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Period Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Part 1　Reading Comprehension——通文本
Step Ⅰ　Read for the main idea
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1　A.The four countries of the UK.
Para.2 B.How the UK came into being.
Para.3 C.The four groups of people in the history.
Para.4 D.Introduce the topic to the readers.
Para.5 E.The history and modern culture make the UK fascinating.
答案　Para.1 D　Para.2 B　Para.3 A　Para.4 C　Para.5 E
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
Read the text carefully and finish the following exercises.
1.When did the name “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland” begin to appear
A.In the 16th century. 　 B.In the 18th century.
C.In the 19th century. 　 D.In the 20th century.
2.Which of the following is NOT part of the UK
A.England. B.Scotland.
C.Northern Ireland. D.Southern Ireland.
3.What do the UK’s four countries have in common
A.They share the same national day.
B.They share the same military defence.
C.They have a common legal system.
D.They have a common sports team.
4.Which invaders influenced the UK’s language most
A.The Anglo－Saxons. B.The Romans.
C.The Normans. D.The Vikings.
5.Which group of people made changes to the legal system of the UK
A.The Romans. B.The Vikings.
C.The Normans. D.The Anglo－Saxons.
答案　1.D　2.D　3.B　4.A　5.C
6.What makes people confused
What__these__different__names__mean：the__United__Kingdom，Great__Britain，Britain，England.
7.To solve the puzzle，what should people do
Try__to__know__a__little__bit__about__British__history.
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How does the writer develop Paragraph 3
A.By expressing some personal opinions.
B.By using a couple of quotes.
C.By referring to a social phenomenon.
D.By making some comparisons.
2.What’s the writer’s attitude towards studying the history
A.Neutral. B.Indifferent.
C.Favorable. D.Doubtful.
3.Who might be the target reader of this passage
A.Teachers. B.Students.
C.Tourists. D.Guides.
答案　1.D　2.C　3.C
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.Imagine you are a tour guide for visitors to the UK，make a brief introduction of British history in four parts: history of four groups of ruling people；history of how the UK gets its full name；the similarities and differences between four countries nowadays；the significance of studying the British history.(Critical thinking)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
2.Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it？(Creative thinking)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Step Ⅴ　Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
[句式分析]　本句是简单句。known as意思是“作为……而闻名”，为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰flag。as well as意思是“同(一样也)；和；还”。
尝试翻译：像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。Almost everywhere you go in the UK 是地点状语从句；who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语；短语took over意思是“接管”。
尝试翻译：在英国，你走到哪里，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四个不同的民族在不同时期统治着英国。
3.The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。to start是不定式作后置定语；as引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代port city；后面的dating all the way back to Roman Times“追溯到罗马时代”，为现在分词短语作后置定语。
尝试翻译：首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
4.If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句，体现“主将从现”的原则；that引导宾语从句。
尝试翻译：如果用心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
Step Ⅵ　Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
According to British history，Wales was the first country to be joined 1.to the Kingdom of England，which happened in the 16th century.Later，Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland 2.was__added(add) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.In the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland 3.broke(break) away from the UK，4.which resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，whose 5.shortened(shorten) name is “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.The four countries of the UK use 6.the same flag as well as the same currency and military defence.However，they also have some 7.differences(different)，like different legal systems.Studying the history of the UK will make your visit much more 8.enjoyable(enjoy).The capital city London is a great place 9.to__start(start)，as it is an ancient port city that has a history 10.dating(date) all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.
Part 2　Language Points——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.the chief cause of poverty贫穷的主要原因
2.go fishing in the lake nearby去附近的湖里钓鱼
3.the exact location of his home他家的确切位置
4.at the sight of the fascinating scenery
一看到那迷人的景色
5.cause harm to the individual and society
对个人和社会造成伤害
6.in the battle to rid the world of hunger
在摆脱世界饥饿的斗争中
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.cemetery n.墓地；公墓
2.philosophy n.哲学
3.currency n.通货；货币
4.military adj.军事的；军用的
5.conquer vt.占领；征服；控制
6.port n.港口(城市)
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑
puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
2.belong vi.应在(某处)；适应
belongings n.财产；所有物
3.defence n.防御；保卫
defend v.防守；防御；保护；辩护
4.legal adj.法律的；合法的
illegal adj.非法的
5.surround vt.围绕；包围
surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n.(复数)周围的事物；环境
6.evidence n.证据；证明
evident adj.明显的；清楚的
7.location n.地方；地点；位置
locate vt.位于；确定……的位置
located adj.位于；坐落于
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.break__away__(from__sb/sth) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
2.belong__to属于
3.as__well__as同(一样也)；和；还
4.result__in 导致；造成
5.join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来
6.refer to...as...把……称为……
7.be similar to和……相似
8.as to关于；至于
9.be confused by被……迷惑；被……弄糊涂
10.leave behind留下
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：动名词短语作主语
[原句]　Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
了解一点儿英国历史将帮助你解决这个困惑。
仿写：另外，养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地改进你的学习。
What’s more，developing__a__good__habit__of__learning can help you improve your learning effectively.
2.句型公式：the way作先行词的定语从句
[原句]　They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.
他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
仿写：坦率地说，有一系列对我们英语学习很有益的方法。
Frankly speaking，there are a wide range of ways that/which__are__of__great__benefit__to our English learning.(2022·全国乙卷)
3.句型公式：have sth done
[原句]　They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
仿写：他修房顶的时候，摔断了腿，这让大家很担心他。
He had__his__leg__broken while restoring the roof，which made everyone concerned about him.
4.句型公式：“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
[原句]　Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史会让你的英国之旅更为愉快。
仿写：那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他的声音。
The teacher raised his voice to make__himself__heard.
1.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 vi.对……苦苦思索
·puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的 (常用来修饰人或人的表情等)
·puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)
[佳句背诵]　What puzzled me was why they didn’t take his advice.(心理描写)
使我迷惑不解的是他们为何不接受他的忠告。
(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索
a puzzle to sb 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(2)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
[名师点津]　puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等状态类过去分词就是形容词，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全语段
When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question，she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)
Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us.
People have long puzzled about/over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
I was__puzzling__about/over how to solve__the__puzzling__problem when my mother entered my bedroom with a smile.Learning that I__was__puzzled，my mother patted me on the shoulder and taught me patiently.
当我母亲微笑着走进我的卧室时，我正苦思如何解决这个令人费解的问题。当知道我很困惑时，妈妈拍着我的肩膀，耐心地教我。
2.belong vi.应在(某处)；适应；属于
·belonging n.稳定关系；归属感
·belongings n.财产，所有物
[佳句背诵]　She belongs to those who lose temper easily and are difficult to get along with.(人物介绍)
她属于那种容易发脾气又很难相处的人。
(1)belong to　　　　　　属于
(2)a sense of belonging 归属感
[名师点津]　belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。该短语常使用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
As is known to us all，China is a country belonging(belong) to the third world.
Keep in mind that you should carry all your belongings(belong) before getting off the bus.
At the new school it was due to our head teacher’s kindness that we gained__a__sense__of__belonging.(人物介绍)
在新学校，由于班主任的善良，我们获得了一种归属感。
3.break away(from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱
[佳句背诵]　Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.(心理描写)
只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系且不再与他们联系是多么的傻。
break down　　出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；
发生(无被动语态)
break up 解体；分拆；驱散；分手
[活学巧用]　补全句子/翻译句子
My dog suddenly broke__away__from__me，charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(动作描写)
我的狗突然从我身边挣脱出来，冲到门口，开始猛烈地吠叫。
爸爸开的卡车经常在路上抛锚，这让我爸爸陷入了麻烦之中。(2021·浙江6月卷)
The__truck__my__dad__drove__often__broke__down__on__the__way，which__made__my__dad__in__trouble.
4.as well as同(一样也)；和；还
[佳句背诵]　I have a good command of English as well as rich experience in being a volunteer.(申请信，全国Ⅰ卷)
我精通英语，也有做志愿者的丰富经验。
(1)as well as在功能上相当于介词，后接名词或动名词，尤其位于句首时，相当于besides，in addition to，意为：除……之外，还。
(2)as well as在功能上相当于连词，连接两个相同的成分。连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，意为：和；也；不仅……而且……。
(3)as well as用于同级比较，意为：和……一样好。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Your wife as well as you is friendly to me，for which I am very grateful.
As well as eating(eat) five－course meals，they drank seven bottles of wine.
Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercise can__you__keep__your__figure__as__well__as__stay__healthy.(建议信)
只有通过均衡饮食，规律锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。
5.surround vt.围绕；包围；身边有
·surrounding adj.周围的
·surroundings n.周围的事物；环境
[佳句背诵]　At the foot of the hill lies our newly－built farm，with many trees surrounding it.(环境描写，全国Ⅱ卷)
在山脚下坐落着我们新建的农场，周围绿树环绕。
surround...with...　　 　用……把……围住
surround oneself with... 喜欢结交(某类人)；
喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Surrounded (surround) by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.(环境描写，全国Ⅱ卷)
In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new surroundings (surround) soon.
The surrounding(surround) villages are bathed in fascinating moonlight，which almost takes our breath away.(环境描写)
The small town is surrounded__by/with__green__mountains__and__clear__rivers and the__beautiful__surroundings attract visitors from all over the world.
这个小镇被青山绿水环绕，美丽的环境吸引了来自世界各地的游客。
1.They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
句型公式|have sth done
(1)使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)
(2)遭遇某种不幸的事情
[佳句背诵]　I intended to take up a part－time job，through which I can have my horizons broadened.(全国Ⅰ卷)
我打算做兼职工作，通过它可以扩大我的视野。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
The patient is going to have his temperature taken (take).
He fell off the tree and had his leg broken (break).
Unfortunately，his right leg was injured during the training.
→Unfortunately，he__had__his__right__leg__injured during the training.
2.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史会让你的英国之旅更为愉快。
句型公式|“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(1)此结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。
(2)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。
[佳句背诵]　
Keeping on his feet，the boy made himself more tired.(动作描写)
那男孩一直站着，让自己更累了。
However，the high－speed train has made it much more convenient for them to go back home.
然而，高铁使他们回家更方便。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
He couldn’t make himself heard (hear) above the noise of the traffic.
People in the West make it a rule to__buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
The oldness and uniqueness of the Great Wall make it a popular tourist__attraction for Chinese and foreign tourists.(景点介绍)
长城的古老和独特使得它成为受中外游客欢迎的旅游胜地。(共47张PPT)
Period Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
UNIT 4　HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
Reading Comprehension——通文本
Language Points——析考点
///////////////////
Part 1
Part 2
///////////////////
Step Ⅰ　Read for the main idea
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A.The four countries of the UK.
Para.2 B.How the UK came into being.
Para.3 C.The four groups of people in the history.
Para.4 D.Introduce the topic to the readers.
Para.5 E.The history and modern culture make the UK fascinating.
答案　Para.1 D　Para.2 B　Para.3 A　Para.4 C　Para.5 E
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
Read the text carefully and finish the following exercises.
1.When did the name “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland” begin to appear
A.In the 16th century.
B.In the 18th century.
C.In the 19th century.
D.In the 20th century.
√
2.Which of the following is NOT part of the UK
A.England.
B.Scotland.
C.Northern Ireland.
D.Southern Ireland.
√
3.What do the UK’s four countries have in common
A.They share the same national day.
B.They share the same military defence.
C.They have a common legal system.
D.They have a common sports team.
√
4.Which invaders influenced the UK’s language most
A.The Anglo－Saxons. B.The Romans.
C.The Normans. D.The Vikings.
√
5.Which group of people made changes to the legal system of the UK
A.The Romans.
B.The Vikings.
C.The Normans.
D.The Anglo－Saxons.
√
6.What makes people confused
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7.To solve the puzzle，what should people do
___________________________________________________________________
What these different names mean：the United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England.
Try to know a little bit about British history.
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How does the writer develop Paragraph 3
A.By expressing some personal opinions.
B.By using a couple of quotes.
C.By referring to a social phenomenon.
D.By making some comparisons.
√
2.What’s the writer’s attitude towards studying the history
A.Neutral. B.Indifferent.
C.Favorable. D.Doubtful.
3.Who might be the target reader of this passage
A.Teachers. B.Students.
C.Tourists. D.Guides.
√
√
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.Imagine you are a tour guide for visitors to the UK，make a brief introduction of British history in four parts: history of four groups of ruling people；history of how the UK gets its full name；the similarities and differences between four countries nowadays；the significance of studying the British history.
(Critical thinking)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it？(Creative thinking)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step Ⅴ　Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
[句式分析]　本句是简单句。known as意思是“作为……而闻名”，为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰flag。as well as意思是“同(一样也)；和；还”。
尝试翻译：________________________________________________________
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。Almost everywhere you go in the UK 是地点状语从句；who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语；短语took over意思是“接管”。
尝试翻译：________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
在英国，你走到哪里，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四个不同的民族在不同时期统治着英国。
3.The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。to start是不定式作后置定语；as引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代port city；后面的dating all the way back to Roman Times“追溯到罗马时代”，为现在分词短语作后置定语。
尝试翻译：________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。
4.If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句，体现“主将从现”的原则；that引导宾语从句。
尝试翻译：________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
如果用心去观察，英国的过去和现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
Step Ⅵ　Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
According to British history，Wales was the first country to be joined 1.____________ the Kingdom of England，which happened in the 16th century.Later，Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland 2.____________(add) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.In the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland 3.________________(break) away from the UK，4.____________ resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain
to
was added
broke
which
and Northern Ireland，whose 5.____________(shorten) name is “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.The four countries of the UK use 6.____________ same flag as well as the same currency and military defence.However，they also have some 7.__________________(different)，like different legal systems.Studying the history of the UK will make your visit much more 8._________________(enjoy). The capital city London is a great place 9.______________(start)，as it is an ancient port city that has a history 10.____________(date) all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.
shortened
the
differences
enjoyable
to start
dating
Language Points——析考点
Part 2
夯实　语言基础
精析　核心要点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.the ____________ cause of poverty贫穷的主要原因
2.go fishing in the lake ____________去附近的湖里钓鱼
3.the exact ____________ of his home他家的确切位置
4.at the sight of the ____________ scenery一看到那迷人的景色
5.cause harm to the ____________ and society对个人和社会造成伤害
6.in the ____________ to rid the world of hunger在摆脱世界饥饿的斗争中
chief
nearby
location
fascinating
individual
battle
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.cemetery n. ________________
2.philosophy n. ________________
3.currency n. ________________
4.military adj. ________________
5.conquer vt. __________________
6.port n. ________________
墓地；公墓
哲学
通货；货币
军事的；军用的
占领；征服；控制
港口(城市)
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.____________ n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑
puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
2.____________ vi.应在(某处)；适应
belongings n.财产；所有物
3.____________ n.防御；保卫
defend v.防守；防御；保护；辩护
puzzle
belong
defence
4.____________ adj.法律的；合法的
illegal adj.非法的
5.____________ vt.围绕；包围
surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n.(复数)周围的事物；环境
6.____________ n.证据；证明
evident adj.明显的；清楚的
7.____________ n.地方；地点；位置
locate vt.位于；确定……的位置
located adj.位于；坐落于
legal
surround
evidence
location
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.________________________脱离；背叛；逃脱
2.________________属于
3.________________同(一样也)；和；还
4.________________导致；造成
break away (from sb/sth)
belong to
as well as
result in
5.join...to...　　　　　 _____________________________
6.refer to...as... _________________
7.be similar to ________________
8.as to ________________
9.be confused by ___________________________
10.leave behind ________________
把……和……连接或联结起来
把……称为……
和……相似
关于；至于
被……迷惑；被……弄糊涂
留下
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：动名词短语作主语
[原句]　Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
了解一点儿英国历史将帮助你解决这个困惑。
仿写：另外，养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地改进你的学习。
What’s more，___________________________________________________
can help you improve your learning effectively.
developing a good habit of learning
2.句型公式：the way作先行词的定语从句
[原句]　They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.
他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
仿写：坦率地说，有一系列对我们英语学习很有益的方法。
Frankly speaking，there are a wide range of ways ____________________
_________________________________ our English learning.(2022·全国乙卷)
that/which are of great benefit to
3.句型公式：have sth done
[原句]　They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
仿写：他修房顶的时候，摔断了腿，这让大家很担心他。
He ______________________________ while restoring the roof，which made everyone concerned about him.
had his leg broken
4.句型公式：“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
[原句]　Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史会让你的英国之旅更为愉快。
仿写：那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他的声音。
The teacher raised his voice to ______________________________________.
make himself heard
1.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 vi.对……苦苦思索
·puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的 (常用来修饰人或人的表情等)
·puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)
[佳句背诵]　What puzzled me was why they didn’t take his advice.(心理描写)
使我迷惑不解的是他们为何不接受他的忠告。
(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索
a puzzle to sb 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(2)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
[名师点津]　puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等状态类过去分词就是形容词，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全语段
When the little girl was asked such a ____________ question，she stood there with a ____________ look on her face.(puzzle)
Where the missing plane has gone still remains ____________ puzzle to us.
People have long puzzled ____________ how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
puzzling
puzzled
a
about/over
I __________________________ how to ___________________________ when my mother entered my bedroom with a smile.Learning that __________________，my mother patted me on the shoulder and taught me patiently.
当我母亲微笑着走进我的卧室时，我正苦思如何解决这个令人费解的问题。当知道我很困惑时，妈妈拍着我的肩膀，耐心地教我。
was puzzling about/over
solve the puzzling problem
I was puzzled
2.belong vi.应在(某处)；适应；属于
·belonging n.稳定关系；归属感
·belongings n.财产，所有物
[佳句背诵]　She belongs to those who lose temper easily and are difficult to get along with.(人物介绍)
她属于那种容易发脾气又很难相处的人。
(1)belong to属于
(2)a sense of belonging 归属感
[名师点津]　belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。该短语常使用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
As is known to us all，China is a country ____________(belong) to the third world.
Keep in mind that you should carry all your ____________(belong) before getting off the bus.
At the new school it was due to our head teacher’s kindness that we
_______________________________________________________.(人物介绍)
在新学校，由于班主任的善良，我们获得了一种归属感。
belonging
belongings
gained a sense of belonging
3.break away(from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱
[佳句背诵]　Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.(心理描写)
只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系且不再与他们联系是多么的傻。
break down　　出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)
break up 解体；分拆；驱散；分手
[活学巧用]　补全句子/翻译句子
My dog suddenly ________________________________________，charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(动作描写)
我的狗突然从我身边挣脱出来，冲到门口，开始猛烈地吠叫。
爸爸开的卡车经常在路上抛锚，这让我爸爸陷入了麻烦之中。
(2021·浙江6月卷)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
broke away from me
The truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble.
4.as well as同(一样也)；和；还
[佳句背诵]　I have a good command of English as well as rich experience in being a volunteer.(申请信，全国Ⅰ卷)
我精通英语，也有做志愿者的丰富经验。
(1)as well as在功能上相当于介词，后接名词或动名词，尤其位于句首时，相当于besides，in addition to，意为：除……之外，还。
(2)as well as在功能上相当于连词，连接两个相同的成分。连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，意为：和；也；不仅……而且……。
(3)as well as用于同级比较，意为：和……一样好。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Your wife as well as you ____________ friendly to me，for which I am very grateful.
As well as ____________(eat) five－course meals，they drank seven bottles of wine.
Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercise
__________________________________________________________.(建议信)
只有通过均衡饮食，规律锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。
is
eating
can you keep your figure as well as stay healthy
5.surround vt.围绕；包围；身边有
·surrounding adj.周围的
·surroundings n.周围的事物；环境
[佳句背诵]　At the foot of the hill lies our newly－built farm，with many trees surrounding it.(环境描写，全国Ⅱ卷)
在山脚下坐落着我们新建的农场，周围绿树环绕。
surround...with...　用……把……围住
surround oneself with... 喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
____________ (surround) by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.(环境描写，全国Ⅱ卷)
In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new ________________ (surround) soon.
The _______________(surround) villages are bathed in fascinating moonlight，which almost takes our breath away.(环境描写)
Surrounded
surroundings
surrounding
The small town ____________________________________________________
and ________________________________________ attract visitors from all over the world.
这个小镇被青山绿水环绕，美丽的环境吸引了来自世界各地的游客。
is surrounded by/with green mountains and clear rivers
the beautiful surroundings
1.They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
句型公式|have sth done
(1)使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)
(2)遭遇某种不幸的事情
[佳句背诵]　I intended to take up a part－time job，through which I can have my horizons broadened.(全国Ⅰ卷)
我打算做兼职工作，通过它可以扩大我的视野。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
The patient is going to have his temperature ____________ (take).
He fell off the tree and had his leg ___________________ (break).
Unfortunately，his right leg was injured during the training.
→Unfortunately，___________________________________________
during the training.
taken
broken
he had his right leg injured
2.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史会让你的英国之旅更为愉快。
句型公式|“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(1)此结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。
(2)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。
[佳句背诵]　
Keeping on his feet，the boy made himself more tired.(动作描写)
那男孩一直站着，让自己更累了。
However，the high－speed train has made it much more convenient for them to go back home.
然而，高铁使他们回家更方便。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
He couldn’t make himself ____________ (hear) above the noise of the traffic.
People in the West make it a rule ____________ (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
The oldness and uniqueness of the Great Wall ___________________________
________________________________ for Chinese and foreign tourists.(景点介绍)
长城的古老和独特使得它成为受中外游客欢迎的旅游胜地。
heard
to buy
make it a popular
tourist attractionPeriod Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking
Part 1　Reading Comprehension——通文本
Step Ⅰ　Read for the main idea
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1　A.The four countries of the UK.
Para.2 B.How the UK came into being.
Para.3 C.The four groups of people in the history.
Para.4 D.Introduce the topic to the readers.
Para.5 E.The history and modern culture make the UK fascinating.
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
Read the text carefully and finish the following exercises.
1.When did the name “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland” begin to appear
A.In the 16th century.
B.In the 18th century.
C.In the 19th century.
D.In the 20th century.
2.Which of the following is NOT part of the UK
A.England.
B.Scotland.
C.Northern Ireland.
D.Southern Ireland.
3.What do the UK’s four countries have in common
A.They share the same national day.
B.They share the same military defence.
C.They have a common legal system.
D.They have a common sports team.
4.Which invaders influenced the UK’s language most
A.The Anglo－Saxons. B.The Romans.
C.The Normans. D.The Vikings.
5.Which group of people made changes to the legal system of the UK
A.The Romans.
B.The Vikings.
C.The Normans.
D.The Anglo－Saxons.
6.What makes people confused
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
7.To solve the puzzle，what should people do
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.How does the writer develop Paragraph 3
A.By expressing some personal opinions.
B.By using a couple of quotes.
C.By referring to a social phenomenon.
D.By making some comparisons.
2.What’s the writer’s attitude towards studying the history
A.Neutral. B.Indifferent.
C.Favorable. D.Doubtful.
3.Who might be the target reader of this passage
A.Teachers. B.Students.
C.Tourists. D.Guides.
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.Imagine you are a tour guide for visitors to the UK，make a brief introduction of British history in four parts: history of four groups of ruling people；history of how the UK gets its full name；the similarities and differences between four countries nowadays；the significance of studying the British history.(Critical thinking)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2.Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it？(Creative thinking)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Step Ⅴ　Sentence－learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
[句式分析]　本句是简单句。known as意思是“作为……而闻名”，为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰flag。as well as意思是“同(一样也)；和；还”。
尝试翻译：__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
2.Almost everywhere you go in the UK，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。Almost everywhere you go in the UK 是地点状语从句；who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语；短语took over意思是“接管”。
尝试翻译：__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3.The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。to start是不定式作后置定语；as引导原因状语从句；that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代port city；后面的dating all the way back to Roman Times“追溯到罗马时代”，为现在分词短语作后置定语。
尝试翻译：__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4.If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
[句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。if引导条件状语从句，体现“主将从现”的原则；that引导宾语从句。
尝试翻译：__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Step Ⅵ　Post－reading
Fill in the blanks according to the text.
According to British history，Wales was the first country to be joined 1.____________ the Kingdom of England，which happened in the 16th century.Later，Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland 2.____________(add) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.In the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland 3.________________(break) away from the UK，4.____________ resulted in the full name we have today：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland，whose 5.____________(shorten) name is “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”.The four countries of the UK use 6.____________ same flag as well as the same currency and military defence.However，they also have some 7.________(different)，like different legal systems.Studying the history of the UK will make your visit much more 8.____________(enjoy).The capital city London is a great place 9.____________(start)，as it is an ancient port city that has a history 10.________(date) all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.
Part 2　Language Points——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.the ____________ cause of poverty
贫穷的主要原因
2.go fishing in the lake ____________
去附近的湖里钓鱼
3.the exact ____________ of his home
他家的确切位置
4.at the sight of the ____________ scenery
一看到那迷人的景色
5.cause harm to the ____________ and society
对个人和社会造成伤害
6.in the ____________ to rid the world of hunger
在摆脱世界饥饿的斗争中
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.cemetery n. ________________
2.philosophy n. ________________
3.currency n. ________________
4.military adj. ________________
5.conquer vt. ________________
6.port n. ________________
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.____________ n.谜；智力游戏；疑问
vt.迷惑；使困惑
puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
2.____________ vi.应在(某处)；适应
belongings n.财产；所有物
3.____________ n.防御；保卫
defend v.防守；防御；保护；辩护
4.____________ adj.法律的；合法的
illegal adj.非法的
5.____________ vt.围绕；包围
surrounding adj.周围的
surroundings n.(复数)周围的事物；环境
6.____________ n.证据；证明
evident adj.明显的；清楚的
7.____________ n.地方；地点；位置
locate vt.位于；确定……的位置
located adj.位于；坐落于
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.________________脱离；背叛；逃脱
2.________________属于
3.________________同(一样也)；和；还
4.________________导致；造成
5.join...to...　　　　　　________________
6.refer to...as... ________________
7.be similar to ________________
8.as to ________________
9.be confused by ________________
10.leave behind ________________
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：动名词短语作主语
[原句]　Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
了解一点儿英国历史将帮助你解决这个困惑。
仿写：另外，养成良好的学习习惯能帮助你有效地改进你的学习。
What’s more，___________________________________________________
______________________________________________ can help you improve your learning effectively.
2.句型公式：the way作先行词的定语从句
[原句]　They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.
他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
仿写：坦率地说，有一系列对我们英语学习很有益的方法。
Frankly speaking，there are a wide range of ways __________________________________________________________
our English learning.(2022·全国乙卷)
3.句型公式：have sth done
[原句]　They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
仿写：他修房顶的时候，摔断了腿，这让大家很担心他。
He __________________________________________________________
while restoring the roof，which made everyone concerned about him.
4.句型公式：“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
[原句]　Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史会让你的英国之旅更为愉快。
仿写：那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他的声音。
The teacher raised his voice to ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
1.puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑 vi.对……苦苦思索
·puzzled adj.困惑的；迷惑不解的 (常用来修饰人或人的表情等)
·puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)
[佳句背诵]　What puzzled me was why they didn’t take his advice.(心理描写)
使我迷惑不解的是他们为何不接受他的忠告。
(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索
a puzzle to sb 一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(2)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
[名师点津]　puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等状态类过去分词就是形容词，除了可以用来描述人的心理活动以外，还可以用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，smile，expression，face等。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全语段
When the little girl was asked such a ____________ question，she stood there with a ____________ look on her face.(puzzle)
Where the missing plane has gone still remains ____________ puzzle to us.
People have long puzzled ____________ how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
I __________________________________________________________ how to __________________________________________ when my mother entered my bedroom with a smile.Learning that ____________________________________，
my mother patted me on the shoulder and taught me patiently.
当我母亲微笑着走进我的卧室时，我正苦思如何解决这个令人费解的问题。当知道我很困惑时，妈妈拍着我的肩膀，耐心地教我。
2.belong vi.应在(某处)；适应；属于
·belonging n.稳定关系；归属感
·belongings n.财产，所有物
[佳句背诵]　She belongs to those who lose temper easily and are difficult to get along with.(人物介绍)
她属于那种容易发脾气又很难相处的人。
(1)belong to　　　　　　属于
(2)a sense of belonging 归属感
[名师点津]　belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态。该短语常使用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
As is known to us all，China is a country ____________(belong) to the third world.
Keep in mind that you should carry all your ____________(belong) before getting off the bus.
At the new school it was due to our head teacher’s kindness that we __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.
(人物介绍)
在新学校，由于班主任的善良，我们获得了一种归属感。
3.break away(from sb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱
[佳句背诵]　Only then did I realize that it was so foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.(心理描写)
只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系且不再与他们联系是多么的傻。
break down　　出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；
发生(无被动语态)
break up 解体；分拆；驱散；分手
[活学巧用]　补全句子/翻译句子
My dog suddenly ________________________________________，charged at the door and began to bark fiercely.(动作描写)
我的狗突然从我身边挣脱出来，冲到门口，开始猛烈地吠叫。
爸爸开的卡车经常在路上抛锚，这让我爸爸陷入了麻烦之中。(2021·浙江6月卷)
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
4.as well as同(一样也)；和；还
[佳句背诵]　I have a good command of English as well as rich experience in being a volunteer.(申请信，全国Ⅰ卷)
我精通英语，也有做志愿者的丰富经验。
(1)as well as在功能上相当于介词，后接名词或动名词，尤其位于句首时，相当于besides，in addition to，意为：除……之外，还。
(2)as well as在功能上相当于连词，连接两个相同的成分。连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词应与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，意为：和；也；不仅……而且……。
(3)as well as用于同级比较，意为：和……一样好。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Your wife as well as you ____________ friendly to me，for which I am very grateful.
As well as ____________(eat) five－course meals，they drank seven bottles of wine.
Only by means of balanced diets and regular exercise _________________
__________________________________________________________.
(建议信)
只有通过均衡饮食，规律锻炼，你才能既保持体形又保持健康。
5.surround vt.围绕；包围；身边有
·surrounding adj.周围的
·surroundings n.周围的事物；环境
[佳句背诵]　At the foot of the hill lies our newly－built farm，with many trees surrounding it.(环境描写，全国Ⅱ卷)
在山脚下坐落着我们新建的农场，周围绿树环绕。
surround...with...　　 　用……把……围住
surround oneself with... 喜欢结交(某类人)；
喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
be surrounded by/with... 被……包围
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
____________ (surround) by green trees，the farm is located at the foot of the hill near our school.(环境描写，全国Ⅱ卷)
In a word，you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the new ________ (surround) soon.
The ____________(surround) villages are bathed in fascinating moonlight，which almost takes our breath away.(环境描写)
The small town _________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
and _______________________________________________________
attract visitors from all over the world.
这个小镇被青山绿水环绕，美丽的环境吸引了来自世界各地的游客。
1.They had castles built all around England，and made changes to the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
句型公式|have sth done
(1)使某事被做(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能是让别人做)
(2)遭遇某种不幸的事情
[佳句背诵]　I intended to take up a part－time job，through which I can have my horizons broadened.(全国Ⅰ卷)
我打算做兼职工作，通过它可以扩大我的视野。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
The patient is going to have his temperature ____________ (take).
He fell off the tree and had his leg ___________________ (break).
Unfortunately，his right leg was injured during the training.
→Unfortunately，___________________________________________
___________________________________________ during the training.
2.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.
学习这个国家的历史会让你的英国之旅更为愉快。
句型公式|“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(1)此结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。
(2)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句后置。
[佳句背诵]　
Keeping on his feet，the boy made himself more tired.(动作描写)
那男孩一直站着，让自己更累了。
However，the high－speed train has made it much more convenient for them to go back home.
然而，高铁使他们回家更方便。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
He couldn’t make himself ____________ (hear) above the noise of the traffic.
People in the West make it a rule ________ (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
The oldness and uniqueness of the Great Wall ___________________ for Chinese and foreign tourists.(景点介绍)
长城的古老和独特使得它成为受中外游客欢迎的旅游胜地。

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