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Unit4 Learning About Language (2)
课时内容
Discover useful structures
主题语境：人与自我 主题群：做人与做事
子主题：优秀品行 语篇类型：练习
文本分析：本课时是语法课，学习现在完成进行时的用法。该部分共有四个活动： 活动1要求学生从前面的阅读文本中找出带有现在完成进行时的句子，然后观察 和讨论这些句子的谓语动词结构及其意义；活动2提供了五个具体语境，让学生 充分理解现在完成进行时的语用功能，并通过改写句子掌握这一时态的基本结构； 活动3要求学生辨别现在完成进行时与其他时态的不同，让他们根据语境和句意 选择合理的时态表达，并能说明缘由；活动4提供了采访任务，让学生与同伴交 流近期的生活，要求他们在真实的交际情境中自觉使用现在完成进行时进行表达， 这一活动任务不仅能够训练学生运用目标结构的能力，还有助于提升学生的口头 表达能力和交际能力。
课时目标
学完本课后，学生能够：
1. 识别现在完成进行时的语用功能。
2.总结现在完成进行时的结构、含义及用法，辨析现在完成时与现在完成进行 时。
3. 运用现在完成进行时谈论近期的生活。
重点难点
1. 总结现在完成进行时的结构、含义及用法。 2. 运用现在完成进行时谈论近期的生活。
教学准备
教师准备：现在完成进行时的相关练习。
学生准备：预习现在完成进行时的用法。 精彩课堂
Stepl 学习理解
活动一：感知与注意
Recognise the tense.
Ask students to find sentences in the present perfect continuous tense from the reading text and discuss the function of the tense according to the question.
·What do you think the tense in the sentences expresses
Suggested answers:
①..this is the adventure that I have been dreamingof.
②We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive,but spring is coming,and the ice will soon begin to melt.
③We have been struggling for days,but things on Elephant Island are going from
bad to worse.
·In the example sentences,the present perfect continuous tense is used to talk about an action which began at some point in the past and has continued until
now.It can also be used to emphasise the continuation of an action or the length of time.
【设计意图】通过在阅读语篇找现在完成进行时的句子和讨论该时态的意义，使 学生初步认识现在完成进行时的特征。
活动二：获取与梳理
1.Ask students to read each situation and rewrite each sentence using the present perfect continuous tense.(Activity 2)
2.Ask students to read each sentence again and underline the verbs andadverbial words of time in the present perfect continuous tense.
Example:
The dog started to bark about two hours ago.I really hope it will stop soon. The dog has been barking for about two hours.I really hope it will stop soon.
Suggested answers:
②Steve has been playing rugby since the age of eight.Now he has become a
professional player.
③Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat.He looks
a little tired because he has been playing table tennis for two hours.
④Diane hasn't been sleeping well this week.She looks terrible today.
⑤I have been trying to phone you this morning.I must have tried a dozen times before I caught you here.
【设计意图】通过改写句子，让学生熟悉现在完成进行时的基本结构，理解其基 本含义并总结用于该时态的动词特征及时间状语标志词。本活动的目的在于进一 步在本单元的语境中加深对现在完成进行时用法的掌握和理解。
SteplⅡ 应用实践
活动三：内化与运用
1.Ask students to read the six sentences and understand their meanings.Then have them complete the sentences using the correct tenses of the verbs in brackets. (Activity 3)
Suggested answers:
①has been discussing ②has been learning ③tried;worked
④finished ⑤has been collecting ⑥launched/is launching has launched
2.Ask students to fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
①People (pour)into stadiums since thedays of ancient Greece.
②You know,I look)for a job for three months,and this is my first formal interview.
③He. (wait)for you for two hours.
(teach)English for almost twenty
years,and I will step in another new teaching year.
⑤-Hi.Tom,you look tired.
-I am tired.I (paint)the living room all day.
⑥Since she left home,I (not sleep)at al well.
⑦He (change)his mind since last Friday. 8 (not finish)reading the book yet,so can't return it to the library.
⑨ _(sit)here for the afternoon.
0Hi s brother (collect)stamps since he was ten.
Suggested answers:
①have been pouring
②have been looking
③has been waiting
④have been teaching
⑤have been painting
⑥haven't been sleeping
⑦has changed
⑧haven't finished
⑨have been sitting
⑩has been collecting
3.Ask students to complete the sentences according to the Chinese sentences.
①我们整个下午一直在打扫教室。
We the classroom all the afternoon.
②她一贯是那样工作的。
She like that.
③这本书我已经读了两个小时了，但我还没读完。
I've for two hours,but I haven't finished it.
④他们今年已经多次讨论那件事了。
They the matter several times this year.
⑤我的父亲去北京了，这个星期回来。
My father Beijing,and he'll be back this week.
⑥我已经读过这本书了。
this book. 我一直在读这本书。
this book.
⑧我跑了三公里。
three kilometres.
⑨我很累，因为我已经跑了两小时。
I'm tired because l for two hours.
⑩自从明朝这儿就有一座古老的寺庙。
There an old temple since the Ming Dynasty.
Suggested answers:
① have been cleaning ②has always been working
③been reading this book ④have been discussing
⑤has gone to ⑥have read ⑦have been reading
⑧have run ⑨have been running ⑩has existed
4.Ask students to complete the short passage with the correcttenses of the verbs in brackets.
Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ① (run)out.We must act immediately before there's none left. Up to now,the programme ② save)thousands of children who would otherwise have died.It is reported that many a new house ③ (rebuild)at present in the disaster area.Police ④ (search)for a woman now who is reported to ⑤_(miss)since the flood ⑥ (hit)the area last Friday.
【设计意图】在对现在完成进行时有了初步了解和认识之后，设计 了用动词的正确时态和正确形式填空、补全句子及语篇填空等练习，
让学生在练习中体会和掌握现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别，有 助于加深对现在完成进行时的理解。同时，通过短语篇填空练习提高 学生在语境中使用不同时态的能力。
StepI 迁移创新
活动四：想象与创造
Make an interview.
(1)Ask students to work in pairs and interview their partner about the things that he or she has been doing/dreaming of.
(2)Encourage students to show their interview with the whole class.
Helpful questions:
(
·
)Do you have any hobbies or interests
(
·
)What things have you been dreaming of
·How long have you been learning/playing.. ·What have you been doing recently
【设计意图】在学习和练习了现在完成进行时的用法之后，让学生 置入新的情境中，通过采访谈谈自己的兴趣爱好、一直梦想的事情、 为了梦想最近在干什么等等，让学生对现在完成进行时有更深刻的理 解和更准确的把握。

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