资源简介 人教版八年级上册英语Unit 2 知识点总结(含短语+句子+精讲+作文)Unit 2 How often do you exercise 一、课内短语归纳1. help with housework 帮着做家务2. use the Internet 使用互联网3. go to the movies 去看电影4. my favorite TV program(s)我最喜欢的电视节目5. how often 多久一次6. have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈与钢琴课7. swing dance摇摆舞swung(swing的过去式)8. hardly ever 几乎从不9. play tennis with friends 与朋友打网球10. stay up late 熬夜11. eat a healthy breakfast吃一顿健康的早餐12. play sports 进行体育运动13. at least/at most twice a week 一周至少/最多两次14. be good for my health 有利于我的健康healthy(health的形容词形式)15. eat junk food 吃垃圾食品16. drink coffee 喝咖啡 drank(drink的过去式)17. No. 5 High School students第5中学学生18. in one's free time 在某人的空余时间19. ask them about their free time activities 询问他们关于他们的业余活动20. not... at all 根本不……21. go online 上网22. be surprised that... 感到惊讶23. use it for fun 为了取乐而使用它24. the answers to the questions 这些问题的答案25. one to three times a week 一周一到三次26. two percent of the students 2%的学生27. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式28. such as 例如29. spend time with your friends与你的朋友共度时光 spent(spend的过去式)30. spend time on sth./in doing sth.花时间在某事上/做某事31. play together 一起玩32. watch TV for over 2 hours看两个多小时电视33. go to the dentist 去看牙医34. a 16-year-old high school student一名16岁的中学生35. have a lot of good habits有许多好习惯36. more/less than two hours多/少于两小时37. go to the dentist for teeth cleaning 去牙医处清洁牙齿38. go to the shopping center去购物中心二、重点词汇解析1. maybemaybe是副词,意为“或许;大概;可能”。maybe 与may be的区别:(1) maybe 是副词,作状语,常位于句首。例如:Maybe you are right. 也许你是对的。(2) may be是“情态动词+be动词”结构,意为“可能是;可能”,一般放在句中。例如:The man may be a teacher. = Maybe the man is a teacher. 这个男的或许是个老师。They may be in the classroom. = Maybe they are in the classroom. 他们也许在教室里。2. health(1) health为不可数名词,意为“健康”,其形容词形式为healthy,意为“健康的”。例如:Doing sports is good for our health. 做运动对我们的健康有好处。The old man looks very healthy. 这位老人看起来非常健康。(2) be in good health=be healthy, 意为“身体健康”;keep in good health=keep healthy,意为“保持健康”。例如:You must eat more vegetables to keep healthy. 为了保持健康,你必须吃更多蔬菜。The old man is in very good health. 这位老人身体非常健康。3. such assuch as=like,意为“例如;像……这样”,后面跟名词或者动名词。例如:I have a lot of hobbies, such as reading and singing. 我有许多爱好,比如看书和唱歌。※ such as对前面的复数名词起部分列举作用,一般不全部列出。4. diedie既可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词,意为“消失;灭亡;死亡”,过去式为died,现在分词为dying。例如:He died three years ago. 他三年前去世了。The dog on the ground is dying. 地上那只狗快死了。三、必背经典句1. Next week is quite full for me. 下周我的安排很满。2. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大概一个月看一次电影。3. He hardly ever watches TV. 他几乎不看电视。4. My mother wants me to drink milk. 我妈想让我喝牛奶。5. Here are the results. 这些是调查结果。6. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day. 我们发现我们的学生只有15%的人每天锻炼。7. Most students use it for fun and not for homework. 大多数学生用它(互联网)来玩而不是用来做作业。8. The answers to our questions about watching television were also interesting. 对我们提出的有关看电视的问题的回答也颇有意思。9. We think the best way to relax is through exercise. It is healthy for the mind and the body. 我们认为最好的放松方法是通过锻炼。它有益于身心健康。10. Old habits die hard. 旧习难改。四、语法精讲频度副词/频率副词1. 频度副词,表示频繁程度的副词。如:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom和never等。这些词表示经常性的动作或状态,而不是某一具体动作,常用于一般现在时中。2. 频度副词的区别上述频度副词的频率大小依次为:always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>hardly>never.(1)always意为“总是”,频率最大,中间没有间断。例如:I always get up early. 我总是很早起床。(2)usually意为“通常”,即很少例外,频度仅次于always.例如:He usually goes to school by bus. 他通常乘公共汽车上学。(3)often意为“经常”,在频度上不如usually.例如:They often go swimming after school. 放学后他们经常去游泳。(4)sometimes意为“有时”,频度比often小,表示偶尔发生,中间常有间断。例如:Sometimes we take the subway to school. 我们有时乘地铁上学。(5)seldom意为“很少,不常常”,频度小于sometimes, 表示动作很少发生。例如:Jim seldom does his homework at school. 吉姆很少在学校做作业。(6)hardly意为几乎不,几乎没有例如:He hardly watches TV. 他几乎不看电视。(7)never意为“从不”,频度为零,表示动作从未发生。例如:The boy never eats meat. 这个男孩从不吃肉。(8)常见词组:once a week 一周一次;twice a month 每月两次;one to three times a year 一年一到三次;two or three times a day 一天两次或三次;every day 每天;every three minutes 每三分钟等。3. 在句中的位置(1) 一般在系动词be、情态动词(can,may,must等)或助动词(do,does等)之后,实义动词之前。例如:He is often ill. 他常常生病。You must always remember this. 你要一直记住这一点。(2) 有时为了表示强调,也可放在句首或句末。例如:Sometimes I go to the park on foot. 有时我步行去公园。4. (1)对频度副词提问时,疑问词用How often.例如:We go to the library sometimes.(对画线部分提问) 我们有时去图书馆。→How often do you go to the library 你多久去一次图书馆?(2)助动词do 要根据时态和人称进行变化:单三: How often does...How often does he visit you 过去时:How often did...How often did you come back home 将来时: How often will...How often will you go to gym 5. 频度副词与not连用时,表示部分否定。例如:We’re not always this busy. 我们并不总是这么忙。五、重点短语句子讲解1. What do you usually do on weekends 你周末通常做什么 。(1) on weekends意为“在周末”,泛指每个周末。(2) on the weekend表示“在周末,在这个周末”,是特指某个周末。例如:I have piano lessons on weekends. 我周末上钢琴课。(泛指周末)I will go shopping on the weekend. 这个周末我要去购物。(特指本周末)2. help with housework帮助做家务(1) help with sth.意为“帮助做某事”。例如:she often helps me with my English.她经常帮助我学英语。※ 与help相关的其他常见搭配︰help sb.( to ) do sth. 帮助某人做某事help oneself ( to sth.) 随便吃/喝(某物);款待can't/ couldn't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事(2) housework 不可数名词,意为“家务劳动;家务活”。3. use the Internet使用因特网use在此处作及物动词,意为“使用;运用”,use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”。例如:May I use your dictionary 我可以用一下你的词典吗 ※ 辨析use , with与inuse动词在句中作谓语,表示用途with介词在句中作状语,表示方式,指“用(工具等)”in介词在句中作状语,表示方式,指“用(语言、声音、材料等)”例如:I use the pen to write. 我用钢笔写字。I write with a pen. 我用钢笔写字。She can give a speech in English. 她能用英语作演讲。4. How come 为什么 How come 是英语口语中的常用语,相当于“为什么 /怎么会呢 ”。可以单独使用,也可以在其后接句子,用来询问事情的缘由。例如:——I didn't even eat lunch today. 我今天甚至没有吃午饭。——Really How come 是吗 为什么 How come Tom didn't come to the party 汤姆怎么没来参加聚会呢 5. Well , how about Tuesday 哦,那么周二呢 “How about... 相当于“What about..”是英语口语中一个常用的客套句型,用来向对方征求意见或询问情况,意为“......怎么样 ”,其后可接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如:I’m ready. How about you 我准备好了,你呢 How about having a rest 休息一会儿怎么样 6. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大概每月去看一次电影。maybe副词,意为“大概;或许;可能”常位于句首,表示可能性。例如:Maybe he knows the way to the museum.或许他知道去博物馆的路。※ 辨析maybe与may bemaybe副词,作状语,意为“或许;大概;可能”,相当于perhapsmay be属于“情态动词+动词原形“结构,作谓语,意为“可能是;也许是”例如:Maybe she is right. 或许她是对的。She may be right. 她也许是对的。7. He plays at least twice a week. 他每周至少踢两次(足球)。at least意为“至少;不少于;起码”,其中least用作副词,意为“最小;最少”。at least的反义短语为at most,意为“最多”。例如:It will take me at least two hours to finish my homework. 完成家庭作业至少要花费我两小时。※ “at+名词”构成的常用短语∶at least至少; at last最后,终于; at first起初,起先; at most最多; at once立刻,马上; at present现在,目前; at times有时.8. She says it's good for my health. 她说它(牛奶)对我的健康有好处。be good for意为“对...…有好处”,for为介词,后接名词,代词成动名词其反义短语为be bad for意为“对.....有害”。例如:Taking more exercise is good for your health. 多锻炼对你的健康有好处。※ 辨析be good for , be good at , be good with 与be good tobe good for意为”对…..有益“be good at意为“擅长…”,后接名词、代词或动名词be good with意为“善于应付“be good to意为“对……友好“例如:Eating vegetables is good for your health. 吃蔬菜对你的健康有益。I’m good at (playing) basketball. 我擅长(打)篮球。He is good with children. 他管理孩子有一套。He is good to me. 他对我很友好。9. Here are the results. 这是(调查)结果。这是以here开头的倒装句,其主语是the results , here为表示地点的副词。例如:Here is your gift. 这是你的礼物。※ here/there/now/then等副词置于句首,谓语动词是连系动词be或come , go等不及物动词,且主语是名词时,其后的主语和谓语颠倒位置,构成倒装结构,这种倒装句的真正主语是后面的名词;如果主语是代词,句子主谓不倒装。例如:Here is a letter for you. 这是给你的一封信。Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。10. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day。 我们发现只有15%的学生每天锻炼。(1) find意为“找到;发现∶碰上”,可指无意识或经过寻找后发现。① 后接名词或代词。例如:You'll find the answers at the back of the book. 你将在书后找到答案。② 后接that从句。例如:I find that it pays to be honest. 我发现为人诚实有益。③ 可以带双宾语,双宾语交换位置时用介词for。例如:Please find me my key.= Please find my key for me. 请帮我找到我的钥匙。④ find+宾语+宾补,意为“发现某物....“这一结构中的宾语补足语可以由现在分词、过去分词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式等来充当。例如:What activity do you find enjoyable 你发现什么活动有趣 (形容词作宾补)(2) 本句中的percent是名词,意为“百分之.……”"。英语中的百分数表达为“基数词+percent", percent无复数形式。例如:About 50 percent of the pupils are girls.大约百分之五十的小学生是女孩儿。※ 知识拓展① 分数的构成∶分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1,分母加-s。two thirds 2/3, twenty-four twenty-fifths 24/25。② “百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要由of后面的名词来决定。percent of+可数名词的复数谓语动词用复数形式percent of+不可数名词谓语动词用单数11. And twenty percent do not exercise at all! 并且20%的学生根本不锻炼。not...at all意为“一点儿也不;根本不”。例如:I don't know about it at all. 那件事我一点儿也不知道。He didn't do his homework at all yesterday. 他昨天根本没做家庭作业。※ Not at all在口语中用来回答别人的谢意或歉意,意为“不用谢:不客气;没关系”。例如:——Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。——Not at all. 不客气(不用谢)——I’m sorry I’m late. 对不起,我迟到了。——Oh, not at all. 哦,没关系。12. Although many students like to watch sports game shows are the most popular. 虽然许多学生喜欢看体育节目,但是游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。although连词,意为“虽然﹔尽管”,引导让步状语从句。例如:Although my grandpa is old, he looks very strong and healthy. 虽然我的爷爷老了,但他看上去很健壮。Although it rained, the boys still played outside.= It rained, but the boys still played outside. 尽管天下雨了,但是那些男孩儿仍在外面玩耍。※ Although/ though不能与but在同一个句子中使用。13. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. 通过上网或看游戏类节目来放松很好,但是我们认为最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。句型“It+ be+ adj.+to do...”中it为形式主语,真正的主语是to do因为主语太长,为避免头重脚轻,要把它放在后面。例如:It is important to drink enough water every day.每天喝足够的水很重要。※ 提示:(1) It+be+adj. ( +or sb. )+动词不定式+其他.这类句型常用形容词easy , difficult. , hard , important , possible等作表语,有时候为了强调动词不定式动作的执行者,常在动词不定式前加for sb.例如:It's necessary for the young to master two foreign languages. 年轻人掌握两门外语是有必要的。(2) It+be+adj.+of sb.+动词不定式+其他.这类句型常用表示人的品质,性格特征的形容词,如: kind ,nice , stupid, clever,foolish, polite , impolite , silly , selfish, considerate等。例如:It's very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me with the work. 你帮助我做这项工作真是太好了。14. Jane is a 16-year-old high school student in the United States. 简是一名16岁的美国中学生。16-year-old是“基数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,意为“16岁的”。例如:Linda is a 10-year-old girl. 琳达是一个10岁的女孩儿。※ 由“基数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,中间用连字符连接,其中的名词必频用单数,在句中常作定语。六、作文积累本单元的写作话题是描述某人的日常生活典型例题:1. 假如你最好的朋友叫Mary, 她学习很好,因为她有非常好的生活习惯。请从以下几个方面向大家做一下介绍。提示:(1)早睡早起,从不熬夜(stay up late);(2)饮食习惯好,每天吃很多蔬菜和水果,从不吃垃圾食品;(3)身体健康,每周锻炼三、四次,每天步行上学;(4)在学校学习努力,课堂上认真听讲,按时完成作业;(5)闲时在家经常看书,有时上网。提示词:healthy lifestyle健康的生活习惯; get good grades取得好成绩写作思路点拨:时态:一般现在时。人称:本文介绍Mary 的生活习惯,故用第三人称。首先介绍Mary 是我的好朋友。然后分别从作息时间、饮食、锻炼、学习和业余爱好等方面逐一介绍,最后用总结性的语言紧扣主题。注意频率副词的正确使用,合理组织好写作顺序,结尾和开篇相呼应,能增强本文结构上的完整性。范文:Mary is my best friend. She studies very well. She has a healthy lifestyle. She goes to bed and gets up early every day. She never stays up too late. She eats lots of vegetables and fruit and never eats junk food. She is very healthy. She exercises three or four times a week, and she goes to school on foot every day. She thinks it’s good for her health. At school she studies very hard and listens to the teacher carefully in class. After school she does her homework on time. When she is free, she reads many books, and sometimes she surfs the Internet. She thinks that healthy lifestyle helps her get good grades.2. 你的生活和饮食习惯健康吗?请以“My Lifestyle”为题写一篇短文来介绍你的生活饮食习惯。范文:My LifestyleLet me tell you a little about my lifestyle. I often eat fruit and vegetables. Apples and oranges are my favorites. I love junk food, too, and I eat it three or four times a week. I sleep less than seven hours ever day. I often feel sleepy. I brush my teeth once a day. I run in the morning, and play ping-pong after school. In my free time, I enjoy surfing the Internet. On weekends, I often go to the movies with my friends.I think I’m kind of unhealthy. I shouldn’t eat too much junk food. I’ll try to have a balanced diet and sleep more. I should brush my teeth twice a day. I hope I can have a better lifestyle. 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览