资源简介

外研版（2019）高二英语上学期期中达标测评卷（A卷）
考试时间：120分钟
满分：150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When will the woman probably go to Chicago
A. Today. B. Tomorrow. C. The day after tomorrow.
2.Where are the speakers
A. At a store. B. At the airport. C. At the post office.
3.What are the speakers talking about
A. A kind of food. B. A history lesson. C. An ancient dynasty.
4.What did Karen do last night
A. She stayed at home.
B. She went to a party.
C. She saw a movie.
5.What is the probable relationship between Mary and the woman
A. Strangers.
B. Former schoolmates.
C. Employer and employee.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6-7题。
6.What does the woman want Peter to do
A. Call a taxi for her.
B. Help her with the bag.
C. Drive her to the airport.
7.At what time will the woman’s flight take off
A. 2:00 p.m. B. 3:00 p.m. C. 4:00 p.m.
听第7段材料，回答第8-10题。
8.How did the speakers feel about visiting the park
A. Tired. B. Happy. C. Disappointed.
9.What does Amy plan to do tomorrow
A. Study for an exam.
B. Attend a party.
C. Go to the movies.
10.What kind of movie will the speakers watch
A. A romantic movie.
B. A comedy.
C. A horror movie.
听第8段材料，回答第11-14题。
11.Where does Mark usually read news now
A. In a newspaper. B. In a magazine. C. On the Internet.
12.What makes the woman surprised about the machine
A. It has a small glass window.
B. It can make a pizza in a short time.
C. It offers four types of pizzas at a time.
13.What does the woman think of the machine
A. It is quite necessary.
B. It might not be popular.
C. It will certainly succeed.
14.What is an advantage of the machine
A. The 24-hour service.
B. Tasty pizza made by it.
C. The low production cost.
听第9段材料，回答第15-17题。
15.When will the man go to the restaurant
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
16.Who will have dinner with the man
A. A couple. B. Some friends. C. His family.
17.What will the man do next
A. Provide personal information.
B. Tell the waitress his arriving time.
C. Ask for a table at the non-smoking area.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.How did Jim feel about going to England
A. Surprised. B. Nervous. C. Sad.
19.Where was Shakespeare born
A. In London. B. In Cambridge. C. In Stratford-upon-Avon.
20.What was the main job of Shakespeare’s father
A. He was a writer.
B. He was a tour guide.
C. He was a glove maker.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1=10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21.Where is this text probably taken from
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper.
C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
22.How many parts is a student's final grade made up of
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
23.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
B
Climate change and increases in drought and rainstorms pose serious challenges to our water management. An international group of scientists has brought together a large body of research on water quality in rivers worldwide. The study shows that river water quality tends to worsen during extreme weather events. As these events become more often and severe due to climate change, ecosystem health and human access to safe water may be increasingly under threat.
The research led by Dr Michelle van Vliet of Utrecht University analysed 965 cases of river water quality changes during extreme weather such as drought, heatwaves, rainstorms, and flooding. The analysis shows that in most cases water quality tends to become worse during droughts and heatwaves (68%), rainstorms and floods (51%), and under long-term changes in climate (56%). During droughts, less water is available to dilute contaminants(稀释污染物), while rainstorms and floods generally result in more contaminants that run off from land to rivers and streams. Improvements or mixed responses in water quality are also reported for some cases, for example when increased transport of pollutants is offset (抵消) by more dilution during flood events.
Water quality changes are strongly driven by changes in water temperature. Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out. "Understanding the complex interplay between climate, land use, and human drivers, which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants, is crucial," says van Vliet. The research also calls for more data collection and studies of water quality in non-Western countries. "We need better monitoring of water quality in Africa and Asia. Most water quality studies now focus on rivers and streams in North America and Europe."
The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events. It sounds an alarm to us. Only then will we be able to develop effective water management strategies that can safeguard our access to clean water and ensure ecosystem health under climate change and increasing weather extremes.
24.What can we learn from Paragraph 1
A. Human beings should be blamed for climate change.
B. Worsened water quality is threatening the climate.
C. Water quality in rivers worldwide is under risk.
D. Water management has been improved recently.
25.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A. The threats caused by extreme weather. B. The factors influencing water safety.
C. The findings of van Vliet's research. D. The design of van Vliet's experiment.
26.According to Paragraph 3, which will van Vliet probably agree with
A. Water quality in non-Western countries is more terrible.
B. Human activities have a big influence on water quality.
C. Related data collection and studies of Europe are adequate.
D. Water quality changes are dominated by water temperature.
27.What is the author's attitude towards van Vliet's research
A. Unclear. B. Contradictory. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
C
A “secretive” new species of frog has been discovered on the forest floor in India’s Western Ghat mountain range. Named the starry dwarf frog after the markings on its dark brown back, it is just 2 centimeters long.
The frog, whose closest relatives are a group of species native to India and Sri Linka, is the only member of an ancient lineage (血统) dating back to millions of years ago, according to researchers from India and the US. It is unclear whether the species is descended from African or Asian frogs.
A group of Indian and US researchers first came across the local species hidden in leaf-litter as part of a wider project to look for new frogs, lizards and snakes in the richly biodiverse region and stored it in a jar for later study. Genetic testing and a closer look at its shape, colouring and other features has shown that it doesn’t match any existing species. Kartik Shanker of the Indian Institute of Science, who helped design the study, says while it is common to find new frogs in India, this one needs to be noticed. “This particular species not just is a new species, but also belongs to a new genus(属), and that makes it a little more special,” says Shanker.
The number of known species of frog identified in India has climbed from around 200 to above 400 over the past two decades. While many species new to science are frequently immediately sorted as endangered, it is too early to say whether the starry dwarf frog is threatened. “They are very secretive,” says Shanker, adding that the team didn’t know the size of its population. The frog is active at night and lives near water.
Habitat loss is a serious risk to frogs in tropical forests around the world, alongside threats such as a deadly fungus(真菌) that has been killing off amphibians for the past four decades. But the new species was found in a reserved forest, meaning it will enjoy a degree of protection by Indian government agencies.
28.What can we learn from paragraph 3
A. The species was further studied.
B. The species was found in a rich region.
C. The species was finally set free.
D. The species was discovered by tourists.
29.What can we say about the new frog
A. It is in small quantities. B. It is an endangered species.
C. It is related to African or Asian frogs. D. It is well worth attention.
30.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Habitat loss is the chief threat to frogs.
B. Tropical forests in India are all under protection.
C. The new species may face less dangers.
D. The Indian government determines to save frogs.
31.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. A rare frog species protected in India
B. A secretive frog species discovered in India
C. A rise in species of frog seen in India
D. A risk of habitat loss for frogs removed in India
D
It's well-known that humour can benefit us both physically and mentally. The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been around since ancient times. In his 1905 book, Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious, Sigmund Freud argued that humour is the highest of the psyche's defence mechanism (机制), capable of turning anxiety into pleasure.
Yet not all types of humour have the same effect on well-being. To better distinguish the effects of different types of humour on mental health, psychologist Rod Martin developed a questionnaire, in which he broke humour down into four styles. Affiliative humour refers to jokes about things that might be commonly considered funny, which is usually employed to improve relationships or make others laugh. Self-enhancing humour involves being able to laugh at yourself, often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result. Aggressive humour is laughing at the expense of others, which often involves sarcasm (讽刺), teasing, and criticism. Self-defeating humour is the art of putting yourself down to gain favour from your peers.
Each style of humour actually carries a different influence, when it comes to mental health. Julie Aitken Schermer, a psychological researcher at the University of Western Ontario, says people using self-enhancing humour are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others. By contrast, both aggressive and self-defeating humour styles can hint at trouble. “We find that self-defeating humour is the most concerning style as it is also linked with loneliness and feelings of not mattering. Those with an aggressive humour style may not experience loneliness as much, however, since they rely on group dynamics(群体动力) in order to make fun of their peers,” says Schermer.
Even if you tend to favour more negative humour styles, there's no reason to lose heart. Schermer says people can develop a positive, self-enhancing humour style by concentrating on the lighter and more humorous aspects of life. As author Kurt Vonnegut once wrote, “Laughter and tears are both responses to frustration and exhaustion. I myself prefer to laugh, since there is less cleaning up to do afterward.”
32.Why is Sigmund Freud's book mentioned in Paragraph 1
A. To show the importance of mental health.
B. To stress the positive role of humour.
C. To persuade people to stay positive.
D. To introduce ancient jokes to us.
33.According to the text, which kind of humour may you use to relieve pressure
A. Affiliative humour. B. Self-enhancing humour.
C. Aggressive humour. D. Self-defeating humour.
34.What does the underlined phrase “hint at” in the third paragraph probably mean
A. Signal. B. Explain. C. Prevent. D. Solve.
35.Which of the following will Kurt Vonnegut probably agree with
A. Humour is difficult to control. B. Crying is a good way of relief.
C. Humour is a double-edged sword. D. Laughter is the best cure for stress.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some people seem to be born with a talent for making people laugh. They can quickly tell a joke and make fun of something that is not supposed to be funny immediately 36. ______ It's something you can learn and improve. By doing the following things, you can develop your sense of humour.
37. ______ Practising humour and making people laugh involve communicating with others. Knowing what makes people annoyed and what can offend them is essential. 38. ______ While some people can stand this kind of comedy, others will not, so it's essential to keep this in mind when trying to improve your sense of humour. Offending somebody is the last thing you want to happen, and if it does occur, don't forget to apologise.
Practise your humour. Developing a good sense of humour is not something you can improve in just a single day. Instead, it takes effort and practice, and getting a laugh out of someone can be challenging. Try practising with your close friends and family first, and see if they find your jokes funny. 39. ______ You can also make some adjustments based on their advice.
Look at the bright side of things. Humour doesn't only come from cheerful or optimistic situations. It can come out even from difficult or troubling situations. 40. ______ Dark humour comes from unpleasant and terrible topics and making jokes out of such subjects. Care must be done when giving such kind of jokes as there might be sensitive people who don't take laughter when making fun of dark situations.
A. Learn and practise good timing.
B. Take your audience into account.
C. A very typical example of this is dark humour.
D. Afterwards, it is wise of you to try it with other groups of people.
E. Cruel humour usually happens when you make some funny responses.
F. However, sometimes a good sense of humour is not a strictly inborn talent.
G. Some jokes involve making fun of other people's faults, sadness or sufferings.
第三部分 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My daughter Emma complained I always got mad at her. I had to admit I'd been 41 to every little problem. I couldn't help looking on the dark side. The doctor said I was 42 . I had to find some way out of this 43 of negativity.
Soon after, a friend showed me his macro lens(微距镜头), which he 44 to his smartphone to take extremely close-up photographs. His photos made very small subjects look larger than in life. I was attracted to it immediately.
I ordered one for myself. As soon as it arrived, I headed out into the yard. I spotted a butterfly. Through my new lens, I could see how it changed its colour, depending on the 45 of light. Every day I went to the yard to look for something interesting to photograph. Some insects flew away as soon as I 46 them, so I trained myself to slow my breathing and relax my body. Anything bothering me would 47 Looking through my macro lens took me to amazing things I had walked past without 48 . I'd capture a leaf and a spider. Focusing my energy and lens on something so small brought me the 49 I’d never felt.
Macrophotography became my 50 . It also went into other parts of my life. One day when Emma displeased me, I took deep breaths. Then I 51 explained why her behaviour 52 me.
I've made peace with depression after discovered macrophotography. I can 53 darker days now. I can feel my anger or sadness, and then find a way out. It takes 54 and shadow to make an interesting photograph. I think the same is 55 of life.
41.A.overreacting B.contributing C.applying D.appealing
42.A.conservative B.depressed C.confused D.aggressive
43.A.level B.cause C.cycle D.process
44.A.appointed B.selected C.attached D.attracted
45.A.length B.temperature C.time D.angle
46.A.approached B.collected C.caught D.exhibited
47.A.break up B.stick out C.fade away D.hold on
48.A.greeting B.remarking C.regretting D.noticing
49.A.respect B.peace C.power D.guidance
50.A.work B.outlet C.focus D.mind
51.A.calmly B.gradually C.eventually D.frequently
52.A.touched B.seized C.interrupted D.bothered
53.A.imagine B.praise C.face D.forget
54.A.patience B.colour C.light D.money
55.A.true B.precious C.fair D.critical
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
“Look on the bright side” is one of those 56. _____ (suggest) that people always consider 57. _____ (inspire) but less helpful. However, new research shows that finding something of interest in a terrible situation makes people quickly stop complaining. Besides, looking at a challenge with humour is a good method 58. _____ may even be helpful in preventing depressed people from feeling sad.
In a study 59. _____ (publish) earlier this year, researchers gave the participants some photos that show negative situations. Then they would describe these photos according to 60. _____ request of researchers. Those using 61. _____ (humour) words to describe the photos 62. _____ (find) to have fewer negative emotions and more possibilities to go through a hard time in their life than those who described the photos 63. _____ (direct).
So there appear to be no disadvantages to looking at difficult things in your life with humour and lightness. The conclusion from the study is that for those at higher risk of depression, humour can develop an ability 64. _____ (control) negative emotions. What's more, humour has an extra benefit of making others around you smile. Therefore, when you feel stressed and can't concentrate 65. _____ what you are doing, find something that can make you laugh first.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，在外教Ms. Hill的帮助下,你的英语口语进步很大，请你根据以下要点用英文写封信向她表示感谢。
1. 写信的目的；
2. 受到的帮助及感受；
3. 再次表示感谢。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My three children played peacefully in the back yard. This alone should have put me on alert(警觉的),but the setting was so pleasant that I hung our clothes to dry in the soft breeze and enjoyed the unseasonably warm September afternoon. Our home was nestled in a forest of the Northern California foothills, facing a shining lake, with just a few neighbors.
It was a good place to raise our children: four-year-old Andre, two-and-a-half-year-old Yvonne, and fourteen-month-old Philippe. From the clothesline I had a clear view of the kids. Philippe was so cute, wearing only a diaper(尿片) as he was glued to a flower looking at a butterfly. He was always the curious one.
Our dog Jessie was always present, a constant participant in all the family activities. She lay fast asleep, warming herself in the sun. She was really gentle and kind, and her only annoying trait(特质)was her tendency to leave the house when I wasn’t looking. But this day, she was to prove her worth.
Having hung a whole basket of clothes, I ventured(冒险) into the house to grab a pile of wet sheets from the washing machine. As I wasn't in the habit of leaving my children unattended, I returned quickly to my clothesline duty. Just then, I noticed that Jessie had moved away from where she was lying. I exclaimed annoyedly, “That dog! She's off again, and we don't need any more puppies!” Looking around for her but failing to find her, I continued my laundry responsibilities, took a quick survey of the kids and saw, to my horror, that Philippe was missing. To my knowledge, no car and no passers-by had passed the usual paths close to our home. I began to yell his name, trying to stay calm.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I raced up and down the street, but no Philippe! ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Tears streaming down my face, I ran toward Philippe and Jessie. _________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分
第一节
1.答案：C
解析：M: Are you going to the train station now
W: No. I’ve changed my plan. I’m not going to Chicago today.
M: So are you going there tomorrow
W: No. I’ll be in New York for two more days.
2.答案：C
解析：W: Good morning. I’d like to have this bag sent to a friend in Japan. So when do you think he will receive it
M: It depends on which way you want it to be delivered. You can have a look here.
3.答案：A
解析：W: What are you eating, Henry
M: I’m eating some Soup Buns. They’re a kind of traditional Chinese food.
W: Do they have a long history in China
M: Yes. They became very popular as early as the Northern Song Dynasty.
4.答案：A
解析：M: Karen, did you go to Jennifer’s party last night
W: I planned to go, but I was locked in the house by my brother when I was sleeping in my room. It was already very late when he returned from the movie.
5.答案：B
解析：W: You seem to have something to say, don’t you
M: Did you hear that Mary has become CEO of an advertising company
W: Mary A CEO Did you know that she always failed the examinations in high school
6.答案：B
7.答案：C
解析：W: Peter, can you do me a favor I’m going to the airport now. Can you help me carry my bag out to the taxi
M: Certainly. So have you already called a taxi
W: Yes. It’s already waiting in the driveway now.
M: Good. When will your plane take off
W: It’s 2:00 pm now. The plane won’t take off until two hours later.
M: Well, there’s still quite a lot of time. You don’t need to hurry.
W: You know, it’s usually better to be early rather than late when you’re catching a flight. It will take me about one hour to get to the airport.
8.答案：B
9.答案：A
10.答案：B
解析：W: Thanks for taking me to the theme park, Mike. I had the time of my life.
M: I’m glad to hear that, Amy. I enjoyed myself there, too. There’s a party at Jason’s house tomorrow night. Do you want to go to it
W: Sorry, Mike, but I have an exam the day after tomorrow. I didn’t study today, you know.
M: Oh, in this case, you’d better review your lessons. Then what about going to see a horror movie after the exam
W: Well, actually I like comedies and love stories. I really want a movie to help me relax.
M: Then let’s go to a movie that can make us laugh.
W: OK.
11.答案：C
12.答案：B
13.答案：B
14.答案：A
解析：W: Do you still like reading newspapers or magazines, Mark
M: No. Now I often read news on some famous news sites. It’s more convenient.
W: Is there any impressive news today
M: Yes. The news about a vending machine that bakes a pizza in three minutes.
W: Baking a pizza in three minutes That’s really unbelievable. So is it in the US
M: No. It’s in Rome. The machine is called “Mr. Go Pizza”. It offers four different kinds of pizzas which cost between $5 and $7. There’s a small glass window that allows customers to watch as their pizza bakes.
W: So what about the pizza Does it taste good
M: Some people called the pizza “terrible”; others were kinder. They said the pizza is OK, but they also said it’s not pizza.
W: Well, Italy is well-known for its pizzas. There are so many restaurants that sell pizzas. I don’t think such a machine will be successful there.
M: I doubt it, too. But the machine has an advantage.
W: What is it
M: It offers 24-hour service. It is very useful if you’re hungry late at night.
15.答案：C
16.答案：C
17.答案：A
解析：W: Good evening, Benny’s Chop House. How may I help you, please
M: Good evening. I’d like to book a table for Tuesday or Wednesday night, please.
W: Sorry, but we’re fully booked every day until Thursday. Can you come that night
M: Let me see... OK, I’ll book a table for the night.
W: Good. So how many people are there in your party, please
M: I need to book a table for a family of four. Two adults and two kids.
W: You’re lucky, sir. A couple has just canceled their reservation, and we have such a table left for that night. But it’s not in the smoking section. I hope you don't mind that.
M: That’s fine with me. None of us smoke. As a matter of fact, we hate second-hand smoking. By the way, can we come around 7:00 pm
W: Yes. And we close around 10:30 pm. Now may I know your name and your number, please
M: Certainly.
18.答案：A
19.答案：C
20.答案：C
解析：M: Jim was surprised when his high school class traveled to England to learn about the life of William Shakespeare, one of England's most famous writers. He knew Shakespeare was born in a small town, but until he visited Stratford-upon-Ayon(埃文河畔斯特拉福德), Jim couldn't really imagine the place where Shakespeare spent his childhood. During his visit, Jim learned that Shakespeare's father was a glove maker. He also helped the city government in his spare time so his son could go to school for free. Sadly, when Shakespeare was only 15, his father died while traveling back from Cambridge. He had to leave school and could not go to university. But the tour guide told Jim's class that it was good that Shakespeare did not go to college. Nobody taught him how to write his plays, so he was free to write in a new way. His plays were different and interesting, and he became famous in London. Now, his name is known all over the world.
第二部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
21.答案： C
解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了文学入门这门课程的评分原则，因此本文可能选自一个课程计划。故选C。
22.答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据"Essays (60%)"、"Group Assignments (30%)"和"Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)"可知，学生的期末成绩由三部分组成。故选B。
23.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段"If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero."可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。故选A。
B
24.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,水资源质量因气候变化、极端天气等因素受到严峻威胁,世界各地河流的水质处于危险之中。故选C项。
25.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。第二段是总分结构,根据该段第一句可知,本段主要介绍米歇尔 范 弗利特博士领导的研究,根据下句中的The analysis shows可知,下文具体介绍该研究的结果。故选C项。
26.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段"Land use and other human factors such as wastewater treatment also shape how this plays out.和Understanding the complex interplay between climate, land use, and human drivers, which together influence the sources and transport of pollutants, is crucial"可知,土地使用和废水处理等其他人为因素也影响水质变化,弗利特认为了解气候、土地利用和人类驱动因素之间的复杂相互作用至关重要,因此可得出她认为人类活动对水质有很大影响。故选B项。
27.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段"The results of the study underline the urgent need for a better understanding of water quality changes during extreme weather events. It sounds an alarm to us."可知,作者认为该研究给我们敲响了警钟,所以对该研究持支持态度。故选D项。
C
8.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句"A group of Indian and US researchers first came across the local species hidden in leaf-litter as part of a wider project to look for new frogs, lizards and snakes in the richly biodiverse region and stored it in a jar for later study.(一组印度和美国的研究人员首次发现了隐藏在落叶中的本地物种,这是一个更广泛的项目的一部分,该项目旨在在这个生物多样性丰富的地区寻找新的青蛙、蜥蜴和蛇,并将其储存在一个罐子中供以后研究。)"和第二句"Genetic testing and a closer look at its shape, colouring and other features has shown that it doesn't match any existing species.(基因测试和对它的形状、颜色和其他特征的仔细观察表明,它与现有的任何物种都不匹配。)"可知,新发现的青蛙被装在罐子里进行了基因测试、颜色、形状及其他特征的进一步研究。故选A项。
9.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第二句"While many species new to science are frequently immediately sorted as endangered, it is too early to say whether the starry dwarf frog is threatened.(虽然许多科学上的新物种经常立即被归类为濒危物种,但现在说星耀矮蛙是否受到威胁还为时过早)"和第三句" 'They are very secretive,' says Shanker, adding that the team didn't know the size of its population.("它们非常神秘",Shanker说,并补充说研究团队不知道它们的数量。)"可知,新物种常被归类为濒危物种,而且这种新青蛙的数量是未知的,所以他们值得特别的关注。故选D项。
10.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“But the new species was found in a reserved forest, meaning it will enjoy a degree of protection by Indian government agencies.(但这个新物种是在一片保护区发现的，这意味着它将受到印度政府机构的一定程度的保护。)”可知，这种新青蛙物种正在受政府保护，因此它面临的危险可能更小。故选C项。
31.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句"A 'secretive' new species of frog has been discovered on the forest floor in India's Westerm Ghat mountain range.(在印度西高特山脉的森林地面上发现了一种"神秘的"青蛙新品种。) "可知整篇文章介绍了一种新被发现的青蛙品种。B项"A secretive frog species discovered in India(在印度发现的一种神秘的青蛙)"作为标题可以概括全文主旨。故选B项。
D
32.答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,“笑是最好的良药”这一观点自古以来就存在,西格蒙德 弗洛伊德在他1905年出版的《诙谐及其与潜意识的关系》一书中认为,幽默是心灵的最高防御机制,能够将焦虑转化为快乐。因此,第一段提到这本书是为了强调幽默的积极作用。故选B项。
33.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的Self-enhancing humour involves being able to laugh at yourself, often used as a way for you to deal with stress or difficulties and feel better as a result.可知,自我提升式幽默包括能够自嘲,通常是处理压力或困难的一种方式。因此,用于缓解压力的是自我提升式幽默。故选B项。
34.答案：A
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文中的...people using self-enhancing humour are less likely to show signs of loneliness and poor relationships with others.及By contrast 可知,使用自我提升式幽默的人不太可能表现出孤独和与他人关系不好的迹象。相比之下,攻击性和自我挫败的幽默风格都可能暗示出麻烦。由此可猜测,画线词意思是“暗示”。故选A项。
35.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Laughter and tears are both responses to frustration and exhaustion. I myself prefer to laugh, since there is less cleaning up to do afterward."可知,库尔特 冯内古特更喜欢笑,可得出他可能同意“笑是缓解压力的最好方法”这一观点。故选D项。
第二节
答案：BADGC
解析：
36.过渡句。前文提到每年秋天都有很多机会吸引你参与到你的学校社区中来,下面几段介绍了具体的参与方法,B项(这里有一些参与的方法。)承接上文,且引出下文的内容。故选B项。
37.主旨句。文章第三、四段的首句均为祈使句,是参与学校社区的具体做法,故推断此处也应该为祈使句。后两句都在讲社团,A项(加入一个社团!)可以概括后文的内容。故选A项。
38.细节句。设空处与前后文构成的语意结构为:通常高中有聚焦各种各样主题的社团。你喜欢德国电影吗 →_____→如果你的回答是肯定的,那么你很幸运!可能会有那种社团。D项(进入医学界的愿望怎么样 )和前一句都是问句,举了两个社团的主题的例子,并且照应后文提到的“回答”,故选D项。
39.细节句。根据段首的“Try out for a sports team!”可知本段主要在讲运动。设空处上文提到体育运动队是与志趣相投的人交朋友的好方法。G项(它们也是日常锻炼的最佳来源。)承接上文,都在讲体育运动队的好处,G项中的“They”指的是前一句提到的“Sports teams”,故选G项。
40.过渡句。根据段首句可知本段在讲做志愿工作。后文提到这可能是在学校总办公室接听电话或者是到国外提供国际援助。C项(志愿工作有多种形式。)承上启下,符合语境,下一句中的“It”指代C项中的“Volunteer work”。故选C项。
第三部分 语言知识运用
第一节
41.答案： A
解析：根据上文的I always got mad at her 及下文的I couldn't help looking on the dark side.可知,作者的女儿埃玛抱怨作者总是对她发火,由此可知,此处指作者对小问题反应过度。overreact意为“反应过火”,故选A项。
42.答案：B
解析：根据最后一段中的I've made peace with depression after I discovered macrophotography.可知,医生诊断作者得了抑郁症。conservative 意为“保守的”;depressed 意为“抑郁的;沮丧的”;confused 意为“困惑的”;aggressive 意为“好斗的”。故选B项。
43.答案：C
解析：根据上文可知,作者得了抑郁症。所以需要走出这个消极循环模式。cycle 意为“循环”,故选已项。
44.答案：C
解析：根据常识及设空处后的 his smartphone可知,此处指朋友将微距镜头装在手机上,用来拍摄特写照片。appoint意为“任命;委派”;select意为“选择;挑选”;attach 意为“把……固定;把……附(在……上)”; attract意为“吸引”。故选C项。
45.答案：D
解析：根据上文的see how it changed its colour 可知,蝴蝶的颜色改变是在不同角度的光线下发生的。length 意为“长度”;temperature 意为“温度”;time意为“时间”; angle意为“角度”。故选D项。
46.答案：A
解析：根据上文的 Some insects flew away 及下文的so I trained myself to slow my breathing and relax my body可知,作者靠近时,有些昆虫就飞走了。approach 意为“接近”; collect 意为“收集”;catch 意为“抓住;接”; exhibit意为“展览;展出”。故选A项。
47.答案：C
解析：根据下文的Looking through my macro lens took me to amazing things及 I can feel my anger or sadness, and then find away out.可知,通过微距镜头,作者看到了令人惊奇的事物,而困扰作者的事情都消失了。break up 意为“粉碎;解散”;stick out 为“伸出;坚持到底”;fade away 意为“逐渐消失”;hold on意为“坚持住;别挂断”。故选C项。
48.答案：D
解析：根据上文的I had walked past 可知,透过微距镜头,作者看到了自己未曾注意到的令人惊叹的事物。greet意为“问候";remark意为“评论"; regret 意为“后悔”;notice意为“注意到”。故选D项。
49.答案：B
解析：根据下文的I've made peace with depression after I discovered macrophotography,可知,作者找到了从未有过的平静。respect意为“尊敬;尊重”;peace意为“平静”;power 意为“能力;影响力”;guidance意为“指导”。故选B项。
50.答案：B
解析：根据上文的I had to find some way out of this ______of negativity.和下文的I can feel my anger or sadness, and then find a way out.可知,微距摄影成了作者的情绪出口。outlet意为“发泄途径”,符合语境。故选B项。
51.答案： A
解析：根据上文的I took deep breaths可知,作者能够平静地对女儿作出解释。calmly 意为“镇静地”;gradually 意为“逐渐地”;eventually 意为“最后;终于”frequently 意为“频繁地”。故选A项。
52.答案：D
解析：根据上文的Emma displeased me可知,此处指女儿的行为让作者生气。touch 意为“感动;触摸”;seize意为“抓住”;interrupt意为“打扰”; bother意为“使烦恼”。故选D项。
53.答案：C
解析：根据下文的I can feel my anger or sadness, and then find a way out.可知,通过微距摄影,作者现在已经可以面对不快的日子。imagine 意为“想象";praise 意为“称赞”;face意为“面对”;forget 意为“忘记”。故选C项。
54.答案：C
解析：根据上文I could see how it changed its colour, depending on the _____of light 及下文的shadow可知,要拍出有趣的照片需要光和影。故选C项。
55.答案： A
解析：根据上文的It takes and shadow to make an interesting photograph.可知,作者认为生活如同摄影,有光和影的交替,有光明和黑暗的更迭。true意为“确实的”;precious 意为“珍奇的";fair意为“公正的”;critical 意为“批判性的”。故选A项。
第二节
答案：suggestions；inspiring；which；published；the；humorous；were found；directly；to control；on
解析：
句意:“看到光明的一面”是人们总是认为鼓舞人心但没那么有用的建议之一。此处作is的表语,其前有one of those,应用名词复数形式。故填 suggestions。
句意同上。but连接两个形容词,根据句意,设空处表示“鼓舞人心的”。故填inspiring。
句意:此外,幽默地看待挑战是一个很好的方法,这甚至可能有助于防止抑郁的人感到悲伤。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词指代主句的looking at a challenge with humour,关系词在从句中作主语,应用 which引导该从句。故填 which。
句意:在今年早些时候发表的一项研究中,研究人员给了参与者一些表现消极情况的照片。设空处作后置定语,应用非谓语形式,publish 和 study 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填 published。
句意:然后他们根据研究者的要求对这些照片进行描述。request 后有 of researchers修饰,此处特指“研究者的要求”,设空处应用定冠词。故填 the。
句意:研究发现,与那些直接描述照片的人相比,那些用幽默的词语来描述这些照片的人负面情绪更少,熬过人生艰难时期的可能性更大。此处修饰名词 words,表示“幽默的”,应用形容词作定语。故填humorous。
句意同上。设空处作谓语,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。动词 find 意为“发现”,和主语 Those 构成被动关系,应用被动语态；Those为复数形式，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填 were found。
设空处修饰动词 described,应用副词,作状语。故填 directly。
句意:这项研究的结论是,对于那些患抑郁症风险较高的人来说,幽默可以培养一种控制负面情绪的能力。此处修饰抽象名词ability,应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填 to control。
句意:因此,当你感到焦虑,无法集中精力做你正在做的事情时,先找出能让你笑的东西。concentrate on 为固定搭配,意为“集中精力于……”。故填on。
第四部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Ms. Hill,
I'm Li Hua. I am writing to express my sincere thanks for your help with my spoken English.
First, it was your teaching method that helped to improve my spoken English. For example, you encouraged me to talk freely about everything around me in English. Second, it's really kind of you to be always patient with me. Moreover, you have a great sense of humor which added plenty of fun to the class. Every time at the end of the class, I began to expect the next class.
My true gratitude is beyond words.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
I raced up and down the street, but no Philippe! Having searched the whole street, I went back home to check on the other two kids and call the police. As I lifted the receiver to my ear, I glanced out the window overlooking the lake. There, my little boy was staggering to catch the butterfly, so close to the lake that it seemed as if he would fall into it the next second. Mercifully, Jessie sprang up at his side, pushing him away from danger with her nose, gently and carefully.
Tears streaming down my face, I ran toward Philippe and Jessie. Hands trembling, I picked up Philippe and inspected his little body for any wounds and injuries, while Jessie jumped happily around us, head up and tail wagging. Overflowing with gratitude, I hugged her tightly and kissed her forehead repeatedly. The whole suffering spanned maybe fifteen minutes, but it felt like an eternity for me. Thanks to our dear Jessie, I had Philippe back safely. Jessie was a valued family member, and we really needed her.

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