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高考英语例证题讲义
考察内容
例证题要求考生能够区分论点和论据，理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系，主要是考察考生通过段落、句子来推测文章的主旨、支持的观点等。
提问方式：
1.The case of…demonstrated that…
2.The author wants to prove the example of…
3.The example of…is used to show…
考察定位处的文章架构：
观点+例子（80%）/例子+观点
技巧：例子本身不重要，重要的是观点
干扰选项：例子本身
方法：例子用于定位，例子内容不看！
例子前后会出现观点句，只读观点句！
What is 例子？
例子标志：观点后经常有for instance, example, take...as an example, to illustrate, consider...
先例子后观点往后找提示词：therefore,thus。
例子、观点
What is a Fact
1. A fact is a statement that is ________.
2. Facts can be _________.
3. Anyone who is checking will find or see ________thing.
4. There can be _____________reasonable point of view.
What is an Opinion
1. An opinion is actually_______________.
2. Opinions tell how the writer ______________ about something.
3. Opinions express – ____________________
4. An opinion expresses feelings and depends on someone’s ________________.
练习：Facts or Opinions
1. The most wonderful thing about New York public school system is that it offers sex education. ( )
2. The Shopwell has more counters than the A&P. ( )
3. Beijing is the capital city of China. ( )
4. Every during the fall semester, an American studies course is offered on our campus. ( )
5. Portsmouth is a best place for a navy base. ( )
6. Water boils at 100 degree centigrade. ( )
7. Overweight people are lazy. ( )
8. It snows a lot in Canada in winter. ( )
9. An unhealthy diet can damage your health. ( )
10. Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies. ( )
11. I’m sure that time will only confirm what we feel deeply about each other. ( )
12. In last night’s class, Dr. John spoke on methods of teaching English. ( )
13.Three hundred and twenty-seven teachers from forty-nine schools attended the school-boarding meeting. ( )
14. Not enough people care about the political situation to ensure any change. ( )
15. It isn’t really music. It’s weird. It is definitely horrible stuff. ( )
课堂训练：
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.
The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
◇The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to
A. stress the urgency to strengthen secruity worldwide.
B. explain American’s tolerance to current security checks.
In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected.
The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.
◇By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to ______.
A.analyze the consequences of social epidemics
B.discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas
C.exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics
D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
According to the research, people in the growth group tend to generate more creative ideas than those in the fixed group. To illustrate, consider Thomas Edison. In the 19th century, Edison attempted to improve the light bulb and experimented with numerous materials. Over a thousand trials, he managed to discover an element sustaining light. A reporter once asked him,“It seems as though you’ve tried many times and continue to fail each time. Why is that ”Edison answered,“I have not failed. I’ve just found 10, 000 ways that won’t work.”
◇Why does the author take Thomas Edison as an example
A. Because he want to tell us his achievement.
B. Because he want to inform us that the growth group tend to generate more creative.
C. Because he want to illustrate that it is his persistence that makes him succeed.
D. Because he want to show us that the fixed group doesn’t have creative ideas.
In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are usually informed, persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.
◇By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to_________.
A. analyze the consequences of social epidemics.
B. discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.
C. exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics.
D. describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.
The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
◇What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
综合练习：
Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "We're really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren't designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury……
The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that ________.
　　[A] some injury claims were no longer supported by law
　　[B] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries
　　[C] product labels would eventually be discarded
　　[D] some sports games might lose popularity with athletes
“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist，Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_________.
A. the conditions for generating quick profits
B. governments’ impatience in decision-making
C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies
D. “short-termism” in economics activities
Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain
21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students' lack of ______.
[A] practical ability [B] academic training
[C] pioneering spirit [D] mechanical memorization(共30张PPT)
例证题
CONTENTS
考察内容
01
例子或观点
习题训练
03
02
01
考察内容
What is 例证题？
例证题要求考生能够区分论点和论据，理解文章的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系，主要是考察考生通过段落、句子来推测文章的主旨、支持的观点等。
提问方式：
1.The case of…demonstrated that…
2.The author wants to prove the example of…
3.The example of…is used to show…
考察定位处的文章架构：
观点+例子（80%）/例子+观点
技巧：例子本身不重要，重要的是观点
干扰选项：例子本身
方法：例子用于定位，例子内容不看！
例子前后会出现观点句，只读观点句！
What is 例子？
例子标志：观点后经常有for instance, example, take...as an example, to illustrate, consider...
先例子后观点往后找提示词：therefore,thus。
02
例子或观点
Can you distinguish between
facts and opinions
Opinions
Facts
Distingusihing opinions from facts
What is a Fact
1. A fact is a statement that is ________.
2. Facts can be _________.
3. Anyone who is checking will find or see ________thing.
4. There can be _____________reasonable point of view.
true
proved
the same
no other
What is an Opinion
1. An opinion is actually_______________.
2. Opinions tell how the writer ______________ about something.
3. Opinions express – ____________________
4. An opinion expresses feelings and depends on someone’s ________________.
a point of view
thinks or feels
a belief/ an idea/ a feeling
judgments /values
Common clue words for showing opinion:
What is an Opinion
1. Words that show one’s judgments or values:great
2. words that show that an opinion will follow: In my opinion
3. words that indicate uncertainty in a statement: probably
4. Words that predict the future: should
enjoy, nervous, best, beautiful, happy...
I believe, I am convinced that, From my point of view...
possbily, be likely, might, perhaps...
might, would, soon, if....
1. The most wonderful thing about New York public school system is that it offers sex education. ( )
2. The Shopwell has more counters than the A&P. ( )
3. Beijing is the capital city of China. ( )
4. Every during the fall semester, an American studies course is offered on our campus. ( )
5. Portsmouth is a best place for a navy base. ( )
6. Water boils at 100 degree centigrade. ( )
7. Overweight people are lazy. ( )
8. It snows a lot in Canada in winter. ( )
9. An unhealthy diet can damage your health. ( )
10. Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females, frequently have iron deficiencies. ( )
Facts or Opinions
O
F
F
F
O
F
O
F
O
F
11. I’m sure that time will only confirm what we feel deeply about each other. ( )
12. In last night’s class, Dr. John spoke on methods of teaching English. ( )
13.Three hundred and twenty-seven teachers from forty-nine schools attended the school-boarding meeting. ( )
14. Not enough people care about the political situation to ensure any change. ( )
15. It isn’t really music. It’s weird. It is definitely horrible stuff. ( )
Facts or Opinions
O
F
F
O
O
Looking for opinions
(1) Starfish are among the most wide-spread of marine animals. (2) In spite of their name, starfish are not really fish at all, since they are invertebrates and do not have backbones. (3) Starfish come in many colors and usually have five arms, or rays. (4) When starfish are dried out, they make beautiful ornaments and necklaces.
Which sentence is an opinion
Looking for opinions
(1) Starfish are among the most wide-spread of marine animals. (2) In spite of their name, starfish are not really fish at all, since they are invertebrates and do not have backbones. (3) Starfish come in many colors and usually have five arms, or rays. (4) When starfish are dried out, they make beautiful ornaments and necklaces.
Looking for opinions
Which sentence contains an opinion
Mario and I went camping last weekend.
We saw several wild animals.
C. The weather was terrible.
We had a hole in our tent.
Mario and I went camping last weekend. We saw several wild animals, including a snake and a fox. The weather was terrible. It rained every night. We had a hole in our tent, too.
C. The weather was terrible.
Looking for opinions
Which sentence contains an opinion
The dog jumps on people.
I’ve gone to dog-training lessons.
The dog knocked my boss over.
The dog is wonderful,but she makes my life difficult.
Although I’ve tried to train my dog not to jump on people, she persists in this habit. I’ve gone to dog training lessons. The trainer even works with her. When my boss came to my house, my dog knocked him down. She’s a wonderful dog, but she makes my life difficult.
The dog is wonderful,but she makes my life difficult.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.
The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
例子
观点
◇The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to
A. stress the urgency to strengthen secruity worldwide.
B. explain American’s tolerance to current security checks.
B
80%情况例子在观点后面！
In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well connected.
The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.
◇By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to ______.
A.analyze the consequences of social epidemics
B.discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas
C.exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics
D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
20%情况例子在观点前面！
观点
例子
B
According to the research, people in the growth group tend to generate more creative ideas than those in the fixed group. To illustrate, consider Thomas Edison. In the 19th century, Edison attempted to improve the light bulb and experimented with numerous materials. Over a thousand trials, he managed to discover an element sustaining light. A reporter once asked him,“It seems as though you’ve tried many times and continue to fail each time. Why is that ”Edison answered,“I have not failed. I’ve just found 10, 000 ways that won’t work.”
◇Why does the author take Thomas Edison as an example
A. Because he want to tell us his achievement.
B. Because he want to inform us that the growth group tend to generate more creative.
C. Because he want to illustrate that it is his persistence that makes him succeed.
D. Because he want to show us that the fixed group doesn’t have creative ideas.
According to the research, people in the growth group tend to generate more creative ideas than those in the fixed group.
To illustrate, consider Thomas Edison. In the 19th century, ...
◇Why does the author take Thomas Edison as an example
A. Because he want to tell us his achievement.
B. Because he want to inform us that the growth group tend to generate more creative.
C. Because he want to illustrate that it is his persistence that makes him succeed.
D. Because he want to show us that the fixed group doesn’t have creative ideas.
例子
观点
B
In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are usually informed, persuasive, or well connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.
◇By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to_________.
A. analyze the consequences of social epidemics.
B. discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.
C. exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics.
D. describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
In his book The Tipping Point Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are usually informed, persuasive, or well connected.
The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.
◇By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to_________.
A. analyze the consequences of social epidemics.
B. discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas.
C. exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics.
D. describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
观点
例子
B
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.
The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
◇What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
B
观点
例子
03
习题训练
Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "We're really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets aren't designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury……
The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that ________.
　　[A] some injury claims were no longer supported by law
　　[B] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries
　　[C] product labels would eventually be discarded
　　[D] some sports games might lose popularity with athletes
A
“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist，Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_________.
A. the conditions for generating quick profits
B. governments’ impatience in decision-making
C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies
D. “short-termism” in economics activities
D
Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain
21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students' lack of ______.
[A] practical ability [B] academic training
[C] pioneering spirit [D] mechanical memorization
A
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watching.

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