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Period Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.gesture n.手势；姿势；姿态
2.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n.目击者；证人
3.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同
4.barrier n.隔阂；障碍
5.bend vt. & vi.(bent，bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向
6.twin adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n.孪生之一；双胞胎之一
7.bow vi.鞠躬；点头 vt.低(头) n.弓；蝴蝶结
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的
2.demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明
3.internal adj.内部的；里面的
4.incident n.发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
5.trial n. & v.审讯；审判；试验；试用
6.waist n.腰；腰部
7.cheek n.面颊；脸颊
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.interact v.交流；沟通；合作；相互影响；相互作用
interaction n.交流；相互影响
2.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
variety n.不同种类；多样化
various adj.各种不同的；各种各样的
3.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
disapprove vi.不同意；不赞成
approval n.赞成；同意；批准，通过，认可
4.differ vi.相异；不同于
different adj.不同的
difference n.不同；差异
5.rely vi.依靠；依赖
reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的
6.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用
employee n.雇员；雇工
employer n.雇主
employment n.雇用；就业
7.slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的
slightly adv.略微；稍微
8.assess vt.评估；评价
assessment n.评价；评定
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化
2.be appropriate to 适合……
3.interpret...as... 把……理解(解释)为……
4.break down 消除；分解；打破
5.by contrast 相比之下
6.by comparison (与……)相比较
7.make inferences 推理；推断
8.straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：the way作先行词的定语从句
[原句]　 Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
言语固然重要，但人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式也会向我们传达他们的感受。
仿写：蔡伦的发明迅速传播到中国以外，改变了全世界人们记录和交换信息的方式。
Cai Lun’s invention quickly spread beyond China，transforming the way people documented and exchanged information worldwide. (人物介绍，2023·全国甲卷)
2.句型公式：动名词(短语)作主语
[原句]　In many countries，shaking one’s head means “no”，and nodding means “yes”.
在很多国家，摇头表示“否”，点头表示“是”。
仿写：学习编织(knit)帮助我培养了创造力和解决问题的能力。
Learning to knit has helped me develop my creativity and problem－solving skills. (短文投稿，2023·全国乙卷)
3.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
[原句]　And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到一个好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
仿写：步行锻炼有时可能会很乏味，但是在一个阳光灿烂的早上进行的话，没有比这个更好的了。
Walking exercise may be boring at times，but on a clear sunny morning nothing could be better.
1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
·varied adj.各种各样的；不相同的
·various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的
·variety n.不同种类；多样化
[佳句背诵]　It is intended to cover topics varying from music，sports to study strategies，life in school，etc.(邀请信，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
它旨在涵盖从音乐、体育到学习策略、学校生活等不同的主题。
(1)vary from... to... 在……到……之间变化
vary in... 在……(大小、形状等)方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
(2)a variety of/varieties of 种种；各种各样的
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
In my free time，I’ll continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and various/varied (vary) ball games.
Last but not least，I have joined a variety of activities in and out of the school.
If you travel to Beijing，I will arrange a variety of/varieties of/various activities，which vary from climbing the Great Wall to visiting the Summer Palace.(邀请信)
如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。
2.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
·approval n.赞成；同意；批准，通过，认可
·approving adj.赞许的；许可的
[佳句背诵]　I think most students would like to approve of the rule，with which they will make great progress.(广东卷)
我想大多数学生都会赞成这项规则，因为这样他们会取得很大进步。
(1)approve sth 批准/通过某事
approve of sth/(sb/sb’s) doing sth赞成/同意某事/(某人)做某事
(2)give one’s approval to 同意；批准
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
I would extremely appreciate it if I have a chance to receive your approval (approve).(申请信，全国Ⅰ卷)
I don’t think I can give my approval to such an arrangement.
The father approved of the twins/twins’ preparing a Mother’s Day breakfast and offered to help them. When seeing the breakfast，the delighted mother gave the twins an approving look.(动作＋情绪描写，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
父亲同意这对双胞胎准备母亲节早餐，并且主动提出帮助他们。当看到早餐时，这位高兴的母亲向双胞胎投去赞许的目光。
3.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人
[佳句背诵]　The last ten years has witnessed much improvement in our life.
过去十年我们的生活有了很大改善。
(1)witness sth　目击/目睹某事
witness to (doing) sth 为(做)某事作证； 为(做)某事出庭作证
(2)be (a) witness to sth 某事的目击者/证人
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
As a witness to the accident，he promised to be a witness in court.
We are witnessing the most important scientific development of the century.
我们正在见证着本世纪最重要的科学发展。
The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.
司机作证，曾看到那个人进入过大楼。
4.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用
·employer n.雇主
·employee n.雇员；雇工
·employment n.工作；职业
[佳句背诵]　Are you sure you won’t regret not employing this chance when looking back some day later (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
当将来的某一天回首往事时，你确定不会后悔没有利用这个机会吗？
employ sb as...　雇用某人作为……
employ sth to do sth 利用某物做某事
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in doing sth
＝be employed in doing sth 从事于/忙于做某事
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
He just has a brilliant working attitude and is definitely the type of employee (employ)we are looking for.
Learning English well is significant/vital to your future employment (employ).
She has employed herself in protecting the endangered animals.
He did hope that he could be employed to help foreign guests visit the city museum. So when he learned that he wasn’t employed as a volunteer，he couldn’t help but weep sadly. (情绪描写)
他的确希望能够被雇用以帮助外国客人参观市博物馆，因此，当他得知他没被雇用为志愿者时，忍不住伤心地哭了起来。
5.differ vi.相异；不同于；持不同看法；不同意
·different adj.不同的；相异的
·difference n.差别；差异
[佳句背诵]　The person I respect most is my headteacher who differs from/is different from other teachers in teaching. In our studies，his advanced teaching methods make a great difference to us students. In our daily life，he teaches us how to tell the difference between right and wrong.(人物介绍，2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他在教学方面与其他老师不同。在我们的学习上，他的先进的教学方法对我们学生有巨大影响。在我们的日常生活中，他教我们如何明辨是非。
(1)differ from　　　与……不同
differ in 在……方面不同
differ with sb about/on/over sth 与某人就某事持不同看法
(2)be different from 与……不同
(3)make a difference (to)(对……)有影响；有作用
tell the difference between A and B 区分A与B的不同
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
However，if they are assigned to different (differ) groups，their full potential might not be realized. (建议信，2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Some people think that whether we protect our oceans from being polluted makes no difference to us，but I attach great importance to ocean protection.(短文投稿，2022·全国甲卷)
一些人认为我们是否保护我们的海洋免受污染对我们不重要，但是我认为海洋保护非常重要。
What I will choose differs from/is different from what you have suggested.
我将要选择的和你建议过的不同。
6.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于；偏袒n.帮助；恩惠；赞同；偏袒
·favourable adj.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的
[佳句背诵]　Sensing what had happened，I strode to sad David with anxiety，determined to do him a favour/do a favour for him.(心理＋动作描写，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
意识到发生了什么，我焦急地大步走向悲伤的大卫，决定帮助他。
do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb　帮某人忙
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb请某人帮忙
in favour of 赞成；支持
in sb’s favour 对某人有利
owe sb a favour 欠某人人情
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Well，he does owe me a favour after I washed the car last week.
Our team was all fired up. The second half started in our (we) favour.
I am sorry that I have to ask you a favour/ask a favour of you，with the hope that you will be kind to help me. (求助信)
很抱歉，我不得不请你帮个忙，希望你能帮助我。
No matter what happens，I will be in favour of you forever.
无论发生什么，我都会永远支持你。
7.break down 消除；分解；打破；出故障；失败
[佳句背诵]　The truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble.(2021·浙江6月卷)
爸爸开的卡车经常在路上抛锚，这让我爸爸陷入了麻烦之中。
break in　　打断；插嘴说；闯入
break into 闯入；强行进入；突然开始做(某事)
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾等)突然发生
break up 分解；解散；破裂
break away from 脱离；放弃
[活学巧用]　语境辨义/补全句子
After a frank exchange of ideas，the two of them finally broke down their long－standing misunderstanding against each other and became friends again. 消除
Our hotels were “tourist traps” and our rented car broke down. 出故障
The southern states wanted to break away from the union so a war broke out.
南部诸州想要脱离联邦，于是一场战争爆发了。
Mary and John were good friends but then they had a quarrel and broke up.(人物描写)
玛丽和约翰原来是好朋友，但后来吵了一架便绝交了。
8.assessment n.评价(法)；评定；评估；估算，估定，核定(数量价值)
·assess vt.评估；评价；估算
[佳句背诵]　After all，we are not supposed to assess a person only depending on what he appears.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
毕竟，我们不应该仅仅根据一个人的外表来评估他。
(1)make an assessment　作出评估/评定
risk assessment 风险评估
(2)assess...at... 估计……价值为……；把……估价为……
assess...as... 估计……是……
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Damage to the building was assessed at￡40，000.
It was a reasonable assessment (assess)and probably pretty close to the truth.
I think it may take some time before we can make an assessment of the damage to the environment.
我认为可能要过一段时间我们才能对环境遭到的破坏作出评估。
1.Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
言语固然重要，但人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式也会向我们传达他们的感受。
句型公式|the way作先行词的定语从句(1)way表示“方式；方法”，后接定语从句，且在从句中作状语时，定语从句用in which或that引导，也可以将关系词in which或that省略。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。
[佳句背诵]　After a while，she apologized for the way (in which/that) she behaved at the beginning.
过了一会儿，她为自己一开始行事的方式道歉。
The way(that/which) he thought of to deal with it was of great importance.
他想到的处理此事的方法非常重要。
[活学巧用]
判断下列句中that在从句中的功能/补全句子
The way (that) you think of is unique.宾语
The way that came up at the meeting was unpractical.主语
The way (that) you think about things is unique. 状语
I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way (in which/that) he speaks English.
我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。
2.And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到一个好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
句型公式|“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义(1)在“否定词＋比较级”句式中，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
(2)比较级表达最高级含义常用句式如下：
·比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数
·比较级＋than＋all the other＋名词复数
·比较级＋than＋the rest of＋名词复数或不可数名词
·比较级＋than＋any of the other＋名词复数
[佳句背诵]　David walked to me，“I have never seen a more warm－hearted person than you.”(动作描写，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫向我走来，“我从没见过比你更热心的人了。”
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than the rest of rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Thank you very much. You couldn’t have chosen a better(good) gift than it.
The articles are all suitable for children. You can’t find a more suitable website.
这些文章都很适合孩子们，你再也找不到一个更合适的网站了。
It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier than I was.
直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福的了。(共34张PPT)
Period Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language——析考点
UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE
2
///////
夯实 语言基础
1
///////
精析 核心要点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.____________ n.手势；姿势；姿态
2.____________ vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n.目击者；证人
3.____________ vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同
4.____________ n.隔阂；障碍
5.____________ vt. & vi.(bent，bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向
6.____________ adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n.孪生之一；双胞胎之一
7.____________ vi.鞠躬；点头 vt.低(头) n.弓；蝴蝶结
gesture
witness
favour
barrier
bend
twin
bow
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.appropriate adj.　 ________________
2.demonstrate vt. ________________________
3.internal adj. ________________
4.incident n. ____________________________
5.trial n. & v. _______________________
6.waist n. ________________
7.cheek n. ________________
合适的；恰当的
表现；表达；说明；证明
内部的；里面的
发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
审讯；审判；试验；试用
腰；腰部
面颊；脸颊
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.interact v.交流；沟通；合作；相互影响；相互作用
____________ n.交流；相互影响
2.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
____________ n.不同种类；多样化
____________ adj.各种不同的；各种各样的
3.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
____________ vi.不同意；不赞成
____________ n.赞成；同意；批准，通过，认可
interaction
variety
various
disapprove
approval
4.differ vi.相异；不同于
____________ adj.不同的
____________ n.不同；差异
5.rely vi.依靠；依赖
____________ adj.可靠的；可信赖的
6.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用
____________ n.雇员；雇工
____________ n.雇主
____________ n.雇用；就业
different
difference
reliable
employee
employer
employment
7.slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的
____________ adv.略微；稍微
8.assess vt.评估；评价
____________ n.评价；评定
slightly
assessment
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.________________ 在……到……之间变化
2.________________ 适合……
3.________________ 把……理解(解释)为……
4.________________ 消除；分解；打破
5.by contrast ________________
6.by comparison ________________
7.make inferences ________________
8.straighten up _______________________
vary from...to...
be appropriate to
interpret...as...
break down
相比之下
(与……)相比较
推理；推断
直起来；整理；收拾整齐
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：the way作先行词的定语从句
the way people
[原句]　 Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
言语固然重要，但人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式也会向我们传达他们的感受。
仿写：蔡伦的发明迅速传播到中国以外，改变了全世界人们记录和交换信息的方式。
Cai Lun’s invention quickly spread beyond China,transforming ______________
___________________________________ worldwide.(人物介绍，2023·全国甲卷)
documented and exchanged information
2.句型公式：动名词(短语)作主语
Learning to knit
[原句]　In many countries，shaking one’s head means “no”，and nodding means “yes”.
在很多国家，摇头表示“否”，点头表示“是”。
仿写：学习编织(knit)帮助我培养了创造力和解决问题的能力。
________________ has helped me develop my creativity and problem－solving skills. (短文投稿，2023·全国乙卷)
3.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
nothing could be better
[原句]　And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.　如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到一个好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
仿写：步行锻炼有时可能会很乏味，但是在一个阳光灿烂的早上进行的话，没有比这个更好的了。
Walking exercise may be boring at times，but on a clear sunny morning _______________________.
1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
·varied adj.各种各样的；不相同的
·various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的
·variety n.不同种类；多样化
[佳句背诵]　It is intended to cover topics varying from music，sports to study strategies，life in school，etc.(邀请信，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
它旨在涵盖从音乐、体育到学习策略、学校生活等不同的主题。
(1)vary from... to... 在……到……之间变化
vary in... 在……(大小、形状等)方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
(2)a variety of/varieties of 种种；各种各样的
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
In my free time，I’ll continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and ________________ (vary) ball games.
Last but not least，I have joined ______ variety of activities in and out of the school.
If you travel to Beijing,I will arrange __________________________________，
which _______________________________________ the Summer Palace.(邀请信)
如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。
various/varied
a
a variety of/varieties of/various activities
vary from climbing the Great Wall to visiting
2.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
·approval n.赞成；同意；批准，通过，认可
·approving adj.赞许的；许可的
[佳句背诵]　I think most students would like to approve of the rule，with which they will make great progress.(广东卷)
我想大多数学生都会赞成这项规则，因为这样他们会取得很大进步。
(1)approve sth 批准/通过某事
approve of sth/(sb/sb’s) doing sth 赞成/同意某事/(某人)做某事
(2)give one’s approval to 同意；批准
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
I would extremely appreciate it if I have a chance to receive your _______________ (approve).(申请信，全国Ⅰ卷)
I don’t think I can give my approval ____________ such an arrangement.
The father _________________________________________________________
and offered to help them. When seeing the breakfast，the delighted mother _____________________________________.(动作＋情绪描写，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
父亲同意这对双胞胎准备母亲节早餐，并且主动提出帮助他们。当看到早餐时，这位高兴的母亲向双胞胎投去赞许的目光。
approval
to
approved of the twins/twins’ preparing a Mother’s Day breakfast
gave the twins an approving look
3.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人
[佳句背诵]　The last ten years has witnessed much improvement in our life.
过去十年我们的生活有了很大改善。
(1)witness sth　　目击/目睹某事
witness to (doing) sth 为(做)某事作证；为(做)某事出庭作证
(2)be (a) witness to sth 某事的目击者/证人
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
As a witness ____________ the accident，he promised to be a witness in court.
We ___________________________________________________ of the century.
我们正在见证着本世纪最重要的科学发展。
The driver _______________________________________ the building.
司机作证，曾看到那个人进入过大楼。
to
are witnessing the most important scientific development
witnessed to having seen the man enter
4.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用
·employer n.雇主
·employee n.雇员；雇工
·employment n.工作；职业
[佳句背诵]　Are you sure you won’t regret not employing this chance when looking back some day later (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
当将来的某一天回首往事时，你确定不会后悔没有利用这个机会吗？
employ sb as...　雇用某人作为……
employ sth to do sth 利用某物做某事
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in doing sth
＝be employed in doing sth 从事于/忙于做某事
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
He just has a brilliant working attitude and is definitely the type of _____________ (employ)we are looking for.
Learning English well is significant/vital to your future ___________ (employ).
She has employed herself ____________ protecting the endangered animals.
He did hope that he could ________________________________________visit the city museum. So when he learned that he ______________________________，he couldn’t help but weep sadly. (情绪描写)
他的确希望能够被雇用以帮助外国客人参观市博物馆，因此，当他得知他没被雇用为志愿者时，忍不住伤心地哭了起来。
employee
employment
in
be employed to help foreign guests
wasn’t employed as a volunteer
5.differ vi.相异；不同于；持不同看法；不同意
·different adj.不同的；相异的
·difference n.差别；差异
[佳句背诵]　The person I respect most is my headteacher who differs from/is different from other teachers in teaching. In our studies，his advanced teaching methods make a great difference to us students. In our daily life，he teaches us how to tell the difference between right and wrong.(人物介绍，2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他在教学方面与其他老师不同。在我们的学习上，他的先进的教学方法对我们学生有巨大影响。在我们的日常生活中，他教我们如何明辨是非。
(1)differ from　与……不同
differ in 在……方面不同
differ with sb about/on/over sth 与某人就某事持不同看法
(2)be different from 与……不同
(3)make a difference (to)(对……)有影响；有作用
tell the difference between A and B 区分A与B的不同
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
However，if they are assigned to ____________ (differ) groups，their full potential might not be realized. (建议信，2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Some people think that whether we protect our oceans from being polluted __________________________，but I attach great importance to ocean protection.(短文投稿，2022·全国甲卷)
一些人认为我们是否保护我们的海洋免受污染对我们不重要，但是我认为海洋保护非常重要。
What I will choose ____________________________ what you have suggested.
我将要选择的和你建议过的不同。
different
makes no difference to us
differs from/is different from
6.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于；偏袒 n.帮助；恩惠；赞同；偏袒
·favourable adj.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的
[佳句背诵]　Sensing what had happened，I strode to sad David with anxiety，determined to do him a favour/do a favour for him.(心理＋动作描写，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
意识到发生了什么，我焦急地大步走向悲伤的大卫，决定帮助他。
do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb　帮某人忙
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb请某人帮忙
in favour of 赞成；支持
in sb’s favour 对某人有利
owe sb a favour 欠某人人情
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Well，he does owe me ____________ favour after I washed the car last week.
Our team was all fired up. The second half started in __________ (we) favour.
I am sorry that I have to _________________________________________，with the hope that you will be kind to help me. (求助信)
很抱歉，我不得不请你帮个忙，希望你能帮助我。
No matter what happens，_______________________________.
无论发生什么，我都会永远支持你。
a
our
ask you a favour/ask a favour of you
I will be in favour of you forever
7.break down 消除；分解；打破；出故障；失败
[佳句背诵]　The truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble.(2021·浙江6月卷)
爸爸开的卡车经常在路上抛锚，这让我爸爸陷入了麻烦之中。
break in　　打断；插嘴说；闯入
break into 闯入；强行进入；突然开始做(某事)
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾等)突然发生
break up 分解；解散；破裂
break away from 脱离；放弃
[活学巧用]　语境辨义/补全句子
After a frank exchange of ideas，the two of them finally broke down their long－standing misunderstanding against each other and became friends again.
___________
Our hotels were “tourist traps” and our rented car broke down. ___________
The southern states wanted _______________________________ so a war ____________.
南部诸州想要脱离联邦，于是一场战争爆发了。
Mary and John were good friends but then they _________________________.
(人物描写)
玛丽和约翰原来是好朋友，但后来吵了一架便绝交了。
消除
出故障
to break away from the union
broke out
had a quarrel and broke up
8.assessment n.评价(法)；评定；评估；估算，估定，核定(数量价值)
·assess vt.评估；评价；估算
[佳句背诵]　After all，we are not supposed to assess a person only depending on what he appears.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
毕竟，我们不应该仅仅根据一个人的外表来评估他。
(1)make an assessment　作出评估/评定
risk assessment 风险评估
(2)assess...at... 估计……价值为……；把……估价为……
assess...as... 估计……是……
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Damage to the building was assessed ____________￡40，000.
It was a reasonable ____________ (assess)and probably pretty close to the truth.
I think it may take some time before we can ___________________________
____________ the environment.
我认为可能要过一段时间我们才能对环境遭到的破坏作出评估。
at
assessment
make an assessment of the
damage to
1.Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
言语固然重要,但人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式也会向我们传达他们的感受。
句型公式|the way作先行词的定语从句
(1)way表示“方式；方法”，后接定语从句，且在从句中作状语时，定语从句用in which或that引导，也可以将关系词in which或that省略。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。
[佳句背诵]　After a while，she apologized for the way (in which/that) she behaved at the beginning.
过了一会儿，她为自己一开始行事的方式道歉。
The way(that/which) he thought of to deal with it was of great importance.
他想到的处理此事的方法非常重要。
[活学巧用]
判断下列句中that在从句中的功能/补全句子
The way (that) you think of is unique.________________
The way that came up at the meeting was unpractical.________________
The way (that) you think about things is unique. ________________
I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way ________________________
___________.
我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。
宾语
主语
状语
(in which/that) he speaks
English
2.And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到一个好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
句型公式|“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
(1)在“否定词＋比较级”句式中，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
(2)比较级表达最高级含义常用句式如下：
·比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数
·比较级＋than＋all the other＋名词复数
·比较级＋than＋the rest of＋名词复数或不可数名词
·比较级＋than＋any of the other＋名词复数
[佳句背诵]　David walked to me，“I have never seen a more warm－hearted person than you.”(动作描写，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫向我走来，“我从没见过比你更热心的人了。”
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than the rest of rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Thank you very much. You couldn’t have chosen a ____________(good) gift than it.
The articles are all suitable for children. You ____________________________.
这些文章都很适合孩子们，你再也找不到一个更合适的网站了。
It was not until then that I suddenly realized _________________________ I was.
直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福的了。
better
can’t find a more suitable website
nobody was happier thanPeriod Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.____________ n.手势；姿势；姿态
2.____________ vt.当场看到；目击；见证
n.目击者；证人
3.____________ vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于
n.帮助；恩惠；赞同
4.____________ n.隔阂；障碍
5.____________ vt. & vi.(bent，bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向
6.____________ adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的 n.孪生之一；双胞胎之一
7.____________ vi.鞠躬；点头 vt.低(头) n.弓；蝴蝶结
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.appropriate adj.　 ________________
2.demonstrate vt. ________________
3.internal adj. ________________
4.incident n. ________________
5.trial n. & v. ________________
6.waist n. ________________
7.cheek n. ________________
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.interact v.交流；沟通；合作；相互影响；相互作用
____________ n.交流；相互影响
2.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
____________ n.不同种类；多样化
____________ adj.各种不同的；各种各样的
3.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
____________ vi.不同意；不赞成
____________ n.赞成；同意；批准，通过，认可
4.differ vi.相异；不同于
____________ adj.不同的
____________ n.不同；差异
5.rely vi.依靠；依赖
____________ adj.可靠的；可信赖的
6.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用
____________ n.雇员；雇工
____________ n.雇主
____________ n.雇用；就业
7.slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的
____________ adv.略微；稍微
8.assess vt.评估；评价
____________ n.评价；评定
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.________________ 在……到……之间变化
2.________________ 适合……
3.________________ 把……理解(解释)为……
4.________________ 消除；分解；打破
5.by contrast ________________
6.by comparison ________________
7.make inferences ________________
8.straighten up ________________
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：the way作先行词的定语从句
[原句]　 Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
言语固然重要，但人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式也会向我们传达他们的感受。
仿写：蔡伦的发明迅速传播到中国以外，改变了全世界人们记录和交换信息的方式。
Cai Lun’s invention quickly spread beyond China，transforming __________________________________________________________________
_____________________________ worldwide.(人物介绍，2023·全国甲卷)
2.句型公式：动名词(短语)作主语
[原句]　In many countries，shaking one’s head means “no”，and nodding means “yes”.
在很多国家，摇头表示“否”，点头表示“是”。
仿写：学习编织(knit)帮助我培养了创造力和解决问题的能力。
________________ has helped me develop my creativity and problem－solving skills. (短文投稿，2023·全国乙卷)
3.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义
[原句]　And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.　如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到一个好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
仿写：步行锻炼有时可能会很乏味，但是在一个阳光灿烂的早上进行的话，没有比这个更好的了。
Walking exercise may be boring at times，but on a clear sunny morning __________________________________________________________________.
1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
·varied adj.各种各样的；不相同的
·various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的
·variety n.不同种类；多样化
[佳句背诵]　It is intended to cover topics varying from music，sports to study strategies，life in school，etc.(邀请信，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
它旨在涵盖从音乐、体育到学习策略、学校生活等不同的主题。
(1)vary from... to... 在……到……之间变化
vary in... 在……(大小、形状等)方面不同
vary with... 随……而变化
(2)a variety of/varieties of 种种；各种各样的
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
In my free time，I’ll continue to take regular exercise，such as swimming，running and ____________ (vary) ball games.
Last but not least，I have joined _________________________________________
variety of activities in and out of the school.
If you travel to Beijing，I will arrange _________________________________，
which _______________________________________ the Summer Palace.(邀请信)
如果你来北京旅游，我将安排各种各样的活动，从爬长城到参观颐和园不等。
2.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
·approval n.赞成；同意；批准，通过，认可
·approving adj.赞许的；许可的
[佳句背诵]　I think most students would like to approve of the rule，with which they will make great progress.(广东卷)
我想大多数学生都会赞成这项规则，因为这样他们会取得很大进步。
(1)approve sth 批准/通过某事
approve of sth/(sb/sb’s) doing sth
赞成/同意某事/(某人)做某事
(2)give one’s approval to 同意；批准
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
I would extremely appreciate it if I have a chance to receive your _______________ (approve).(申请信，全国Ⅰ卷)
I don’t think I can give my approval ____________ such an arrangement.
The father _________________________________________________________
and offered to help them. When seeing the breakfast，the delighted mother _____________________________________.(动作＋情绪描写，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
父亲同意这对双胞胎准备母亲节早餐，并且主动提出帮助他们。当看到早餐时，这位高兴的母亲向双胞胎投去赞许的目光。
3.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人
[佳句背诵]　The last ten years has witnessed much improvement in our life.
过去十年我们的生活有了很大改善。
(1)witness sth　　目击/目睹某事
witness to (doing) sth 为(做)某事作证；为(做)某事出庭作证
(2)be (a) witness to sth 某事的目击者/证人
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
As a witness ____________ the accident，he promised to be a witness in court.
We ______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________ of the century.
我们正在见证着本世纪最重要的科学发展。
The driver ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________ the building.
司机作证，曾看到那个人进入过大楼。
4.employ vt.使用；应用；雇用
·employer n.雇主
·employee n.雇员；雇工
·employment n.工作；职业
[佳句背诵]　Are you sure you won’t regret not employing this chance when looking back some day later (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
当将来的某一天回首往事时，你确定不会后悔没有利用这个机会吗？
employ sb as...　雇用某人作为……
employ sth to do sth 利用某物做某事
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in doing sth
＝be employed in doing sth 从事于/忙于做某事
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
He just has a brilliant working attitude and is definitely the type of _____________ (employ)we are looking for.
Learning English well is significant/vital to your future ____________ (employ).
She has employed herself ____________ protecting the endangered animals.
He did hope that he could ____________________________________________
___________________________________________ visit the city museum.
So when he learned that he ________________________________________
_________________________________________，he couldn’t help but weep sadly.
(情绪描写)
他的确希望能够被雇用以帮助外国客人参观市博物馆，因此，当他得知他没被雇用为志愿者时，忍不住伤心地哭了起来。
5.differ vi.相异；不同于；持不同看法；不同意
·different adj.不同的；相异的
·difference n.差别；差异
[佳句背诵]　The person I respect most is my headteacher who differs from/is different from other teachers in teaching. In our studies，his advanced teaching methods make a great difference to us students. In our daily life，he teaches us how to tell the difference between right and wrong.(人物介绍，2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
我最尊敬的人是我的班主任，他在教学方面与其他老师不同。在我们的学习上，他的先进的教学方法对我们学生有巨大影响。在我们的日常生活中，他教我们如何明辨是非。
(1)differ from　与……不同
differ in 在……方面不同
differ with sb about/on/over sth 与某人就某事持不同看法
(2)be different from 与……不同
(3)make a difference (to)(对……)有影响；有作用
tell the difference between A and B 区分A与B的不同
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
However，if they are assigned to ____________ (differ) groups，their full potential might not be realized. (建议信，2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Some people think that whether we protect our oceans from being polluted __________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________，but I
attach great importance to ocean protection.(短文投稿，2022·全国甲卷)
一些人认为我们是否保护我们的海洋免受污染对我们不重要，但是我认为海洋保护非常重要。
What I will choose ___________________________________________________
what you have suggested.
我将要选择的和你建议过的不同。
6.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于；偏袒
n.帮助；恩惠；赞同；偏袒
·favourable adj.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的
[佳句背诵]　Sensing what had happened，I strode to sad David with anxiety，determined to do him a favour/do a favour for him.(心理＋动作描写，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
意识到发生了什么，我焦急地大步走向悲伤的大卫，决定帮助他。
do sb a favour＝do a favour for sb　帮某人忙
ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb请某人帮忙
in favour of 赞成；支持
in sb’s favour 对某人有利
owe sb a favour 欠某人人情
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Well，he does owe me ____________ favour after I washed the car last week.
Our team was all fired up. The second half started in ____________ (we) favour.
I am sorry that I have to ______________________________________________
________________________________________________________，with the hope
that you will be kind to help me. (求助信)
很抱歉，我不得不请你帮个忙，希望你能帮助我。
No matter what happens，_____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
无论发生什么，我都会永远支持你。
7.break down 消除；分解；打破；出故障；失败
[佳句背诵]　The truck my dad drove often broke down on the way，which made my dad in trouble.(2021·浙江6月卷)
爸爸开的卡车经常在路上抛锚，这让我爸爸陷入了麻烦之中。
break in　　打断；插嘴说；闯入
break into 闯入；强行进入；突然开始做(某事)
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾等)突然发生
break up 分解；解散；破裂
break away from 脱离；放弃
[活学巧用]　语境辨义/补全句子
After a frank exchange of ideas，the two of them finally broke down their long－standing misunderstanding against each other and became friends again. ________________
Our hotels were “tourist traps” and our rented car broke down. ________________
The southern states wanted ____________________________________________
________________ so a war ___________________________________________.
南部诸州想要脱离联邦，于是一场战争爆发了。
Mary and John were good friends but then they ________________________________________________________.(人物描写)
玛丽和约翰原来是好朋友，但后来吵了一架便绝交了。
8.assessment n.评价(法)；评定；评估；估算，估定，核定(数量价值)
·assess vt.评估；评价；估算
[佳句背诵]　After all，we are not supposed to assess a person only depending on what he appears.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
毕竟，我们不应该仅仅根据一个人的外表来评估他。
(1)make an assessment　作出评估/评定
risk assessment 风险评估
(2)assess...at... 估计……价值为……；把……估价为……
assess...as... 估计……是……
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Damage to the building was assessed ____________￡40，000.
It was a reasonable ____________ (assess)and probably pretty close to the truth.
I think it may take some time before we can ___________________________
the environment.
我认为可能要过一段时间我们才能对环境遭到的破坏作出评估。
1.Words are important，but the way people stand，hold their arms，and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.
言语固然重要，但人们站立、抱臂以及摆手的方式也会向我们传达他们的感受。
句型公式|the way作先行词的定语从句(1)way表示“方式；方法”，后接定语从句，且在从句中作状语时，定语从句用in which或that引导，也可以将关系词in which或that省略。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。
[佳句背诵]　After a while，she apologized for the way (in which/that) she behaved at the beginning.
过了一会儿，她为自己一开始行事的方式道歉。
The way(that/which) he thought of to deal with it was of great importance.
他想到的处理此事的方法非常重要。
[活学巧用]
判断下列句中that在从句中的功能/补全句子
The way (that) you think of is unique.________________
The way that came up at the meeting was unpractical.________________
The way (that) you think about things is unique. ________________
I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way __________________________________________________________________.
我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。
2.And if we are feeling down or lonely，there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.
如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到一个好朋友的笑脸更好的了。
句型公式|“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义(1)在“否定词＋比较级”句式中，常用的否定词有no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。
(2)比较级表达最高级含义常用句式如下：
·比较级＋than＋any other＋可数名词单数
·比较级＋than＋all the other＋名词复数
·比较级＋than＋the rest of＋名词复数或不可数名词
·比较级＋than＋any of the other＋名词复数
[佳句背诵]　David walked to me，“I have never seen a more warm－hearted person than you.”(动作描写，2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
大卫向我走来，“我从没见过比你更热心的人了。”
The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than the rest of rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/补全句子
Thank you very much. You couldn’t have chosen a ____________(good) gift than it.
The articles are all suitable for children. You ___________________________.
这些文章都很适合孩子们，你再也找不到一个更合适的网站了。
It was not until then that I suddenly realized _________________________ I was.
直到那时我突然意识到没有人比我更幸福的了。

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