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明德中学2023年下学期高一年级10月阶段检测
英语试卷 2023. 10
时量：120分钟 总分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman also want to be
A. A director. B. An actress. C. A songwriter.
2. What will Sam do tonight
A. Take a flight. B. Attend a party. C. Have a meeting.
3. What does the man suggest they do first
A. Eat something. B. Get out of town. C. Take some medicine.
4. What does the man like about the woman's shirt
A. The price. B. The color. C. The material.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Clothing. B. Weather. C. Body temperature.
第二节（共15 小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟； 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What will the speakers do next
A. Go to the concert. B. Do some exercise. C. Have coffee with some people.
7. When is the man's next class
A. In an hour. B. In half an hour. C. In one and a half hours.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What's the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Co- workers. B. Family members. C. Teacher and student.
9. What will the man do first after he quits his job
A. Study abroad. B. Go traveling. C. Find a new one.
听第8段材料，回答第10至 12题。
10. What kind of soup might the woman make
A. Vegetable soup. B. Chicken soup. C. Cheese soup.
11. What is the weather like this week
A. Cold. B. Cool. C. Hot.
12. In which area is the dessert located
A. Area 3. B. Area 4. C. Area 7.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What do the speakers talk about first
A The man's favorite actor. B. The man's favorite country. C. The woman's favorite movie.
14. What impresses the man most about Tokyo
A. The weather. B. The people. C. The food.
15. What does the woman think of Barcelona
A. The city is noisy. B. The life is colorful. C. The cost of living is high.
16. What does the woman like doing at the seaside
A. Reading. B. Playing volleyball. C. Having a barbecue.
听第10段材料，回答第17至 20题。
17. Who is the speaker
A. A writer. B. A reporter. C. An editor.
18. What is necessary for a volunteer to have
A. Experience. B. High scores. C. Speaking skills.
19. What's the best reason for taking the job
A. To have fun. B. To make money. C. To know more people.
20. When are volunteers expected to talk to the speaker
A. Next week. B. Tomorrow morning. C. Right after the meeting.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D ) 中，选出最佳选项。
A
A Woman Endures Marilyn Hering www. Paperback | E-book $10.95 | $3.99 The Diary of an Iraqi National Saad H Al Ajeel www. Paperback | E-book $36.00 | $6.00
Following the loss of her baby and marriage, Eleanor decides to move to South Carolina to run an inherited tea plantation. There she will learn to grow tea, and possibly something more: romance. In the almost one hundred years of the life of modern Iraq （from 1921 onwards）, Saad H Al Ajeel describes the different stages that Iraq has passed through.
Hot Horse Harry Jerry Lee Miller www. Paperback | E-book $21.99 | $3.99 Cat Tales : Da Real Pussy Mick E. Jones www. Hardback | Paperback | E-book $15.99 I $12.99 | $3.99
Hot Horse Harry lived up to his name, mad at the world. But when a series of unfortunate events came, the quick-tempered Harry changed. The book is designed for children under 12. Cat Tales: Da Real Pussy reveals that the spirit of a supreme being exist in all things living. The book also supports the concept that cats are creatures of myth and mystery.
1. If you are a history lover, which book suits you best
A. The Diary of an Iraqi National B. Hot Horse Harry
C. Cat Tales: Da Real Pussy D. A Woman Endures
2. If you want to buy a hardback edition, whose book will you choose
A. Marilyn Hering’s B. Saad H Al Ajeel’s
C. Jerry Lee Miller’s D. Mick E. Jones’s
3. To buy a book for your kid aged 6, how much can you save if you choose its E-book
A. $7 B. $12 C. $30 D. $18
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四本书的作者、故事和价格等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。本题题干意为：如果你喜欢历史，那本书最佳的适合你？根据文章第二本书The Diary of an Iraqi National，In the almost one hundred years of the life of modem Iraq（from 1921 onwards）,Saad H Al Ajeel describes the different stages that Iraq has passed through. 在近一百年的现代伊拉克生活(自1921年起)中，Saad H Al Ajeel描述了伊拉克所经历的不同阶段，可知此本书讲解的主要是历史。故答案为A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。句意：如果你想买精装版，你会选谁的书 根据文章对四本书的描述当中的Hardback，只有Cat Tales Da Real Pussy是精装书。故答案为D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。本题题干意为：为6岁的孩子买一本书，如果选择电子书，能省多少钱 根据文章Hot Horse Harry对这本书的描述中The book is designed for children under 12.（这本书是为12岁以下的儿童所设计的。）电子书的价格是$3.99，平装书的价格是$21.99。买电子书可节省$18。故答案为D。
B
My wife has watched me write, blog and make speeches for a few years now. I’ve encouraged her to do her own video blog (vlog), too, because she is always watching them, but she hasn’t been interested in the spotlight.
Now that enough time has passed, she is ready to go for it! Angelika is a great cook, so she is going to do a cooking show. I am just thrilled that she has found a passion to pursue in a way that works for her.
I’m smart enough to step back and let her go at her own pace. I know that being there for emotional support or however she needs me is important. Now that my wife will have a studio worthy of her talents and personality, she will only make the kitchen look better.
Part of me hopes that I will spend the rest of my life watching and tasting her creations. When you start to express your creative drive, it can be a wonderful ride. When the love of your life takes the ride with you, and starts to drive, it’s pretty cool way to travel through life.
I am at my best when being creative, whether in front of a keyboard or a live audience. I have always encouraged creative answers to life. There is always more than one right way to do something.
Yes, public attention in our social media world has become a marker of success, but it means more when you are sending a positive message. Helping people enjoy their lives a little more is a big deal.
This project will not just make her happy but make us closer. I am aware that this is her project, not mine. I will answer any questions she asks but be careful about offering unwanted advice. What she doesn't know she will learn. You never want to take that process away from anyone.
4. Why didn’t Angelika try vlogging before
A. She was too busy to do it. B. She had no such talent or skill.
C. She lacked self-confidence. D. She didn’t enjoy being on camera.
5. What’s the author’s attitude to Angelika’s decision
A. Worried. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned.
6. What does the author think is important in doing a vlog
A. Delivering positive messages with creativity.
B. Showing how successful you are.
C. Experiencing the ups and downs it brings.
D. Interacting with a live audience.
7. How will the author help his wife
A. He will prepare ingredients. B. He will provide emotional support.
C. He will offer comments. D. He will guide her every step.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者的妻子决定做视频博客。作者阐述了自己支持妻子这么做的原因。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I’ve encouraged her to do her own video blog (vlog), too, because she is always watching them, but she hasn’t been interested in the spotlight.”可知，作者鼓励妻子做自己的视频博客(vlog)，因为她总是在看视频，但她对聚光灯并不感兴趣。由此可知，因为作者的妻子不喜欢处在聚光灯下，所以她没有尝试视频博客。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“ I am just thrilled that she has found a passion to pursue in a way that works for her.”和第三段“I know that being there for emotional support or however she needs me is important.”可知，作者对于妻子的决定很激动，因为妻子找到了一种激情。作者知道在她需要的时候给予她情感上的支持是很重要的。由此可知，作者支持妻子的决定。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“public attention in our social media world has become a marker of success, but it means more when you are sending a positive message. Helping people enjoy their lives a little more is a big deal.”可知，作者认为，在我们的社交媒体世界里，公众的关注已经成为成功的标志，但当你在传递积极的信息时，公众的关注意味着更多。帮助人们多享受一点生活是一件大事。由此可知，在做视频博客的时候，传递积极的信息是非常重要的。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I know that being there for emotional support or however she needs me is important.”可知，作者会给妻子提供情感支持。故选B。
C
In the coming era of budget(预算) cuts to education, distance learning could become a common thing.
The appeal to those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology is so strong that they tend to ignore the disadvantages of distance learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. It’s true that online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people, which can result in greater savings, but moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster.
Physically attending school has hidden benefits: getting up every morning interacting with peers, and building relationships with teachers are important skills to cultivate(培养) in young people. Moreover, schools are more than simple places of traditional learning. They are also places that provide meals, places where students receive mental help and other support.
Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to transform education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first 18 years of life, American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and enhance their capacity to compete in a competitive job market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently “remote”.
The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.
8. What is one possible benefit of students attending school physically
A. Forming the habit of getting up early.
B. Eating nutritionally well-balanced meals.
C. Growing into living and breathing human beings.
D. Developing relationships with peers and teachers.
9. What does the author think of the latest technology in education
A. It may reduce face-to-face interaction.
B. It may make many teachers jobless.
C. It may add to student’s financial burden.
D. It may revolutionize classroom teaching.
10. What does the author say teachers are expected to do
A. To enhance student’s leadership capacity.
B. To teach students skills in applying for jobs.
C. To enable students to adapt to the changes in life.
D. To prepare students to be competitive in the future.
11. Why couldn’t technology replace a good teacher
A. It lacks humanity. B. It can’t meet personal needs.
C. It is still not advanced. D. It can’t track students’ growth.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者论述了自己对线上教学和传统课堂的看法，认为线上教学有诸多弊端，传统课堂还是应该成为主流教学。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Physically attending school has hidden benefits: getting up every morning interacting with peers, and building relationships with teachers are important skills to cultivate(培养) in young people. ”（实际上，上学有隐藏的好处：每天早上起床与同龄人互动，与老师建立关系，是培养年轻人的重要技能。）可知，上学可以让学生发展与老师和同龄人之间的关系。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. ”（教育视频可能会传递学术内容，但是它们无法与学生进行眼神交流或者无法评估学生的参与度。）可知，作者认为最新的教育不能与学生眼神交流，推断出作者认为新的教育技术减少了面对面的互动。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and enhance their capacity to compete in a competitive job market.”（但是老师被期盼要为他们做负责任的公民，培养他们的社交技能，鼓励他们成功地管理时间，并且提高他们在竞争激烈的就业市场上竞争能力的准备。）可知，老师要做的都是对孩子未来产生影响的事情，推断出老师要为学生未来在各个领域有竞争力做准备。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.”（课堂力量根植于聚集在同一地点同一时间的人们的素质，包括他们的天性，同理心，奉献精神等等。不管多么先进，科技只应该作为好老师手里的工具。）可知，课堂教学能带给人们关于天性，同理心和奉献精神等的关于人性的素质提升，而科技只能作为工具，推断出科技缺少人性。故选A项。
D
JeffBezos has a rule at Amazon, or perhaps more appropriate a philosophy. If a team cannot be fed by two pizzas then that team is too large. The reasoning is quite straightforward and basic. More people means more communication, more bureaucracy, more chaos, and more of pretty much everything that slows things down, hence why large organizations are oftentimes considered as being so inefficient.
In 2013 Gallup released a report called “The State of The American Workplace", in which they found that smaller companies had more engaged employees. In fact,42% of employees working at companies of 10 or fewer were engaged at work versus only 30% of employees at large companies.
Most people are not familiar with the Ringelmann Effect which is the tendency for individual members to become less productive as the size of a group increases. This concept was named after Maximilien Ringelmann, a French professor of agricultural engineering who passed away in 1931.In one of his experiments he asked volunteers to perform a very simple task, to pull on a rope. He found that when only one person is pulling on the rope they give 100% of their effort; however, as more people are added the individual effort goes down.
This experiment was recreated in the 1970's by Alan Ingham who came up with the concept of “social loafing” which helps us understand why the individual effort decreases as the team size increases. So why does this happen Because it becomes harder to extract the individual contributions and performance of each person.
Organizations should really think about what their team structures look like and create and follow similar “two pizza rules”. It's no coincidence that smaller organizations are oftentimes more nimble while large organizations look like they are stuck in the mud.
12. What is the author's purpose of mentioning “two pizza rules” in paragraph 1
A. To make a comment.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To provide an example.
D. To analyze a phenomenon.
13. What is special about the Alan Ingham's experiment
A. It repeated the Ringelmann Effect experiment.
B. It was based on a simple task of pulling a rope.
C. It aimed to explore the reason behind the phenomenon.
D. It revealed the link between team size and individual effort.
14. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “nimble” in the last paragraph
A. Balanced.
B. Complicated.
C. Simple.
D. Flexible.
15 What can be a suitable title for the text
A. What Makes a Team More Productive
B. Why Are Smaller Teams Better Than Larger Ones
C. How Can Two Pizzas Be Shared by One Team
D. Which Is More Important: Individual Effort r Team Size
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【分析】本文议论文。文章通过一个实验“美国工作场所状况的报告”和两个实验“林格曼效应”和 “社会化惰性”说明 “团队大小”和个人努力”之间的关系，以及背后的原因。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。第一段在提到“ If a team cannot be fed by two pizzas then that team is too large.(如果一个队两块披萨都不能喂饱，那么那个队就太大了。)”后说到“More people means more communication, more bureaucracy, more chaos, and more of pretty much everything that slows things down, hence why large organizations are oftentimes considered as being so inefficient.( 更多的人意味着更多的沟通，更多的官僚主义，更多的混乱，以及更多的所有减缓事情，因此为什么大型组织经常被认为是如此低效率。)”，因此可以推断提到“two pizza rules”是为了引出本文主题。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“This experiment was recreated in the 1970's by Alan Ingham（这个实验是在20世纪70年代由Alan Ingham重新创造的）”和“So why does this happen ( 那么，为什么会发生这种情况呢？)”可知Alan Ingham’s experiment不是对于the Ringelmann Effect experiment的简单重复，而是进一步探究了背后的原因，因此得出A选项错误，C选项正确；根据第三段的“In one of his experiments he asked volunteers to perform a very simple task, to pull on a rope.（在他的一次实验中，他要求志愿者们完成一项非常简单的任务，即拉一根绳子。） ”可知pulling a rope(拉一根绳子)是the Ringelmann Effect experiment的实验内容，因此排除；D选项是两个实验共同的内容，并不是Alan Ingham’s experiment的特殊之处，因此排除；故选C。
【14题详解】
词义猜测题。从最后一段的 “It's no coincidence that smaller organizations are oftentimes more nimble while large organizations look like they are stuck in the mud. (较小的组织往往更nimble，而大组织看起来却陷入了困境，这并不是巧合。)”尤其是“stuck in the mud”可推断较小的组织相比大组织更为灵活高效，与D项flexible“灵活的”意思相近，故选D。
15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“hence why large organizations are oftentimes considered as being so inefficient.( 因此，为什么大型组织经常被认为效率如此低下。)”和最后一段的最后一句“It's no coincidence that smaller organizations are oftentimes more nimble while large organizations look like they are stuck in the mud.(较小的组织往往更灵活，而大组织看起来却陷入了困境，这并不是巧合。)”可知本文比较了large organizations和small organizations的效率并探究了其背后的原因。A选项把范围扩大了，影响团队效率的不止team size一个因素，因此排除；C选项只提到two pizza rules，而且有理解偏差，因此排除；D选项没有揭示team size和individual effort之间的关联，排除；B“为什么小的团队比大的更好？”为最佳标题，解释了主题，故选B。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分 12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选山可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Did you take part in a camp this summer ___16___ To choose which camp is best for you, first you must do a bit of research.
Maybe you've never thought about it before, but every great summer camp has the same main goals — opportunity, challenge and growth.
Opportunity means you are given a chance to do something special. ___17___ For example, if you are interested in writing, then you can choose to join a journalism camp. You may even have the opportunity to meet famous journalists there.
___18___ You must finish the task and succeed in overcoming the challenge. Then you will have a sense of accomplishment. For example, you could take a lifeguard course at some summer camps. If you pass the exam, then you will receive a certificate (证书）to become a real lifeguard.
This also leads to the third and most important goal of every great summer camp personal growth. It doesn’t mean growing taller and stronger or more beautiful. It means seeing yourself improve, learning something new and doing something you didn’t know you could do before. ___19___.
So in the future, when choosing your next summer camp, remember to ask yourself: Is it a special opportunity Is it a challenge Will I grow
___20___ These will all happen naturally when you have the right goals at summer camp.
A. Challenge means you are given a task.
B. It also means becoming more confident in yourself.
C. Some camps focus on developing a certain skill or ability.
D. But what about friendship, fun and joy
E. There are so many summer camps and not all of them are the same.
F. Of course, summer camps aren't all about adventure or study.
G. It also makes you special because other kids don't have the same opportunity.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. A 19. B 20. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章要求你选择最适合你的夏令营。也许你以前从未想过，但每一个伟大的夏令营都有同样的主要目标——机遇、挑战和成长。
【16题详解】
下文提示“要选择哪个阵营对你来说是最好的，首先你必须做一些研究。”承接下文，E项There are so many summer camps and not all of them are the same.“有这么多夏令营，但并不是所有的夏令营都是一样的。”切题。该项中的not all of them are the same.与To choose which camp is best for you,相吻合。故选E。
【17题详解】
上文提示“机会意味着你有机会做一些特别的事情。”承接上文，G项It also makes you special because other kids don't have the same opportunity.“这也让你与众不同，因为其他孩子没有同样的机会。”切题。关键词opportunity。故选G。
【18题详解】
下文提示“你必须完成这项任务，并成功地克服挑战。”承接下文，A项Challenge means you are given a task.“挑战意味着你被赋予了一项任务。”切题。关键词Challenge和task。故选A。
【19题详解】
上文提示“这意味着看到你自己进步，学习新的东西，做一些你以前不知道你可以做的事情。”承接上文，B项It also means becoming more confident in yourself.“这也意味着你对自己更有信心。”切题。关键词also将上下句连在一起。故选B。
【20题详解】
上文提示“这是一个特殊的机会吗？这是一个挑战吗 我能长大吗 ”下文提示“当你在夏令营中有正确的目标时，这些都会自然而然地发生。”承接上下文，D项But what about friendship, fun and joy “但是友谊、乐趣和快乐呢？”切题。该项中的But用转折关系和上文连在一起；下文中的These指的就是该项内容what about friendship, fun and joy 故选D。
【点睛】做七选五时“当心文中小also”，also是“也”的意思，这就说明前文一定存在它的一个分支了，本题第4小题，前文交代“It means seeing yourself improve, learning something new and doing something you didn’t know you could do before.”虽然看上去很长的一句话，但是重点就三个单词“seeing yourself improve”，此时在空中填上“It also means becoming more confident in yourself.”，（关键词It also means becoming more confident）这样一对应就很工整了。当然“also”只是一个代表罢了，可以表示递进的词还有很多：what’ more, besides, in addition等等。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a Straight-A student, I believed I could ___21___ tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he ___22___ in class.
When I took the first exam, I was ___23___ to find a 77,C-plus, on my test paper, for English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained ___24___ .
I decided to try harder, although I didn't know what that ___25___ because school had always been easy for me. I read the books more carefully, but got another 77. Again, I ___26___ with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldn't change his mind.
One more test before the final exam. One more ___27___ to improve my grade. So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time, ___28___ the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my ___29___ did no good and everything went as before.
The last hurdle(障碍) was the final. No matter what ____30____ I got, it wouldn't cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the ____31____ goodbye.
I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even ____32____ myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I'd have ____33____ with a test. A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A.I hurried into Professor Jayne's office. He seemed to be expecting me. “If I gave you the A as you ____34____ , you wouldn't continue to work as hard.”
I stared at him, ____35____ that his analysis and strategy (策略) were correct.I had worked my head off, as I had never done before.
I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. I've always remembered Professor Jayne's lesson: you alone must set your own standard of excellence.
21. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get
22. A. sought B. presented C. exchanged D. obtained
23. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious
24. A. unchanged B. unpleasant C. unfriendly D. unmoved
25. A. reflected B. meant C. improved D. affected
26. A. quarreled B. reasoned C. bargained D. chatted
27. A. choice B. step C. chance D. measure
28. A. memorized B. considered C. accepted D. learned
29. A. ambition B. confidence C. effort D. method
30. A. grade B. answer C. lesson D. comment
31. A. scholarship B. course C. degree D. subject
32. A. helped B. favored C. treated D. relaxed
33. A. fun B. luck C. problems D. tricks
34. A. valued B. imagined C. expected D. welcomed
35. A. remembering B. guessing C. supposing D. realizing
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一直都是班里的优等生，但进入伯克利后却连得三次C+，虽然心里不认同，但还是更加努力地学习，最后终于得到了理想的成绩。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于一直是个优秀的学生，我相信我能够学习难学的课程并且真正学习到知识。A. take拿，带，学习；B. discuss讨论；C. cover覆盖；D. get得到。根据前文“Having been a Straight-A student,”可知，此处表示作者一直是优等生，因此相信自己能够学习难学的课程，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对他上课时表达出的想法十分感兴趣。A. sought寻找；B. presented呈现；C. exchanged交换；D. obtained获得。根据后文的“in class”可知，此处表示课上呈现的那些想法，故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第一次考试时，我很震惊我居然只有77分，C+，因为英语是我最擅长的科目。A. shocked吃惊的，震惊的；B. worried担心的；C. scared害怕的；D. anxious着急的，焦虑的。根据后文“for English was my best subject.”可知，此处表示作者擅长英语，却只得到了77分，因此很震惊，故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我跑去找教授，但是他听着我的争论，一动不动。A. unchanged未改变的；B. unpleasant不高兴的；C. unfriendly不友好的；D. unmoved无动于衷的，不动摇的。根据后文的提示“Again, he listened patiently but wouldn't change his mind.”可知，此处指教授听着我的争论，无动于衷，不改变主语，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定要更加努力，尽管我不知道那意味着什么，因为学校对我来说总是很简单的事。A. reflected反射，反应；B. meant意味着；C. improved提高，提升；D. affected影响。根据后文“because school had always been easy for me.”可知，此处表示作者学校很容易，因此不知道更加努力意味着什么，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我再一次找教授理论。A. quarreled争吵；B. reasoned理论；C. bargained讨价还价；D. chatted聊天。根据后文“Again, he listened patiently but wouldn't change his mind.”可知，此处表示作者去找教授理论，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：多了一次提高分数的机会。A. choice选择；B. step步；C. chance机会；D. measure措施。根据前文“One more test before the final exam.”可知，此处表示期末考试前多了一次考试，作者也就多了一次提高分数的机会，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此我加倍努力，第一次理解到了“彻底的”意义。A. memorized记住；B. considered考虑；C. accepted接受；D. learned学到，理解到。根据前文“I decided to try harder, although I didn't know what that ___5___ because school had always been easy for me.”可知，之前作者不懂得努力的意思，但这一次却理解到了彻底努力的意思，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我的努力却没有结果，一切都回到了原点。A. ambition抱负；B. confidence信心；C. effort努力；D. method方法。根据前文“decided to try harder，redoubled my efforts”可知，作者努力了，却没有得到相应的结果，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论我获得什么分数，也无法取消之前的三次C+。A. grade分数；B. answer答案；C. lesson课程，教训；D. comment评论。根据后文的“it wouldn't cancel three C-pluses.”可知，此处表示无论获得什么分数，故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：与奖学金也无缘了。A. scholarship奖学金；B. course课程；C. degree等级；D. subject科目。根据前文“it wouldn't cancel three C-pluses.”可知，作者三次成绩都是C+，故与奖学金无缘了，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在考试前一晚，我甚至去看了场电影。A. helped帮助；B. favored喜欢；C. treated款待；D. relaxed使放松。根据前文“I might as well kiss the ___11___ goodbye.”可知，此处表示作者认为无法得到奖学金了，因此没有了压力，在考试前一晚去看了电影，故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，我决定，就这一次，轻松对待这次考试。A. fun乐趣，轻松；B. luck运气；C. problems问题；D. tricks诡计。根据前文“I might as well kiss the ___11___ goodbye.” 可知，此处表示作者认为无法得到奖学金了，因此没有了压力，故要轻松对待这次考试，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我给你你所希望的A，那么你就不会那样努力学习了。A. valued重视，看重；B. imagined想象；C. expected期望；D. welcomed欢迎。根据空前“the A as you”可知，此处表示作者一直期盼的A，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着他，意识到他的分析和策略是正确的。A. remembering记住；B. guessing猜想；C. suppose假设；D. realizing意识到。根据前文“He seemed to be expecting me. “If I gave you the A as you ___14___ , you wouldn't continue to work as hard.””可知，此处表示教授说明了他的理由，我也意识到他是正确的，故选D。
第二节 语篇语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分 15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you want to make your body more flexible, try balancing on a bamboo pole! Single bamboo drifting (漂流) is ____36____ unique sport and a cultural heritage of people setting in Guizhou, China.
The sport is a custom that has been passed down from generation to generation of the people there and it ____37____ (include) in the sports events for the first time at the 9th National Minority Traditional Sports Games in 2011. Local middle school students enjoy ____38____ (practice) the sport. Many adults, including the old, also take part in the sport. This activity attracts many tourists from outside of Guizhou every year. During the activity, players will dress up ____39____ traditional clothing and move forward on a bamboo pole in the water, ____40____ is fun to watch.
The requirements of the sport are simple but ____41____ (challenge)! Athletes have to balance on a narrow bamboo pole ____42____ carefully drive it down the river with a thin stick. During the ____43____ (compete), the athletes will give special performances. Jumping and push-ups are some of the most common, but the more experienced ones often use their imagination to experiment more.
Single bamboo drifting ____44____ (have) origins reportedly going back to China’s ethnic minorities which are from the Red River Basin. If you visit Guizhou and enjoy the sport, _____45_____ (probable) the culture will impress you!
【答案】36. a 37. was included
38. practicing
39. in 40. which
41. challenging
42. and petition
44 has 45. probably
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了独竹漂这一项运动。
【36题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：独竹漂是中国贵州人民独特的体育运动和文化遗产。根据下文“a cultural heritage”可知，此处表示“一项独特的运动”，所以用不定冠词，unique是以辅音音素开头。故填a。
【37题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：这项运动是当地人民代代相传的习俗，在2011年第九届全国少数民族传统体育运动会上首次被列入体育项目。此处为句子谓语，根据时间状语“in 2011”可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语it与include为动宾关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was included。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当地的中学生喜欢练习这项运动。enjoy doing译为“喜欢做某事”，enjoy后跟动名词形式作宾语。故填practicing。
【39题详解】
考查介词。句意：在活动中，玩家们会穿着传统服装，在水中踩着竹竿向前移动，非常有趣。固定搭配“dress up in+服装”译为“穿着……装扮”。故填in。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意同上。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前一句话，所以用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这项运动的要求很简单，但很有挑战性！根据空格前的simple可知，此处填入形容词challenging“具有挑战性的”作表语。故填challenging。
【42题详解】
考查连词。句意：运动员必须在一根狭窄的竹竿上保持平衡，然后用一根细棍小心翼翼地将竹竿推向下游。根据空前“balance on a narrow bamboo pole”和空后“drive it down the river”可知，空处前后两个连续的动作或任务，此处表示递进、顺承关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：比赛期间，运动员将进行特别表演。根据空格前的the可知，空处应填入名词competition“比赛”作宾语。故填competition。
【44题详解】
考查时态。句意：据报道，单竹漂流的起源可以追溯到中国红河流域的少数民族。空处是句子的谓语动词，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语Single bamboo drifting为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：如果你到贵州来享受这项运动，那里的文化可能会给你留下深刻的印象！根据句意可知，空处修饰整个句子“the culture will impress you”，应用副词形式，作状语。故填probably。
第四部分 单句语法填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或填括号内单词的正确形式，或根据提示填入教材所学内容。
46. ________ (set) goals gives you a focus in life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Setting
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：设定目标让你专注于生活。本句谓语为gives，此处为非谓语动词，设定空处作主语，应用set“设定”的动名词形式。置于句首首字母应大写。故填Setting。
47. Sometimes they forget that growing up is a ________ (艰难的) ride. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】rough
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：有时他们忘记了成长是一段艰难的旅程。根据汉语提示以及下文名词ride可知，此处填入形容词rough“艰难的”作定语。故填rough。
48. You should listen to your parents carefully and ________ (消除) their concerns. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】eliminate##remove
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：你应该认真听取父母的意见，并消除他们的顾虑。根据汉语提示“消除”及句子的语境可知，应填入动词eliminate或remove，表示“消除”，与情态动词should搭配，用动词原形。故填：eliminate或remove。
49. I can’t wait to describe to you ________ senior high school life is like. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：我迫不及待地想向你描述高中生活是什么样的。what sth. be like 是固定句型，表示对某事物的看法。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“什么”，用what。故填what。
50. You enter a strange middle-ground ________ you are no longer a small child but not quite an adult. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你进入了一个奇怪的中间地带，你不再是一个小孩子，但也不完全是一个成年人。此处为定语从句，先行词middle-ground(中间地带)在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导限制性定语从句。故填where。
51. I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less ________ (advance) in the UK than in China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】advanced
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我发现数学很简单，也很有趣，因为英国的教材不如中国先进。观察句子可知，空处应填形容词与less后构成比较级，作表语；advanced意思为：先进的，符合题意。故填advanced。
52. You need to make a ____________ (continue) effort to train your mind and develop your character. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】continuous
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：你需要不断地努力来训练你的思想，发展你的性格。空处作定语修饰名词“effort”，应填形容词形式continuous“连续的，持续的”。故填continuous。
53. I believe you will acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal ________ (grow) in senior high school. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】growth
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我相信你将在高中获得丰富的知识并享受个人成长。所给词为动词grow，需变为名词形式growth，作enjoy的宾语，表示“成长”。故填growth。
54. Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door ________ your potential. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：最重要的是，你在高中的时间和努力将打开你潜能的大门。open the door to是固定搭配，意思是“为……打开大门”，其中to为介词。故填to。
55. ________ equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Of
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：同样重要的是良好的学习习惯、有用的技能和积极的态度。句子是倒装句，主语是good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude，此处是be of+抽象名词=be +adj.结构，句首大写。故填Of。
56. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different ________ (速度) to your friends. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】rate
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：你可能会感到焦虑，因为你的发展速度与你的朋友不同。根据汉语提示以及空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处填入可数名词rate的单数形式作介词at的宾语。故填rate。
57. All of this can lead to a ________(关系破裂) in your relationship. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】breakdown
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：所有这些都会导致你们的关系破裂。空处作lead to的宾语，“关系破裂”应用名词breakdown，且空前有不定冠词a，breakdown应用单数形式。故填breakdown。
58. ________ the next three years, you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】Over
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：在接下来的三年里，你会发现你作为一个学生和一个人的潜力。本空用介词over，表示“在……期间”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Over。
59. As Lao-Tzu wisely said, “ A journey of a thousand miles begins ________ a single step.” (用适当的词填空)
【答案】with
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：老子说过:“千里之行始于足下。”A journey of a thousand miles begins _____a single step是老子的一句名言，意为“千里之行始于足下”，也就是“千里之行从一步开始”，begin with sth.是固定短语，意为“以......开始”，因此空格处是介词with，故填with。
60. I have confidence in your ability to make________ difference to your family, to your community and to our country. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】a
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：我相信你有能力改变你的家庭、你的社区和我们的国家。固定搭配make a difference译为“有影响、起作用”。故填a。
第五部分 应用文写作（满分25分）
61. 假如你是国际部学生李华，你和同学们准备创建一个传统文化俱乐部，请给校长Mr. Mark写一封提案信，请求他的同意。内容包括：
1. 来信目的；2. 对俱乐部的规划；3. 表达希望。
注意：1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Mark,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Mr. Mark,
I am Li Hua, a student from International Department. I am writing to propose the establishment of a Traditional Culture Club with the support of my fellow classmates. The club aims to promote Chinese traditional culture through various activities such as workshops, lectures, and cultural exchanges. We believe the club will enrich students’ understanding and appreciation of our heritage.
I sincerely hope for your approval and guidance to bring this idea to life. Thank you for considering our proposal.
Best wishes.
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生是国际部学生李华，准备和同学们创建一个传统文化俱乐部，要求考生按照要求给校长Mr. Mark写一封提案信，请求他的同意。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：propose → suggest
建立：establishment→ foundation
支持，帮助：support → assistance
各种各样的：various → a variety of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am Li Hua, a student from International Department.
拓展句：I am Li Hua, who is a student from International Department.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am writing to propose the establishment of a Traditional Culture Club with the support of my fellow classmates.（运用了不定式to propose作目的状语）
【高分句型2】We believe the club will enrich students’ understanding and appreciation of our heritage. （运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句）明德中学2023年下学期高一年级10月阶段检测
英语试卷 2023. 10
时量：120分钟 总分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman also want to be
A. A director. B. An actress. C. A songwriter.
2. What will Sam do tonight
A. Take a flight. B. Attend a party. C. Have a meeting.
3. What does the man suggest they do first
A. Eat something. B. Get out of town. C. Take some medicine.
4. What does the man like about the woman's shirt
A. The price. B. The color. C. The material.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A Clothing. B. Weather. C. Body temperature.
第二节（共15 小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟； 听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What will the speakers do next
A. Go to the concert. B. Do some exercise. C. Have coffee with some people.
7. When is the man's next class
A. In an hour. B. In half an hour. C. In one and a half hours.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What's the probable relationship between the speakers
A Co- workers. B. Family members. C. Teacher and student.
9. What will the man do first after he quits his job
A. Study abroad. B. Go traveling. C. Find a new one.
听第8段材料，回答第10至 12题。
10. What kind of soup might the woman make
A. Vegetable soup. B. Chicken soup. C. Cheese soup.
11. What is the weather like this week
A. Cold. B. Cool. C. Hot.
12. In which area is the dessert located
A. Area 3. B. Area 4. C. Area 7.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What do the speakers talk about first
A. The man's favorite actor. B. The man's favorite country. C. The woman's favorite movie.
14. What impresses the man most about Tokyo
A. The weather. B. The people. C. The food.
15. What does the woman think of Barcelona
A. The city is noisy. B. The life is colorful. C. The cost of living is high.
16. What does the woman like doing at the seaside
A. Reading. B. Playing volleyball. C. Having a barbecue.
听第10段材料，回答第17至 20题。
17. Who is the speaker
A. A writer. B. A reporter. C. An editor.
18. What is necessary for a volunteer to have
A. Experience. B. High scores. C. Speaking skills.
19. What's the best reason for taking the job
A To have fun. B. To make money. C. To know more people.
20. When are volunteers expected to talk to the speaker
A. Next week. B. Tomorrow morning. C. Right after the meeting.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D ) 中，选出最佳选项。
A
A Woman Endures Marilyn Hering www. Paperback | E-book $10.95 | $3.99 The Diary of an Iraqi National Saad H Al Ajeel Paperback | E-book $36.00 | $6.00
Following the loss of her baby and marriage, Eleanor decides to move to South Carolina to run an inherited tea plantation. There she will learn to grow tea, and possibly something more: romance. In the almost one hundred years of the life of modern Iraq （from 1921 onwards）, Saad H Al Ajeel describes the different stages that Iraq has passed through.
Hot Horse Harry Jerry Lee Miller www. Paperback | E-book $21.99 | $3.99 Cat Tales : Da Real Pussy Mick E. Jones www. Hardback | Paperback | E-book $15.99 I $12.99 | $3.99
Hot Horse Harry lived up to his name, mad at the world. But when a series of unfortunate events came, the quick-tempered Harry changed. The book is designed for children under 12. Cat Tales: Da Real Pussy reveals that the spirit of a supreme being exist in all things living. The book also supports the concept that cats are creatures of myth and mystery.
1. If you are a history lover, which book suits you best
A. The Diary of an Iraqi National B. Hot Horse Harry
C. Cat Tales: Da Real Pussy D. A Woman Endures
2. If you want to buy a hardback edition, whose book will you choose
A. Marilyn Hering’s B. Saad H Al Ajeel’s
C. Jerry Lee Miller’s D. Mick E. Jones’s
3. To buy a book for your kid aged 6, how much can you save if you choose its E-book
A. $7 B. $12 C. $30 D. $18
B
My wife has watched me write, blog and make speeches for a few years now. I’ve encouraged her to do her own video blog (vlog), too, because she is always watching them, but she hasn’t been interested in the spotlight.
Now that enough time has passed, she is ready to go for it! Angelika is a great cook, so she is going to do a cooking show. I am just thrilled that she has found a passion to pursue in a way that works for her.
I’m smart enough to step back and let her go at her own pace. I know that being there for emotional support or however she needs me is important. Now that my wife will have a studio worthy of her talents and personality, she will only make the kitchen look better.
Part of me hopes that I will spend the rest of my life watching and tasting her creations. When you start to express your creative drive, it can be a wonderful ride. When the love of your life takes the ride with you, and starts to drive, it’s pretty cool way to travel through life.
I am at my best when being creative, whether in front of a keyboard or a live audience. I have always encouraged creative answers to life. There is always more than one right way to do something.
Yes, public attention in our social media world has become a marker of success, but it means more when you are sending a positive message. Helping people enjoy their lives a little more is a big deal.
This project will not just make her happy but make us closer. I am aware that this is her project, not mine. I will answer any questions she asks but be careful about offering unwanted advice. What she doesn't know she will learn. You never want to take that process away from anyone.
4. Why didn’t Angelika try vlogging before
A. She was too busy to do it. B. She had no such talent or skill.
C. She lacked self-confidence. D. She didn’t enjoy being on camera.
5. What’s the author’s attitude to Angelika’s decision
A. Worried. B. Doubtful. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned.
6. What does the author think is important in doing a vlog
A. Delivering positive messages with creativity.
B. Showing how successful you are.
C. Experiencing the ups and downs it brings.
D. Interacting with a live audience.
7. How will the author help his wife
A. He will prepare ingredients. B. He will provide emotional support.
C. He will offer comments. D. He will guide her every step.
C
In the coming era of budget(预算) cuts to education, distance learning could become a common thing.
The appeal to those in charge of education budgets to trade teachers for technology is so strong that they tend to ignore the disadvantages of distance learning. School facilities are expensive to build and maintain, and teachers are expensive to employ. It’s true that online classes do not require buildings and each class can host hundreds of people, which can result in greater savings, but moving away from a traditional classroom in which a living, breathing human being teaches and interacts with students daily would be a disaster.
Physically attending school has hidden benefits: getting up every morning interacting with peers, and building relationships with teachers are important skills to cultivate(培养) in young people. Moreover, schools are more than simple places of traditional learning. They are also places that provide meals, places where students receive mental help and other support.
Those policy-makers are often fascinated by the latest technology in education and its potential to transform education overnight. But online education does not allow a teacher to keep a struggling student after class and offer help. Educational videos may deliver academic content, but they are unable to make eye contact or assess a student’s level of engagement. Distance education will never match the personal teaching in a traditional classroom. In their first 18 years of life, American children spend only 9% of their time in school. Yet teachers are expected to prepare them to be responsible citizens, cultivate their social skills, encourage successful time management, and enhance their capacity to compete in a competitive job market. Given these expectations, schools should not become permanently “remote”.
The power of the classroom is rooted in the qualities of the people gathered in the same place, at the same time, including their nature, empathy, devotion and so on. Technology, no matter how advanced, should simply be a tool of a good teacher.
8. What is one possible benefit of students attending school physically
A. Forming the habit of getting up early.
B. Eating nutritionally well-balanced meals.
C. Growing into living and breathing human beings.
D. Developing relationships with peers and teachers.
9. What does the author think of the latest technology in education
A. It may reduce face-to-face interaction.
B. It may make many teachers jobless.
C. It may add to student’s financial burden.
D. It may revolutionize classroom teaching.
10 What does the author say teachers are expected to do
A. To enhance student’s leadership capacity.
B. To teach students skills in applying for jobs.
C. To enable students to adapt to the changes in life.
D. To prepare students to be competitive in the future.
11. Why couldn’t technology replace a good teacher
A. It lacks humanity. B. It can’t meet personal needs.
C. It is still not advanced. D. It can’t track students’ growth.
D
JeffBezos has a rule at Amazon, or perhaps more appropriate a philosophy. If a team cannot be fed by two pizzas then that team is too large. The reasoning is quite straightforward and basic. More people means more communication, more bureaucracy, more chaos, and more of pretty much everything that slows things down, hence why large organizations are oftentimes considered as being so inefficient.
In 2013 Gallup released a report called “The State of The American Workplace", in which they found that smaller companies had more engaged employees. In fact,42% of employees working at companies of 10 or fewer were engaged at work versus only 30% of employees at large companies.
Most people are not familiar with the Ringelmann Effect which is the tendency for individual members to become less productive as the size of a group increases. This concept was named after Maximilien Ringelmann, a French professor of agricultural engineering who passed away in 1931.In one of his experiments he asked volunteers to perform a very simple task, to pull on a rope. He found that when only one person is pulling on the rope they give 100% of their effort; however, as more people are added the individual effort goes down.
This experiment was recreated in the 1970's by Alan Ingham who came up with the concept of “social loafing” which helps us understand why the individual effort decreases as the team size increases. So why does this happen Because it becomes harder to extract the individual contributions and performance of each person.
Organizations should really think about what their team structures look like and create and follow similar “two pizza rules”. It's no coincidence that smaller organizations are oftentimes more nimble while large organizations look like they are stuck in the mud.
12. What is the author's purpose of mentioning “two pizza rules” in paragraph 1
A. To make a comment.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To provide an example.
D. To analyze a phenomenon.
13. What is special about the Alan Ingham's experiment
A. It repeated the Ringelmann Effect experiment.
B. It was based on a simple task of pulling a rope.
C. It aimed to explore the reason behind the phenomenon.
D. It revealed the link between team size and individual effort.
14. Which of the following words can replace the underlined word “nimble” in the last paragraph
A. Balanced.
B. Complicated.
C. Simple.
D. Flexible.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. What Makes a Team More Productive
B. Why Are Smaller Teams Better Than Larger Ones
C. How Can Two Pizzas Be Shared by One Team
D. Which Is More Important: Individual Effort r Team Size
第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分 12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选山可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Did you take part in a camp this summer ___16___ To choose which camp is best for you, first you must do a bit of research.
Maybe you've never thought about it before, but every great summer camp has the same main goals — opportunity, challenge and growth.
Opportunity means you are given a chance to do something special. ___17___ For example, if you are interested in writing, then you can choose to join a journalism camp. You may even have the opportunity to meet famous journalists there.
___18___ You must finish the task and succeed in overcoming the challenge. Then you will have a sense of accomplishment. For example, you could take a lifeguard course at some summer camps. If you pass the exam, then you will receive a certificate (证书）to become a real lifeguard.
This also leads to the third and most important goal of every great summer camp personal growth. It doesn’t mean growing taller and stronger or more beautiful. It means seeing yourself improve, learning something new and doing something you didn’t know you could do before. ___19___.
So in the future, when choosing your next summer camp, remember to ask yourself: Is it a special opportunity Is it a challenge Will I grow
___20___ These will all happen naturally when you have the right goals at summer camp.
A. Challenge means you are given a task.
B. It also means becoming more confident in yourself.
C. Some camps focus on developing a certain skill or ability.
D. But what about friendship, fun and joy
E. There are so many summer camps and not all of them are the same.
F. Of course, summer camps aren't all about adventure or study.
G. It also makes you special because other kids don't have the same opportunity.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship. Having been a Straight-A student, I believed I could ___21___ tough subjects and really learn something. One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne. I was extremely interested in the ideas he ___22___ in class.
When I took the first exam, I was ___23___ to find a 77,C-plus, on my test paper, for English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained ___24___ .
I decided to try harder, although I didn't know what that ___25___ because school had always been easy for me. I read the books more carefully, but got another 77. Again, I ___26___ with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldn't change his mind.
One more test before the final exam. One more ___27___ to improve my grade. So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time, ___28___ the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my ___29___ did no good and everything went as before.
The last hurdle(障碍) was the final. No matter what ____30____ I got, it wouldn't cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the ____31____ goodbye.
I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even ____32____ myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I'd have ____33____ with a test. A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A.I hurried into Professor Jayne's office. He seemed to be expecting me. “If I gave you the A as you ____34____ , you wouldn't continue to work as hard.”
I stared at him, ____35____ that his analysis and strategy (策略) were correct.I had worked my head off, as I had never done before.
I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. I've always remembered Professor Jayne's lesson: you alone must set your own standard of excellence.
21. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get
22. A. sought B. presented C. exchanged D. obtained
23. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious
24. A. unchanged B. unpleasant C. unfriendly D. unmoved
25. A. reflected B. meant C. improved D. affected
26. A. quarreled B. reasoned C. bargained D. chatted
27. A. choice B. step C. chance D. measure
28. A. memorized B. considered C. accepted D. learned
29. A. ambition B. confidence C. effort D. method
30. A. grade B. answer C. lesson D. comment
31. A. scholarship B. course C. degree D. subject
32. A. helped B. favored C. treated D. relaxed
33. A. fun B. luck C. problems D. tricks
34. A. valued B. imagined C. expected D. welcomed
35. A. remembering B. guessing C. supposing D. realizing
第二节 语篇语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分 15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you want to make your body more flexible, try balancing on a bamboo pole! Single bamboo drifting (漂流) is ____36____ unique sport and a cultural heritage of people setting in Guizhou, China.
The sport is a custom that has been passed down from generation to generation of the people there and it ____37____ (include) in the sports events for the first time at the 9th National Minority Traditional Sports Games in 2011. Local middle school students enjoy ____38____ (practice) the sport. Many adults, including the old, also take part in the sport. This activity attracts many tourists from outside of Guizhou every year. During the activity, players will dress up ____39____ traditional clothing and move forward on a bamboo pole in the water, ____40____ is fun to watch.
The requirements of the sport are simple but ____41____ (challenge)! Athletes have to balance on a narrow bamboo pole ____42____ carefully drive it down the river with a thin stick. During the ____43____ (compete), the athletes will give special performances. Jumping and push-ups are some of the most common, but the more experienced ones often use their imagination to experiment more.
Single bamboo drifting ____44____ (have) origins reportedly going back to China’s ethnic minorities which are from the Red River Basin. If you visit Guizhou and enjoy the sport, _____45_____ (probable) the culture will impress you!
第四部分 单句语法填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或填括号内单词的正确形式，或根据提示填入教材所学内容。
46. ________ (set) goals gives you a focus in life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
47. Sometimes they forget that growing up is a ________ (艰难的) ride. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
48. You should listen to your parents carefully and ________ (消除) their concerns. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
49. I can’t wait to describe to you ________ senior high school life is like. (用适当的词填空)
50. You enter a strange middle-ground ________ you are no longer a small child but not quite an adult. (用适当的词填空)
51. I found Maths quite easy and enjoyable because the material was less ________ (advance) in the UK than in China. (所给词的适当形式填空)
52. You need to make a ____________ (continue) effort to train your mind and develop your character. (所给词的适当形式填空)
53. I believe you will acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal ________ (grow) in senior high school. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54. Most importantly, your time and effort at senior high school will open the door ________ your potential. (用适当的词填空)
55. ________ equal importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. (用适当的词填空)
56. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different ________ (速度) to your friends. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
57. All of this can lead to a ________(关系破裂) in your relationship. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
58. ________ the next three years, you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person. (用适当的词填空)
59. As Lao-Tzu wisely said, “ A journey of a thousand miles begins ________ a single step.” (用适当的词填空)
60. I have confidence in your ability to make________ difference to your family, to your community and to our country. (用适当的词填空)
第五部分 应用文写作（满分25分）
61. 假如你是国际部学生李华，你和同学们准备创建一个传统文化俱乐部，请给校长Mr. Mark写一封提案信，请求他的同意。内容包括：
1. 来信目的；2. 对俱乐部的规划；3. 表达希望。
注意：1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Mark,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes.
Li Hua

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