Unit 7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.语法精讲——含有情态动词的被动语态(含解析)

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Unit 7 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.语法精讲——含有情态动词的被动语态(含解析)

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语法精讲——含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的被动语态
知识点01 定义与结构
【语法详解】定义:含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为"情态动词+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"情态动词指can, may, must, should等。
The flowers should be watered.应该给花浇水了。
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头做成。
Teenagers should be allowed to go out with their friends.青少年应该被允许和朋友外出。
结构:(1)肯定形式:主语+情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词+by短语(by短语可省略)。
(2)否定形式:主语+情态动词+not +be+及物动词的过去分词。
(3)一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词?
(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词?
Waste paper should not be thrown here. 废纸不应该被扔在这里。
Must the trees be watered now 这些树必须现在浇水吗?
Should it be done by Li Ming 这件事应该是李明干吗?
句式 结构 例句
肯定句 主语+情态动词+be done(+by+宾语). The work should be finished by ten.这项工作应该在十点之前完成。
否定句 主语+情态动词+not+be done (+by+宾语). Those books mustn't be taken out of the library.不准把那些书带出图书馆。
一般疑问句 情态动词+主语+be done(+by+宾语)? May these rooms be cleaned tomorrow?这些房间可以明天打扫吗?
特殊疑 问句 特殊疑问词+情态动词+主语+be done(+by+宾语)? When should these books be sent to the children in mountain areas?这些书应该什么时候送给山区的孩子们?
【警示】如果不强调动作的执行者,by短语常可省略。[来源
知识点02 含有情态动词的主动句与被动句之间的转换
【语法详解】含有情态动词的主动句与被动句之间的转换
含有情态动词的主动句变为被动句时,要把主动句中的宾语变成被动句中的主语;主动句中的谓语变为"情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词";主动句中的主语变为介词by的宾语(如果不强调动作的执行者,by短语常可省略)。
主动句:She must clean her room every day.
主语 谓语 宾语
被动句:Her room must be cleaned (by her) every day.
知识点03 情态动词
【语法详解】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,只能和其他动词的原形构成谓语。
1.表示能力 can/could
can 现在的能力; could是 can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力
①I can speak a little Japanese. 我会说一点儿日语。
②She couldn’t speak Chinese when she came to our school last month.
上月她来我校时还不会说中文。
2.表示许可和请求 can/could/may/might/mustn’t
can 正常 could 委婉,更礼貌(并非过去式)
may 更正式 might 语气更委婉(并非过去式)
She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。
May I use your phone 我可以用用你的电话吗?
3.表示推测
肯定推测:must>can>could>may>might
否定推测:can’t (must反义)>may not
He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。(一定)
He can’t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。(一定不)
4.表示应该 should /had better
1.should,应该
2.had better,最好
I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。
You’d better not smoke here because it smells bad. 你最好不要在这抽烟,因为很难闻。
5.表示必须 must/have to
1.用must表示"必须"的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有"不得不"的意思。
We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。
You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看医生。
2.用must表示"必须",只有现在时态的形式,如果要表示将来时态的"必须",就要用have to的相应形式。
You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。
They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。
6.need用法
1. 作情态动词
肯定 need do 否定 needn’t do
2. 作实意动词
肯定:人+ need to do / need sb. to do / need sth. 物+need doing
The desk needs cleaning.=The desk needs to be cleaned.
否定 don’t need
【经典练】
1.He agrees that teenagers should ________ some friends at school.
A.allow to make B.be allowed to make
C.be allowed making D.allow making
2.The children must _________.
A.look after B.be taken good care C.look the same D.be taken good care of
3.The sick girl _______ to the hospital at once.
A.must send B.must is sent C.must be sent D.be sent
4.Teenagers should __________ get on well with __________ .
A.teach how they;others B.teach how to;another
C.be taught how to;others D.taught to;the others
5.Students shouldn't ______ to get their ears pierced.
A.be allowed B.be allow C.allow D.are allowed
6.We know that something__________to prevent the rivers from__________.
A.should do; polluting B.must be done; being polluted C.can be done;pollute
7.—How dangerous! The children of that village take boats to school.
—Yes, I think a bridge _______ over the river.
A.is built B.will build C.should be built D.was built
8.—Prisoners ________with respect,after all, they are human beings.
—Yes. We should be fair to everyone no matter what they have done before.
A.treated B.were treated C.should treat D.should be treated
9.E-books are very light, and they can _________ easily in a Reader.
A.store B.be stored C.have stored D.are store
10.Some students chat on Wechat, so I think students should________ mobile phones to school.
A.be stopped to bring B.stop to bring C.be stopped from bringing
答案
1.He agrees that teenagers should ________ some friends at school.
A.allow to make B.be allowed to make
C.be allowed making D.allow making
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他同意青少年应该被允许在学校交朋友。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。主语“teenagers”是动作allow的承受者,sb be allowed to do sth意为“某人被允许去做某事”,用于情态动词should后,故选B。
2.The children must _________.
A.look after B.be taken good care C.look the same D.be taken good care of
【答案】D
【详解】句意:儿童必须被好好照顾。
短语look after和take good care of意为“照看、照顾”,儿童必须“被照顾”,需要使用被动语态must be done,即must be looked after/taken good care of,of不可省略,短语look the same意为“看起来一样”,孩子不可能看起来都一样,排除C,故选D。
3.The sick girl _______ to the hospital at once.
A.must send B.must is sent C.must be sent D.be sent
【答案】C
【详解】句意:必须马上把那个生病的女孩送到医院去。
考查情态动词被动语态。情态动词被动语态的句型是情态动词+be+been的结构,根据句意是生病的女孩必须被送到医院,所以是must be sent to the hospital,故选C。
4.Teenagers should __________ get on well with __________ .
A.teach how they;others B.teach how to;another
C.be taught how to;others D.taught to;the others
【答案】C
【详解】句意:青少年应该被教给怎样与人相处。
根据句子结构可知,动作的承受者作主语,所以要用被动语态。含有情态动词的被动语态结构是:主语+情态动词+ be + done,疑问词加动词不定式,可以做宾语;another表示“总数为三个以上中任意的另一个”,表示泛指;复数形式others表示“另一些”,也可以表示“别人;the others特指一定范围内的“其余的人或物”,根据句意可知,这里表示的是别人,所以应该选择C
5.Students shouldn't ______ to get their ears pierced.
A.be allowed B.be allow C.allow D.are allowed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:学生不应该被允许打耳洞。
考查动词语态。主语students是动作allow的承受者,故用被动语态。shouldn't是情态动词的否定形式,其被动语态结构为“shouldn’t be+及物动词的过去分词”,故选A。
6.We know that something__________to prevent the rivers from__________.
A.should do; polluting B.must be done; being polluted C.can be done;pollute
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们知道有些事情必须被做来防止河流被污染。
考查被动语态。should do; polluting主动语态,应当做;污染,doing形式;must be done; being polluted被动语态,必须被做;被污染;can be done; pollute被动语态,能被做;主动语态,污染,do形式。根据句意,空一的主语something和动词之间是被动关系,应为被动语态,故排除A项;空二表示“阻止河流被污染”,也应为被动语态,故排除C项,故选B。
7.—How dangerous! The children of that village take boats to school.
—Yes, I think a bridge _______ over the river.
A.is built B.will build C.should be built D.was built
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——多危险啊!那个村庄的孩子乘船去上学。——是的,我认为应该在河上建座桥。
考查被动语态。分析bridge和build之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态be+过去分词的结构,排除B;is built一般现在时态的被动语态的结构;should be built含有情态动词的被动语态的结构;was built一般过去时态的被动语态的结构;根据句意,回答是建议性语气,因此用情态动词的被动语态,should be built应该被建;故选C。
8.—Prisoners ________with respect,after all, they are human beings.
—Yes. We should be fair to everyone no matter what they have done before.
A.treated B.were treated C.should treat D.should be treated
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——囚犯也应该受到尊重——毕竟,他们也是人。——是的。不管他们以前做过什么,我们都应该公平对待每个人。
考查被动语态。treated对待,过去式或过去分词形式;were treated一般过去时的被动语态;should treat应该对待;should be treated应该被对待,被动语态。根据句意可知,句子的主语Prisoners与动词构成被动关系,应用被动语态,排除A和C;结合句意可知,这里表示“应该……”,故选D。
9.E-books are very light, and they can _________ easily in a Reader.
A.store B.be stored C.have stored D.are store
【答案】B
【详解】句意:电子书很轻,可以很容易地存储在阅读器中。
考查被动语态。store储存;be stored被储存;have stored已经储存,用于现在完成时;are store错误构成。根据句子主语是they,代指E-books,与动词store之间是被动关系,可知本句是被动语态;根据空前的can可知,句子是含有情态动词的被动语态,其构成是情态动词+be+done,can be stored可以被存储。故选B。
10.Some students chat on Wechat, so I think students should________ mobile phones to school.
A.be stopped to bring B.stop to bring C.be stopped from bringing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:一些学生在微信上聊天,所以我认为学生应该停止带手机上学。
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。be stopped to bring被阻止……去带;stop to do停止……去做某事;be stopped from bringing被阻止带来。分析句子可知,本句主语students是动作stop的承受者,所以本句是含有情态动词should的被动语态,排除B;又因为此处表示“学生应该被阻止带手机上学”而不是“学生应该被阻止做……去带手机上学”。故选C。

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