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人教版八上Unit2 How often do you exercise 单元知识梳理
【Useful expressions】
help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不 once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空 go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 be good for对……有好处 go camping去野营 not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医 more than多于；超过 less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about… ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？ want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ ……有多少…… 主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是……的 by doing sth. 通过做某事 the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式
【Target sentences】
What do you usually do on weekends I sometimes go shopping. I never go shopping. I usually watch TV. I always exercise. I often help with housework. So, Cheng Tao, how often do you watch TV Hmm. about twice a week, I guess. How often do you exercise I exercise about three times a week. Hmm... next week is quite full for me, Jack. How often does he play basketball He plays at least twice a week. What does she do on weekends She sometimes goes shopping. But my mother wants me to drink it. She says it’s good for my health. How often do you eat vegetables and fruits How many hours do you sleep every night It's good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. Most students use it for fun and not for homework. She never goes to the dentist for teeth cleaning.
【Language points】
1.sometimes
sometimes 作副词，意为“ 有时” I like rice, but sometimes I think noodles are very delicious too. I've read this article some times. It's educational.
2.hardly ever
(1) hardly 作副词，相当于almost no、almost not,意为 “几乎不；几乎没有”，其本身表示否定含义，不能再与否定词连用。 I hardly know you. It was so foggy that the driver could hardly make out the way ahead. （2）hardly ever hardly ever表示频率，其表达的含义与seldom或almost never相近，意为“几乎从不”。 She hardly ever(=seldom) calls me. She lives in Spain, we hardly ever(=almost never)see her.
3.once a week
once a week是表示频率的短语，意为“一周一次”，常用来回答how often的提问。其中once作副词，意为“一次”。 —How often do you go hiking —Once a week. twice作副词，意为“两次”。 twice a month/year意为“一月/年两次”，表示频率。 I play chess at least twice a week. 【拓展延申】次数表达法 表示次数应注意，time后面加-s； 一次、两次很特殊，once、twice要牢记。
4.use the Internet
Internet相当于the Net，意为“(国际)互联网；因特网”， 其前常用定冠词the修饰。常用短语：surf the Internet “网上冲浪”；on the Internet“在互联网上”。 My brother likes surfing the Internet very much. You can buy our goods on the Internet.
5.Hmm... next week is quite full for me, Jack.
(1) full作形容词，意为“忙的；满的；充满的”，此处意为“忙的”，相当于busy，其反义词是free“空闲的”。 His life is too full to find time for hobbies. (2) full作形容词，还可意为“满的；充满的”，反义词为empty“空的”。be full of 与be filled with同义，意为“充满”。 The bottle is full of water. = The bottle is filled with water.
6.How come 为什么呢？
How come 常用于英语口语中，可译为“为什呢？”或“怎么会呢 ”, 既可独立使用，也可在其后接句子，用来询问事情的缘由或状况。 How come the sky is so blue today —Tom didn't come to school today —Really How come
7.I go to the movies maybe once a month.
maybe作副词，意为“大概；或许；可能” Maybe she is a doctor. = She may be a doctor.
8.He plays at least twice a week.
at least为固定短语，意为“至少；不少于；起码”，反义短语是at most，意为“至多；不超过”。 Teenagers need to sleep at least 8 hours every day. You can borrow at most three books once.
9.But my mother wants me to drink it.
want sth. 想要某物 want to do sth. 想要做某事 want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人（不）做某事 The boy wanted noting but freedom. Do you want to go to the movies with me The teacher doesn’t want us to eat hamburgers.
10.She says it’s good for my health.
（1）be good for 为固定短语，后可接名词、代词或动词-ing，意为“对······有好处”，其反义短语为be bad for，意为“对······有害”。 You should do more exercise. It is good for your health. Eating too much is bad for your health. 其他用法搭配： Tim is good at playing the piano. He was very good to me when I was ill. Tom is very good with children. (2) health为不可数名词，意为“健康；人的身体（或精神）状态”常用短语：be in good/poor health “身体好/差”。 Smoking is harmful to your health. My grandma is in good health.
11.We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.
(1) percent作名词，意为“百分之······”，单复数同形，如：one percent百分之一，thirty percent百分之三十。 (2) “基数词+percent+of +the+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由该结构中的名词来决定。 Twenty percent of the students agree with you. Thirty percent of the time passes.
12.And twenty percent do not exercise at all!
(1)not... at all 表示强烈的否定，意为“根本不；一点儿也不”，at all通常位于句尾。 I don't know her at all. He didn’t do the homework at all. (2)not at all有“不用谢，别客气；没关系，一点也不介意”之意。 —Thank you for your kindness. —Not at all. —Would you mind if I smoke —Not at all.
13.We all know that many students often go online.
(1) online在此作副词，意为“在线；联网”。 It is faster if you apply online. (2) online还可作形容词，意为“在线的；联网的”。 We plan to build an online database. Online shopping is both cheap and convenient, so many people like shopping online.
14.Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.
(1) although作连词，相当于though，意为“ 虽然；尽管；即使”，引导让步状语从句。 Although the girl is only six years old, she knows more than 300 ancient Chinese poems. (2) 在英语中，表示“虽然······但是······”时，although /though不能和but同时使用。 Although the machine is old, it still runs well. = The machine is old, but it still runs well.
15.It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.
(1) by在此处表示方式，作“通过”讲，后接名词、代词或动词-ing。 She made the toy by hand. He makes a living by painting.、 I learnt it by myself. (2) through在此处作介词，表示方式，意为“以；凭借”。 I knew this news through the Internet. 【易混辨析】across, through, over和cross的区别
16.Exercise such as playing sports is fun, and you can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.
(1) such as She does well in many subjects, such as math, physics and chemistry. Traffic rules should be obeyed. For example, never listen to music while riding a bike. (2) spend在此作及物动词，意为“度过”。此外，spend还可表示“花费（时间、金钱）”，此时常用于以下结构： On weekends, my brother and I often spend time on the beach. I spent 150 yuan on this pair of shoes. Stephen Hawking spent his whole life study the universe.
17.Old habits die hard.
die常用作不及物动词，意为“消失；灭亡；死亡” 其后不能直接跟宾语，且die是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如果表示状态，与一段时间连用，要用be dead。 The famous singer died at the age of thirty-two. The flower has been dead for more than ten days.
18.Jane is a 16-year-old high shcool student in the United States.
16-year-old 十六岁的 复合形容词由两个或两个以上的单词构成，词与词之间常加连字符“-”。16-year-old是由“基数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，意为“十六岁的”，常用在名词前作定语，而16 years old常用作表语。 I have a 16-year-old sister. My sister is 16 years old. 【拓展延伸】：复合形容词的其他形式 (1)数字+ - +名词: a 3-year plan (2)形容词+ - +名词-ed: a warm-hearted woman (3)形容词+ - +动词-ing: a good-looking girl
19.However, she has some bad habits, too.
however与but均可意为“然而；不过”，表示转折。
Jack likes playing football but I don't. = Jack likes playing football. However, I don't.
20.She usually watches TV for more than two hours a day, and she sometimes eats hamburgers.
more than相当于over，意为“多于”，常用于数词前，反义短语为less than“少于”。 There are more than 5,000 students in our school. 【拓展】“no more than+数词”表示“至多；仅仅”。 There are no more than two books left.
【Grammar Focus】
频度副词(frequency adverb)
语法概述：频度副词表示某一动作或状态出现的频率，即在一定时间内某一动作或状态重复出现的次数，常用来回答how often的提问。 频度副词的种类 We often play basketball after school. He is never late for class. 表示具体的频率、次数时，通常用once a week（一周一次），twice a month（一月两次），three times a year（一年三次）等。 I use the Internet twice a week. Li Ming and his parents go to the park three or four times a month. 频度副词的位置

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