资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.
九年级英语上册必备知识清单
一、词汇知识清单
I、课标词汇[注意英译汉]
humorous adj.有幽默感的 silent adj. 沉默的 helpful 有用的 score n.&v.得分；进球
background n. 背景 interview v. n.面试；采访 Asian adj.亚洲的 n.亚洲人
deal v.对付 shyness n.害羞 dare v. 敢于 crowd n.人群
ton n.吨 private adj.私人的；私密的 guard n.警卫；看守&v.守卫
require v.要求 European adj.欧洲的 n.欧洲人 African adj.非洲的 n.非洲人
British adj.英国（人）的 speech n.演讲 public n.民众 adj.公开的；公众的
ant n.蚂蚁 insect n.昆虫 seldom adv.很少 influence v.&v.影响
absent adj.缺席 fail v.失败 examination n.考试 exactly adv. 确切地
Pride n.自豪 proud adj. 骄傲的 general adj.普遍的 n.将军 introduction n.介绍
II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]
1. humorous adj. 幽默的----humor n. 幽默----humorist n.富于幽默的人
2. silent adj. 不说话的；沉默的 ----silence n. 沉默----silently adv. 沉默地
3. helpful adj. 有用的；有帮助的---helpless adj. 无助的----help n. 帮助----helper n.助手；帮手
4. interview v. 采访; 面试/ n. 访谈----interviewee n. 参加面试者----interviewer n.采访者；面谈者
5. Asian adj. 亚洲的；亚洲人的 n. 亚洲人---Asia n.亚洲
6. deal v.对付；对待----dealer n.经销商；商人
7. shyness n.害羞；腼腆----shy adj.害羞的---shyly adv. 害羞地；羞怯地；胆怯地；小心地
8. private adj. 私人的；私密的----privately adv. 私下地；秘密地----privacy n. 隐秘；秘密
9. guard n.警卫；看守 v.守卫；保卫----guardian n. 监护人----guardianship n. 监护
10. require v. 需要；要求----requirement n. 需要；要求；必要条件----required adj. 必要的
11. European adj. 欧洲（人）的 n. 欧洲人----Europe n. 欧洲
12. African adj. 非洲（人）的 n. 非洲人----Africa n. 非洲
13. British adj. 英国（人）的----Britain n. 英国
14. public n. 民众 adj. 公开的；公众的----publicly adv. 公然地
15. absent adj. 缺席；不在----absence n. 缺席；缺乏----absentee n. 缺席者
16. fail v.不及格；失败；未能（做到）----failure n. 失败----failed adj. 已失败的，不成功的
17. examination n. 考试；审查----examine v. 检查；调查----examined adj. 检查过的----examiner n. 检验员；检验员----examinee n. 应试者；受审查者；受检查者
18. exactly adv. 确切地；精确地----exact adj. 准确的；精密的----inexact adj. 不精确的；不严格的；不正确的----inexactly adv. 不正确地；不精密地
19. pride n. 自豪；骄傲----proud adj. 骄傲的；自豪的----proudly adv. 骄傲地
20. general adj. 总的；普遍的；常规的 n. 将军 ----generally adv. 通常；一般地
21. introduction n. 介绍----introduce v. 介绍----introducer n. 介绍人
III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]
1. used to do sth 过去(常常) 做...
be / get used to doing sth 习惯做某事
use sth... to do sth 用...去做某事
sth be used to do sth .../ sth. be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事
2. be afraid of (doing) sth be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事
3. for the first time 首次，第一次 from time to time 不时，时不时
all the time 总是，一直 on time 按时，准时 in time 及时
4. wear glasses 戴眼镜
5. be friendly to...对...友好 friendly-friendlier-friendliest
6. be serious about 对...严肃
take...seriously 严肃对待...,认真对待...
7. keep silent 保持沉默 (be) in silence 沉默地
8. take an active part in 积极参与...
9. be brave enough to do sth 足够勇敢做某事
10. dare to do sth 敢于做某事
11. be helpful to sb/sth 对...有帮助
help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth.帮助某人某事
help sb out 帮助某人解决困难，脱离困境
can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事
with the help of sb 在某人的帮助之下
12. get good grades/scores 取得好成绩
13. be interested in (doing) sth 对...感兴趣
be more/less interested in (doing) sth. 对...更感兴趣/没那么感兴趣
have / take/ show an interest in... 对….有（产生、表现出）兴趣
find/think sth. interesting 发现/认为...是有趣的
14. on the soccer team 是足球队队员
15. turn red变红
16. take up (doing) sth 开始从事某事
17. deal with sth 处理，应对... deal-dealt-dealt
18. in front of crowds 在人群面前
19. not...anymore 不再...
20. be able to do 能够做某事 be unable to do sth./ be not able to do sth. 不能够做...
have the ability to do sth 有能力做某事
21. be popular in 在（哪里）受欢迎
be popular with/among sb. 在...（人）当中受欢迎
22. two kilos/tons of apples 两千克/吨苹果
tons of + C/U 大量的，许多的
23. worry about / be worried about 担心...
24. be careful about 对...小心
25. private time 私人时间
26. hang out with friends 和朋友外出
27. It is impossible for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事是不可能的
28. be prepared to do / be ready to do准备好做某事
prepare (v.)--- preparation (n.) prepare for sth. / prepare to do sth.
29. give up (doing) sth 放弃
30. How difficult/hard the road to success is! 通向成功的道路多么的艰难啊！
31. fight on 继续奋斗
32. a small/ large number of + 可数名词复数 ， 后面谓语动词用复数
the number of... ...的数量 ， 后面谓语动词用单数
33. make it to the top 成功登顶
34. walk to school = go to school on foot
35. on the soccer team 是足球队队员
36. do well in... 在...方面做得好
37. It is hard to believe that + 从句 （it 作形式主语）
It is unbelievable that + 从句 很难相信...
38. have difficulty/ problems/ trouble doing sth 做什么事有困难
39. cause some problems / cause trouble 惹麻烦
40. look for / search for 寻找
41. take care of / look after 照顾
42. be/ get/become (more/ less) interested in doing sth 对...有兴趣
43. boarding school 寄宿学校
44. advise sb. to do sth / advise doing sth 建议做某事 [U.] advice
45. in person 亲自，亲身
46. take a 24-hour train 坐24小时的火车
47. even though = even if 即使
48. have communication with sb / communicate with sb 和某人交流
49. be there for sb. 时刻在那儿（准备帮助和支持）
50. have a long talk 长谈 have a small talk 闲聊
51. be worried about = worry about 担心...
52. general introduction 总体介绍; 概述
53. in the past/last few years 在过去的几年里 (一般用现在完成时)：
54. be nervous about... 对..感到紧张
55. wear the school uniform 穿校服
56. mind doing sth 介意做某事
57. hate/ love doing sth 讨厌/喜欢做某事
58. be proud(adj.) of... / take pride(n.) in... 为...感到骄傲/自豪
IV、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]
humorous adj.幽默的
【巧记】humor（名词）+ous（形容词后缀）=humorous 【拓展】sense of humor幽默感
Silent adj.沉默的
【拓展】silence沉默 in silence沉默地 【短语】keep/remain silent保持沉默
Helpful adj.有用的；有帮助的
【巧记】Help（名词）+ful（形容词后缀）=helpful 【短语】be helpful to sb./sth对...有帮助
Influence v.&n.影响
【拓展】influence=effect 【短语】have an influence/effect on sb.对...产生影响
absent adj.缺席的；不在的
【拓展】absence n.缺席；不在 【短语】be absent from缺席... be present in/at出席...参加...
fail v.不及格；未能做...
【拓展】failure n.失败 【短语】fail to do sth未能做成某事 fail in sth.在某方面失败
Introduction
【拓展】introduce v.介绍
【短语】make introduction做介绍 self-introduction 自我介绍 introduce...to sb.将某人介绍给某人
general adj.普遍的 n.将军
【拓展】generally adv.普遍地；通常地 【短语】in general=generally总的来说
examination n.考试
【拓展】examine v.检查；考查
【短语】take an examination参加考试 pass the examination通过考试 fail the examination考试不及格
require v.要求
【拓展】 requirement n.要求
【短语】 require doing sth.需要被做 require sb. to do sth要求某人做某事 require that sb(should) do sth.
Interview v.&n.面试；采访
【拓展】interviewer n.面试官；采访者 interviewee n.被采访者；面试人员
【短语】interview sb. about sth.就某事采访某人 have an interview with sb.采访某人
shyness n.害羞
【巧记】shy(形容词)+ness（名词后缀）=shyness
【拓展】类似的单词：happiness快乐 sadness伤心 carelessness粗心
private adj.私人的 public adj.公开的 n.民众
【拓展】in private 私下地 in public 公开地 private school私立学校 public school公立学校
短语赏析
1.区分deal with和do with
deal with处理；应对 常与how连用
do with处理；应对 常与what连用
2.区分the number of和a number of
the number of 意为“...数量”，后接名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 The number of the books is 3,000.
a number of 意为“许多”，后接名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 A number of people are here.
区分not...anymore和not...any longer
not...anymore=no more 一般修饰短暂性动词，表示动作发生的次数、频率不再延续。
not...any longer=no longer 一般修饰延续性动词，表示动作、状态或时间不再延续。
4.make it
【拓展】获得成功；及时赶到；约定时间
例句：
1.The meeting starts at 10:00. I can make it if I run a bit faster.__及时赶到_ 2.You needn’t worry and he will make it.__取得成功__ 3.Let’s make it at 7:00 on Tuesday morning.___约定时间__
5. 关于in常用短语
in person亲自地 in public公开地 in fact事实上 in total总共 in a word总之
in order to 为了 in return作为回报 in a way在某种程度上 in the end最终 in general总体上
in the face of面对 in a hurry=in a rush匆忙地 in charge of 在...掌控中 in honor of为了纪念...
be in touch with与...联系 have... in common在...有相同之处 in ( dis)agreement 意见(不)一致
6.关于take的短语
take up 开始从事；占据 take part in参加 take place发生 take off起飞；脱掉；成功 take in 吸入
V、高级结构会变通[注意高级在写作中的仿写]
1. I used to be afraid of the dark.
【点拨】used to do 意为“过去常常做某事”
【拓展】get/be used to doing sth.习惯做某事 be used to do被用来做某事=be used for doing被用来做某事
2.It is hard to believe that he used to have difficulties in school.
It is very important for parents to be there for their children.
【点拨】前者的结构是It is hard to believe+ that从句意为“很难相信....”,其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to believe +that从句；第二句的结构是it’s+adj.+（for）sb.+to do sth.意为“做某事对某人来说...”其中it也是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to be there for their children.
3.It's been three years since we last saw our primary school classmates.
【点拨】it is/it has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时的句子，意为“自...已经有多长时间了”
4. This party is such a great idea.
【拓展】so用法：so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数；So+many/few+可数名词复数；so+much/little+不可数名词
such结构：such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数；such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词
5.I used to see him reading in the library every day.
【点拨】see sb doing意为“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在发生；区别see sb do,强调看到了动作发生的全过程或动作经常发生；与此类似的感官动词hear，watch等，都可以跟doing或do
6. I interviewed 19- year- old Asia pop star Candy Wang.
【点拨】19- year- old意为“19岁的”，在句中作定语，是一个复合的形容词，其结构：数词-名词（单数）-形容词；另一类复合形容词作定语的结构是：数字+连字符号+名词（单数）。
7.As she got better, she dared to see in front of her class and then for the whole school.
【点拨】as连词，意为“当...时候”，引导时间状语从句
【拓展】作连词，意为“正如”“由于”“按...方式；如同”；作介词，意为“作为”“像”
8.She was never brave enough to ask questions.
【点拨】其结构是adj.+enough+to do sth.，意为“足够...做某事”
【拓展】enough+名词；形容词/副词+enough
9.Too much attention can also be a bad thing.
too much 相当于形容词，修饰不可数名词；相当于副词，作状语，意为“太多” There is too much noise. She talked too much.
too many 修饰可数名词复数形式 There are too many books in the library.
much too 修饰形容词或副词，意为“太多的” The car is much too expensive.
10.My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
【点拨】in the last few years意为“在过去的几年里”，用于现在完成时
【拓展】现在完成时常与already, yet, ever, never, just ,before, several times,so far, up to now(到目前为止),in the last/past few years(在过去的几年里),since, for,how long连用
二、语法知识清单
used to 过去常常，可用于各种人称，表示过去存在的，但现在已经停止的情况或习惯。
①used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事” He used to going fishing by the lake.他过去常去湖边钓鱼。
②used to的句式变化 didn’t use to She used to like apples.→ She didn’t use to like apples.
usedn’t to She used to like apples. →She usedn’t to like apples.
used to 一般疑问句 1.在句首加did,并把used 变成use 2.把used当助动词提到句首 1.Did she use to like apples Yes, she did./No, she didn’t. 2.Used she to like apples Yes, she used to./No, she usedn’t to.
④used to 反意疑问句 附加疑问部分可借助did或used 1.She didn’t use to like apples, did she 2.She usedn’t to like apples, used she
⑤There used to be表示“过去有...” There used to be a bank across from the street.
⑥used to 相似结构辨析 used to do sth.过去常常做某事 My mother used to wash clothes by hand. 我妈妈过去常用手洗衣服。
get/be used to doing sth.习惯做某事 My mother gets/is used to washing clothes in the washing machine. 妈妈习惯用洗衣机洗衣服。
be used to do sth.被用来做某事=be used for doing sth被用来做某事 The washing machine is used to wash clothes=The washing machine is used for washing clothes.洗衣机是用来洗衣服的。
三、语篇知识清单
一、话题分析
本单元的话题是“谈论生活变化”。主要描述过去经常做的事，以及自己或他人过去的外貌、性格、爱好等等；描述生活中发生的变化，以及发生变化的原因。此话题主要从以下三方面设题：
①介绍自己现在和过去的变化；
②介绍家人、同学、朋友等发生的变化；
③对于身边发生的变化给出一些评论等。
写作方法
用“总分法”描述变化
1. 总述变化。2．分述过去和现在。3．提出希望。
三、素材积累
语块：
性格：humorous， silent， helpful， shy， outgoing， quiet, calm, active, interesting, funny, serious, popular, talkative, lazy, be easy/hard to get along with, be ready to help ....
外貌：tall，short，thin，heavy，strong，big eyes，wear glasses, beautiful, handsome，be of medium height/build, straight/curly/long/short/black/blond hair....
兴趣与爱好：in the school music／...club， on a basketball/... team, love/ like / enjoy (playing)_soccer / .... be interested in' / be good at ..., dislike / can' t stand ...
行为习惯：watch TV／ movies， listen to pop ／ ：.. music, hate P.E. /... class, not cat a lot of vegetables / ..., not read a lot of books, be afraid of the dark/ high places / being alone / giving a speech in public ...
学习：study ／ work hard， get good scores ／ grades on one＇ s exams， do well in school， be good at English／ .become less/more interested in studying, be absent from classes, fail the exam, be bad at / be poor in / be bored with/ do badly in...
衣着：dress in black ／ ...， wear jeans ／ ...， be dressed as a boy， dress beautifully ／ nicely／ poorly ／ simply／ ..
句型
. ... used to be / do ..., but now ...
. ... didn't use to be / do ..
... would often / usually/ always ...
. .... had the habit of....
... has / have changed so much / a lot / greatly / ...
....no longer...
...doesn't/don't...anymore.
It was common to see... do / doing ... (in those days / at that time /...
This is the most important change because...
四、写作训练一
【写作任务】
某英文杂志社正在征稿，题目是“How I’ve Changed!”。请你根据下面的要点提示写一篇英语短文介绍你的变化，给该杂志社投稿。
要点提示：1. 从外貌、性格、爱好等至少从三个方面描述你的变化； 2. 介绍你的一个重要变化、变化过程及原因。
【思路点拨】
1. 定基调
体裁：说明文
时态：说明过去的情况用一般过去时(可用本单元的used to结构表示“过去常常……”；说明现在的情况用一般现在时
人称：以第一人称为主
头脑风暴
2. 谋布局、写句子
列提纲 写句子
引出话题 My life has changed a lot in the last few years.
今昔变化对比 外貌 (1) __________________(我过去个子低). (2) I’m ___________________________________ (班里个子最高的学生之一).
性格 (3) ________________________(我过去羞涩并且安静). I’m outgoing and I like to make friends.
爱好 (4) _____________________(我过去讨厌读书). I have fallen in love with reading.
重要变化和变化过程及原因 (5) The most important change in my life was ____________________________(对读书变得感兴趣). My best friend gave me an interesting book to read. I enjoyed it so much that I started to read other books. (6) It was the most important change because reading __________________________________ ______________(给我很多知识并且让我很快乐).
3. 巧衔接
在说明今昔变化时，可以使用表示对比的词but，也可以通过动词时态的前后对照 (如used to和一般现在时)，还可以使用表示时间的词语now和last ... 进行衔接。
4. 添佳句
As a famous saying goes, “Reading makes a full man”. (如一句有名的谚语所说：“阅读使人充实。”)
4. 成篇章
How I’ve Changed!
My life has changed a lot in the last few years. ________
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
一 How I’ve Changed!
My life has changed a lot in the last few years. I used to be short, but now I’m one of the tallest students in my class. I used to be shy and quiet, but now I’m outgoing and I like to make friends. I used to hate reading, but now I have fallen in love with it.
The most important change in my life was becoming interested in reading. Last summer my best friend gave me an interesting book to read. I enjoyed it so much that I started to read other books. It was the most important change because reading gives me a lot of knowledge and makes me very happy. As a famous saying goes, “Reading makes a full man”.
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