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2025届高三英语复习-阅读理解记叙文
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice.
I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over.
When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes.
By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared.
This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube.
1．How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author
A．She lived with a sense of guilt.
B．She realized the importance of first aid.
C．She developed a fear of witnessing similar events.
D．She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect.
2．What did the author do to help the woman on the tube
A．She relieved the woman’s coughing.
B．She walked the woman up to the lift.
C．She found a “medically competent” person for her.
D．She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back.
3．Which situation can be described as the bystander effect
A．You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag.
B．You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman.
C．You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road.
D．You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene.
4．What can we learn from this passage
A．A good tun deserves another. B．Every cloud has a silver lining.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Action speaks louder than inaction.
（24-25高三上·山东泰安·开学考试）The Sierra Nevada range is incomparable in scale (规模), and there’s no better way to see it than to appreciate every spectacular view with your own hard walking. My husband, our kids and I planned to cover the northern half of the John Muir trail in two weeks, which is a long-distance trail in the Sierra Nevada mountain range.
The trail snakes along the backbone of the High Sierra, past lakes, over mountain passes, and through dusty pine forests and beautiful wildflowers. We set expectations before we started: this would be tough, but worth it. To get our kids more involved, we let them have the map, decide when to stop for snacks and choose which lakes to jump into. In this way, they felt empowered.
For two weeks, we didn’t have to worry about managing video game time. Instead, the boys built dams and bridges across streams, climbed and swam, and one lunchtime, spent an hour slapping sleepy flies and feeding them to fish. Sometimes, they refused to carry their packs and complained about feet hurting. But these moments were far outweighed by extraordinary bursts of energy and enthusiasm — particularly when we’d been slogging uphill for hours and a mountain top finally came into view, our kids even decided we needed to push on.
By the time we finished, we had walked 112 miles, averaging about 10 miles a day. We had crossed five mountain passes, suffered foot pain and had terrible sleep. But we were right to be confident about our kids’ ability. Through the adventure, they will, I hope, understand what they are truly capable of, how perseverance leads to bigger rewards later on, and what it feels like to be encouraged and supported so that they can achieve something great.
5．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 1
A．Where the John Muir trail leads to.
B．The family have great passion for hiking.
C．The Sierra Nevada mountain range is worth hiking.
D．Why the Sierra Nevada range is so attractive to kids.
6．How did the couple give their kids freedom during the adventure
A．They promised them a bonus. B．They offered them enough snacks.
C．They exposed them to all kinds of animals. D．They gave them the power to make decisions.
7．What can we learn about the kids from paragraph 3
A．They liked playing with fish. B．They had a strong will.
C．They were tired but persevering. D．They were unwilling to take this trip at first.
8．What does the author hope the kids would gain from this adventure
A．Strategies for hiking. B．Some invaluable life skills.
C．Ways to improve the family relationship. D．Geographical knowledge about the trail.
（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）At just 5 years old, little Selah noticed that many of her fellow kindergarten classmates were struggling with their ABCs and didn’t know how to read, so she wanted to do something. The determined girl enlisted (争取) the help of her parents and The Empowered Readers Literacy Project was born.
After listening to their daughter’s concerns, Khalil and Nicole Thompson researched the issue and found some shocking information about literacy here in America including the fact that 85% of children in the juvenile (少年的) prison system are functionally illiterate. “All these crazy statistics for literacy blew our minds,” says Khalil Thompson. “The statistics said some prisons forecast the number of prison cells they are going to build in the future based on third-grade reading test scores.”
Despite the awesome nature of the problem they were facing, the couple was spurred on by Selah’s resolution, “We really, should just give away 20 hundred thousand books,” Nicole remarks, recalling her daughter’s words, The family got to work—starting initiatives such as Project 500 and their Holiday Book Drive.
As they began, one of the main issues the family found, contributing to illiteracy, was representation—children are, not as excited about reading when they don’t find themselves reflected in the pages of the book. And after realizing that very few of the characters in the stories she’d read looked like her. Selah then decided to write a book of her own that features a heroine who looks like her and shares her same interests and sense of adventure. In November 2019, Selah’s first book Penelope the Private Princess, was published, and the sequel (续集) just released in December 2020.
“There is so mush inspiration behind the fact that this is a child that wrote this story and came up with this” says Khalil. “You can reclaim your story, do your own story, and do all the things that adults at a at your young age and you should really know that you have power in your voice and ideas.”
9．Why does Khalil mention the practice of prisons Para.2
A．To prove the accuracy of his statistics.
B．To stress the importance of early reading.
C．To indicate the consequences of illiteracy.
D．To predict the trend of future juvenile crime.
10．What can we learn from the third paragraph
A．The words of Selah forced the couple to work.
B．The parents were encouraged by their daughter.
C．The number of the book needed is too big to reach.
D．The awesome nature of the problem surprised the couple.
11．What’s the problem Nicole discovered in kid’s books
A．Their plots were uninteresting. B．The illustrations were not lifelike.
C．Kids were represented insufficiently. D．The colors applied were unattractive.
12．What’s the main character like in Penelope the Pirate Princess
A．Wealthy and powerful. B．Naughty and troublesome.
C．Talented and sensitive. D．Determined and adventurous.
（2024·湖南永州·一模）When in sixth grade, Antonio Chow spent hours on his phone, watching endless videos about the latest movies and cars. His family worried as he became increasingly distant, his eyes glued to his phone’s screen. Soon his grade slipped from an A to a B．
However, Antonio, 13, managed to pull away from social media addiction, and his family noticed the shift. He started playing tennis again and going for walks with his dad. He and his sister Angelina, 15, joined a group spending the last year creating videos and brochures on mental health and social media. Adolescents in the group have dealt with social media addiction as the platforms they frequented fed them uncensored (未经审核的) streams of content.
Through the Los Angeles Public Library’s Teens Leading Change initiative, a group of teenagers created public service announcements and brochures that offer tips on how they and their peers can maintain healthful habits online.
One afternoon, the teens gathered at the library for one final meet-up before they presented their efforts to family and friends. Emily Meehan, a young adult librarian, guided them through their planned talking points. “What’s one way to use social media in a healthy and mindful way ” Meehan asked. “While social media causes lots of issues and stuff, people have also been using it to counteract that bad stuff,” Shira Cohen, a group member, replied. “Yes, body positivity,” Meehan said, nodding.
On a Saturday afternoon, the group presented their project to proud parents. They offered advice on navigating social media responsibly: don’t use the phone before going to bed, set a limit on social media use, practice gratitude...
Jerry Chow, Antonio’s father, said that he was glad to see them take the lead in the conversation about social media and understanding its effects. Meehan said,“ the project has proved the teens are seeing how social media affects their lives and their peers’ lives, and they aren’t going to have that. They want to do something about it.”
13．What do we know about Antonio Chow
A．He was fond of classic movies and cars.
B．His grades hardly changed after the phone addiction.
C．He removed social media addiction with his peers’ help.
D．His experience inspired him to join a group to help others.
14．What did the group focus on
A．Ways to use social media appropriately. B．Ways to help adolescents keep mental health.
C．Ways to develop good study habits at school. D．Ways to make public service announcements.
15．What does the underlined “counteract” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Accuse. B．Tolerate. C．Prevent. D．Distinguish.
16．What can we learn from the passage
A．Shira Cohen disagreed with Emily Meehan. B．Emily Meehan offered guidance to the group.
C．Jerry Chow was doubtful about what Antonio did. D．Angelina helped her brother break the addiction.
（2024·北京朝阳·模拟预测）In the 2010s, 34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine biologist. No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something.
Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself.
In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy. You can bring your own containers, though it’s not necessary: right by the front door are sanitized (消毒过的) glass or plastic containers, free for the taking.
Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the store doesn’t try to compete on price. For example, popcorn with paper package at a regular store may cost 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a customer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even so, zero-waste shopping can still come with savings. Take products that typically come packaged in large containers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part of the traditional cost would be in that glass jar.
Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way. Everything from olive oil to fresh eggs comes delivered in sanitized containers, which are collected with the next round of deliveries.
Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles.
17．Brianne Miller was inspired to start her business by the fact that ______.
A．food packaging generated tons of waste B．plastic litters posed a threat to marine life
C．people formed the bad habit of wasting food D．lots of food produced worldwide went to waste
18．Which of the following can best describe Miller
A．Brave and cautious. B．Caring and humorous.
C．Creative and determined. D．Optimistic and thoughtful.
19．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs
A．Miller thinks her efforts worthwhile.
B．Miller stopped her business during the pandemic.
C．Nada suffered serious losses because of the pandemic.
D．Containers were recycled during the pandemic to save money.
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice.
I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over.
When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes.
By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared.
This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube.
1．How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author
A．She lived with a sense of guilt.
B．She realized the importance of first aid.
C．She developed a fear of witnessing similar events.
D．She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect.
2．What did the author do to help the woman on the tube
A．She relieved the woman’s coughing.
B．She walked the woman up to the lift.
C．She found a “medically competent” person for her.
D．She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back.
3．Which situation can be described as the bystander effect
A．You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag.
B．You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman.
C．You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road.
D．You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene.
4．What can we learn from this passage
A．A good tun deserves another. B．Every cloud has a silver lining.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Action speaks louder than inaction.
（24-25高三上·山东泰安·开学考试）The Sierra Nevada range is incomparable in scale (规模), and there’s no better way to see it than to appreciate every spectacular view with your own hard walking. My husband, our kids and I planned to cover the northern half of the John Muir trail in two weeks, which is a long-distance trail in the Sierra Nevada mountain range.
The trail snakes along the backbone of the High Sierra, past lakes, over mountain passes, and through dusty pine forests and beautiful wildflowers. We set expectations before we started: this would be tough, but worth it. To get our kids more involved, we let them have the map, decide when to stop for snacks and choose which lakes to jump into. In this way, they felt empowered.
For two weeks, we didn’t have to worry about managing video game time. Instead, the boys built dams and bridges across streams, climbed and swam, and one lunchtime, spent an hour slapping sleepy flies and feeding them to fish. Sometimes, they refused to carry their packs and complained about feet hurting. But these moments were far outweighed by extraordinary bursts of energy and enthusiasm — particularly when we’d been slogging uphill for hours and a mountain top finally came into view, our kids even decided we needed to push on.
By the time we finished, we had walked 112 miles, averaging about 10 miles a day. We had crossed five mountain passes, suffered foot pain and had terrible sleep. But we were right to be confident about our kids’ ability. Through the adventure, they will, I hope, understand what they are truly capable of, how perseverance leads to bigger rewards later on, and what it feels like to be encouraged and supported so that they can achieve something great.
5．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 1
A．Where the John Muir trail leads to.
B．The family have great passion for hiking.
C．The Sierra Nevada mountain range is worth hiking.
D．Why the Sierra Nevada range is so attractive to kids.
6．How did the couple give their kids freedom during the adventure
A．They promised them a bonus. B．They offered them enough snacks.
C．They exposed them to all kinds of animals. D．They gave them the power to make decisions.
7．What can we learn about the kids from paragraph 3
A．They liked playing with fish. B．They had a strong will.
C．They were tired but persevering. D．They were unwilling to take this trip at first.
8．What does the author hope the kids would gain from this adventure
A．Strategies for hiking. B．Some invaluable life skills.
C．Ways to improve the family relationship. D．Geographical knowledge about the trail.
（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）At just 5 years old, little Selah noticed that many of her fellow kindergarten classmates were struggling with their ABCs and didn’t know how to read, so she wanted to do something. The determined girl enlisted (争取) the help of her parents and The Empowered Readers Literacy Project was born.
After listening to their daughter’s concerns, Khalil and Nicole Thompson researched the issue and found some shocking information about literacy here in America including the fact that 85% of children in the juvenile (少年的) prison system are functionally illiterate. “All these crazy statistics for literacy blew our minds,” says Khalil Thompson. “The statistics said some prisons forecast the number of prison cells they are going to build in the future based on third-grade reading test scores.”
Despite the awesome nature of the problem they were facing, the couple was spurred on by Selah’s resolution, “We really, should just give away 20 hundred thousand books,” Nicole remarks, recalling her daughter’s words, The family got to work—starting initiatives such as Project 500 and their Holiday Book Drive.
As they began, one of the main issues the family found, contributing to illiteracy, was representation—children are, not as excited about reading when they don’t find themselves reflected in the pages of the book. And after realizing that very few of the characters in the stories she’d read looked like her. Selah then decided to write a book of her own that features a heroine who looks like her and shares her same interests and sense of adventure. In November 2019, Selah’s first book Penelope the Private Princess, was published, and the sequel (续集) just released in December 2020.
“There is so mush inspiration behind the fact that this is a child that wrote this story and came up with this” says Khalil. “You can reclaim your story, do your own story, and do all the things that adults at a at your young age and you should really know that you have power in your voice and ideas.”
9．Why does Khalil mention the practice of prisons Para.2
A．To prove the accuracy of his statistics.
B．To stress the importance of early reading.
C．To indicate the consequences of illiteracy.
D．To predict the trend of future juvenile crime.
10．What can we learn from the third paragraph
A．The words of Selah forced the couple to work.
B．The parents were encouraged by their daughter.
C．The number of the book needed is too big to reach.
D．The awesome nature of the problem surprised the couple.
11．What’s the problem Nicole discovered in kid’s books
A．Their plots were uninteresting. B．The illustrations were not lifelike.
C．Kids were represented insufficiently. D．The colors applied were unattractive.
12．What’s the main character like in Penelope the Pirate Princess
A．Wealthy and powerful. B．Naughty and troublesome.
C．Talented and sensitive. D．Determined and adventurous.
（2024·湖南永州·一模）When in sixth grade, Antonio Chow spent hours on his phone, watching endless videos about the latest movies and cars. His family worried as he became increasingly distant, his eyes glued to his phone’s screen. Soon his grade slipped from an A to a B．
However, Antonio, 13, managed to pull away from social media addiction, and his family noticed the shift. He started playing tennis again and going for walks with his dad. He and his sister Angelina, 15, joined a group spending the last year creating videos and brochures on mental health and social media. Adolescents in the group have dealt with social media addiction as the platforms they frequented fed them uncensored (未经审核的) streams of content.
Through the Los Angeles Public Library’s Teens Leading Change initiative, a group of teenagers created public service announcements and brochures that offer tips on how they and their peers can maintain healthful habits online.
One afternoon, the teens gathered at the library for one final meet-up before they presented their efforts to family and friends. Emily Meehan, a young adult librarian, guided them through their planned talking points. “What’s one way to use social media in a healthy and mindful way ” Meehan asked. “While social media causes lots of issues and stuff, people have also been using it to counteract that bad stuff,” Shira Cohen, a group member, replied. “Yes, body positivity,” Meehan said, nodding.
On a Saturday afternoon, the group presented their project to proud parents. They offered advice on navigating social media responsibly: don’t use the phone before going to bed, set a limit on social media use, practice gratitude...
Jerry Chow, Antonio’s father, said that he was glad to see them take the lead in the conversation about social media and understanding its effects. Meehan said,“ the project has proved the teens are seeing how social media affects their lives and their peers’ lives, and they aren’t going to have that. They want to do something about it.”
13．What do we know about Antonio Chow
A．He was fond of classic movies and cars.
B．His grades hardly changed after the phone addiction.
C．He removed social media addiction with his peers’ help.
D．His experience inspired him to join a group to help others.
14．What did the group focus on
A．Ways to use social media appropriately. B．Ways to help adolescents keep mental health.
C．Ways to develop good study habits at school. D．Ways to make public service announcements.
15．What does the underlined “counteract” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Accuse. B．Tolerate. C．Prevent. D．Distinguish.
16．What can we learn from the passage
A．Shira Cohen disagreed with Emily Meehan. B．Emily Meehan offered guidance to the group.
C．Jerry Chow was doubtful about what Antonio did. D．Angelina helped her brother break the addiction.
（2024·北京朝阳·模拟预测）In the 2010s, 34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine biologist. No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something.
Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself.
In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy. You can bring your own containers, though it’s not necessary: right by the front door are sanitized (消毒过的) glass or plastic containers, free for the taking.
Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the store doesn’t try to compete on price. For example, popcorn with paper package at a regular store may cost 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a customer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even so, zero-waste shopping can still come with savings. Take products that typically come packaged in large containers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part of the traditional cost would be in that glass jar.
Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way. Everything from olive oil to fresh eggs comes delivered in sanitized containers, which are collected with the next round of deliveries.
Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles.
17．Brianne Miller was inspired to start her business by the fact that ______.
A．food packaging generated tons of waste B．plastic litters posed a threat to marine life
C．people formed the bad habit of wasting food D．lots of food produced worldwide went to waste
18．Which of the following can best describe Miller
A．Brave and cautious. B．Caring and humorous.
C．Creative and determined. D．Optimistic and thoughtful.
19．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs
A．Miller thinks her efforts worthwhile.
B．Miller stopped her business during the pandemic.
C．Nada suffered serious losses because of the pandemic.
D．Containers were recycled during the pandemic to save money.
【2024.北京高考真题】When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.
But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.
Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam
A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged.
25. In her 30s, the author _________.
A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career
C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings
26. Which word would best describe the author’s dream
A. Confusing. B. Empowering.
C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success.
C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident.
【2023.北京高考真题】Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
4．How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name
A．Anxious. B．Angry. C．Surprised. D．Settled.
5．After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
A．criticise the review process B．stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C．apply to the original project again D．put his heart and soul into the lab work
6．According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
A．demanding B．inspiring C．misleading D．amusing
7．What can we learn from this passage
A．An invitation is a reputation. B．An innovation is a resolution.
C．A rejection can be a redirection. D．A reflection can be a restriction.
（2022·北京·高考真题）“What would the world be if there were no hunger ” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良 )people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正 ) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
8．The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A．illustrate an argument B．highlight an opinion
C．introduce the topic D．predict the ending
9．What can be inferred about the field of nutrition
A．The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B．The relationships among players have been clarified.
C．Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D．The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
10．As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with
A．It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B．It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C．It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D．It goes beyond human imagination.2025届高三英语复习-阅读理解记叙文
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice.
I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over.
When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes.
By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared.
This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube.
1．How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author
A．She lived with a sense of guilt.
B．She realized the importance of first aid.
C．She developed a fear of witnessing similar events.
D．She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect.
2．What did the author do to help the woman on the tube
A．She relieved the woman’s coughing.
B．She walked the woman up to the lift.
C．She found a “medically competent” person for her.
D．She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back.
3．Which situation can be described as the bystander effect
A．You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag.
B．You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman.
C．You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road.
D．You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene.
4．What can we learn from this passage
A．A good tun deserves another. B．Every cloud has a silver lining.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Action speaks louder than inaction.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在地铁上帮助了一个被噎住的女性，虽然没帮上大忙，但是对方还是感谢了作者，让作者认识到行动胜于无为。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again.(我九岁的时候，我最好的朋友差点被一种叫gobstopper的硬糖噎死。几次尝试后，她咳出了糖果。从那以后，我再也没有吃过gobstopper，我一直害怕再次看到那一幕)”可知，朋友的窒息事件让作者对目睹类似的事件产生了恐惧。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“I started hitting her back and screaming for help.(我开始拍打她的背部，大声呼救)”以及“Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose.(谢天谢地，就像我的朋友一样，在几次猛烈的拍打之后，卡在她喉咙里的东西松动了)”可知，作者通过拍打女人的背部来进行急救，来帮助地铁上的女人。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction.(这段经历也教会了我“旁观者效应”，即人们认为别人在紧急情况下可以提供帮助，而别人的直接帮助远不太可能提供帮助，从而导致不作为)”可知，C选项“当你在路上看到一位受伤的女士时，你避免了介入”属于旁观者效应。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back—I may not have actually saved her life—but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared.(如果没有我匆忙拍她的背，她可能也会没事——我可能并没有真正救了她的命——但至少她知道有个人，一个她再也见不到的陌生人关心她)”以及最后一段“Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved.(不过，有时候，不管谁在附近，参与进来可能会很有用)”可知，故事告诉我们行动胜于无为。故选D。
（24-25高三上·山东泰安·开学考试）The Sierra Nevada range is incomparable in scale (规模), and there’s no better way to see it than to appreciate every spectacular view with your own hard walking. My husband, our kids and I planned to cover the northern half of the John Muir trail in two weeks, which is a long-distance trail in the Sierra Nevada mountain range.
The trail snakes along the backbone of the High Sierra, past lakes, over mountain passes, and through dusty pine forests and beautiful wildflowers. We set expectations before we started: this would be tough, but worth it. To get our kids more involved, we let them have the map, decide when to stop for snacks and choose which lakes to jump into. In this way, they felt empowered.
For two weeks, we didn’t have to worry about managing video game time. Instead, the boys built dams and bridges across streams, climbed and swam, and one lunchtime, spent an hour slapping sleepy flies and feeding them to fish. Sometimes, they refused to carry their packs and complained about feet hurting. But these moments were far outweighed by extraordinary bursts of energy and enthusiasm — particularly when we’d been slogging uphill for hours and a mountain top finally came into view, our kids even decided we needed to push on.
By the time we finished, we had walked 112 miles, averaging about 10 miles a day. We had crossed five mountain passes, suffered foot pain and had terrible sleep. But we were right to be confident about our kids’ ability. Through the adventure, they will, I hope, understand what they are truly capable of, how perseverance leads to bigger rewards later on, and what it feels like to be encouraged and supported so that they can achieve something great.
5．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 1
A．Where the John Muir trail leads to.
B．The family have great passion for hiking.
C．The Sierra Nevada mountain range is worth hiking.
D．Why the Sierra Nevada range is so attractive to kids.
6．How did the couple give their kids freedom during the adventure
A．They promised them a bonus. B．They offered them enough snacks.
C．They exposed them to all kinds of animals. D．They gave them the power to make decisions.
7．What can we learn about the kids from paragraph 3
A．They liked playing with fish. B．They had a strong will.
C．They were tired but persevering. D．They were unwilling to take this trip at first.
8．What does the author hope the kids would gain from this adventure
A．Strategies for hiking. B．Some invaluable life skills.
C．Ways to improve the family relationship. D．Geographical knowledge about the trail.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．B 8．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一家计划在两周内徒步穿越约翰·缪尔小径的北半部分的经历。通过这次冒险，他们希望孩子们能理解自己的真正能力，明白坚持会带来更大的回报，以及被鼓励和支持的感觉。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Sierra Nevada range is incomparable in scale, and there’s no better way to see it than to appreciate every spectacular view with your own hard walking.(塞拉内华达山脉的规模无与伦比，欣赏它的每一个壮观景色最好的方式就是用自己的双脚去行走)”可知，作者在第一段想要告诉我们塞拉内华达山脉值得一游。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“To get our kids more involved, we let them have the map, decide when to stop for snacks and choose which lakes to jump into. In this way, they felt empowered.(为了让我们的孩子们更多地参与进来，我们让他们拿着地图，决定什么时候停下来吃零食，选择跳进哪个湖里。这样，他们就感觉到了被赋予权力)”可知，这对夫妇在冒险中给孩子们自由的方式是让他们做决定。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“But these moments were far outweighed by extraordinary bursts of energy and enthusiasm—particularly when we’d been slogging uphill for hours and a mountain top finally came into view, our kids even decided we needed to push on.(但是，这些时刻远远超过了非凡的能量和热情的爆发——特别是当我们在山上挣扎了几个小时，终于看到山顶时，我们的孩子甚至决定我们需要继续前进)”可知，孩子们虽然累但还是坚持不懈地继续前行。由此推知，这孩子们具有坚韧的意志。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Through the adventure, they will, I hope, understand what they are truly capable of, how perseverance leads to bigger rewards later on, and what it feels like to be encouraged and supported so that they can achieve something great.(通过这次冒险，我希望他们能够理解自己真正的能力，明白坚持如何带来更大的回报，以及被鼓励和支持以便实现伟大成就的感觉)”可推知，作者希望孩子们能从这次冒险中获得一些宝贵的生活技能。故选B项。
（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）At just 5 years old, little Selah noticed that many of her fellow kindergarten classmates were struggling with their ABCs and didn’t know how to read, so she wanted to do something. The determined girl enlisted (争取) the help of her parents and The Empowered Readers Literacy Project was born.
After listening to their daughter’s concerns, Khalil and Nicole Thompson researched the issue and found some shocking information about literacy here in America including the fact that 85% of children in the juvenile (少年的) prison system are functionally illiterate. “All these crazy statistics for literacy blew our minds,” says Khalil Thompson. “The statistics said some prisons forecast the number of prison cells they are going to build in the future based on third-grade reading test scores.”
Despite the awesome nature of the problem they were facing, the couple was spurred on by Selah’s resolution, “We really, should just give away 20 hundred thousand books,” Nicole remarks, recalling her daughter’s words, The family got to work—starting initiatives such as Project 500 and their Holiday Book Drive.
As they began, one of the main issues the family found, contributing to illiteracy, was representation—children are, not as excited about reading when they don’t find themselves reflected in the pages of the book. And after realizing that very few of the characters in the stories she’d read looked like her. Selah then decided to write a book of her own that features a heroine who looks like her and shares her same interests and sense of adventure. In November 2019, Selah’s first book Penelope the Private Princess, was published, and the sequel (续集) just released in December 2020.
“There is so mush inspiration behind the fact that this is a child that wrote this story and came up with this” says Khalil. “You can reclaim your story, do your own story, and do all the things that adults at a at your young age and you should really know that you have power in your voice and ideas.”
9．Why does Khalil mention the practice of prisons Para.2
A．To prove the accuracy of his statistics.
B．To stress the importance of early reading.
C．To indicate the consequences of illiteracy.
D．To predict the trend of future juvenile crime.
10．What can we learn from the third paragraph
A．The words of Selah forced the couple to work.
B．The parents were encouraged by their daughter.
C．The number of the book needed is too big to reach.
D．The awesome nature of the problem surprised the couple.
11．What’s the problem Nicole discovered in kid’s books
A．Their plots were uninteresting. B．The illustrations were not lifelike.
C．Kids were represented insufficiently. D．The colors applied were unattractive.
12．What’s the main character like in Penelope the Pirate Princess
A．Wealthy and powerful. B．Naughty and troublesome.
C．Talented and sensitive. D．Determined and adventurous.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述一个5岁小女孩Selah如何注意到同学在阅读上的困难，并在父母的帮助下创立了阅读项目，最终还自己写了一本书的故事，展现了她的决心和行动力。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“After listening to their daughter’s concerns, Khalil and Nicole Thompson researched the issue and found some shocking information about literacy here in America including the fact that 85% of children in the juvenile (少年的) prison system are functionally illiterate. “All these crazy statistics for literacy blew our minds,” says Khalil Thompson. “The statistics said some prisons forecast the number of prison cells they are going to build in the future based on third-grade reading test scores.”(在听了女儿的担忧后，哈利勒和妮可·汤普森研究了这个问题，发现了一些令人震惊的信息，包括美国青少年监狱系统中85%的儿童是功能性文盲。“所有这些关于读写能力的疯狂统计数据让我们大吃一惊，”哈利勒·汤普森说。“统计数据显示，一些监狱根据三年级的阅读测试成绩来预测他们未来将要建造的牢房数量。”)”可知，本段提到监狱的做法是为了说明文盲的后果。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Despite the awesome nature of the problem they were facing, the couple was spurred on by Selah’s resolution, “We really, should just give away 20 hundred thousand books,” Nicole remarks, recalling her daughter’s words, The family got to work—starting initiatives such as Project 500 and their Holiday Book Drive.(尽管他们面临的问题很严重，但这对夫妇受到了塞拉决心的鼓舞。“我们真的应该捐赠20万本书，”妮可回忆起女儿的话时说道。这家人开始行动起来，发起了诸如“500项目”和“假日图书捐赠活动”等倡议)”可知，妮可夫妇受到了塞拉决心的鼓舞。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As they began, one of the main issues the family found, contributing to illiteracy, was representation—children are, not as excited about reading when they don’t find themselves reflected in the pages of the book. And after realizing that very few of the characters in the stories she’d read looked like her. Selah then decided to write a book of her own that features a heroine who looks like her and shares her same interests and sense of adventure.(当他们开始行动时，这个家庭发现导致文盲的主要原因之一是代表性——当孩子们在书页上看不到自己的影子时，他们就不会那么热衷于阅读。在意识到她读过的故事中很少有角色长得像她之后，塞拉决定自己写一本书，书中的女主角长得像她，和她有同样的兴趣和冒险精神)”可知，妮可在儿童读物中发现了书中儿童没有得到充分的代表。故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Selah then decided to write a book of her own that features a heroine who looks like her and shares her same interests and sense of adventure. In November 2019, Selah’s first book Penelope the Private Princess, was published, and the sequel (续集) just released in December 2020.(在意识到她读过的故事中很少有角色长得像她之后，塞拉决定自己写一本书，书中的女主角长得像她，和她有同样的兴趣和冒险精神。2019年11月，塞拉的第一本书Penelope the Pirate Princess出版了，续集也在2020年12月刚刚发行)”可知，Penelope the Pirate Princess中的主角是塞拉一样，做事充满决心并且有冒险精神的。故选D项。
（2024·湖南永州·一模）When in sixth grade, Antonio Chow spent hours on his phone, watching endless videos about the latest movies and cars. His family worried as he became increasingly distant, his eyes glued to his phone’s screen. Soon his grade slipped from an A to a B．
However, Antonio, 13, managed to pull away from social media addiction, and his family noticed the shift. He started playing tennis again and going for walks with his dad. He and his sister Angelina, 15, joined a group spending the last year creating videos and brochures on mental health and social media. Adolescents in the group have dealt with social media addiction as the platforms they frequented fed them uncensored (未经审核的) streams of content.
Through the Los Angeles Public Library’s Teens Leading Change initiative, a group of teenagers created public service announcements and brochures that offer tips on how they and their peers can maintain healthful habits online.
One afternoon, the teens gathered at the library for one final meet-up before they presented their efforts to family and friends. Emily Meehan, a young adult librarian, guided them through their planned talking points. “What’s one way to use social media in a healthy and mindful way ” Meehan asked. “While social media causes lots of issues and stuff, people have also been using it to counteract that bad stuff,” Shira Cohen, a group member, replied. “Yes, body positivity,” Meehan said, nodding.
On a Saturday afternoon, the group presented their project to proud parents. They offered advice on navigating social media responsibly: don’t use the phone before going to bed, set a limit on social media use, practice gratitude...
Jerry Chow, Antonio’s father, said that he was glad to see them take the lead in the conversation about social media and understanding its effects. Meehan said,“ the project has proved the teens are seeing how social media affects their lives and their peers’ lives, and they aren’t going to have that. They want to do something about it.”
13．What do we know about Antonio Chow
A．He was fond of classic movies and cars.
B．His grades hardly changed after the phone addiction.
C．He removed social media addiction with his peers’ help.
D．His experience inspired him to join a group to help others.
14．What did the group focus on
A．Ways to use social media appropriately. B．Ways to help adolescents keep mental health.
C．Ways to develop good study habits at school. D．Ways to make public service announcements.
15．What does the underlined “counteract” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Accuse. B．Tolerate. C．Prevent. D．Distinguish.
16．What can we learn from the passage
A．Shira Cohen disagreed with Emily Meehan. B．Emily Meehan offered guidance to the group.
C．Jerry Chow was doubtful about what Antonio did. D．Angelina helped her brother break the addiction.
【答案】13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安东尼奥·周设法戒掉了社交媒体瘾，加入了一个团体去帮助他人。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, Antonio, 13, managed to pull away from social media addiction, and his family noticed the shift. He started playing tennis again and going for walks with his dad. He and his sister Angelina, 15, joined a group spending the last year creating videos and brochures on mental health and social media.(然而，13岁的安东尼奥设法戒掉了社交媒体瘾，他的家人也注意到了这种转变。他又开始打网球，和爸爸一起散步。去年，他和15岁的妹妹安吉丽娜加入了一个组织，制作了有关心理健康和社交媒体的视频和小册子)”可知，安东尼奥·周的经历激励他加入一个团体去帮助别人。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Through the Los Angeles Public Library’s Teens Leading Change initiative, a group of teenagers created public service announcements and brochures that offer tips on how they and their peers can maintain healthful habits online.(通过洛杉矶公共图书馆的青少年引领变革倡议，一群青少年制作了公共服务公告和小册子，为他们和他们的同龄人如何在网上保持健康的习惯提供建议)”可知，小组关注的焦点是如何在网上保持健康的习惯，即适当使用社交媒体的方法。故选A。
15．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“While social media causes lots of issues and stuff, people have also been using it to (虽然社交媒体引发了很多问题和东西，但人们也一直在用它来……)”可知，while引导让步状语从句，表示转折关系，结合后文“that bad stuff (坏事物)”可知，此处表示主要是用来阻止坏事物的，故划线词意思是“阻止”，与Prevent意义相近。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据第四段“Emily Meehan, a young adult librarian, guided them through their planned talking points.(年轻的图书管理员Emily Meehan指导他们完成了计划中的谈话要点)”可知，Emily Meehan为小组提供指导。故选B。
（2024·北京朝阳·模拟预测）In the 2010s, 34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine biologist. No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something.
Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself.
In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy. You can bring your own containers, though it’s not necessary: right by the front door are sanitized (消毒过的) glass or plastic containers, free for the taking.
Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the store doesn’t try to compete on price. For example, popcorn with paper package at a regular store may cost 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a customer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even so, zero-waste shopping can still come with savings. Take products that typically come packaged in large containers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part of the traditional cost would be in that glass jar.
Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way. Everything from olive oil to fresh eggs comes delivered in sanitized containers, which are collected with the next round of deliveries.
Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles.
17．Brianne Miller was inspired to start her business by the fact that ______.
A．food packaging generated tons of waste B．plastic litters posed a threat to marine life
C．people formed the bad habit of wasting food D．lots of food produced worldwide went to waste
18．Which of the following can best describe Miller
A．Brave and cautious. B．Caring and humorous.
C．Creative and determined. D．Optimistic and thoughtful.
19．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs
A．Miller thinks her efforts worthwhile.
B．Miller stopped her business during the pandemic.
C．Nada suffered serious losses because of the pandemic.
D．Containers were recycled during the pandemic to save money.
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Miller通过开设了零废物杂货店，提供消毒玻璃杯或塑料容器来装食物。她通过这样的方式来告诉人们：没有包装就没有废品。
17．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something.(无论地点有多偏远，她都有同样令人震惊的发现：大量的塑料垃圾乱扔在水中，威胁着海洋生物。Miller知道她需要做点什么。)”和第二段“Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself.(加拿大人每年扔掉300万吨塑料垃圾，其中33%来自食品包装。全世界大约有三分之一的食物被浪费掉了。米勒决心解决这个问题，他想象了一家比禁止塑料袋更进一步的商店——一个既避免了浪费包装又避免了浪费食物本身的坏习惯的地方。)”可知，Brianne Miller的创业想法来自于塑料垃圾对海洋生物构成威胁。故选B。
18．推理判断题。 根据第三段中“In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy.(2018年6月，米勒在加拿大开设了她的第一家零废物杂货店。她将其命名为Nada，并确保一切都是为了让零浪费的购物体验变得容易。)”和第四段中“Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free.(Nada出售各种食品，都是100%无包装的。)”可知，Miller开设了零废物杂货店，说明她富有创造力；根据第二段中“Miller, determined to fix the problem(Miller，下定决心解决这个问题……)”和倒数第二段中“Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way.(尽管疫情初期的生意很艰难，但Miller及时转向了在线订购和送货，尽管是以一种非常简单的方式。)”可知，Miller认准了目标，就会下定决心去实现它，说明她有决心。因此可用creative和determined来描述Miller。故选C。
19．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles.(这些容器所做的不仅仅是减少浪费。正如Miller所希望的那样，它们让人们胸怀大志。“它们都贴上了Nada贴纸，所以你可以看到这个容器被使用了多少次，”她说，然后笑了。)”可推知，Miller的努力不仅减少了浪费，而且让人们认识到环保的重要性，她认为她的努力是值得的。故选A。
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again. Sadly, as I discovered this week, lightning can strike twice.
I was getting off a tube train in London when I noticed a woman coughing. I slowed down, watching her carefully. I had learned that coughing is rarely a sign that something is terribly wrong. Suddenly, the woman stopped coughing, her eyes widened and she bent over.
When I went over to ask if she was OK, she looked up at me, panicked, and pointed to her back. I started hitting her back and screaming for help. Despite having watched a few videos, I was terrified that I wouldn’t be able to correctly perform the Heimlich, a first-aid method, and that I would have to walk away with guilt for her death. But it was just the two of us, alone at an underground station; if I didn’t try to help, no one would. Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose. She thanked me, almost embarrassed, and walked up to the lift. I followed behind her, shaking, with tears in my eyes.
By the time we reached the lift, we had both calmed down. She took my hands and thanked me again, before disappearing. She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back — I may not have actually saved her life — but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared.
This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction. I get it: the fear of making things worse, especially if you have no medical training, is real. Research suggests that when a “medically competent” person is assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to occur. Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved. So it was with the coughing woman on the tube.
1．How did the friend’s choking incident affect the author
A．She lived with a sense of guilt.
B．She realized the importance of first aid.
C．She developed a fear of witnessing similar events.
D．She deepened her understanding of the bystander effect.
2．What did the author do to help the woman on the tube
A．She relieved the woman’s coughing.
B．She walked the woman up to the lift.
C．She found a “medically competent” person for her.
D．She performed first aid by hitting the woman’s back.
3．Which situation can be described as the bystander effect
A．You volunteered to help an old man carrying a heavy bag.
B．You asked your brother who is a doctor to save a dying woman.
C．You avoided involvement when seeing an injured lady on the road.
D．You walked away after the rescue men asked you to leave the scene.
4．What can we learn from this passage
A．A good tun deserves another. B．Every cloud has a silver lining.
C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Action speaks louder than inaction.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在地铁上帮助了一个被噎住的女性，虽然没帮上大忙，但是对方还是感谢了作者，让作者认识到行动胜于无为。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When I was nine, my best friend nearly choked to death on a gobstopper, a type of hard candy. After several attempts, she coughed up the candy. I haven’t had a gobstopper since and I have carried with me a fear of seeing that scene again.(我九岁的时候，我最好的朋友差点被一种叫gobstopper的硬糖噎死。几次尝试后，她咳出了糖果。从那以后，我再也没有吃过gobstopper，我一直害怕再次看到那一幕)”可知，朋友的窒息事件让作者对目睹类似的事件产生了恐惧。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“I started hitting her back and screaming for help.(我开始拍打她的背部，大声呼救)”以及“Thankfully, much like with my friend, after a few sharp hits, whatever had been stuck in her throat came loose.(谢天谢地，就像我的朋友一样，在几次猛烈的拍打之后，卡在她喉咙里的东西松动了)”可知，作者通过拍打女人的背部来进行急救，来帮助地铁上的女人。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This experience also taught me about the bystander effect, where people assume others assumed to be available during an emergency, direct help from others is far less likely to will help, leading to inaction.(这段经历也教会了我“旁观者效应”，即人们认为别人在紧急情况下可以提供帮助，而别人的直接帮助远不太可能提供帮助，从而导致不作为)”可知，C选项“当你在路上看到一位受伤的女士时，你避免了介入”属于旁观者效应。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“She might have been fine without my hurried hits on her back—I may not have actually saved her life—but at least she knew that someone, a stranger whom she would never see again, cared.(如果没有我匆忙拍她的背，她可能也会没事——我可能并没有真正救了她的命——但至少她知道有个人，一个她再也见不到的陌生人关心她)”以及最后一段“Sometimes, though, regardless of who else could be nearby, it may be useful to get involved.(不过，有时候，不管谁在附近，参与进来可能会很有用)”可知，故事告诉我们行动胜于无为。故选D。
（24-25高三上·山东泰安·开学考试）The Sierra Nevada range is incomparable in scale (规模), and there’s no better way to see it than to appreciate every spectacular view with your own hard walking. My husband, our kids and I planned to cover the northern half of the John Muir trail in two weeks, which is a long-distance trail in the Sierra Nevada mountain range.
The trail snakes along the backbone of the High Sierra, past lakes, over mountain passes, and through dusty pine forests and beautiful wildflowers. We set expectations before we started: this would be tough, but worth it. To get our kids more involved, we let them have the map, decide when to stop for snacks and choose which lakes to jump into. In this way, they felt empowered.
For two weeks, we didn’t have to worry about managing video game time. Instead, the boys built dams and bridges across streams, climbed and swam, and one lunchtime, spent an hour slapping sleepy flies and feeding them to fish. Sometimes, they refused to carry their packs and complained about feet hurting. But these moments were far outweighed by extraordinary bursts of energy and enthusiasm — particularly when we’d been slogging uphill for hours and a mountain top finally came into view, our kids even decided we needed to push on.
By the time we finished, we had walked 112 miles, averaging about 10 miles a day. We had crossed five mountain passes, suffered foot pain and had terrible sleep. But we were right to be confident about our kids’ ability. Through the adventure, they will, I hope, understand what they are truly capable of, how perseverance leads to bigger rewards later on, and what it feels like to be encouraged and supported so that they can achieve something great.
5．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 1
A．Where the John Muir trail leads to.
B．The family have great passion for hiking.
C．The Sierra Nevada mountain range is worth hiking.
D．Why the Sierra Nevada range is so attractive to kids.
6．How did the couple give their kids freedom during the adventure
A．They promised them a bonus. B．They offered them enough snacks.
C．They exposed them to all kinds of animals. D．They gave them the power to make decisions.
7．What can we learn about the kids from paragraph 3
A．They liked playing with fish. B．They had a strong will.
C．They were tired but persevering. D．They were unwilling to take this trip at first.
8．What does the author hope the kids would gain from this adventure
A．Strategies for hiking. B．Some invaluable life skills.
C．Ways to improve the family relationship. D．Geographical knowledge about the trail.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．B 8．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一家计划在两周内徒步穿越约翰·缪尔小径的北半部分的经历。通过这次冒险，他们希望孩子们能理解自己的真正能力，明白坚持会带来更大的回报，以及被鼓励和支持的感觉。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Sierra Nevada range is incomparable in scale, and there’s no better way to see it than to appreciate every spectacular view with your own hard walking.(塞拉内华达山脉的规模无与伦比，欣赏它的每一个壮观景色最好的方式就是用自己的双脚去行走)”可知，作者在第一段想要告诉我们塞拉内华达山脉值得一游。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“To get our kids more involved, we let them have the map, decide when to stop for snacks and choose which lakes to jump into. In this way, they felt empowered.(为了让我们的孩子们更多地参与进来，我们让他们拿着地图，决定什么时候停下来吃零食，选择跳进哪个湖里。这样，他们就感觉到了被赋予权力)”可知，这对夫妇在冒险中给孩子们自由的方式是让他们做决定。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段“But these moments were far outweighed by extraordinary bursts of energy and enthusiasm—particularly when we’d been slogging uphill for hours and a mountain top finally came into view, our kids even decided we needed to push on.(但是，这些时刻远远超过了非凡的能量和热情的爆发——特别是当我们在山上挣扎了几个小时，终于看到山顶时，我们的孩子甚至决定我们需要继续前进)”可知，孩子们虽然累但还是坚持不懈地继续前行。由此推知，这孩子们具有坚韧的意志。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Through the adventure, they will, I hope, understand what they are truly capable of, how perseverance leads to bigger rewards later on, and what it feels like to be encouraged and supported so that they can achieve something great.(通过这次冒险，我希望他们能够理解自己真正的能力，明白坚持如何带来更大的回报，以及被鼓励和支持以便实现伟大成就的感觉)”可推知，作者希望孩子们能从这次冒险中获得一些宝贵的生活技能。故选B项。
（24-25高三上·江苏南通·开学考试）At just 5 years old, little Selah noticed that many of her fellow kindergarten classmates were struggling with their ABCs and didn’t know how to read, so she wanted to do something. The determined girl enlisted (争取) the help of her parents and The Empowered Readers Literacy Project was born.
After listening to their daughter’s concerns, Khalil and Nicole Thompson researched the issue and found some shocking information about literacy here in America including the fact that 85% of children in the juvenile (少年的) prison system are functionally illiterate. “All these crazy statistics for literacy blew our minds,” says Khalil Thompson. “The statistics said some prisons forecast the number of prison cells they are going to build in the future based on third-grade reading test scores.”
Despite the awesome nature of the problem they were facing, the couple was spurred on by Selah’s resolution, “We really, should just give away 20 hundred thousand books,” Nicole remarks, recalling her daughter’s words, The family got to work—starting initiatives such as Project 500 and their Holiday Book Drive.
As they began, one of the main issues the family found, contributing to illiteracy, was representation—children are, not as excited about reading when they don’t find themselves reflected in the pages of the book. And after realizing that very few of the characters in the stories she’d read looked like her. Selah then decided to write a book of her own that features a heroine who looks like her and shares her same interests and sense of adventure. In November 2019, Selah’s first book Penelope the Private Princess, was published, and the sequel (续集) just released in December 2020.
“There is so mush inspiration behind the fact that this is a child that wrote this story and came up with this” says Khalil. “You can reclaim your story, do your own story, and do all the things that adults at a at your young age and you should really know that you have power in your voice and ideas.”
9．Why does Khalil mention the practice of prisons Para.2
A．To prove the accuracy of his statistics.
B．To stress the importance of early reading.
C．To indicate the consequences of illiteracy.
D．To predict the trend of future juvenile crime.
10．What can we learn from the third paragraph
A．The words of Selah forced the couple to work.
B．The parents were encouraged by their daughter.
C．The number of the book needed is too big to reach.
D．The awesome nature of the problem surprised the couple.
11．What’s the problem Nicole discovered in kid’s books
A．Their plots were uninteresting. B．The illustrations were not lifelike.
C．Kids were represented insufficiently. D．The colors applied were unattractive.
12．What’s the main character like in Penelope the Pirate Princess
A．Wealthy and powerful. B．Naughty and troublesome.
C．Talented and sensitive. D．Determined and adventurous.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述一个5岁小女孩Selah如何注意到同学在阅读上的困难，并在父母的帮助下创立了阅读项目，最终还自己写了一本书的故事，展现了她的决心和行动力。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“After listening to their daughter’s concerns, Khalil and Nicole Thompson researched the issue and found some shocking information about literacy here in America including the fact that 85% of children in the juvenile (少年的) prison system are functionally illiterate. “All these crazy statistics for literacy blew our minds,” says Khalil Thompson. “The statistics said some prisons forecast the number of prison cells they are going to build in the future based on third-grade reading test scores.”(在听了女儿的担忧后，哈利勒和妮可·汤普森研究了这个问题，发现了一些令人震惊的信息，包括美国青少年监狱系统中85%的儿童是功能性文盲。“所有这些关于读写能力的疯狂统计数据让我们大吃一惊，”哈利勒·汤普森说。“统计数据显示，一些监狱根据三年级的阅读测试成绩来预测他们未来将要建造的牢房数量。”)”可知，本段提到监狱的做法是为了说明文盲的后果。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Despite the awesome nature of the problem they were facing, the couple was spurred on by Selah’s resolution, “We really, should just give away 20 hundred thousand books,” Nicole remarks, recalling her daughter’s words, The family got to work—starting initiatives such as Project 500 and their Holiday Book Drive.(尽管他们面临的问题很严重，但这对夫妇受到了塞拉决心的鼓舞。“我们真的应该捐赠20万本书，”妮可回忆起女儿的话时说道。这家人开始行动起来，发起了诸如“500项目”和“假日图书捐赠活动”等倡议)”可知，妮可夫妇受到了塞拉决心的鼓舞。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As they began, one of the main issues the family found, contributing to illiteracy, was representation—children are, not as excited about reading when they don’t find themselves reflected in the pages of the book. And after realizing that very few of the characters in the stories she’d read looked like her. Selah then decided to write a book of her own that features a heroine who looks like her and shares her same interests and sense of adventure.(当他们开始行动时，这个家庭发现导致文盲的主要原因之一是代表性——当孩子们在书页上看不到自己的影子时，他们就不会那么热衷于阅读。在意识到她读过的故事中很少有角色长得像她之后，塞拉决定自己写一本书，书中的女主角长得像她，和她有同样的兴趣和冒险精神)”可知，妮可在儿童读物中发现了书中儿童没有得到充分的代表。故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Selah then decided to write a book of her own that features a heroine who looks like her and shares her same interests and sense of adventure. In November 2019, Selah’s first book Penelope the Private Princess, was published, and the sequel (续集) just released in December 2020.(在意识到她读过的故事中很少有角色长得像她之后，塞拉决定自己写一本书，书中的女主角长得像她，和她有同样的兴趣和冒险精神。2019年11月，塞拉的第一本书Penelope the Pirate Princess出版了，续集也在2020年12月刚刚发行)”可知，Penelope the Pirate Princess中的主角是塞拉一样，做事充满决心并且有冒险精神的。故选D项。
（2024·湖南永州·一模）When in sixth grade, Antonio Chow spent hours on his phone, watching endless videos about the latest movies and cars. His family worried as he became increasingly distant, his eyes glued to his phone’s screen. Soon his grade slipped from an A to a B．
However, Antonio, 13, managed to pull away from social media addiction, and his family noticed the shift. He started playing tennis again and going for walks with his dad. He and his sister Angelina, 15, joined a group spending the last year creating videos and brochures on mental health and social media. Adolescents in the group have dealt with social media addiction as the platforms they frequented fed them uncensored (未经审核的) streams of content.
Through the Los Angeles Public Library’s Teens Leading Change initiative, a group of teenagers created public service announcements and brochures that offer tips on how they and their peers can maintain healthful habits online.
One afternoon, the teens gathered at the library for one final meet-up before they presented their efforts to family and friends. Emily Meehan, a young adult librarian, guided them through their planned talking points. “What’s one way to use social media in a healthy and mindful way ” Meehan asked. “While social media causes lots of issues and stuff, people have also been using it to counteract that bad stuff,” Shira Cohen, a group member, replied. “Yes, body positivity,” Meehan said, nodding.
On a Saturday afternoon, the group presented their project to proud parents. They offered advice on navigating social media responsibly: don’t use the phone before going to bed, set a limit on social media use, practice gratitude...
Jerry Chow, Antonio’s father, said that he was glad to see them take the lead in the conversation about social media and understanding its effects. Meehan said,“ the project has proved the teens are seeing how social media affects their lives and their peers’ lives, and they aren’t going to have that. They want to do something about it.”
13．What do we know about Antonio Chow
A．He was fond of classic movies and cars.
B．His grades hardly changed after the phone addiction.
C．He removed social media addiction with his peers’ help.
D．His experience inspired him to join a group to help others.
14．What did the group focus on
A．Ways to use social media appropriately. B．Ways to help adolescents keep mental health.
C．Ways to develop good study habits at school. D．Ways to make public service announcements.
15．What does the underlined “counteract” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Accuse. B．Tolerate. C．Prevent. D．Distinguish.
16．What can we learn from the passage
A．Shira Cohen disagreed with Emily Meehan. B．Emily Meehan offered guidance to the group.
C．Jerry Chow was doubtful about what Antonio did. D．Angelina helped her brother break the addiction.
【答案】13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安东尼奥·周设法戒掉了社交媒体瘾，加入了一个团体去帮助他人。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, Antonio, 13, managed to pull away from social media addiction, and his family noticed the shift. He started playing tennis again and going for walks with his dad. He and his sister Angelina, 15, joined a group spending the last year creating videos and brochures on mental health and social media.(然而，13岁的安东尼奥设法戒掉了社交媒体瘾，他的家人也注意到了这种转变。他又开始打网球，和爸爸一起散步。去年，他和15岁的妹妹安吉丽娜加入了一个组织，制作了有关心理健康和社交媒体的视频和小册子)”可知，安东尼奥·周的经历激励他加入一个团体去帮助别人。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Through the Los Angeles Public Library’s Teens Leading Change initiative, a group of teenagers created public service announcements and brochures that offer tips on how they and their peers can maintain healthful habits online.(通过洛杉矶公共图书馆的青少年引领变革倡议，一群青少年制作了公共服务公告和小册子，为他们和他们的同龄人如何在网上保持健康的习惯提供建议)”可知，小组关注的焦点是如何在网上保持健康的习惯，即适当使用社交媒体的方法。故选A。
15．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“While social media causes lots of issues and stuff, people have also been using it to (虽然社交媒体引发了很多问题和东西，但人们也一直在用它来……)”可知，while引导让步状语从句，表示转折关系，结合后文“that bad stuff (坏事物)”可知，此处表示主要是用来阻止坏事物的，故划线词意思是“阻止”，与Prevent意义相近。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据第四段“Emily Meehan, a young adult librarian, guided them through their planned talking points.(年轻的图书管理员Emily Meehan指导他们完成了计划中的谈话要点)”可知，Emily Meehan为小组提供指导。故选B。
（2024·北京朝阳·模拟预测）In the 2010s, 34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world as a marine biologist. No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something.
Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself.
In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy. You can bring your own containers, though it’s not necessary: right by the front door are sanitized (消毒过的) glass or plastic containers, free for the taking.
Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free. Miller is clear that the store doesn’t try to compete on price. For example, popcorn with paper package at a regular store may cost 70 cents per 100 grams; at Nada, a customer might pay $1 per 100 grams. Even so, zero-waste shopping can still come with savings. Take products that typically come packaged in large containers, like spaghetti sauce, a large part of the traditional cost would be in that glass jar.
Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way. Everything from olive oil to fresh eggs comes delivered in sanitized containers, which are collected with the next round of deliveries.
Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles.
17．Brianne Miller was inspired to start her business by the fact that ______.
A．food packaging generated tons of waste B．plastic litters posed a threat to marine life
C．people formed the bad habit of wasting food D．lots of food produced worldwide went to waste
18．Which of the following can best describe Miller
A．Brave and cautious. B．Caring and humorous.
C．Creative and determined. D．Optimistic and thoughtful.
19．What can be learned from the last two paragraphs
A．Miller thinks her efforts worthwhile.
B．Miller stopped her business during the pandemic.
C．Nada suffered serious losses because of the pandemic.
D．Containers were recycled during the pandemic to save money.
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Miller通过开设了零废物杂货店，提供消毒玻璃杯或塑料容器来装食物。她通过这样的方式来告诉人们：没有包装就没有废品。
17．细节理解题。 根据第一段中“No matter how remote the location, she made the same alarming discovery: huge amounts of plastic littering the water and threatening marine life. Miller knew she needed to do something.(无论地点有多偏远，她都有同样令人震惊的发现：大量的塑料垃圾乱扔在水中，威胁着海洋生物。Miller知道她需要做点什么。)”和第二段“Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year, 33 percent of which comes from food packaging. Approximately one third of all food produced worldwide goes to waste, too. Miller, determined to fix the problem, imagined a shop that went further than banning plastic bags — a place that avoided both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food itself.(加拿大人每年扔掉300万吨塑料垃圾，其中33%来自食品包装。全世界大约有三分之一的食物被浪费掉了。米勒决心解决这个问题，他想象了一家比禁止塑料袋更进一步的商店——一个既避免了浪费包装又避免了浪费食物本身的坏习惯的地方。)”可知，Brianne Miller的创业想法来自于塑料垃圾对海洋生物构成威胁。故选B。
18．推理判断题。 根据第三段中“In June 2018, Miller opened her first zero-waste grocery store in Canada. She named it Nada, and ensured everything was designed to make the zero-waste shopping experience easy.(2018年6月，米勒在加拿大开设了她的第一家零废物杂货店。她将其命名为Nada，并确保一切都是为了让零浪费的购物体验变得容易。)”和第四段中“Nada sells various food items, all 100 percent package-free.(Nada出售各种食品，都是100%无包装的。)”可知，Miller开设了零废物杂货店，说明她富有创造力；根据第二段中“Miller, determined to fix the problem(Miller，下定决心解决这个问题……)”和倒数第二段中“Although the early days of the pandemic were tough on the business, Miller timely turned to online ordering and delivery, though in a very Nada way.(尽管疫情初期的生意很艰难，但Miller及时转向了在线订购和送货，尽管是以一种非常简单的方式。)”可知，Miller认准了目标，就会下定决心去实现它，说明她有决心。因此可用creative和determined来描述Miller。故选C。
19．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Those containers do so much more than just reduce waste. They get people thinking big, just as Miller hoped. “They’re tagged with Nada stickers, so you can see how many times the container has been used,” she says, and then smiles.(这些容器所做的不仅仅是减少浪费。正如Miller所希望的那样，它们让人们胸怀大志。“它们都贴上了Nada贴纸，所以你可以看到这个容器被使用了多少次，”她说，然后笑了。)”可推知，Miller的努力不仅减少了浪费，而且让人们认识到环保的重要性，她认为她的努力是值得的。故选A。
【2024.北京高考真题】When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.
But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it. Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.
Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam
A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged.
25. In her 30s, the author _________.
A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career
C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings
26. Which word would best describe the author’s dream
A. Confusing. B. Empowering.
C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn from this passage
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success.
C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back something I’d lost. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段“Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much. (成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。
【2023.北京高考真题】Sitting in the garden for my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…” and my vision blurred (模糊). The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme — had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for.
I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying, and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career.
So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all.
I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue.
When I applied to graduate school, I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction. And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before. When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undoubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about.
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
4．How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender’s name
A．Anxious. B．Angry. C．Surprised. D．Settled.
5．After talking with Professor Devon, the author decided to ________.
A．criticise the review process B．stay longer in the Sahara Desert
C．apply to the original project again D．put his heart and soul into the lab work
6．According to the author, the project with the robotics professor was ________.
A．demanding B．inspiring C．misleading D．amusing
7．What can we learn from this passage
A．An invitation is a reputation. B．An innovation is a resolution.
C．A rejection can be a redirection. D．A reflection can be a restriction.
【答案】4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started off: “Dear Mr Green, thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you…”and my vision blurred (模糊). (当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了。这封邮件是这样开头的：“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“我们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“So I was shocked when, not long after the email, Professor Mary Devon, who was running the programme, invited me to observe the work being done in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab. What she proposed didn’t seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to, but I was going to give it my all. (因此，当我收到这封邮件后不久，负责这个项目的玛丽·德文教授邀请我去她的实验室观察正在进行的工作时，我感到非常震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊——同时也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely. That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest to pursue. (我发现自己和一个机器人教授一起研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。我可以在沙发上完成这个项目，而不是在沙漠的酷热中完成，它不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科学兴趣去追求)”可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them. (我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划)”结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。故C选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故选C。
（2022·北京·高考真题）“What would the world be if there were no hunger ” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition because it requires considering the way in which food is produced, processed, delivered and consumed, and looking at how those things intersect (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, researchers need to identify all the players in that system; second, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of those relationships on each other and on those outside the system.
Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food security, the number of undernourished (营养不良 )people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common diseases. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propose that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known. This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems thinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some researchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正 ) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.
More researchers, policymakers and representatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
8．The author uses the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A．illustrate an argument B．highlight an opinion
C．introduce the topic D．predict the ending
9．What can be inferred about the field of nutrition
A．The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B．The relationships among players have been clarified.
C．Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.
D．The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
10．As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with
A．It may be used to justify power imbalance.
B．It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C．It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D．It goes beyond human imagination.
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。
8．推理判断题。由文章第一段““What would the world be if there were no hunger ” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, because imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal set out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now seen as essential in meeting global challenges. (“如果没有饥饿，世界会是什么样子？”这是 Crystal教授会问学生的问题。她后来写道，他们发现很难回答这个问题，因为想象一些不属于现实生活的东西，并学习如何将其变成现实是一项罕见的技能。它被教授给艺术家和工程师，但很少教授给科学家。Cry

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