both ____________ whom are lawyers studying abroad now.
4.I can’t remember the age ____________ which he won the prize.
5.This is the pilot ____________ whom my brother has worked for ten years.

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