资源简介

(共34张PPT)
示范课
基于高考真题视角下
提升学生语篇阅读能力的思考
---以2023-2024年真题阅读理解C篇为例
必备知识
关键能力
学科核心素养
04
02
01
探究提升学生阅读能力的思考
高考真题分析
学科新课标
03
常改编和原创命题
一
研读高中英语新课标
4.语篇和语篇教学在《普通高中英语课程标准》中的特殊地位
《普通高中英语课程标准》中的关键词、课程结构与语篇教学：
研读高中英语新课标
新课标关键词：
立德树人 14 次
核心素养 125 次（学科核心素养 99次 ） 语篇 412 次
( 2003版课标提及“语篇”一词6次，
2017版课标提及“语篇”一词396次，2020版课标提及“语篇”一词412次)
六要素整合的高中英语课程内容图示
4.语篇和语篇教学在《普通高中英语课程标准》中的特殊地位
研读高中英语新课标
语篇（阅读）教学与测试的关系
高考英语测试项目：
听（说）读写（看）
高考英语测试题型：
听力、阅读理解、七选五阅读、完形、短文/语法填空、书面表达（应用文写作、读后续写）。
以语篇为载体进行考查
六要素整合的高中英语课程内容图示
高中英语教学是以语篇为载体和主体的教学， 高考英语语言测试均以语篇为载体进行考查。
二
高考真题分析
以2023-2024真题C篇为例
专有名词，专业术语多
Why is exposition difficult
Difficulties
语篇结构不熟
说明对象陌生，难理解
句式复杂，长难句多
问题解决型：问题 分析问题（因果） 解决措施 呼吁或建议或评价
主题说明型：引出主题（a phenomenon / project / plan/ debate/ theory... ） 解释主题 拓展主题（利弊、因果、影响、意义、评价...）
研究发现型：研究发现 研究过程：背景、目标、对象、原理、方法、数据、结果... 研究结论：前景、影响、意义、评价、未来方向、不足...
说明文三大类型
试卷名称 篇目 主题语境 话题 体裁 说明对象
2023年新课标Ⅰ卷 C 人与自我 数字极简生活方式 说明文 新理论
2024年新课标Ⅰ卷
C 人与社会 纸媒优于电子媒体 说明文 研究报告
近两年新课标I卷阅读理解说明文概况
问题解决
研究发现
general
specific
general
topic sentences
中间四段紧密围绕首段提出的话题展开说明—
纸媒与数字阅读的差异以及原因
主要题型
细节理解、
推理判断（以推断隐含信息为主）
C篇特有
词义猜测/指代判断题基本上出现在C篇
其他
标题概括
设问视角
宏观层面的信息定位
微观层面的信息理解
题目类型
近几年新课标I卷C篇阅读理解
题目类型
2024年新课标I卷C篇阅读理解
词义猜测
细节理解
细节理解
推理判断
本次C篇阅读理解的题型延续了往年的特色——以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，词义猜测题任然出现在C篇
通过观察C篇各个问题的信息句，命题老师的命题点通常位于：主题句（话题句、总结句）、承上启下句、转折（对比/因果/递进/解释/并列/条件）句中，此外比较常见的还有定语从句（状语、同位语、特殊句式）、举例项、引号、特殊标点后。因此在阅读时，需要额外关注这些点位的句子，便于解题时快速、有效定位。
命 题 点
近几年新课标I卷C篇阅读理解
命 题 点
2024年新课标I卷C篇阅读理解
补充说明句
解释说明句
因果句
主题句/转折句
本文来自美利坚大学语言学荣休教授 Naomi S. Baron（内奥米·S. 巴伦）的一篇名为 Why we remember more by reading – especially print – than from audio or video 的文章。文章中，Baron教授介绍了他自己的研究成果和他人的研究成果，以此说明在促进学习上，纸质阅读比数字（可视化）阅读更有效，并就背后原因进行了阐述。
相较于原文，本文删减了大量研究及其数据，保留了关键的研究结果、原因分析和作者的研究结论。语言上基本上忠于原文，个别冷僻词进行了同义转换，也适当增加/删减了内容帮助考生理解。
题源对比分析
2024年新课标I卷C篇阅读理解
As a professor of linguistics, I have been studying how electronic communication compares to traditional print when it comes to learning. Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material
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The answers to both questions are often “no,” as I discuss in my book “How We Read Now,” released in March 2021. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including diminished concentration, an entertainment mindset and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
题源对比分析
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
保留了两个问题作为话题导入
同义替换
把包含“I”的句子删掉了，使文本更精简
2024年新课标I卷C篇阅读理解
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A cascade of research confirms this finding.
The benefits of print particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. Print reading also improves the likelihood of recalling details – like “What was the color of the actor’s hair ” – and remembering where in a story events occurred – “Did the accident happen before or after the political coup ”
题源对比分析
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks --- like identifying the main idea in a reading passage---to ones that require mental abstraction --- such as drawing inferences from a text.
2024年新课标I卷C篇阅读理解
第二段将原文中的两段进行了合并和删减（删减了第二句print reading的好处）。
题源对比分析
2024年新课标I卷C篇阅读理解
Audio and video can feel more engaging than text, and so faculty increasingly resort to these technologies – say, assigning a TED talk instead of an article by the same person.
Maximizing mental focus
Psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories or transcripts of fiction, they remember more of the content than if they listen to identical pieces.
Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies --- say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.
第五段将原文中的两段进行了合并，用以说明纸媒阅读的优势及原因。
改编后的文本对原文中的冷僻词进行同义替换或删减，有助于学生理解。
删减
题源对比分析
2024年新课标I卷C篇阅读理解
The collective research shows that digital media have common features and user practices that can constrain learning. These include diminished concentration, an entertainment mindset, a propensity to multitask, lack of a fixed physical reference point, reduced use of annotation and less frequent reviewing of what has been read, heard or viewed.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators – and parents – shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
第六段对原文结尾进行了删减，保留了最能凸显写作目的的段落。
删减，有利于学生完成31题。
宏观把握
2024高考英语全国I卷阅读理解C篇采用general-specific语篇模式，考生在答题时应当先在宏观上把握语篇结构，划出个段落话题句，明确语篇的写作话题和主要内容，有利于快速定位信息、理清细节，提升解题的正确率，亦能有效排除干扰项。
微观解析
28.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A.Seem unlikely to last. B.Seem hard to explain.
C.Become ready to use. D.Become easy to notice.
shine through所在的句子是对前一句“A large amount of research confirms this finding.”的补充说明。本句也是实验研究的结果之一，与本段首句“learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen”意思相同，首先确定shine through是褒义的，排除A和B。通过理解本句“当实验人员把任务从易（比如找到阅读文章的主旨）到难（需要抽象思维，比如从文本中推断出结论）推进时，纸质阅读的优势尤为明显，也就是变得容易被人注意到（become easy to notice），故选 D。此外，本句主语“benefits”与use不能搭配，可排除C。
√
微观解析
29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume
A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.
B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C.People select digital texts randomly.
D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.
根据题干中shallowing hypothesis快速定位到第四段。根据“According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. ”中according to提示本句是对前一句的解释说明。本句意思是人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少，也就是读者对数字文本持不严肃、轻松的态度。treat sth lightly 意为“轻松地对待某事”，通过同义替换选 A。。
√
微观解析
30.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers
A.They can hold students’ attention. B.They are more convenient to prepare.
C.They help develop advanced skills. D.They are more informative than text.
根据题干中sudio and video increasingly used快速定位到第五段第一句。问题疑问词为Why，根据本句“Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies --- say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. ”中含有提示因果关系的so一词可知，Audio and video can feel more engaging than text为原因，通过同义替换可得A。
√
长难句解读
C篇阅读理解中一些长难句往往就是命题点，长难句的处理方式如下：
1、找谓语，定主语
2、提主干，去枝叶
3、寻关联，辩逻辑
4、看搭配，防分隔
The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks --- like identifying the main idea in a reading passage---to ones that require mental abstraction --- such as drawing inferences from a text.
长难句解读
破折号后面的内容先删除，得“The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks to ones that require mental abstraction”。其中，The benefits of print reading particularly shine through为主句，when引导了条件状语从句。本句的意思：当实验人员把任务从易（比如找到阅读文章的主旨）到难（需要抽象思维，比如从文本中推断出结论）推进时，纸质阅读的优势尤为明显。
说明文阅读高分学生能力特征
1、 词汇量丰富与语法基础扎实
2、快速阅读与提取信息能力强
3、逻辑推理能力强与概括归纳能力好
4、具有批判性思维解题习惯
5、具备跨文化交际意识
6、应试技巧灵活与敏锐的时间管理意识
SUMMERY
培养语篇宏观解构能力，要具备先见森林再见树木的意识和能力
信息定位能力：通过题干的关键词快速定位信息句
同义词/短语积累、派生词积累
长难句解读能力
三
常改编和原创试题
四
探讨学生阅读能力提升的方向
教师 一：立足基础、适度深化
从真题角度探讨教学备考的方向，提高师生们关注核心素养意识：
a.回归教材。活用教材
b.适度深化，注意细节。
c.积累核心素材，限时训练
d.挖掘教材共性、构建知识网络。
e.重基础，精选精做、注重实效。
二： 注重培养解决实际问题的能力，提高学生英语思维和英语语用能力。
二： 反套路，精选题；多出原创题，让学生多做改编题，培养多维思考方式
学生 一： 重视类比迁移，形成高效解题模式。
请大家批评指正！

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