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(共20张PPT)
UNIT 3 War and peace
Using language（1）
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a 　Your enemy is well trained，well equipped and battle-hardened...
b 　The enemy were hiding，ready to attack the Allied soldiers...
c 　...people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
1 In which sentence does the word“enemy”refer to different members Is it followed by a singular verb or plural verb
·In sentence（b），the word “enemy”refers to different members.
·It is followed by a plural verb.
Subject-verb agreement（1）
Subject-verb agreement（1）
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a 　Your enemy is well trained，well equipped and battle-hardened...
b 　The enemy were hiding，ready to attack the Allied soldiers...
c 　...people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
2 In which sentence does the word“enemy”refer to a single unit Is it followed by a singular verb or plural verb Do you know any other similar nouns
·In sentence（a），the word “enemy” refers to a single unit.
·It is followed by a singular verb.
·Other similar nouns are family， team，class，crowd，government， etc.
Subject-verb agreement（1）
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a 　Your enemy is well trained，well equipped and battle-hardened...
b 　The enemy were hiding，ready to attack the Allied soldiers...
c 　...people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
3 Is the word“people”usually followed by a singular verb or plural verb Do you know any other similar nouns
·The word“people”is usually followed by a plural verb.
·Other similar nouns are police， cattle，etc.
Subject-verb agreement（1）
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a 　Your enemy is well trained，well equipped and battle-hardened...
b 　The enemy were hiding，ready to attack the Allied soldiers...
c 　...people were coming together for memorial ceremonies.
Now look for more sentences following this rule in the reading passage， and summarise the use of subject-verb agreement in your own words.
The use of subject-verb agreement：
When words such as enemy， team，audience are used as subjects of the sentences and are used to refer to a single unit，the words are followed by singular verbs. When they are used to refer to different members，the words are followed by plural verbs.
Such words as people，cattle are usually followed by plural verbs.
Correct any mistakes in these sentences or put a √ in the square brackets if they are correct.
1　Government troop have put down the uprising. ［troops］
2　The police is after him. ［　　］
3　The military are well-organised and prepared to fight. ［　 ］
4　All the machinery in this factory are made in the US. ［　　］
5　The soldiers’ uniform look very smart. ［　 　］
6　The group was sent to rescue the missing pilot. ［　　］
7　Politics are the study of the ways in which countries are governed. ［　　］
are
√
is
uniforms
√
is
Complete the film review with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Saving Private Ryan is a film directed by Steven Spielberg. The two main characters are
Captain John Miller，played by Tom Hanks，and Private James Ryan，played by Matt
Damon.
James Ryan is the fourth son in his family to be sent to fight in the Second World War.
The enemy 1________ （kill）his three brothers. Their heart-broken mother receives
the news about all her dead sons on the same day. The US Army 2 ________ （decide）to find Ryan and bring him home. A group of men are sent into the French countryside to try to find the fourth brother .The rescue team 3 ________ （be） led by Captain Miller，a hero and survivor of the Omaha Beach battle.
At the beginning of the film，the audience 4 ________（be）thrown into an incredible sequence of approximately 30 minutes，depicting the landings in Normandy. They see the full horror of war，and the chaos and senseless waste of life.
Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable war film and，also，a story of courage and sacrifice. It’s my favourite film and my family 5 ________ （love）watching it，too. The message of the film is simple—we want peace；we don’t want war.
kills
decides
is
are
love
Write a short review of a film you have seen on the theme of war. Pay attention to subject-verb agreement.
Assembly opens with a smoke-filled，bullet-ridden scene that seems to grab the audience’s breath at every turn. While waiting for the rally call to be sounded，Gu Zidi and his brothers fight bravely against the enemy，finally leaving him alone. The first half of the story is a wonderful combination of intense battle scenes and the second half of the story is a wonderful combination of the minds of those returning from the battlefield.
主谓一致（1）
1 主谓一致的概念和原则
（1）概念：主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上要与主语保持一致。
（ 2）原则：主谓一致主要遵循三个原则，即意义一致原则、语法一致原则和就近一致原则。
2 意义一致原则及其具体应用
意义一致原则是指从意义层面来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式；而有时主语形式上是复数，但表达单数意义，那么谓语动词要用单数形式。
（ 1）集体名词作主语，如果指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有 army，audience，class，club，committee，company，crowd，family，group，government，party，majority，minority，organisation，public，staff，
team，military 等。
The committee is made up of ten members.该委员会由 10 名成员组成。
The committee were in the hall. 委员们在大厅内。
单元语法
【误区警示】
（1） 有些有生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。常见的这类名词有 cattle，people，police 等。
The people in the city are very friendly. 这个城市的人都很友好。
（2） 无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。常见的这类名词有 baggage，equipment，scenery，clothing，furniture，machinery，jewellery 等。
Much of her jewellery was missing. 她的许多珠宝丢失了。
（ 2）由 and 或 both...and 连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
Jim and Mary are specialists in cancer research.吉姆和玛丽是癌症研究专家。
Both Mark and his parents are sitting in the shade of a tree.马克和他父母都坐在树荫下。
【误区警示】
当and 连接的两个名词在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。这时 and 后的名词前不加冠词。
The writer and poet has been dead for two years.那位诗人作家已经去世两年了。
A knife and fork is on the table. 桌子上有副刀叉。
（ 3）“all/most/half/plenty/some/the rest + of + 名词 / 代词”或“分数 /百分数 + of + 名词 / 代词”作主语时，若of 后的名词或代词为单数形式，谓语动词就用单数形式；若of 后的名词或代词为复数形式，谓语动词就用复数形式。
All of the students have seen the drama.所有的学生都看过这部戏剧了。
The rest of the money is locked in the safe. 其余的钱锁在保险箱里。
The rest of the farmers are still poor. 其余的农民还很穷。
【误区警示】
当 all，most，half，plenty，some，the rest，what 等单独作主语时，主谓一致要遵循意义一致原则，即如果所指为单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式；如果所指为复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。
All was silent. 万籁俱寂。
All were silent. 大家都沉默着。
（ 4）“a number of + 可数名词复数”（许多……）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of + 可数名词复数”（……的数量）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of reasons lead to the change of climate.很多原因导致气候变化。
The number of the students in our class is 30.我们班的学生人数是30。
（ 5）none 作主语时，如果指代可数名词，谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式；如果指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
None has/have been found. 一个也没有找到。
None of the money in the drawer is mine.抽屉里的钱没有一点儿是我的。
（ 6）表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Twenty years is a long time in one’s life.20 年在人的一生中是一段很长的时间。
（ 7）以 -s 结尾的书刊名、组织名、国家名以及以 -ics 结尾的学科名等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The United Nations is a world organization.联合国是一个世界性组织。
【误区警示】
以 -s 结尾的群岛、瀑布、山脉等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.
尼亚加拉大瀑布也许是世界上最著名的瀑布。
（ 8）单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据句意确定。常见的这类词有 sheep，deer，fish，crossroads，means，series，species，works（工厂）等。
A sheep is dying. 有只绵羊要死了。
Many sheep are eating grass on the hillside. 许多绵羊在山坡上吃草。
（ 9）“the + 形容词 / 分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示某个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.富人赞成这一决定，但是穷人反对它。
The injured was a young man. 伤者是一个年轻人。
The beautiful is not always useful. 好看的并不总是有用的。
单句语法填空
（1）Our class ______________（consist） of forty students and the class ______________（study）English now.
（2）My family ______________（be） a big one and my family ______________（be） all music lovers.
（3）The company ______________（set） up last year and the company ______________（be）mostly young men.
（4）The police ______________（look） into the accident at present.
（5）Warm clothing ______________（be） necessary in cold climates.
（6）All the furniture ______________（move） to another room already.
consists
are studying
is
are
was set
are
are looking
is
has been moved　
（7）Both bread and butter ______________（sell）out in that grocery.
（8）Bread and butter ______________（be） what we usually have for breakfast.
（9）The singer and dancer ______________（say） to come from Shanghai.
（10）The teaching results show that most of the students ______________（be） willing to accept this teaching form.
（11）Fifty percent of my task ______________（do）so far.
（12）Up to now fifty percent of the students______________（pass） the exam.
（13）Two thirds of the workers ______________（be）women here.
（14）A number of students ______________（be）absent yesterday.
were sold
is
is said
are
has been done
have passed
are
were
（15）The number of pages in this book ______________（be） nine hundred.
（16）None of the money in the pocket ______________（be） his.
（17）He said none of the pens ______________（be）mine.
（18）Eighty dollars ______________（be） enough for her to buy the boots she wants.
（19）Physics ______________（be） an important subject in the middle school.
（20）The two crossroads ______________（be）dangerous.
（21）Every means ______________（have） been tried，but he hasn’t got the solution.
（22）All means ______________（have） been tried，but the result is disappointing.
（23）Three people are injured in the accident. The injured __________________（rush） to the hospital.
（24）The truth ______________（look） less attractive than the false.
is
is
were/was
is
is
are
has
have
have been rushed
looks
完成句子
（25）As a result of the serious flood，two thirds of the buildings ________________　（需要维修）in the area.
（26）More than two thirds of the students______________（已看过） the film already.
（27）It was Sunday and most of the shops ______________（关门）.
（28）We need to make sure that all of our equipment_________________（已检查）.
（29）The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials，the rest of which ______________（节省下来） for other purposes.
（30）A number of brick houses _________________（被毁） during the earthquake.
（31）The young _____________（心甘情愿） find the unknown which _____________（正引起） much trouble.
（32）The British ______________（以……而自豪） their sense of humour.
need repairing
have seen
were shut
has been checked
were saved
were destroyed
are willing to
is causing
are proud of
THE END

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