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人教版九年级全一册英语Unit 10 知识点总结（含短语+句型+精讲+作文）
Unit 10 You’re supposed to shake hands.
一、 课内短语归纳
1. be supposed to do sth＝be expected to do sth=should do sth 被期望/要求做某事；应该
2. shake hands 握手
3. drop by 顺便拜访
4. after all毕竟;终归
5. pick up 拾起；捡起/接某人
6. make a noise 发出噪音
7. table manners 餐桌礼仪
8. get used to (doing)sth习惯于
9. be relaxed about对…随意/放松
10. get mad/angry大动肝火;气愤
11. clean…off 把…擦掉
12. take off脱下(衣服)；(飞机等)起飞
13. make an effort(to do)作出努力=try to do
14. make sb feel at home使某人感到宾至如归
15. cut up切开; 切碎
16. be (well) worth (doing) (很)值得做…
17. make friends with与…交朋友
18. as soon as一…就…
19. greet sb＝say hello to sb
20. be different from 与…不同
21. on time 按时 in time及时
22. go out of one’s way (to do) 特地；格外努力
23. as…as sb. can / could= as…as possible尽可以地
24. be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
25. clean…off把……擦掉
26. knock on/at a door敲门
27. make a toast 敬酒
二、 重点词汇解析
1. bow
(1) bow作名词，意为“弓，弓形物”。
例如：
He raised his bow slowly and let the arrow fly. 他慢慢地举起弓，让箭飞出去。
The boy made a deep bow to the teacher and ran away. 那个孩子向老师深深地鞠了一个躬然后跑掉了。
(2) bow作动词，意为“鞠躬，低下头”。
例如：
He bowed his head in shame. 他惭愧地低下头来。
She bowed her thanks. 她鞠躬致谢。
Age had bowed his once straight back. 他年事已高,过去挺直的腰板弯了。
2. relax
relax是动词，可以作不及物动词或及物动词，作及物动词时，宾语是人，表示“使某人放松；使某人休息；使某人轻松”。
例如：
Now I want to rest and relax. （作不及物动词）现在我得休息一下，放松放松。
I need a cup of tea to relax myself. （作及物动词）我需要喝杯茶使自己轻松一下。
※ relaxed；relaxing
(1) relaxed是形容词，意为“某人感到轻松、放松、不受拘束的”。指某人“感到”轻松。通常用来形容人。有类似用法的词有interested, excited, surprised,bored等。
例如：
He is feeling relaxed.= He is relaxed. 他感到很轻松。
The song can make me relaxed. 这首歌让我感到轻松。
(2) relaxing是形容词，意为“某事情令人轻松的”，指某事或者某物“令人”轻松。通常用来修饰物或事。有类似用法的词有interesting, exciting, surprising, boring等。
例如：
The song is relaxing. 这首歌真使人轻松。
You can listen to relaxing music in the bath! 你可以边洗澡边听（令人）轻松的音乐。
3. effort
(1) effort作名词，基本含意为“力气；努力”，作此解时只用作单数形式；effort还可以引申表示“努力；奋斗”，作此解时是可数名词；effort还可表示“作品；成就”，为可数名词。
例如：
It doesn’t need much effort. 那不需要太多的努力。
A great deal of effort has gone into this exhibition. 为了这次展览投入了很大力量。
His efforts were wasted. 他的努力都白费了。
Finishing the work in one day was a very good effort. 在一天内完成这项工作是努力的结果。
（2）effort 常用于以下短语make efforts/ make an effort/ make every effort中，意为“做出努力”，后面常接动词不定式，表示“努力做某事”。
例如：
The workers are making efforts to fulfill this year’s plan. 工人们正在努力完成今年的生产计划。
The prisoner made an effort to escape, but he couldn’t climb the prison wall. 囚犯企图越狱，但是爬不上监狱的墙。
I will make every effort to arrive on time. 我将尽一切努力准时到达。
4. knock
（1）knock作动词，意为“敲，击打”。其后通常跟介词on或at，然后接宾语。
例如：
Someone is knocking at/ on the door. 有人敲门。
She knocked at / on the window. 她敲了敲窗户。
（2）knock作名词，意为“敲击声，敲击”。
例如：
I heard a knock at the door. 我听到了敲门声。
5. take off
（1）take off可作“脱下”讲，反义词组为put on，意为“穿上”。
例如：
Put on your clothes. Don’t take them off. 把衣服穿上，别脱下。
（2）take off可作“起飞”讲，反义词为land，意为“着陆”。
例如：
When will the plane take off 飞机什么时候起飞？
※ 常见的含有take的词组：
take turns轮流
take away拿走
take out拿出，取出
take over接手，接管
take notes 做笔记
take care当心，注意
take care of 照顾
take photos 照相
take it easy别紧张
6. manner
（1）作名词，表示“做事的方法, 事情发生的方式”。
例如：
Why are you talking in such a strange manner 你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话？
（2）作名词，表示“态度, 举止”。
例如：
His manner was slightly rude, but you mustn’t mind. 他的态度有点粗鲁，但是你千万别介意。
（3）作名词，表示“礼貌, 礼节”，常用复数形式。
例如：
It’s bad manners to talk with a full mouth. 嘴里吃着东西说话是不礼貌的。
You should have good manners all the time. 任何时候都应该有礼貌。
（4）作名词，表示“风俗, 习俗”，常用复数形式。
例如：
It is interesting to learn the manners and customs of other countries. 了解其他国家的风俗习惯是很有趣的。
7. exchange
（1）作动词，意为“交换”，引申可表示“交流”经验、思想等。
例如：
The two girls always exchanged Christmas gifts. 两个女孩经常交换圣诞礼物。
The two armies exchanged prisoners. 作战双方交换战俘。
We shall have opportunity to exchange views tomorrow. 我们明天有机会交换看法。
They exchanged experiences at the meeting. 他们在会上交流经验。
（2）exchange作及物动词时，其宾语后常接介词for，表示“以……换取”；接介词with表示“与某人交换(某物)/与某人交流（想法等）”。
例如：
I’d like to exchange a watch for a camera. 我想用表换相机。
Would you like to exchange places with me 你愿意跟我换一下地方吗
He likes to exchange ideas with others. 他喜欢与别人交流思想。
※ （1）exchange作名词，意为“交换”。
例如：
There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two governments. 两国政府间曾多次交换意见。
（2）exchange作名词，意为“兑换，兑换率”。
例如：
I’d like to know the exchange rate for German marks. 我想知道德国马克的兑换率。
（3）exchange作名词，意为“交易所”。
例如：
She works at the Stock Exchange. 她在证券交易所工作。
8. behave
（1）作动词，意为“表现，行为举止”。
例如：
The young lady behaved courageously in the face of danger. 那位年轻女士面对危险表现得十分勇敢。
She behaves (towards me) more like a friend than a mother. 她像朋友一样（待我）, 而不像是我的母亲.
It’s hard to train children to behave well at the table. 培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的。
（2）作动词，意为“（机器等）开动，运转”。
例如：
How is the new machine behaving 新机器运行地怎么样
※ 提示
（1） behavior作名词，意为“行为，举止；态度”。
例如：
He was on his best behavior. 他表现极好。
（2） behavior作名词，意为“（机器等的）运转状态，性能”。
例如：
The aircraft’s behavior was satisfactory on its first test flight. 那架飞机在第一次试飞时运转情况令人满意。
9. except
except作介词，意为“除……之外”，其后跟名词、代词、介词短语、that从句或what从句。
例如：
I go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. 除了周六和周日，我每天都上学。
※ except;except for和but的辨析：这三个短语都有“除……之外”的意思，但具体用法不同：
例如：
We are all here except/but Tom. 除了Tom外，我们都到齐了。（不包括Tom）
She could do nothing but cry. 除了哭，她没有别的办法。
He is a good man except for hot temper. 他是个好人，除了脾气暴躁。
10. suggestion
（1）suggestion作可数名词，表示“建议；提议”。
例如：
He has given me a helpful suggestion. 他给我提了一项有益的建议。
（2）suggestion作不可数名词，表示“联想；暗示”。
例如：
The power of suggestion is very strong. 暗示的力量是无比强大的。
※ suggestion的动词形式是suggest ，意为“建议”，有以下用法：
（1）可接名词做宾语。
例如：
We suggested a visit to the museum the next day. 我们建议明天去参观博物馆。
（2）可接动名词做宾语。
例如：
I suggested putting off the sports meet. 我建议将运动会延期。
They suggested waiting until the proper time. 他们建议(我们)等到恰当的时机才行动。
（3）可接that宾语从句，that从句用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
例如：
She suggested that the class meeting (should) not be held on Saturday. 她建议班会不要在星期六举行。
We suggested that he(should) go and make an apology to his teacher. 我们建议他去向老师道歉。
三、必背经典句
1. He should have told me about it. 他本应该把这件事告诉我。
2. Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time. 我们那儿对时间是相当宽松的。
3. We often just drop by our friends’ homes. 我们时常去朋友家拜访。
4. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can. 我们经常只是在市中心转悠，见尽可能多的朋友。
5. We usually make plans to see friends. 通常我们都做好去看朋友的计划。
6. We’re the land of watches, after all. 毕竟，我们是手表之乡。
7. It’s even better than I thought it would be. 事情比我想象的要好得多。
8. They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们尽量让我感觉不拘束。
9. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to. 尽管我仍然犯许多错误，但它会不像过去那样困扰我。
10. I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it. 一开始我觉得那太奇怪了，但是现在我已经习惯了。
11. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things, and don’t find them so strange any more.
我不得不说，我发现记住所有东西是很困难的，但我渐渐习惯了，并且发现它们也不再那么奇怪了。
四、语法精讲
be supposed to do sth.与be expected to do sth.句型
be supposed to do sth.与be expected to do sth.的区别
（1）当 be supposed to ...的主语是“人”时, 意为“应该,被期望......”，它用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等, 相当于情态动词should。
例如：
Everyone is supposed to wear a seat belt in the car. 每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。
Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike. 老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。
You are supposed to ask the teacher if you want to leave the classroom. 如果你要离开教室的话,应该问问老师。
（2）当 be supposed to ...的主语是“物”时, 意为“本该, 本应”,用来表示某事应该发生而没有发生。
例如：
The new laws are supposed to prevent crime. 这些新法令本应该起到防止犯罪的作用。
The train was supposed to arrive half an hour ago. 火车本应在半小时之前到达。
The meeting is supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to put it off. 这次会议本应在星期二举行,但我们不得不把它推迟了。
（3）was/ were supposed to do sth.相当于 should have done sth.,表示“(过去)本应该做某事而实际上并没有做”。
例如：
You were supposed to have handed in your homework by now. 现在你应该已经把作业交上来了。
You were supposed to arrive here at6:00. 你本应该六点钟到达。
He was supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 他应该一小时前就到了。
（4）be supposed to ...还可用来表示“被认为...... 被相信是......”。
例如：
They are supposed to be very clever. 它们被认为很聪明。
This house is supposed to be his. 这套房子被认为是他的。
（5）be supposed to ...的否定形式为be not supposed to…,常用于口语中,意为“不被许可……,不应当......”。
例如：
You are not supposed to do that. 你不应当做那件事。
She was not supposed to be angry about that. 她本不该为那件事生气的。
You are not supposed to smoke on the bus. 你不应该在公共汽车上吸烟。
“It+be+adj.+to do sth.句型”
（1）It+be+adj.+ to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”,it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式（短语）。因动词不定式（短语）做主语较长, 而谓语部分相对较短,用it代替后就避免了“头重脚轻”的现象。
（2）表示“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”，用句型It+be+adj.+for/ of sb.+ to do sth.,其中sb.为动词不定式 to do sth的逻辑主语。两者的具体用法为：
①　It be+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.此句型中的形容词为描述事物特征的词,像difficult, important, easy, hard, necessary, possible, dangerous, impossible等,是说明动词不定式的。
②　It be+adj.+of sb.+ to do sth.此句型中的形容词为描述人物品质及性格特征的词,像 clever, foolish，good, kind, nice, polite等, 用来说明of后的sb.。
例如：
It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
It’s hard for me to answer your question. 对我来说回答你的问题很难。
It was foolish of him to go alone. 他单独去太傻了。
It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我真是太好了。
五、重点句子讲解
1. You are supposed to shake hands. 你应该握手。
（1）动词suppose意为“猜想、假设”，suppose后接that从句，that可以省略。
例如：
I suppose he is not yet twenty. 我猜想他不到二十岁。
（2）be supposed to后面用动词原形，表示“被期望做某事、应该做某事”，相当于情态动词should。
例如：
You are supposed to say hello to the foreigners. 你应该跟这些外宾打招呼。
※ （1）当句子的主语是人的时候，be supposed to表示“应该做某事、被期望做某事”，经常用来表示劝告、建议、义务和责任等。这里be supposed to相当于情态动词should。
例如：
You are supposed to ask our teacher if you want to leave the classroom. 如果你要离开教室，应该先问一问我们的老师。
（3）当句子的主语是物的时候，be supposed to表示“本应该”的意思，经常用来表示某事物本应该发生而没有发生。
例如：
The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we have to put it off. 这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把他推迟了。
（4）短语be supposed to do sth.的否定形式是be not supposed to do sth，表示“命令和禁止”，意为“不应该做某事”。
例如：
You are not supposed to talk loudly in class. 你不应该在课堂上大声交谈。
（5）be supposed to的后面接have+过去分词，表示“本应该做完的事情而没有做完”。
例如：
My mother is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 我的妈妈应该一个小时前就到了。
2. If you’re even 15 minutes late, your friend may get mad. 如果你甚至迟到了15分钟，你的朋友可能会生气。
这是含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句，if译为“如果”。条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来，要注意if条件句的时态搭配：
（1）if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。
例如：
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。
If the rain doesn’t stop, we will stay here. 如果这场雨不停的话，我们就呆在这儿。
（2）if从句用一般现在时，主句用情态动词。
例如：
If you want to lose weight, you should eat less bread. 如果想减肥，你应该少吃面包.
（3）if从句用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。
例如：
If you want to get there on time, hurry up! 如果你想准时到达那里，要快一点。
3. We value the time we spend with our family. 我们珍惜和家人在一起的时光。
（1）value 作动词，表示“看重，重视”。
例如：
If they value these data, let them pay for them. 他们要是看重这些数据，就让他们出钱买。
If you value your health then you’ll start being a little kinder to yourself. 如果你重视自己的健康，你就要开始对自己好一点。
（2）value 作及物动词，表示“评价，估价”。后接名词或代词作宾语，当宾语后接具体价格时，常用介词at。
例如：
I valued the bike at 200 yuan. 我估计这辆自行车值200元。
The used car has recently been valued at 3750 pounds. 这辆二手车作价为3750英镑。
※ （1）value 用作名词，基本意思是“价值，价格”，引申还可表示“用处，益处，重要性”。
例如：
Because of continual price increases, the value of the pound has fallen in recent years. 近年来由于物价不断上涨，英镑贬值了。
The value of this work experience should not be under estimated. 这种工作经验的重要性不应该被低估。
（2）value常用于of value to sb. 结构，表示“对某人有……价值”。
例如：
Good books are of great value to students. 好书对学生非常有用。
4. As you can imagine, things are very different from the way they are at home. 正如你可以想象的，事情和他们在家里的情况非常不同。
imagine是动词，意为“想象，推测”，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。
例如：
We can’t imagine what China will be like in the future. 我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。
I can’t imagine leaving all my friends. 我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。No one can imagine what would happen next. 没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。
5. …,but I’m gradually getting used to it. 但是我渐渐对它习惯了。
动词短语get used to表示“渐渐习惯……”，后接名词、代词作宾语。与同义短语“be used to”略有不同。get used to强调的是由“不习惯”到“习惯”的这个过程，而“be used to”所强调的只是“习惯了”这个状态。
例如：
The food here is not so tasty but you will get used to that.这里的伙食不怎么样，但你会慢慢习惯的。
The food here is not so tasty but he is used to that. 这里的伙食不怎么样，但是他已经习惯了。
He is used to getting up early. 他习惯了早起。
6. I find it difficult to remember everything. 我发现要记住一切很难。
当不定式用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式短语”。
例如：
I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这个工作不容易。
I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处。
※ 当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。
例如：
It’s a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。
It’s no use saying any more about it. 再谈这事没有用。
It’s not known where she went. 她到哪里去了没人知道。
※ It is said / reported / believed / understood that… 这类结构中的it 也是形式主语。
例如：
It’s reported that two people were injured in the accident. 据报道这次事故中有两人受伤。
7. That’s how people in Japan are expected to greet each other. 那就是在日本人们应该互相问候的方式。
本句含有 how引导的表语从句。表语从句常放在连系动词后。how，where，why等引导的从句作 this/that is 的表语时，表示具体的方式、地点、原因等。
例如：
That is why we come here. 那就是我们来这里的原因。
※表语从句还可用 that, as if/though, because 来引导。
例如：
My idea is that you should make good use of your time. 我的建议是你应该好好利用你的时间。
It looks as if it is going to snow. 天看起来要下雪。
It is because he doesn’t know her. 这是因为他不认识她。
8. So I just stood there with my hand out. 所以我只是伸着手站在那里。
with my hand out是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。宾语补足语的形式有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等，在句中作伴随状语。
例如：
He is sleeping in the bedroom with the windows open. 他正在卧室里开着窗户睡觉。
9. Mind your manners! 注意你的礼仪!
Mind...是一个表示警示的句型，表示“注意.;当心…; 小心…”。当其后跟动词时，常用动词的-ing 形式，即: mind doing.
例如：
Mind your head, please! 请当心你的头!
10. I have to say that I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to it. 我不得不说，我发现记住所有的事情是困难的，但是我正在逐渐习惯这些事情。
“find it adj.+ to do sth.”意为“发现做某事是..的”。find 后接复合宾语，其中it 此处作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式 to do sth.，形容词在句中作宾语补足语。
例如：
I find it very interesting to learn English. 我发现学英语很有趣。
I found it hard to work with him. 我发现和他一起工作很难。
六、作文积累
本单元的写作话题是谈论不同国家的风俗礼仪
典型例题：
1. 请你以“When in China, do as the Chinese do!”为题, 按以下写作要求写一篇文章, 向西方读者介绍我们中国的饮食文化, 80词左右, 提示如下:
（1） What time are lunch and dinner served in China
（2） How to eat food
（3） How to behave politely while eating with the old
（4） How do we know that a meal is over in China
（5） Is it a good idea to talk about food during a meal
范文：
When in China, do as the Chinese do!
Meals in China are different in some ways from meals in the West.
First, in China, lunch is usually served at around 12 o’clock. As for dinner, Chinese people eat it much earlier than people in the West. Second, chopsticks are used to eat most food.
Then, it is impolite to eat first while eating with the old. You’re supposed to wait for the old to begin eating. Besides, for dinner, there will be lots of different dishes, not just three courses. Finally, Chinese people like to talk about food, so it’s a good topic during a meal. In a word, the golden rule is: when you’re in China, watch the Chinese and do as they do! Have a good trip in China!
2. 假如你是王明，你的美国笔友Tina 发来电子邮件，说她要来中国，但对中国的风俗习惯、见面礼仪及餐桌礼仪了解甚少，于是向你寻求帮助，请你给她回一封电子邮件，告诉她有关中国风俗习惯、见面礼仪及餐桌礼仪的情况。
Dear Tina,
I’m very happy to hear that you’re coming to China next week. I hope to see you soon. As we all know, different countries have different customs. So the manners in China are very different from those in your country. Let me tell you something about the customs and manners in our country.
First, we Chinese are supposed to shake hands when we meet for the first time. Then we greet each other. After that, you can talk about something relaxing. But you are not supposed to talk about someone’s salary, age and so on. Second, we use chopsticks to have meals while you use knives and forks. And you shouldn’t point at others with your chopsticks at table. Also, it’s bad manners to talk too much when you’re having meals.
I hope you’ll have a wonderful time in our country.
Yours,
Wang Ming

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