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1. A
2. C
3. C
4. D
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. D
9. B
10. D
11. B
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. C
16. AC
17.(1) 磷脂双分子层；a（核糖体）→b（内质网）→c（高尔基体）
(2) 流动性；溶酶体；调节其他细胞的代谢
(3) 5 mL 外泌体悬液；脂肪干细胞外泌体能够促进皮肤创伤面的愈合
18.(1) NADPH
(2) 降低
(3) 增加环境湿度、适当遮阴
(4) ① 下部；条形叶的光补偿点和光饱和点均最低，说明其适应弱光环境
② 光照强度；锯齿叶的光呼吸速率较高，有助于保护光合结构免受强光伤害
19.
(1) 常染色体隐性遗传；1/4；1/40000
(2) ① 替换
② 精氨酸
③ 基因通过控制蛋白质的结构直接控制生物体的性状
20.
(1) 受体；增大；抑制
(2) 增强；Cl 载体蛋白基因表达增强，导致 Cl 内流增加，膜电位变化增大，更易产生动
作电位，从而引起痛感
(3) 抑制 Cl 载体蛋白基因的表达；抑制痛觉神经元的兴奋性
21.
(1) 增加
(2) 细胞膜上；相抗衡
(3) 长反馈；测定小鼠基础 CRH 分泌量，然后摘除肾上腺，适量注射促肾上腺皮质激素，再
次测定 CRH 分泌量
(4) 上午
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