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高考英语语法必备----语法如何串联
●英语语法研究词法和句法
●词法研究单词的词义和词性
●词性研究实词和虚词
●实词研究名动形副数，虚词研究冠代介感连
●实词中最难的是动词，动词研究谓语动 词和非谓语动词
●谓语动词研究时态、语态、语气和主谓一致。
●非谓语动词研究动词不定式、动名词和分词，
●分词研究现在分词和过去分词。
现分表主动， 过分表被动
●以词构句就有了句法
●句法中最简单的句子叫简单句，
简单句研究五大基本句子结构：主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾宾、主谓宾补。
●把简单句变得更简单就有了省略句，省略主语和谓语的一些成分，其中祈使句较重要。
●把简单句主语和谓语适当颠倒一下，就构成倒装句。倒装句研究完全倒装和不完全倒装句。
●把简单句变得更复杂一点，就有了并列句和主从复合句，
●并列句研究由并列连词 and/or/but/so 构成的并列句；
●主从复合句研究三大类从句:名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
●名词性从句研究主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；
●定语从句研究限制性和非限制性定语从句，也可以说研究由关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句。
●状语从句研究9大类状语从句：时间、
地点、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、目的、比较。
●加上强调句型、with 复合结构、独立主格结构，就是全部的英语语法。

(由于动词最难搞，下面附上这一条解释)
●实词中最难的是动词，动词研究谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1) 人类的句子=对象(主语名词)+描述(谓语动词)
(2)在英语中，主语必须是名词，谓语必须是动词。
(3)一个句子中有且只有一个“谓语动词”，当需要使用第二个动词
时，要么用“从句”或“并列”，要么用“非谓语动词”。
(Walking home), I saw an old man, (riding a bike), (reading a newspaper), (planning) (to buy some vegetables),(knocked down) (by a car), (sitting) (on the ground),(crying).
(4)谓语动词=助动词+实义动词
①助动词:帮助动词构成时态
②实义动词:表达动词根本意思 eg: saw = did+see
(5) 非谓语动词:
①to do/doing/done/to be done/having done/having been done/being done
(6)谓语动词和非谓语动词如何区分 看形式:长相不一样!
看位置:用法不一样!
The old man knocked (on the door).(谓语)
The old man (knocked down) (by a car) is NN.(非谓语)
●谓语动词研究时态、语态、语气和主谓一致。
★㈠ 时态:到底选啥时态，取决于说话人的“看法”!
彼得吃早餐。
Peter eats breakfast.彼得是吃早餐的。【常态】
Peter ate breakfast at home.彼得在家吃的早餐。【讲故事】
Peter has eaten breakfast.彼得吃过早餐了。【描述现在】
Peter had eaten breakfast before he started this class.【过去的过去】
英语语法的核心规律:形意结合！(先形后意!)
★时态9句:9种情况涵盖人类语言中动作和时间的全部关系!
①“常态” do/does(经常/真的/是..的/老)
②“讲故事”did (曾经/当时/刚刚)“动作=>过去，句子=>过去”
③“动作＝>过去，句子=>现在"have/has
done(已经/都/有)
④“发生在did 之前” had done (之前/之前已经)
⑤“发生在said/believed/told 的将来” would do(将/会)
⑥“到将来某一时刻就做完” will have done(将已经)
⑦“将来做某事/将来发生某事" will do (将/会)
⑧“在某一时间点上正在做某” be doing (正在)
⑨“一直做一直做已经做了很长时间还在做”have/has/had been doing(一直)
eg: Peter has been teaching for 50minutes.
★完成时的四大时间标志:
①完成时+(since+过去时)
②so far/ up to now/ up till now到现在为止
③over the last 3 days / during the past several years / in recent years
④次数:
1) I have watched the movie three times.
2)It/This is the first/second/third time that I have watched the movie.
★㈡ 被动语态:
①被动语态=be/get done
②谓语动词的被动是be done;非谓语动词的被动是done。
JJ is beaten by NN.
( Beaten)(by NN), JJ felt sad.
●注意:在做语法填空题时，应先判断主被动，再判断时态!
★㈢虚拟语气:
如果一件事儿不是真实的(不存在于真实世界)，而是你虚拟出来的(只存在于你的脑海)，就要用虚拟语气的形式(did)来表达。虚拟语气的世界里没有was)
eg: I wish I were a bird.
eg: I wish I would go to the moon.
eg: I wish I had met chairman Mao.
eg: I wish I drank coffee.
★㈣ 主谓一致:
①定义:主语是单数，谓语也是单数;主语是复数，谓语也是复数。
②关键:搞清楚主语到底是谁!!!!
●The family(家庭/一个集合) is a big one.
●The family(家人/一堆元素) are watching TV.
●Mr. Green, (together with his wife and daughters) is coming to Beijing.
●Either the twins or their mother is coming to talk with the teacher.
Some green grass and fresh flowers are seen outside the car windows.
●非谓语动词研究动词不定式、动名词和分词，分词研究现在分词和过去分词。现分表主动，过分表被动。
★非谓7绝
①做 doing
②被做done
③要做去做to do
④要被做to be done
⑤之前做having done
⑥之前被做having been done
⑦正在被做being done
★动名词的四大形式
①做doing:Loving someone is difficult.
②被做being done:Being loved means happiness.
③之前做:having done*
④之前被做:having been done*
★动词不定式相关搭配
be said/reported/told to do
●形容词+to do: I am lucky to have so many lovely students.
●only+to do:结果却..(表示令人惊讶的结果)
●英语难学结构:English is not easy (for me) to learn.
●衣服要洗结构:
☆I have clothes (for me) to wash.自己洗。
☆ I have clothes (to be washed).别人洗。

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