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选必一unit 4 单元练习
一、拓展词汇
1．interact vt.交流；相互影响_______________ n. 交流；相互影响
2．vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变____________ adj.各种不同的；各种各样的 ___________________n．变化；多样化；多变性
3．approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过___________ n. 同意；赞成；批准
(反义词)_________________n. 不同意
4．demonstrate vt.表现；表达；说明；证明_________________ n. 表现；说明
5．employ vt.使用；雇用；应用________________ n. 受雇者；雇员_________________
n. 雇用者；雇主__________________n．雇用；使用
6．compare vi. 比较 _________________n. 比较
7．infer v. 推理；推断 n.________________
8．rely vi. 信任；信赖；依靠 ___________ adj.可靠的；可信赖的
9．assess vt. 评估；评价______________ n．评定；评价
10．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家_____________ adj.受过良好教育(或训练)的________________ n．教育；训练
11．tend vi. 趋向；倾向_____________ n．趋势；倾向
12．favour vt. 较喜欢：n. 帮助；恩惠________________adj. 赞同的
13．occupy vt. 占据；占用___________ adj. 忙于……的；从事……的____________n．职业
14．distract vt. 分散(注意力)；使分心____________ n．使人分心的事物
15．distinguish vi.&vt.区分；辨别__________________ adj.杰出的
16．anxious adj.焦虑的；担心的_________________n.焦虑；担心
17．inquire vi.&vt.询问；打听___________ n．询问；打听；调查
18．ultimate adj.最终的，终极的_____________ adv.最终；最后
19．adjust vt. 调整；调节 vi.&vt.适应____________ n. 调整；适应
20．react vi. (对……)起反应；回应______________ n．反应；回应
三、单句语法填空
1．Lack of confidence is one of the main _____________(barrier) to his success.
2．____________(occupy) with his homework, he didn’t notice the flying birds outside.
3．By learning English, we can broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge in ____________(vary) fields.
4．I have been convinced that the print media are more accurate and ____________(rely) than television.
5．Generally speaking, people in Japan favour_____________(bow) when they meet.
6．Straighten________________your room before going out to play.
8．In China, smiling is not only an expression of happiness, but also a way to avoid being ________________(embarrass).
9．He tried his best to get his parents' _______________(approve) for his marriage, but in vain.
10．Barbara is in her late forties and has a _______________(tend) to complain about what she doesn't feel content with.
11．In her thirties, she distinguished herself as an athlete. Later, she became a ________________(distinguish) coach.
12．Many_______________(educate) strongly oppose protecting children too much.
13．If I can have the honour ___________(employ),i am sure i won’t disappoint you .
14．It’s _________________(embarrass) to be caught telling a lie.
15．A poor diet will _____________(ultimate) lead to illness.
16．The seat of a car is _______________(adjust), so you can adjust it according to your height.
17．An____________(inquire) was carried out by the government to determine the cause of the accident.
18. Mary________________(stare) at me in disbelief when I told her that the president would pay a visit to our school.
19. He was so ______________(anger) that tears rolled down his cheeks without control.
20. I _____________(bend) down into my starting position, the cheering around me growing louder.
四、短语填空
1．You can_____________________(相信）the talks between the two countries will not break down.
2．She doesn’t ________________(赞同) me leaving school this year.
3．The other day I_________________(与......有冲突）my deskmate, which made both of us full of anger.
4．___________________(与……相比较), this house has the advantage of a low price and convenient transportation.
5．More healthy food, or you’ll ________________(垮掉）sooner or later.
6．Now he has made up his mind to launch a campaign to__________(呼吁) people to respect the disabled and give them encouragement to live a rich and full life.
7．We had no idea where we were._________________(换句话说), we couldn’t get back along the original track at all.
8．He is always ready to ________________(帮忙） for his classmates.
9．What makes Mr Brown worried is that he has some difficulty ______________(适应) the weather here.
10．I don't know if Shally's coming. I don't _________________(费心去问).
五、单句写作
1. 我可以告诉你，没有什么比在我同学面前得到我老师的表扬更好的了。
I can tell you that___________________________________________________ before my classmates.
为了确保安全，你最好定期检查你的电器。(have +宾语+宾补）
You'd better ______________________________ regularly to ensure safety.
我不能按计划陪你去书店了，因为我的脚踝骨折了。(have +宾语+宾补）
I couldn’t accompany you to the bookstore as planned, for I_________________.
尽管旅行能够开阔你的眼界， 但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间. (while)
____________________________________________， I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it.
穿着这么少的衣服，我禁不住打起了哆嗦。
__________________________with so few clothes on.
他将不断地实验新的想法，以帮助全中国的农民。
He will keep ________________________________so that he can help farmers around china.
20世纪末见证了中国经济的迅速发展。(witness)
The late twentieth ___________________________________China’s economy.
我必须提醒大家，互联网上的一切并不都是正确的,我们应该学会识别错误的信息。
(部分否定）
I have to remind that ______________on the Internet is right and we should learn to identify the wrong information.
六、阅读理解
A
Now, a new study has uncovered a simple physical rule that governs ant rafts (蚁筏)：shrink and expand.The discovery could one day lead to the design of robots that work in groups.
Individually, ants are not as smart as people think, but collectively, they can form very smart and flexible organizations. For example, after storms in the southeastern United States, fire ants form giant floating rafts to survive rough waters.
Researchers used mathematical models to work out the mechanics behind these floating rafts. They found that the faster the ants on a raft moved, the more the raft expanded outwards, often forming long stretches. This behavior is automatic in nature and does not require any central decisionmaking.
The researchers also conducted experiments to uncover the secrets of the ant raft. They put thousands of fire ants in a bucket of water with a plastic stick in the middle, and they waited.
What they eventually saw was that rafts started to form, and instead of staying the same shape over time, they kept shrinking and expanding until they formed dense colonies. Sometimes the ants spread out like pancake batter (面糊) on a frying pan, and sometimes they shrank to form bridges. Each ant raft was made up of two layers. At the bottom, structural ants stuck together to form a base. Above them was a second layer of ants, which were free to walk on top of other ants. Over a period of time, ants climbed from the bottom to the top.
When they let the game play out, researchers found their simulated (模拟的) ant rafts behaved like they were in the real world.The more the ants walked, the more likely they were to form long stretches stretching out from the raft, like people gathering for the exit in a crowded stadium.
Research on fire ants will hopefully help us understand how simple rules can be written to instruct robots how to interact with others to achieve target group responses.
1.What plays an important role in the size of ant rafts
A．The speed of ants. B．The central decisionmaking.
C．The division of labor. D．The number of ants.
2.What is mainly discussed about ant rafts in the fifth paragraph
A．Size. B．Function. C．Shape. D．Formation.
3.Which column of a magazine is this article most likely from
A．Education. B．Society. C．Technology. D．Environment.
B
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad.Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain”， as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jawdropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “If food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington，D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat，” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A．We pay little attention to food waste.
B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat.
D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A．Moral decline. B．Environmental harm.
C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation.
6. What does Curtin's company do
A．It produces kitchen equipment. B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C．It helps local farmers grow fruits. D．It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7. What does Curtin suggest people do
A．Buy only what is needed. B．Reduce food consumption.
C．Go shopping once a week. D．Eat in restaurants less often.
答案：
一、拓展词汇
interaction 2. various variety 3. approval, disapproval 4. demonstration
employee, employer employment 6. comparison 7. inference
8. reliable 9. assessment 10. educated, education 11. tendency
12. favourable 13.occupied occupation 14.distraction 15. distinguished
16. anxiety 17. inquiry 18. ultimately 19. adjustment 20. reaction
二、单句语法填空
1. barriers 2. Occupied 3.various 4. more reliable 5.bowing
6.up 7.anxiety 8. embarrassed 9. approval 10. tendency
11. distinguished 12.educators 13. to be employed 14. embarrassing
15. ultimately 16. adjustable 17. inquiry 18. stared
19. angry 20. bent
四、短语填空
1. rely on it that 2. approve of 3. had conflicts of 4. By comparison
5. break down 6. call on 7. in other words 8. do a favour
9.adjusting to 10. bother to ask
五、单句写作
there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher
have your appliances examined
had my ankle broken
While travelling can broaden your horizons
I couldn’t help shaking
trying out new ideas
Witnessed the rapid development of
not everything
六、阅读理解
ADC BBDA

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