资源简介

Period Ⅲ　Lesson 3
Part 1　Reading Comprehension——通文本
Step Ⅰ　Read for the main idea
Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Lines 1-7)　 A.Journey to the destination.
Part 2(Lines 8-21)　 B.The return journey.
Part 3(Lines 22-45) C.The influence of Captain Scott’s journey to the Antarctic.
Part 4(Lines 46-54) D.Before the journey.
答案　Part 1 D　Part 2 A　Part 3 B　Part 4 C
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
Read the text quickly and choose the best answers.
1.How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole
A.Less than two months.
B.More than two months.
C.More than three months.
D.Nearly four months.
2.Which was NOT the difficulties that Scott and his teammate during their journey
A.Something was wrong with their sledges.
B.Their food was running out.
C.They lost some of their team members.
D.They were blocked by many rocks.
3.What may lead to the death of Scott
A.Food shortage. B.Being too tired.
C.Lack of water. D.Extreme cold.
4.What can we know from “and goodbye to most of our dreams”？
A.Scott was satisfied with the result.
B.Losing the race let Scott down.
C.Scott had lost his drive to go back.
D.They dreamed of going back easily.
5.What did Scott mean by writing “but what a price to pay”？
A.He was optimistic about the journey.
B.He spent much money on the journey.
C.Scott felt hopeless and he thought he would die.
D.He regretted not having listening to Kathleen.
答案　1.C　2.D　3.A　4.B　5.C
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
1.It was later after Amundsen’ arrival that Scott reached the Pole.
A.20 days B.32 days
C.34 days D.40 days
2.Why did Scott and his men become heroes
A.Because they won the race to the Pole.
B.Because they achieved their original goal.
C.Because they returned home safe and sound.
D.Because they showed great courage all the time.
3.What is the author’s attitude to Scott
A.Admirable. B.Pitiful.
C.Objective. D.Disapproving.
4.What’s the text mainly about
A.Amundsen made it to the South Pole.
B.The way to the South Pole can be too hard.
C.The lesson from Captain Scott.
D.A story of the race to the South Pole.
5.How is the text developed
A.By giving examples.
B.By following time order.
C.By analyzing causes.
D.By making comparisons.
答案　1.C　2.D　3.A　4.D　5.B
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.Have you ever dreamed of going to Antarctic？What difficulties can you imagine there will be on the way？(Creative thinking)
2.If you were Captain Scott, what would you do when the teammates died off？(Critical thinking)
Step Ⅴ　Sentence-learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too.
[句式分析]　While引导时间状语从句，which引导限制性定语从句，修饰a message，注意此处先行词和定语从句被介词短语分隔开。
尝试翻译：当他在前往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德·阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要向南去。
2.We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.
[句式分析]　句中but连接并列句，第一个分句中that引导宾语从句；第二个分句中though引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句。
尝试翻译：我们知道可怜的欧茨正在走向死亡，虽然我们试图阻止他，但我们知道这是一个勇敢的人和一个英国绅士的行为。
3.Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
[句式分析]　but连接并列句；第二个分句中，shown by...为过去分词短语作后置定语，made them heroes为make复合结构。
尝试翻译：斯科特未能赢得到达极点的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。
Step Ⅵ　Post-reading
Fill in the blanks after reading the text.
On 1 June, 1910, British explorer Captain Robert Falcon Scott was on his way to Antarctica when he received a message from another explorer, 1.saying (say) that he was going to Antarctica too.Then the race between the two was on.They first organised food bases 2.before their journey.Then Amundsen was the first 3.to leave (leave) on 8 September，1911.He and his team arrived at the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there.On 25 January，1912, they returned safely to their starting site.
Captain Scott left on 1 November, 1911, and soon had problems.First, his two sledges broke 4.down and then the horses began to have serious difficulties 5.with the snow and the cold, so they had to push the sledges themselves.Scott and his four members finally arrived at the Pole only 6.to see (see) the Norwegian flag.They were shocked and disappointed and began their return journey，one of the worst in the history of 7.exploration (explore).They were tired, running out of food and the weather was terrible.Even so, they found and carried 20 kilos of rocks for the later scientific research, 8.which proved that in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
9.Unfortunately (fortunate), the disaster came.All members in the team died one by one.The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his team made them 10.heroes (hero).
Part 2　Language Points——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.captain n.上校；队长；组长
2.polar adj.极地的，地极的
3.prove vt.证明；证实
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.sledge n.雪橇
2.ski n.滑雪板vi.滑雪
3.tent n.帐篷
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.explorer n.探险者；勘察者
exploration n.探险；探索
explore vt.探究；探讨；探索
2.preparation n.预备，准备
prepare vi.& vt.把……预备好；使做好准备
3.base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
basis n.基础；准则
basic adj.基本的；基础的
basically adv.基本上；大体上
4.anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地
anxious adj.焦虑；忧虑；担心
anxiety n.焦虑；忧虑
5.ambition n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
6.cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
cheer n.欢呼声 vt.欢呼，喝彩
cheerfully adv.兴高采烈地
7.distant adj.久远的；遥远的
distance n.距离；远方
8.honesty n.坦诚；诚实，正直
honest adj.诚实的；正直的
honestly adv.诚实地；正当地
9.sincerity n.真诚，真挚，诚实
sincere adj.诚挚的；真诚的
sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地
10.bravery n.勇气；勇敢的行为
brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的
bravely adv.勇敢地；毅然地
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.on the way to在去……的路上
2.break down停止运转；出故障
3.run out of用完；耗尽
4.make rapid progress取得快速进步
5.at one time曾经，一度
6.carry on继续
7.in preparation for为……做准备
8.meet the end 迎接结局
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：完全倒装
[原句]　Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着，漆黑的极地冬季来临了。
仿写：窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.
2.句型公式：have复合结构
[原句]　He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，他的队员都坐在雪板上。
仿写：教练让队员们整个下午都练习他们的技能。
The coach had the players practicing their skills the whole afternoon.
3.句型公式：have difficulty (in) doing...
[原句]　The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
下一个离去的是欧茨上校，他走路很困难。
仿写：如果你在记新单词方面费劲，你通过大声地朗读就可以解决问题。
If you have trouble (in) memorizing new words, you can solve the problem by reading aloud.
1.preparation n.预备，准备
·prepare v.把……预备好；使做好准备
[佳句背诵]　We are making preparations for the coming exam.
我们正在为即将到来的考试做准备。
(1)in preparation for准备……
make preparations for 为……做准备
(2)prepare for... 为……做准备
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
Mother is preparing us a meal.We may wash our hands and prepare for the meal.
To prepare for the Winter Olympic Games, he trains hard every day.
→In preparation for the Winter Olympic Games, he trains hard every day.
→To make preparations for the Winter Olympic Games, he trains hard every day.
2.base n.基地，大本营；基础vt.以……为基地
·basis n.基础；基本原则
·basic adj.基本的；基础的
[佳句背诵]　These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text.(求助信，全国Ⅲ卷)
这些天，我和我的同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。
(1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……
(2)on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
Basing (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
First, he showed us the basic (base) steps and skills of making tea.
Based on a true story, the film is very popular.
依据一个真实的故事改编，这部电影非常受欢迎。
3.prove vt.证明；证实
[佳句背诵]　Give me a chance and I will prove it to you.(申请信)
给我一次机会，我会证明给你看。
(1)prove sth to sb　向某人证明某事
prove oneself (to be)... 证明自己是……
prove that... 证明……
It is proved that... 据证明……
(2)prove (to be)＋n./adj. 原来是；证明是
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be (be) correct.
It is proved that the information technology plays an important role in people’s lives.
事实证明，信息技术在人们的生活中起着重要作用。
4.break down停止运转，出故障；(身体等)
垮掉；失败；使分解；(谈判)失败
[佳句背诵]　Communication can help break down the barriers between young men and their parents.(建议信)
交流将有助于消除年轻人与他们父母之间的隔阂。
break out　　 突然爆发
break up 粉碎；结束；解散
break through获得重大发现；取得重大突破；冲出
[活学巧用]　语境辨义/完成句子
The printing machines are always breaking down.出故障
His health broke down because he had been working too hard.(身体等)垮掉
The talks between the two sides have broken down.(谈判)失败
Everybody was alarmed at the news that war might break out.
听到战争可能爆发的消息人人感到恐慌。
Although she tried hard, she still couldn’t break through.
尽管她努力尝试，但还是不能取得突破。
1.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着，漆黑的极地冬季来临了。
本句为完全倒装语序，主语为the total darkness of the polar winter, 谓语为came。
句型公式|完全倒装
完全倒装有以下几种情况：
(1)将here, there, now, then等地点或时间副词置于句首，谓语动词是be, come, go, remain, lie, run等，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。
(2)表示运动方向的副词out, in, up, down, away等置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。
(3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首或强调地点概念或为保持句子平衡，且句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(lie, stand, exist, live, sit等)时，句子要用完全倒装。
(4)作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语位于句首时，要用“表语＋连系动词＋主语”结构。
(5)such作表语，置于句首，意为“……就是如此”。
[名师点津]
(1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。
(2)完全倒装句式的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
[佳句背诵]
There goes the last bus.
末班公共汽车来了。
Up went the arrow into the air.
弓箭直射向空中。
In front of the classroom stands a tall tree.
教室的前面有一棵大树。
Present at the meeting were some important figures.
出席会议的是一些重要人物。
Such was what he said.
这就是他说的话。
[活学巧用]
单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换
At the meeting place of Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.
When we Chinese need help in a foreign land, at our back stands a strong motherland.
当我们中国人在国外需要帮助的时候，我们身后永远有一个强大的祖国。
A beautiful castle bathed in the sunshine stands there.(改为倒装结构)
→There stands a beautiful castle bathed in the sunshine.
2.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，他的队员都坐在雪板上。
本句使用了“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中have是使役动词，意为“使，叫，让”。
句型公式|have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
类似句型有以下几种：
(1)have sb/sth doing sth让某人做某事(动作具有持续、进行含义)
(2)have sb do sth让某人做某事
(3)have sth done让/请别人做某事；遭受到
[佳句背诵]
They tried to have her talking, but no use.
他们试图让她说话，但没用。
She had planned to have her daughter marry Laurie.
她本打算让女儿嫁给劳里。
As we left, we had a photograph taken together.
临走时，我们一起拍了一张照片。
[活学巧用]　完成句子
Your parents won’t have you dropping out of school at such a young age.
你父母不会允许你在这么小的年龄退学。
Please don’t have the students disturbed while they are reviewing their lessons.
请不要让学生在复习功课时受到打扰。
Part 3　Grammar (2)——后缀
后缀
①...he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too.
②...both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
③Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
④Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
⑤Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man.
【自主发现】
句中加黑词是在原词后边加了后缀形成的新单词，这种构词法叫派生法，是派生词的一种。
后缀词是指在一个词根的后面附加一个或几个字母构成的一个新词。如：snowy中-y就是后缀。通常，后缀会改变单词的词性，构成意思相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
分类 列举 举例
名词 后缀 -er/-or(从事……的人)，-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(……的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ism(主义)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质)，-tion/-ation(动作；过程)，-dom(状态；区域) teacher教师 Japanese日本人 musician音乐家 artist艺术家 movement运动 darkness黑暗 invention发明 freedom自由
动词 后缀 -en(多用于形容词之后)，-fy(使……化)， -ize(使……成为) widen加宽 beautify美化 realize意识到
形容 词后 缀 -al, -able, -an, -ble， -ern, -ful, -ive, -less， -like, -ly, -y, -ous， -some national民族的 reasonable合理的 American美国的 careful细心的 active有活力的
副词 后缀 -ly(用于形容词后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(表示方向) quickly迅速地 angrily生气地 northward朝北 upward (s)向上
数词 后缀 -teen, -th, -ty thirteen十三 fourth第四 forty四十
Ⅰ.用所给词的派生词填空
1.Often，if a person has an operation(operate)，he will lose lots of blood.
2.Frederick successfully (successful) entered the final competition last month.
3.The children were taking a test and their parents were waiting outside anxiously (anxious).
4.When walking in the darkness，be careful (care) not to fall down.
5.With strong willpower，he is the only survivor (survive) of this earthquake.
6.To the boy’s great excitement, tomorrow will be his fourteenth (fourteen) birthday.
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式完成语段
Few people seem to have much desire or time to cook.1.Making (make) Chinese dishes is seen as especially 2.troublesome(trouble).Many 3.westerners (west)who come to China cook much less than in their own 4.countries (country).I still remember the day when I visited a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was 5.shocked (shock) when I learned she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While eating out 6.regularly (regular) seems to have become common for 7.teenagers (teenage) in recent years, it’s not without a cost.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 8.affordable(afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even higher cost on your 9.health (healthy). 10.Researchers (research) have found that eating out too often is one reason why people have 11.weight (weigh) problems.
If you don’t want to suffer this problem，then here is a 12.suggestion(suggest) that you go to your mum’s home.UNIT 5 Period Ⅲ　Lesson 3
Part 1　Reading Comprehension——通文本
Step Ⅰ　Read for the main idea
Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Lines 1-7)　 A.Journey to the destination.
Part 2(Lines 8-21)　 B.The return journey.
Part 3(Lines 22-45) C.The influence of Captain Scott’s journey to the Antarctic.
Part 4(Lines 46-54) D.Before the journey.
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
Read the text quickly and choose the best answers.
1.How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole
A.Less than two months.
B.More than two months.
C.More than three months.
D.Nearly four months.
2.Which was NOT the difficulties that Scott and his teammate during their journey
A.Something was wrong with their sledges.
B.Their food was running out.
C.They lost some of their team members.
D.They were blocked by many rocks.
3.What may lead to the death of Scott
A.Food shortage. B.Being too tired.
C.Lack of water. D.Extreme cold.
4.What can we know from “and goodbye to most of our dreams”？
A.Scott was satisfied with the result.
B.Losing the race let Scott down.
C.Scott had lost his drive to go back.
D.They dreamed of going back easily.
5.What did Scott mean by writing “but what a price to pay”？
A.He was optimistic about the journey.
B.He spent much money on the journey.
C.Scott felt hopeless and he thought he would die.
D.He regretted not having listening to Kathleen.
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
1.It was ________ later after Amundsen’ arrival that Scott reached the Pole.
A.20 days B.32 days
C.34 days D.40 days
2.Why did Scott and his men become heroes
A.Because they won the race to the Pole.
B.Because they achieved their original goal.
C.Because they returned home safe and sound.
D.Because they showed great courage all the time.
3.What is the author’s attitude to Scott
A.Admirable. B.Pitiful.
C.Objective. D.Disapproving.
4.What’s the text mainly about
A.Amundsen made it to the South Pole.
B.The way to the South Pole can be too hard.
C.The lesson from Captain Scott.
D.A story of the race to the South Pole.
5.How is the text developed
A.By giving examples.
B.By following time order.
C.By analyzing causes.
D.By making comparisons.
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.Have you ever dreamed of going to Antarctic？What difficulties can you imagine there will be on the way？(Creative thinking)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2.If you were Captain Scott, what would you do when the teammates died off？(Critical thinking)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Step Ⅴ　Sentence-learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too.
[句式分析]　While引导时间状语从句，which引导限制性定语从句，修饰a message，注意此处先行词和定语从句被介词短语分隔开。
尝试翻译：_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2.We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.
[句式分析]　句中but连接并列句，第一个分句中that引导宾语从句；第二个分句中though引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句。
尝试翻译：_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3.Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
[句式分析]　but连接并列句；第二个分句中，shown by...为过去分词短语作后置定语，made them heroes为make复合结构。
尝试翻译：_____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Step Ⅵ　Post-reading
Fill in the blanks after reading the text.
On 1 June, 1910, British explorer Captain Robert Falcon Scott was on his way to Antarctica when he received a message from another explorer, 1.____________ (say) that he was going to Antarctica too.Then the race between the two was on.They first organised food bases 2.____________ their journey.Then Amundsen was the first 3.____________ (leave) on 8 September，1911.He and his team arrived at the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there.On 25 January，1912, they returned safely to their starting site.
Captain Scott left on 1 November, 1911, and soon had problems.First, his two sledges broke 4.____________ and then the horses began to have serious difficulties 5.____________ the snow and the cold, so they had to push the sledges themselves.Scott and his four members finally arrived at the Pole only 6.____________ (see) the Norwegian flag.They were shocked and disappointed and began their return journey，one of the worst in the history of 7.____________ (explore).They were tired, running out of food and the weather was terrible.Even so, they found and carried 20 kilos of rocks for the later scientific research, 8.____________ proved that in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
9.____________ (fortunate), the disaster came.All members in the team died one by one.The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his team made them 10.____________ (hero).
Part 2　Language Points——析考点
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.____________ n.上校；队长；组长
2.____________ adj.极地的，地极的
3.____________ vt.证明；证实
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.sledge n.________________
2.ski n.________________
vi.________________
3.tent n.________________
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.____________ n.探险者；勘察者
____________ n.探险；探索
explore vt.探究；探讨；探索
2.____________ n.预备，准备
prepare vi.& vt.把……预备好；使做好准备
3.____________ n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
basis n.基础；准则
basic adj.基本的；基础的
basically adv.基本上；大体上
4.____________ adv.焦虑地；不安地
anxious adj.焦虑；忧虑；担心
anxiety n.焦虑；忧虑
5.____________ n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
6.____________ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
cheer n.欢呼声 vt.欢呼，喝彩
cheerfully adv.兴高采烈地
7.____________ adj.久远的；遥远的
distance n.距离；远方
8.____________ n.坦诚；诚实，正直
honest adj.诚实的；正直的
honestly adv.诚实地；正当地
9.____________ n.真诚，真挚，诚实
sincere adj.诚挚的；真诚的
sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地
10.____________ n.勇气；勇敢的行为
brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的
bravely adv.勇敢地；毅然地
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.________________在去……的路上
2.________________停止运转；出故障
3.________________用完；耗尽
4.________________取得快速进步
5.________________曾经，一度
6.carry on________________
7.in preparation for________________
8.meet the end ________________
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：完全倒装
[原句]　Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着，漆黑的极地冬季来临了。
仿写：窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________with a magazine in his hand.
2.句型公式：have复合结构
[原句]　He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，他的队员都坐在雪板上。
仿写：教练让队员们整个下午都练习他们的技能。
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________the whole afternoon.
3.句型公式：have difficulty (in) doing...
[原句]　The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
下一个离去的是欧茨上校，他走路很困难。
仿写：如果你在记新单词方面费劲，你通过大声地朗读就可以解决问题。
____________________________________________________________________，
you can solve the problem by reading aloud.
1.preparation n.预备，准备
·prepare v.把……预备好；使做好准备
[佳句背诵]　We are making preparations for the coming exam.
我们正在为即将到来的考试做准备。
(1)in preparation for　准备……
make preparations for 为……做准备
(2)prepare for... 为……做准备
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
Mother is preparing us a meal.We may wash our hands and prepare ____________ the meal.
To prepare for the Winter Olympic Games, he trains hard every day.
→____________________________________________________________________
the Winter Olympic Games, he trains hard every day.
→____________________________________________________________________
the Winter Olympic Games, he trains hard every day.
2.base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
·basis n.基础；基本原则
·basic adj.基本的；基础的
[佳句背诵]　These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text.(求助信，全国Ⅲ卷)
这些天，我和我的同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。
(1)base...on/upon...　把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……
(2)on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
____________ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
First, he showed us the ____________ (base) steps and skills of making tea.
____________________________________________， the film is very popular.
依据一个真实的故事改编，这部电影非常受欢迎。
3.prove vt.证明；证实
[佳句背诵]　Give me a chance and I will prove it to you.(申请信)
给我一次机会，我会证明给你看。
(1)prove sth to sb向某人证明某事
prove oneself (to be)... 证明自己是……
prove that... 证明……
It is proved that... 据证明……
(2)prove (to be)＋n./adj. 原来是；证明是
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved ____________ (be) correct.
_______________________________________ the information technology plays an important role in people’s lives.
事实证明，信息技术在人们的生活中起着重要作用。
4.break down停止运转，出故障；(身体等)垮掉；失败；使分解；(谈判)失败
[佳句背诵]　Communication can help break down the barriers between young men and their parents.(建议信)
交流将有助于消除年轻人与他们父母之间的隔阂。
break out　　 突然爆发
break up 粉碎；结束；解散
break through获得重大发现；取得重大突破；冲出
[活学巧用]　语境辨义/完成句子
The printing machines are always breaking down.____________
His health broke down because he had been working too hard.____________
The talks between the two sides have broken down.____________
Everybody was alarmed at the news that war might __________________.
听到战争可能爆发的消息人人感到恐慌。
Although she tried hard, she still _______________________________________.
尽管她努力尝试，但还是不能取得突破。
1.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着，漆黑的极地冬季来临了。
本句为完全倒装语序，主语为the total darkness of the polar winter, 谓语为came。
句型公式|完全倒装
完全倒装有以下几种情况：
(1)将here, there, now, then等地点或时间副词置于句首，谓语动词是be, come, go, remain, lie, run等，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。
(2)表示运动方向的副词out, in, up, down, away等置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。
(3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首或强调地点概念或为保持句子平衡，且句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(lie, stand, exist, live, sit等)时，句子要用完全倒装。
(4)作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语位于句首时，要用“表语＋连系动词＋主语”结构。
(5)such作表语，置于句首，意为“……就是如此”。
[名师点津]
(1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。
(2)完全倒装句式的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
[佳句背诵]
There goes the last bus.
末班公共汽车来了。
Up went the arrow into the air.
弓箭直射向空中。
In front of the classroom stands a tall tree.
教室的前面有一棵大树。
Present at the meeting were some important figures.
出席会议的是一些重要人物。
Such was what he said.　这就是他说的话。
[活学巧用]
单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换
At the meeting place of Yangtze River and the Jialing River ____________ (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.
When we Chinese need help in a foreign land, at our back
____________________________________________________________________.
当我们中国人在国外需要帮助的时候，我们身后永远有一个强大的祖国。
A beautiful castle bathed in the sunshine stands there.(改为倒装结构)
→____________________________________________________________________
bathed in the sunshine.
2.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，他的队员都坐在雪板上。
本句使用了“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中have是使役动词，意为“使，叫，让”。
句型公式|have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
类似句型有以下几种：
(1)have sb/sth doing sth让某人做某事(动作具有持续、进行含义)
(2)have sb do sth让某人做某事
(3)have sth done让/请别人做某事；遭受到
[佳句背诵]
They tried to have her talking, but no use.
他们试图让她说话，但没用。
She had planned to have her daughter marry Laurie.
她本打算让女儿嫁给劳里。
As we left, we had a photograph taken together.
临走时，我们一起拍了一张照片。
[活学巧用]　完成句子
Your parents _______________________________________________________
at such a young age.
你父母不会允许你在这么小的年龄退学。
Please ____________________________________________________________
while they are reviewing their lessons.
请不要让学生在复习功课时受到打扰。
Part 3　Grammar (2)——后缀
后缀
①...he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too.
②...both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
③Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
④Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
⑤Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man.
【自主发现】
句中加黑词是在原词后边加了_______________________形成的新单词，这种构词法叫___________________，是派生词的一种。
后缀词是指在一个词根的后面附加一个或几个字母构成的一个新词。如：snowy中-y就是后缀。通常，后缀会改变单词的词性，构成意思相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
分类 列举 举例
名词 后缀 -er/-or(从事……的人)，-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(……的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ism(主义)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质)，-tion/-ation(动作；过程)，-dom(状态；区域) teacher教师 Japanese日本人 musician音乐家 artist艺术家 movement运动 darkness黑暗 invention发明 freedom自由
动词 后缀 -en(多用于形容词之后)， -fy(使……化)， -ize(使……成为) widen加宽 beautify美化 realize意识到
形容 词后 缀 -al, -able, -an, -ble， -ern, -ful, -ive, -less， -like, -ly, -y, -ous， -some national民族的 reasonable合理的 American美国的 careful细心的 active有活力的
副词 后缀 -ly(用于形容词后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(表示方向) quickly迅速地 angrily生气地 northward朝北 upward (s)向上
数词 后缀 -teen, -th, -ty thirteen十三 fourth第四 forty四十
Ⅰ.用所给词的派生词填空
1.Often，if a person has an ____________(operate)，he will lose lots of blood.
2.Frederick ____________ (successful) entered the final competition last month.
3.The children were taking a test and their parents were waiting outside ____________ (anxious).
4.When walking in the darkness，be ____________ (care) not to fall down.
5.With strong willpower，he is the only _____________ (survive) of this earthquake.
6.To the boy’s great excitement, tomorrow will be his ____________ (fourteen) birthday.
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式完成语段
Few people seem to have much desire or time to cook.1.____________ (make) Chinese dishes is seen as especially 2.____________(trouble).Many 3.____________ (west)who come to China cook much less than in their own 4.____________ (country).I still remember the day when I visited a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was 5.____________ (shock) when I learned she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While eating out 6.____________ (regular) seems to have become common for 7. ________________ (teenage) in recent years, it’s not without a cost.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 8.____________(afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even higher cost on your 9.______________ (healthy).
10.____________(research) have found that eating out too often is one reason why people have 11.____________ (weigh) problems.
If you don’t want to suffer this problem，then here is a 12.____________(suggest) that you go to your mum’s home.(共51张PPT)
Period Ⅲ　Lesson 3
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
Reading Comprehension——通文本
Language Points——析考点
///////////////////
Part 1
Part 2
///////////////////
Grammar (2)——后缀
Part 3
///////////////////
Step Ⅰ　Read for the main idea
Read the text quickly to match the main idea with each part.
Part 1(Lines 1-7)　 A.Journey to the destination.
Part 2(Lines 8-21)　 B.The return journey.
Part 3(Lines 22-45) C.The influence of Captain Scott’s journey to the Antarctic.
Part 4(Lines 46-54) D.Before the journey.
答案　Part 1 D　Part 2 A　Part 3 B　Part 4 C
Step Ⅱ　Read the lines
Read the text quickly and choose the best answers.
1.How long did it take Amundsen and his team to get to the South Pole
√
A.Less than two months.
B.More than two months.
C.More than three months.
D.Nearly four months.
2.Which was NOT the difficulties that Scott and his teammate during their
journey
√
A.Something was wrong with their sledges.
B.Their food was running out.
C.They lost some of their team members.
D.They were blocked by many rocks.
3.What may lead to the death of Scott
√
A.Food shortage. B.Being too tired.
C.Lack of water. D.Extreme cold.
4.What can we know from “and goodbye to most of our dreams”？
√
A.Scott was satisfied with the result.
B.Losing the race let Scott down.
C.Scott had lost his drive to go back.
D.They dreamed of going back easily.
5.What did Scott mean by writing “but what a price to pay”？
√
A.He was optimistic about the journey.
B.He spent much money on the journey.
C.Scott felt hopeless and he thought he would die.
D.He regretted not having listening to Kathleen.
Step Ⅲ　Read between the lines
Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.
1.It was ________ later after Amundsen’ arrival that Scott reached the Pole.
√
A.20 days B.32 days
C.34 days D.40 days
2.Why did Scott and his men become heroes
√
A.Because they won the race to the Pole.
B.Because they achieved their original goal.
C.Because they returned home safe and sound.
D.Because they showed great courage all the time.
3.What is the author’s attitude to Scott
√
A.Admirable. B.Pitiful.
C.Objective. D.Disapproving.
4.What’s the text mainly about
√
A.Amundsen made it to the South Pole.
B.The way to the South Pole can be too hard.
C.The lesson from Captain Scott.
D.A story of the race to the South Pole.
5.How is the text developed
√
A.By giving examples.
B.By following time order.
C.By analyzing causes.
D.By making comparisons.
Step Ⅳ　Read beyond the lines
1.Have you ever dreamed of going to Antarctic？What difficulties can you
imagine there will be on the way？(Creative thinking)
__________________________________________________________________
2.If you were Captain Scott, what would you do when the teammates died off？
(Critical thinking)
___________________________________________________________________
Step Ⅴ　Sentence-learning
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1.While he was on the way to Antarctica, he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too.
　[句式分析]　While引导时间状语从句，which引导限制性定语从句，修饰a message，注意此处先行词和定语从句被介词短语分隔开。
尝试翻译：________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
当他在前往南极洲的途中，他收到了挪威探险家罗尔德 阿蒙森的一封信，信中说他也要向南去。
2.We knew that poor Oates was walking to his death, but though we tried to stop him, we knew that it was the act of a brave man and an English gentleman.
　[句式分析]　句中but连接并列句，第一个分句中that引导宾语从句；第二个分句中though引导让步状语从句，that引导宾语从句。
尝试翻译：________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
我们知道可怜的欧茨正在走向死亡，虽然我们试图阻止他，但我们知道这是一个勇敢的人和一个英国绅士的行为。
3.Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his men made them heroes.
　[句式分析]　but连接并列句；第二个分句中，shown by...为过去分词短语作后置定语，made them heroes为make复合结构。
尝试翻译：________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
斯科特未能赢得到达极点的比赛，但斯科特和他的队员表现出的巨大勇气使他们成为英雄。
Step Ⅵ　Post-reading
Fill in the blanks after reading the text.
　　On 1 June, 1910, British explorer Captain Robert Falcon Scott was on his way to Antarctica when he received a message from another explorer, 1.____________ (say) that he was going to Antarctica too.Then the race between the two was on.They first organised food bases 2.____________ their journey. Then Amundsen was the first 3.____________ (leave) on 8 September，1911.He and his team arrived at the Pole and put a Norwegian flag there.On 25 January，1912, they returned safely to their starting site.
saying
before
to leave
　　Captain Scott left on 1 November, 1911, and soon had problems.First, his two sledges broke 4.____________ and then the horses began to have serious difficulties 5.____________ the snow and the cold, so they had to push the sledges themselves.Scott and his four members finally arrived at the Pole only 6.____________ (see) the Norwegian flag.They were shocked and disappointed and began their return journey，one of the worst in the history of 7.____________ (explore).They were tired, running out of food and the weather was terrible.Even so, they found and carried 20 kilos of rocks for the later scientific research, 8.____________ proved that in the distant past, the continent of Antarctica was covered by plants.
down
with
to see
exploration
which
　　9.____________ (fortunate), the disaster came.All members in the team died one by one.The news of Scott’s death shocked the world.Scott had failed to win the race to the Pole, but the great courage shown by Scott and his team made them 10.____________ (hero).
Unfortunately
heroes
Ⅰ.写作单词——记其形
1.____________ n.上校；队长；组长
2.____________ adj.极地的，地极的
3.____________ vt.证明；证实
captain
polar
prove
Ⅱ.阅读单词——知其意
1.sledge n. ________________
2.ski n. ________________
　　vi. ________________
3.tent n. ________________
雪橇
滑雪板
滑雪
帐篷
Ⅲ.拓展单词——通其变
1.____________ n.探险者；勘察者
　____________ n.探险；探索
　explore vt.探究；探讨；探索
2.____________ n.预备，准备
　prepare vi.& vt.把……预备好；使做好准备
3.____________ n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
　basis n.基础；准则
　basic adj.基本的；基础的
　basically adv.基本上；大体上
explorer
exploration
preparation
base
4.____________ adv.焦虑地；不安地
　anxious adj.焦虑；忧虑；担心
　anxiety n.焦虑；忧虑
5.____________ n.抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿
　ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的
6.____________ adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的
　cheer n.欢呼声 vt.欢呼，喝彩
　cheerfully adv.兴高采烈地
7.____________ adj.久远的；遥远的
　distance n.距离；远方
anxiously
ambition
cheerful
distant
8.____________ n.坦诚；诚实，正直
　honest adj.诚实的；正直的
　honestly adv.诚实地；正当地
9.____________ n.真诚，真挚，诚实
　sincere adj.诚挚的；真诚的
　sincerely adv.真诚地；诚实地
10.____________ n.勇气；勇敢的行为
　brave adj.勇敢的；无畏的
　bravely adv.勇敢地；毅然地
honesty
sincerity
bravery
Ⅳ.必备短语——英汉译
1.______________________在去……的路上
2.______________________停止运转；出故障
3.______________________用完；耗尽
4.______________________取得快速进步
5.______________________曾经，一度
6.carry on ________________
7.in preparation for ________________
8.meet the end ________________
on the way to
break down
run out of
make rapid progress
at one time
继续
为……做准备
迎接结局
Ⅴ.常用句型——会仿写
1.句型公式：完全倒装
[原句]　Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
By the window sat a young man
接着，漆黑的极地冬季来临了。
仿写：窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
__________________________________________ with a magazine in his hand.
2.句型公式：have复合结构
The coach had the players practicing their skills
[原句]　He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，他的队员都坐在雪板上。
仿写：教练让队员们整个下午都练习他们的技能。
_____________________________________________ the whole afternoon.
3.句型公式：have difficulty (in) doing...
If you have trouble (in) memorizing new words
[原句]　The next to go was Captain Oates, who was having great difficulty walking.
下一个离去的是欧茨上校，他走路很困难。
仿写：如果你在记新单词方面费劲，你通过大声地朗读就可以解决问题。
____________________________________________________________________，
you can solve the problem by reading aloud.
1.preparation n.预备，准备
·prepare v.把……预备好；使做好准备
[佳句背诵]　We are making preparations for the coming exam.
我们正在为即将到来的考试做准备。
(1)in preparation for　准备……
make preparations for 为……做准备
(2)prepare for... 为……做准备
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/同义句转换
Mother is preparing us a meal.We may wash our hands and prepare ____________ the meal.
To prepare for the Winter Olympic Games, he trains hard every day.
→________________________________________________ the Winter Olympic Games, he trains hard every day.
→________________________________________________ the Winter Olympic Games, he trains hard every day.
for
In preparation for
To make preparations for
2.base n.基地，大本营；基础 vt.以……为基地
·basis n.基础；基本原则
·basic adj.基本的；基础的
[佳句背诵]　These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text.(求助信，全国Ⅲ卷)
这些天，我和我的同学一起根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。
(1)base...on/upon...　把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……
(2)on the basis of 根据；在……的基础上
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
____________ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
First, he showed us the ____________ (base) steps and skills of making tea.
____________________________， the film is very popular.
依据一个真实的故事改编，这部电影非常受欢迎。
Basing
basic
Based on a true story
3.prove vt.证明；证实
[佳句背诵]　Give me a chance and I will prove it to you.(申请信)
给我一次机会，我会证明给你看。
(1)prove sth to sb向某人证明某事
prove oneself (to be)... 证明自己是……
prove that... 证明……
It is proved that... 据证明……
(2)prove (to be)＋n./adj. 原来是；证明是
[活学巧用]　单句语法填空/完成句子
As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved ____________ (be) correct.
_________________________ the information technology plays an important role in people’s lives.
事实证明，信息技术在人们的生活中起着重要作用。
to be
It is proved that
4.break down停止运转，出故障；(身体等)垮掉；失败；使分解；(谈判)失败
[佳句背诵]　Communication can help break down the barriers between young men and their parents.(建议信)
交流将有助于消除年轻人与他们父母之间的隔阂。
break out　　 突然爆发
break up 粉碎；结束；解散
break through获得重大发现；取得重大突破；冲出
[活学巧用]　语境辨义/完成句子
The printing machines are always breaking down.____________
His health broke down because he had been working too hard.____________
The talks between the two sides have broken down.____________
Everybody was alarmed at the news that war might __________________.
听到战争可能爆发的消息人人感到恐慌。
Although she tried hard, she still ____________________________________.
尽管她努力尝试，但还是不能取得突破。
出故障
(身体等)垮掉
(谈判)失败
break out
couldn’t break through
1.Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
接着，漆黑的极地冬季来临了。
本句为完全倒装语序，主语为the total darkness of the polar winter, 谓语为came。
句型公式|完全倒装
完全倒装有以下几种情况：
(1)将here, there, now, then等地点或时间副词置于句首，谓语动词是be, come, go, remain, lie, run等，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。
(2)表示运动方向的副词out, in, up, down, away等置于句首，谓语是表示运动的动词，且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装。
(3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首或强调地点概念或为保持句子平衡，且句子的谓语是表示存在意义的动词(lie, stand, exist, live, sit等)时，句子要用完全倒装。
(4)作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语位于句首时，要用“表语＋连系动词＋主语”结构。
(5)such作表语，置于句首，意为“……就是如此”。
[名师点津]
(1)在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。
(2)完全倒装句式的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
[佳句背诵]
There goes the last bus.
末班公共汽车来了。
Up went the arrow into the air.
弓箭直射向空中。
In front of the classroom stands a tall tree.
教室的前面有一棵大树。
Present at the meeting were some important figures.
出席会议的是一些重要人物。
Such was what he said.　这就是他说的话。
[活学巧用]
单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句转换
At the meeting place of Yangtze River and the Jialing River ____________ (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.
When we Chinese need help in a foreign land, at our back
____________________________________________________________________.
当我们中国人在国外需要帮助的时候，我们身后永远有一个强大的祖国。
A beautiful castle bathed in the sunshine stands there.(改为倒装结构)
→_______________________________________________ bathed in the sunshine.
lies
stands a strong motherland
There stands a beautiful castle
2.He had teams of dogs pulling the sledges and all his men were on skis.
他让成群的狗拉着雪橇，他的队员都坐在雪板上。
本句使用了“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，其中have是使役动词，意为“使，叫，让”。
句型公式|have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
类似句型有以下几种：
(1)have sb/sth doing sth让某人做某事(动作具有持续、进行含义)
(2)have sb do sth让某人做某事
(3)have sth done让/请别人做某事；遭受到
[佳句背诵]
They tried to have her talking, but no use.
他们试图让她说话，但没用。
She had planned to have her daughter marry Laurie.
她本打算让女儿嫁给劳里。
As we left, we had a photograph taken together.
临走时，我们一起拍了一张照片。
[活学巧用]　完成句子
Your parents _______________________________________________________
at such a young age.
你父母不会允许你在这么小的年龄退学。
Please ____________________________________________________________
while they are reviewing their lessons.
请不要让学生在复习功课时受到打扰。
won’t have you dropping out of school
don’t have the students disturbed
①...he received a message from the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen which said he was going south, too.
②...both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.
③Then came the total darkness of the polar winter.
④Scott and Amundsen waited anxiously for spring.
⑤Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, for sincerity, for bravery, for everything that makes a man.
【自主发现】
句中加黑词是在原词后边加了_______________________形成的新单词，这种构词法叫___________________，是派生词的一种。
后缀
派生法
　　后缀词是指在一个词根的后面附加一个或几个字母构成的一个新词。如：snowy中-y就是后缀。通常，后缀会改变单词的词性，构成意思相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
分类 列举 举例
名词 后缀 -er/-or(从事……的人)，-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ian(……的人)，-ist(专业人员)，-ism(主义)，-ment(性质；状态)，-ness(性质)，-tion/-ation(动作；过程)，-dom(状态；区域) teacher教师
Japanese日本人
musician音乐家
artist艺术家
movement运动
darkness黑暗
invention发明
freedom自由
分类 列举 举例
动词 后缀 -en(多用于形容词之后)， -fy(使……化)， -ize(使……成为) widen加宽
beautify美化
realize意识到
形容 词后 缀 -al, -able, -an, -ble， -ern, -ful, -ive, -less， -like, -ly, -y, -ous， -some national民族的
reasonable合理的
American美国的
careful细心的
active有活力的
副词 后缀 -ly(用于形容词后表 示方式或程度)， -ward(s)(表示方向) quickly迅速地
angrily生气地
northward朝北
upward (s)向上
数词 后缀 -teen, -th, -ty thirteen十三
fourth第四
forty四十
Ⅰ.用所给词的派生词填空
1.Often，if a person has an ____________(operate)，he will lose lots of blood.
2.Frederick ____________ (successful) entered the final competition last month.
3.The children were taking a test and their parents were waiting outside ____________ (anxious).
4.When walking in the darkness，be ____________ (care) not to fall down.
5.With strong willpower，he is the only _____________ (survive) of this earthquake.
6.To the boy’s great excitement, tomorrow will be his ____________ (fourteen) birthday.
operation
successfully
anxiously
careful
survivor
fourteenth
Ⅱ.用所给词的正确形式完成语段
　　Few people seem to have much desire or time to cook.1.____________ (make) Chinese dishes is seen as especially 2.___________(trouble).Many 3.___________ (west)who come to China cook much less than in their own 4.____________ (country).I still remember the day when I visited a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was 5.____________ (shock) when I learned she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
Making
troublesome
westerners
countries
shocked
　　While eating out 6.____________ (regular) seems to have become common for 7. ________________ (teenage) in recent years, it’s not without a cost.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 8.____________ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even higher cost on your 9.______________ (healthy).
　　10.____________(research) have found that eating out too often is one reason why people have 11.____________ (weigh) problems.
　　If you don’t want to suffer this problem，then here is a 12.____________ (suggest) that you go to your mum’s home.
regularly
teenagers
affordable
health
Researchers
weight
suggestion

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