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Unit 8 Natural disasters 阅读理解、任务型阅读（含答案）-- 译林版 八年级英语上册
Maybe you know floods, earthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But have you heard of typhoons
Typhoons are one of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most typhoons happen in July, August and September.
How does a typhoon happen When lots of sea water gets hot in summer, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into the sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles (圆圈) and keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins.
A typhoon has two parts, and one is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here is the strongest wind and hardest rain.
Typhoons are very dangerous. In August, 2017, Typhoon Hato killed 24 people in China.
What to do when a typhoon hits
·Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them.
·Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong wind could even blow away your bikes!
·Listen to the radio or watch TV for important information.
·If you’re told to go to a safer place, do it right now.
1．This passage is most probably from ________.
A．an advertisement B．a travel record
C．a weather report D．a science magazine
2．Typhoons often happen ________.
A．in the hot season B．in the cold season C．only in China D．under the sea
3．In which order does a typhoon happen
a. The wind moves fast enough, and a typhoon starts. b. The air moves quickly, making wind.
c. The sun makes sea water hot. d. The air gets warmer.
A．d-c-b-a B．c-d-b-a C．c-d-a-b D．d-b-a-c
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．The warmer the air gets, the more slowly the wind moves.
B．A few people died because of Typhoon Hato around the world.
C．The strongest wind and hardest rain are in the wall of clouds.
D．A typhoon will not happen before the wind goes faster than 30 km a second.
5．When a typhoon comes, we had better NOT ________.
A．close all the windows B．listen to typhoon news
C．stay in the strong house D．go outside
An earthquake in Japan in 1923 took 142,000 lives. In China in 1976 an earthquake took 242,769 lives. It is easy to understand that earthquakes are so terrifying.
How do these terrible shakes of the ground come about We must first know something about the earth itself. Many different layers (层) of rocks form the earth’s crust (地壳). The layers of rocks are not flat (平坦的) and even (均匀的) like walls. Because of the great weight on them, these layers could fold (折叠) downward at weak places, and this finally leads to a break in the crust. When this break happens, the earth shakes. Sometimes these shakes are very small, and we cannot feel them.
Some parts of the earth have more quakes than other places. This is usually true of mountainous countries. But people in flat areas can also feel the quakes, because the waves (波) could run often for thousands of miles from the centre of a quake. What we need to fear most is the after-effects (后效应) of a strong earthquake: fires, floods, landslides (滑坡) and even tsunamis (海啸). And diseases after earthquakes kill lives, too.
Small earthquakes happen every day, but landslides do not happen very often. Most of us are lucky because earthquakes seldom happen in the places we live. But we must understand the need of being ready to help those unlucky ones.
6．The underlined word “terrifying” means “making people ________”.
A．surprised B．sad C．afraid D．nervous
7．Paragraph 2 mainly tells us about ________.
A．the growth of earth B．the reason of earthquakes
C．the types of earthquakes D．the results of earthquakes
8．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE
A．We can do something to prevent earthquakes.
B．Only people in the centre of an earthquake can feel it.
C．We should be careful about the after-effects of earthquakes.
D．The layers of rocks on the earth are as flat and even as walls.
9．According to the passage, after-effects of an earthquake do NOT include ________.
A．floods B．fires C．snowstorms D．tsunamis
10．In the last paragraph, the writer hopes ________.
A．we can help others in need
B．there will never be earthquakes
C．all of us will never face disasters
D．we can live far away from mountains
Chinese, Japanese and Korean all have simpler number words. They express math concepts (概念) more clearly than English. The language difference has drawn lots of attention. Several recent studies have connected weaker math abilities of English-speaking children with English number words.
Chinese, for example, has just ten basic number words. English, however, has more than two dozen (一打). The trouble starts at 11. English has a word (eleven) for that number. Chinese, Japanese and Korean have words that can be translated as ten-one—spoken with the ten first. That makes it easier for these children to understand the place value (位值). And the students can easily see the number system comes from units of 10.
English number words over 10 don’t make the place value clear. Words for numbers 13 to 19 change the order of the ones and tens. Children often mix 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing difficult calculations (运算). They make more mistakes.
It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the make-a-ten method. When adding two numbers, Chinese students often break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For example, 9+5 becomes 9+1+4. This method greatly helps students work out math problems. Many teachers in America are teaching their students the make-a-ten method. However, they are still having trouble because of the unclear and difficult English number words.
Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother language, all the math problems have become clearer and less difficult.
11．Several recent studies have found a connection between English number words and ________.
A．weaker math abilities of young learners of English
B．weaker math abilities of English-speaking children
C．stronger math abilities of young learners of English
D．stronger math abilities of English-speaking children
12．How many basic number words are there in English
A．Ten. B．Eleven.
C．More than a dozen. D．More than two dozen.
13．If you use the make-a-ten method, what will 8+7 become
A．6+2+7 B．7+1+7 C．8+1+6 D．8+2+5
14．What is the passage mainly about
A．Why some Asian languages can make math learning easier.
B．Why some Asian languages are easier than English.
C．How Asian children do basic calculations within ten.
D．How children’s math abilities are judged in different countries.
Hundreds of years ago, life was harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.
Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution to all living things in the world.
Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt (被状物) over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must clean their water now before it is thrown away and they mustn’t let dirty smoke go into the air.
We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw them on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution.
Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution.
15．The most serious kind of pollution is ________.
A．noise pollution B．air pollution
C．water pollution D．A, B and C
16．Factories must clean their water ________.
A．before they are thrown away
B．when they are thrown away
C．after it is thrown away
D．before it is thrown away
17．From the passage, we know that ________.
A．a few years ago, there was no smog at all
B．today people don’t have to talk to each other loudly
C．we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes
D．people are making rules in order to (为了) fight pollution
Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years. It came suddenly and went on for more than three hours. After lunch, I went into my room to have a rest. The air was hot, and all was quiet. The strong wind started blowing into my room. Pieces of paper on my desk flew high into the air and some flew out of the open window. As I ran out to catch them, big drops of rain began to fall. When I came back into the house, it was raining harder. I tried hard to close the window. Then I heard a loud crashing sound coming from the back of the house. I ran out of my room to find out what it was. A big tree had fallen down and broken the top of the back room.
18．The storm took place________.
A．in the morning
B．in the afternoon
C．while I was in the back room
D．while I was in the garden
19．Before the storm came, the weather was ________.
A．cold B．cool C．hot D．warm
20．The storm went on for ________.
A．more than three hours B．three hours
C．less than three hours D．two hours
21．The top of the back room was broken because of________.
A．the hot air B．the crashing sound
C．the rain D．the falling tree
The coldest and most difficult place in the world to live in is Antarctica(南极洲).
Antarctica is the land of snow and ice near the South Pole(南极). Most people do not think there is much life in the icy (结冰的)waters around it. They are wrong.
Antarctica’s seas are full of life. There are many kinds of fishes, water birds, seals, and whales (鲸). They eat the plant life in the sea and the smaller water animals. Some whales, for example, eat more than a ton of food every day.
The most famous animal of Antarctica is the penguin(企鹅). It struts(昂首阔步而行) around the icy beaches as if it was a movie star walking down the street.
22．The most famous animal of Antarctica is ________.
A．the whale B．the seal C．the penguin D．the fox
23．Antarctica has ________.
A．much ice B．warm weather
C．flocks of geese D．warm water
24．Around Antarctica there ________.
A．are many people B．is little plant life
C．are many animals D．is little snow
25．There ________ life in Antarctica.
A．is B．isn’t C．is no D．isn’t any
Many animals do strange things before an earthquake. This news may be important. Earthquakes can kill people and knock down homes. The animals may help to save lives.
Some animals make a lot of noise before an earthquake. Farmers have told about this. Dogs that are usually quiet have started to bark(吠). Horses on farms have run around in circles. Mice have left their holes and run away. Cows have given less milk.
In a town in Italy, cats raced down the street in a group. That happened only a few hours before an earthquake. In San Francisco, a man kept tiny pet frogs. One Sunday, the frogs jumped around more than ever. They made loud noises, like bigger frogs. That night, an earthquake struck the city.
People want to know when an earthquake is coming. Then they could get away safely. Right now, there is no sure way to know ahead of time. Maybe the best idea is watching the animals.
26．This passage is mainly about ________.
A．how animals act before an earthquake B．how an earthquake starts
C．how mice leave their homes D．how animals live every day
27．Before the earthquake in Italy, quiet dogs ________.
A．ran away B．started to bark C．climbed trees D．jump into the water
28．Before the earthquake in Italy, the frogs ________.
A．sang B．jumped into the water C．died D．jumped around a lot
29．There have been earthquakes in ________.
A．most countries B．England, France
C．Italy and San Francisco D．Chicago and Spain
30．People want to ________.
A．be in earthquake B．find out early about an earthquake
C．run around in circles D．follow the animals to run quickly
What are you going to do if you are in a burning house How will you escape Do you know how to save yourself Please read the following passage.
Escaping from a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save your life.
It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family, such as stairways and fire escapes, but not lifts.
From the lower floors of the buildings, escaping through windows is possible. Learn the best way of leaving by windows with the least chance of serious injury.
The first floor window is usually not very high from the ground. Though it is a little dangerous, it is safer to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building.
Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed. Or smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may have leaked(渗) into the room.
On a first or second floor, the best windows for escape are those that open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto cement(水泥) might end in injury. Bushes(灌木丛) and grass can help to break a fall.
31．It is possible to escape through the windows ________.
A．if there are some bushes on the ground
B．if you are strong enough
C．if you live on a lower floor
D．if you have a long rope
32．Which of the following escaping ways is NOT right
A．You can escape through stairways.
B．You can choose fire escapes.
C．You can escape from the windows that open onto a roof.
D．You can use a lift to come down at once.
33．Open the window so that ________ if the building is on fire.
A．you can get fresh air B．you can not be burned
C．you can easily jump off D．you can be seen first
34．The best title of the passage is “ ________”.
A．Escaping from the Windows
B．Save Yourself in the Burning House
C．Knowledge on Fire
D．Waiting for Help
There are some things in nature that we cannot stop from happening. We cannot stop the power of nature. A flood comes when there is too much water on the land. Sometimes, it is after a big storm when too much rain falls on the land. Sometimes it is after a big storm at sea when too much sea water comes onto the land. The fast flood water can hurt us and destroy (破坏) our homes. We cannot stop a flood from coming, but we can try to stop the water from coming into our homes. We can try to stop the water by making a wall. We can use sandbags to make the wall.
An earthquake comes when the land moves. The land goes up and down and in different directions. The land can crack (断裂). An earthquake can hurt us. We can get hurt by things that fall down in an earthquake. Falling things can start fires. We cannot stop an earthquake from coming, but we can try to make our homes strong so that they do not fall down in an earthquake.
A tornado (龙卷风) is the fast air that goes around and around over the land. A tornado can pick up anything. It can break anything that is on the way. A hurricane (飓风) is a big storm with fast strong winds and heavy rains. It begins on the sea and can come onto the land. Its fast winds can hurt us and destroy our homes. We cannot stop a tornado or a hurricane from coming, but we can get out of its way.
We cannot stop the power of nature, but we can go to places where we can be safe.
回答下列问题，每题答案不超过8个词。
35．When does a flood come
36．Why should we try to make our homes strong
37．How can we try to stop the water
38．A tornado has many dangers. Give one example.
39．When facing a tornado or a hurricane, what can we do
任务型阅读
Do you feel lonely when your best friend isn’t around Here’s our advice to you and to all kinds who feel lonely sometimes.
It’s hard when a best friend isn’t around maybe because he or she moved to a different school or a different class. You may feel left out at break or lunchtime. You want to have new friends, but how do you make them Maybe it seems like everybody else already has his or her friends. But remember, there’s always room for more friends.
Start by looking around your classroom—think about which kids you’d like to play with at break. Look for chances to say hi to them, smile, and be friendly. Offer to share something or express your appreciation (欣赏) to them. Invite someone to play with you or say “Do you want to sit here ” in the lunchroom. When you’re at break, walk over to kids you want to play with, act friendly, and say “Hi, can I play, too ”or just join in.
If you have trouble doing this or if you’re feeling shy, ask your teacher to help you make new friends. Teachers are usually pretty good at matching up friends. The best way to make friends is to be a friend. Be kind, be friendly, share, say nice things, offer to help—and pretty soon, you’ll have one, or two, or even more new friends.
You might still miss that special best friend. But when you see each other, you can share something you didn’t have before he or she left. You can introduce him or her to your new friends!
Advice on 40 to make new friends. ● 41 the kids you’d like to play with at break.
Be friendly to them and say hello to them when you’ve got the 42 .
● 43 things with them and let them 44 that you appreciate them.
Invite them to play with you or 45 with you at lunchtime.
● At break, 46 the kids you want to play with.
●If you are too 47 to make new friends by yourself, ask your teacher 48 help.
Remember the best way to make friends is to be 49 .
任务型阅读
As teenagers, you have a lot of dreams. These dreams can be very big, such as winning the Nobel Prize, or they can be small. You may just want to become one of the top ten students in your class.
Once you find a dream, what do you do with it Do you ever try to make your dream real Making our dreams real is life’s biggest challenge (挑战).
You may think you’re not very good at some subjects, or that it is impossible for you to become a writer. These kinds of thoughts prevent you from being successful.
In fact, everyone can make his dream come true. The first thing you must do is to remember the dream in your mind. Don’t let it leave your heart. Keep telling yourself what you want. Do this step by step and your dream will come true faster because a big dream is made up of small ones. Please never give them up.
You may have difficulties on the road to your dreams. But the biggest comes from yourself. You need to decide what is the most important. Studying instead of watching TV will lead to better exam results, while saving five yuan instead of buying an ice cream means you can buy a new book. As you get closer to your dream, it may change a little. This is good as you have the chance to learn more skills and find new interests.
How to 50 your dreams
Opinions ● Teenagers have 51 dreams, big or small. Making our dreams real is life’s 52 challenge.
Suggestions to make the dreams come true In fact, 53 of us can make the dream come true.
● First, don’t 54 the dream in your mind. Don’t let it leave your 55 .
● Keep telling yourself 56 you want. Do this step by step. A big dream is made up of small ones.
●·There will be 57 on the road to your dreams. But the biggest comes from yourself. You need to decide what is the most 58 .
● You have the chance to learn more skills and find new interests as you get closer to your dream.
Conclusion ● Once you find a dream, you should try your 59 to make it become real.
“Fire! Fire!” Students were running out of the classroom. They used wet clothes to cover their mouths and noses. Was there a fire No. It was just a fire drill（演习）. On June 15th, 2015, students in a middle school in Jingmen learned some safety skills when a fire broke out.
What can you do to make your houses safer Don’t put phone chargers（充电器）on your books or bed. And also we should not charge for too long. Don’t use candles in your bedroom. Check to see if you have broken electric wires（电线）in your house.
What should you do if you are caught in a burning building
If the fire is big, stay low and get out quickly. Make your clothes wet so they will not catch fire. Use wet clothes to cover your mouth and nose. Always use the stairs, don’t use the elevators. Because elevators may break down anytime. If the room is full of smoke, keep close to the floor where the air is cleaner and cooler. Once help arrives, wave a flashlight or cloth at the window to let the firefighters know where you are.
60．When did the students in a middle school in Jingmen have a fire drill
61．How many ways do you have to make your house safer according to the passage
62．Why shouldn’t you use the elevators when you are caught in a burning building
63．What should you do if the room is full of smoke
64．What other ways can you think of to keep your house safer （至少两点）
Country music is one of the most popular kinds of music in the United States today because it is about simple but strong human feelings and events-love, sadness, good times, and bad times. It tells real-life, stories and sounds the way people really talk. As life becomes more difficult to understand, it is good to hear music about ordinary people.
Country music, sometimes called country-western, comes from the traditional music of the people in the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern Unite States. Country music is also from traditional cowboy music from the west. The singers usually play guitars, and in the 1920s they started using electric guitars. At first city people said country music was low class. It was popular mostly in the South. But during World War II, thousands of Southerners went to the Northeast and Midwest to work in the factories. They took their music with them. Soldiers from the rest of the country went to army camps in the South. They learned country music. Slowly it became popular all over the country.
Today country music is also popular everywhere in the United States and Canada—in small towns and in New York City, among black and white, and among educated and uneducated people. About 1, 200 radio stations broadcast country music twenty-four hours a day. English stars sing it in British English, and people in other countries sing it in their own languages. The music that started with cowboys and poor Southerners is now popular all over the world.
65．How many kinds of music does country music come from
66．Where was country music popular before World War II
67．What did many Southerners go to the Northeast and Midwest to do during World War II
68．Who went to army camps in the South later
69．Is country music one of the most popular kinds of music loved by different kinds of people in the world today
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参考答案：
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D
6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A
11．B 12．D 13．D 14．A
15．B 16．D 17．D
18．B 19．C 20．A 21．D
22．C 23．A 24．C 25．A
26．A 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．B
31．C 32．D 33．A 34．B
35．When there’s too much water on the land. 36．To make sure they don’t fall down. 37．By making a wall. 38．A tornado can pick up anything./It can break anything. 39．We can get out of its way.
40．how 41．Think about 42．chance 43．Share 44．know 45．sit 46．walk over to 47．shy 48．for 49．a friend
50．realize 51．many 52．biggest 53．all/each 54．forget 55．heart 56．what 57．difficulties 58．important 59．best
60．On June 15th, 2015. 61．Four./4. 62．Because elevators may break down anytime. 63．We/I should keep close to the floor where the air is cleaner and cooler. 64．略
65．Two./2. 66．In the South. 67．Work in the factories. 68．Soldiers from the rest of the country. 69．Yes.
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