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人教版八年级下册英语Unit 1 知识点（含短语+句型+精讲+作文）
Unit 1 What's the matter？
一、重点短语
1.have a cold　感冒
2.have a stomachache　胃痛
3.take one's temperature　量体温
4.have a fever　发烧
5.get into trouble　陷入麻烦
6.be used to…　适应于……
7.run out of　用尽；耗尽
8.cut off　切除
9.get out of　离开；从……出来
10.give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
11.mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
12.mean to do sth. 计划/打算做某事
13.by accident　偶然地
14.take risks　冒险
15.have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难
16.hurt oneself　伤到自己
17.get sunburned　晒伤
18.have a sore throat　喉咙痛
19.get an Xray　拍X光片
20.in a difficult situation 处于困境之中
21. get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤
22. be interested in 对.....感兴趣
23. lose one’s life 失去生命
24. because of 因为
25. run out of 用完
26. cut off 切除
27. get out of 从...出来
28. make a decision/decisions 做决定
29. be in control of 掌管；管理
30. give up 放弃
二、短语用法归纳
1.need to do sth 需要去做某事
2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事
3.ask sb sth 询问某人某事
4.expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事
5.agree to do sth 同意做某事
6.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
7.want to do sth 想要做某事
8.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
9.have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难
10.use sth to do sth 用某物去做某事
11.be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
12.seem to do sth 好像做某事
13.keep on doing sth 继续做某事
14.mind doing sth 介意做某事
三、必背重点句型
1. You need to take breaks away from the computer. 你需要远离电脑，休息一下。
2. I think you should lie down and rest. 我认为你应该躺下来休息。
3. To his surprise，they all agreed to go with him. 令他吃惊的是，他们都同意和他一起去。
4. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off. 他期望大多数或所有乘客下车。
5. With his left arm，he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. 他用绷带把左臂绑好，以便不会失血过多。
6. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 他是如此热爱登山，以至于在这次经历之后继续攀登。
7.—What's the matter 怎么了？
—I have a headache and I can't move my neck.我头痛，脖子动不了。
8. Thanks to Mr.Wang and the passengers，the doctors saved the man in time. 多亏了王师傅和这些乘客，医生及时救了这个人。
9. As a mountain climber，Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一个登山者，Aron习惯于冒险。
10. In this book，Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions and of being in control of one's life. 在这本书中，Aron讲述了做出明智决定和掌控自己生命的重要性。
四、重点语法讲解
1.情态动词should的用法
（1） 含义：应该
（2） 否定式：should not(常缩略为shouldn't)，表示“不应当；不该”
（3） 用法：
1)建议或劝告某人“应该”做某事
You should drink some hot tea with honey.你应该喝些加蜂蜜的热茶。
2)有责任或义务“应该”做某事
You should help your mother with the housework.你应该帮你的母亲做家务。
3)推测某事或某情况“应该”会发生
She should arrive home right now.她现在应该到家了。
2.反身代词
（1）构成
（2）用法
（3）固定搭配
look after oneself=take care of oneself 照顾自己
teach oneself sth= learn sth. by oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快
help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）
hurt oneself 摔伤自己
say to oneself 自言自语
lose oneself in 沉浸于，陶醉于……之中
leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下
buy oneself sth. 给自己买……东西
introduce oneself 介绍……自己
（4）温馨提醒
1）反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。
如：我自己能完成作业。
（误）Myself can finish my homework..
（正) I myself can finish my homework.
2）反身代词表示“某人自己”，不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的(东西)"时，须要用 one's own
如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。
（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons.
（正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.
3.询问疾病、不适及突发状况：
1）What’s the matter with you
2）What’s the trouble (with…)
3）What’s the problem(with…)
4）What’s wrong (with…)
5）What happened (to…)
6）Is there anything wrong (with…)
7）Do you have a(n) + 疾病名称
=Have you got a(n) + 疾病名称
8）Did you catch/get…
4. 表示不适
1）be/feel+形容词
be/feel tired
be/feel sick
be/feel dizzy(晕头转向的)
head feels hot
2）get+动词-ed
get hurt
get cut in the hand
get hit by a ball
3）表示伤害
a.hurt/cut/break+身体具体部位
hurt my leg
cut her finger
break his arm
b.hurt/cut+反身代词
hurt myself
cut himself
4）表达诊治
take/get…(take更常见)
take one’s temperature
take some medicine
take an injection (注射)
take/get an X-ray
5）表达就医：see…/go to…
see the dentist/doctor
go to a doctor
go to (the) hospital
6）have a(n) + 疾病名称：表示患病，用I have/He has a......句式连接背诵
have a sore back 背痛
have a sore throat 喉咙痛
have a bad cold 重感冒
have a fever 发烧
have a headache 头痛
have a stomachache 肚子痛, 胃痛
have a toothache 牙痛
have a heart problem 有心脏病
have a nosebleed 流鼻血
五、重点句子讲解
1. What’s the matter？
What’s the matter 和What’s wrong 是用来询问对方出了什么毛病或问题，意为“怎么了？”，是医生询问病人病情时的常用语。
例如：
——What’s the matter 你怎么了？
——I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。
——What’s wrong, Tom Tom怎么了？
——I don’t feel very well. 我感觉不太舒服。
【拓展】
What’s the matter 和What’s wrong 后可接with sb. / sth.，即What’s the matter with sb./ sth. 或What’s wrong with sb./sth. 意为“某人/某物怎么了？”
例如：
——What’s the matter with you = What’s wrong with you 你怎么了？
——What’s wrong / What’s the matter with your leg 你的腿怎么了？
——Nothing. 没什么。
注意：matter是名词，其前只能加定冠词the；wrong是形容词，前面不需要加任何冠词。能说What’s your wrong 和What’s your matter
2. ——What should she do？
——She should take her temperature.
should作情态动词，意为“应当，应该”。表示义务、责任，可用于各种人称，无人称和数的变化，也不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态；否定形式为should not，缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法有：
（1）表示责任和义务，意为“应该”。
例如：
You should take your teacher’s advice. 你应该听从你老师的建议。
You shouldn’t be late for class. 你不应该上课迟到。
（2）表示推断，意为“可能，该”。
例如：
The train should have already left. 火车可能已经离开了。
3. But to his surprise，they all agreed to go with him.
（1）surprise作动词时，意为“使……惊奇，使……感到意外、吃惊”。
例如：
What surprised you 什么事使你感到意外？
（2）surprise作不可数名词时，表示“惊奇，惊异”。
例如：
Her face showed surprise at the news.听到这个消息，她的脸上露出了惊奇的表情。
（3）surprise作可数名词时，表示“惊奇、惊讶、意外的事或吃惊的事”。
例如：
He gave me a surprise by arriving early. 他的早到使我大感意外。
（4）作名词用时常可构成如下短语：
to one’s surprise意为“使某人吃惊的是……”
in surprise意为“吃惊地 ”
例如：
To my surprise, he passed the exam.使我吃惊是，他竟然通过了考试。
He looked at me in surprise. 他吃惊地望着我。
4. He was not ready to die that day.
（1）ready 作形容词，意为“准备好的”。
例如：
Is everything ready 一切都准备好了吗？
Are you ready 你准备好了吗？
（2）be/get ready to + 动词原形，意为“准备做……”。
例如：
I’m getting ready to travel. 我正准备去旅行。
【拓展】be ready for意为“准备去……”，后接名词或动名词，同义短语为get ready for。例如：
I’m ready for bed. 我正准备睡觉。
The chicken will soon be ready for the pot. 这些鸡肉很快就可以准备下锅了。
5. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.
mind作及物动词，意为“介意、照料、留神、注意”。常用于疑问句、否定句、条件句中，后面接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句。
例如：
Would you mind opening the window 你介意打开窗户吗？
Don’t mind me.不要管我。
【拓展】mind还可作名词，意为“智力、头脑、想法、意见”。
例如：
He has quick mind. 他头脑敏锐。
Tom changed his mind at last. 最后Tom改变了主意。
六、写作积累
1. 话题剖析：
本单元的话题是“健康与急救”，主要学习有关伤病及处理建议的表达方式。本单元以 What's the matter/wrong(with...) I have a cold. He/She has a fever.为中心话题，围绕描述“身体的不适和提出建议”展开，学习和运用 What's the matter/wrong /What should ..… do 描述身体的不适并提出建议。有利于青少年了解常见的基本急救健康知识，促使他们养成良好的卫生习惯，增强自我保护和防范能力。
2.句型积累
(A)谈论健康问题的句型:
1.What's the matter (with sb.)
2.Does she/he have a toothache/
stomachache/headache/fever...
3.Are you OK
4.I have trouble doing sth.
5.I hurt...
6.What should I do
(B）给某人提建议的句型:
1.You should/shouldn't do sth.
2.You'd better do sth.
3. Why not do sth./Why don't you do sth.
4.What/How about doing sth.
5.It's a good way to do sth.
6.It's best for sb. to do sth.
7.It's necessary/important to do sth.
3.经典范例
假如你是Lisa，你的朋友李华身体比较虚弱，经常会生病，请你给他回一封邮件，给他一些建议。
要求：
1.80-120词；
2.文中不能出现自己的姓名和所在学校的名称。
参考信息：
1. Problems (such as having a nightmare(噩梦)，throwing up, feeling sharp pain in head...)
2. Advice(such as taking a hot shower, go to a doctor...)
Dear Li Hua,
I am sorry to heard that you don't feel well recently. I am writing to give you some advice , which I hope might be helpful to you.
You told me that you often have a nightmare at night. It's really an uncomfortable experience.For this problem, I suggest that you take a hot shower to relax yourself before going to bed.Besides, I heard that you often feel like throwing up, which I think is so serious that you need to go to a doctor right away.Thirdly, you are troubled with headaches, feeling sharp pain in your head when you do your homework. I think you need to rest and get some sleep.
I hope you can get better. I will come and visit you next week.
Yours,
Lisa

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