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Topic 2　How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake？
Section C
考点一　Knowing some ways to protect yourself will help to keep you safe in the earthquake.(P93)知道一些保护自己的方式将会帮助你在地震中保证自身安全。
这个句子的主语是动名词短语,宾语是不定式短语,句子结构比较复杂。
help后可以接动词不定式或者省略to的动词不定式作宾语。
【拓展】help 后可以加宾语,也可以加复合宾语,即宾语加宾语补足语。当需要动词充当宾语补足语时,也可以接动词不定式或者省略to的动词不定式。help sb.(to) do sth.的结构和help sb.with sth.的结构可以互换。
考点二 　Remember to protect your head and neck with your arms.(P93)
记得用你的手臂保护你的头和脖子。
【辨析】remember to do 和remember doing
remember to do意为“记得去做”,事情还没做。
remember doing意为“记得做过”,事情已经做了。
e.g.Remember to close the door.记得关门。(门还没关)
I remember closing the door.我记得关了门。(门关了)
在这一点上,forget和remember用法相同。
考点三　You may feel afraid,but you should try to stay calm.(P93)
你可能会感到害怕,但是你应该努力保持冷静。
try to do sth.努力做某事
【辨析】try to do sth.与try doing sth.
try to do sth.意为“试图或努力去做某事”,表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成。
try doing sth.意为“尝试做某事” “试着(用什么方法)去做某事”,表示一种试着、试试看的做法。
e.g.I’m trying to learn English well.我努力学好英语。
e.g.I tried knocking at the back door,but nobody answered.
我试着敲了敲后门,但没人回答。
考点四　Turn off the gas and lights.(P94) 关掉煤气和灯。
turn off关掉
【辨析】turn off,turn on,turn up和turn down
turn off关掉(煤气、电器开关等)　　turn on 打开(煤气、电器开关等)
turn up 调大(音量)　　turn down (把收音机的音量等)关小、调低
这四个短语均为“动词+副词”结构,使用代词时,应放在中间;接名词作宾语时,名词放在中间或后面均可。
e.g.Turn up the TV,please.I can hardly hear.请调高电视音量。我几乎听不见。
e.g.Turn on the light,please.请打开灯。
Ⅰ.翻译下列短语
1.乘电梯 　　　　　　take a lift　　　　　　
2.下楼　　　　 go downstairs
3.在……中间 in the middle of
4.远离 stay away from
5.小心,注意 be careful of
6.四处走动 move around
7.关掉(电源) turn off
Ⅱ.根据语境、音标或单词提示填空
1.People from different countries can’t understand/ nd (r) st nd/ each other, but after a game they often become very friendly to each other.
2.The safe/safest place to stay when lightning(闪电) strikes is inside a building.
3.In many countries, you should take off your gloves before shaking(shake) hands.
4.Mr Wang likes standing in the middle/ m dl/ of the classroom to tell us something new.
5.You should turn off the lights and gas when a fire happens.
Ⅲ.根据汉语提示完成句子
1.你过马路时要非常当心迎面而来的车。
Be very careful of the fast coming car when you go across the road.
2.如果地震发生时你正好在房间,一定要用手臂保护好你的头。
Be sure to protect your head with your arms if you are in a room when an earthquake happens.
3.遵守交通规则有助于确保你的行车安全。
Following the traffic rules helps to keep you safe when you are driving.
4.火灾发生时可打119求救。
You can call 119 for help when a fire happens.
Ⅳ.看图写话
1.dangerous,middle　It’s dangerous for the girl to stand in the middle of the road.
2.not, downstairs Don’t take a lift to go downstairs in a fire.
3.fall, earthquake Buildings fell down in the earthquake.
4.protect...from The hat can protect the girl from the sun. Topic 2　How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake？ Section A
考点一　A terrible earthquake struck Qinghai!(P89)青海发生了一场严重的地震!
struck是strike的过去式,过去分词可以是struck或stricken。strike原意为“击打、碰撞”,在本语境中意为“灾难或疾病等突然发生、产生不良后果”
e.g.The ship struck a rock and lost control.那艘船触礁后失去控制。
e.g.Three typhoons struck the small town last year.
去年这座小城经历了三次台风过境。
【拓展】strike作为名词,除了表示“击打,袭击”,还可作为“罢工”。
e.g.Workers in that country began a strike last month.
那个国家的工人上个月开始罢工。
【能力提升】
( )When the severe typhoon _______Fujian, I was still a little child.
A.struck　　　B.beat　　　　C.happened
【答案解析】:
选A。考查动词词义辨析。“当那场严重的台风发生在福建时,我还是一个小孩子。”表示灾难突然发生,选择struck。beat表示打败或者反复击打,happen表示发生,均不符合题意。
考点二　Many buildings fell down.(P89)许多建筑物倒塌。
fall down 意为“倒塌”。fell是fall的过去式,过去分词为fallen。
【拓展】fall的相关短语:1.当fall 作为系动词时,常用短语有fall asleep 入睡,fall ill生病,fall in love with 与……相爱;2.当fall作为实义动词时,除fall down外常用短语还有fall off 掉落,从离地的地方摔下;fall behind 落后,跟不上。
【辨析】当fall down 和fall off的主语为人时,都可以表示人“摔倒”,区别在于fall down一般指人和地面接触时摔倒,而fall off一般表示人在离地的地方,比如自行车、树等上面摔下。
e.g.He fell off the tree.他从树上摔下来。
e.g.He fell down after missing the chair.他没坐到椅子上,摔倒了。
【能力提升】
( )He was so happy that he made the new jump again but unfortunately this time he _______the skateboard.
A.fell down B.fell off C.fell behind
【答案解析】:
选B。考查动词短语辨析。根据上下文推断,此处他应该是从滑板上摔下来,故选fell off。句意:他太开心了,所以他再做了一次新的跳跃动作,但这一次很不幸,他从滑板上摔下来了。
考点三　I’m very sorry to hear that.(P89)听到那个消息我非常难过。
听到不好的消息时可以用这个句子进行回应。
考点四　And I know that there were another two terrible earthquakes in China.(P89)
并且我还知道发生在中国的另外两次严重的地震。
another+数词+名词 “另外的……”
e.g.He has to stay here for another three days.他不得不在这里再待3天。
【辨析】another 不定代词,表示三者或三者以上的“另一的,又一的” 常和the other 进行对比,the other表示两者中的“另一的,又一的”。
【能力提升】
1.I have two dresses.One is green and ____________is red.
2.I don’t like this dress.Can you give me ____________
答案:1.the other　2.another
考点五　I think the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 was more serious than this one, but the Tangshan earthquake in 1976 was the most serious.(P89)我认为2008年汶川地震比这场地震更严重,但是1976年的唐山大地震是最严重的。
serious是一个双音节词,它的比较级是more serious,最高级是most serious。
部分双音节和所有多音节形容词和副词的比较级是在原级的基础上加上more,最高级则是在原级的基础上加上most。
【能力提升】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.As time goes by, he became _____________________(excited) than before.
2.I think this movie is ___________________________________(interesting) one that I have ever seen.
3.You should do it _____________________(careful)next time.
答案:1.more excited　2.the most interesting　3.more carefully
考点六　How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake (P89)
我们怎样在地震中保护自己免受伤害呢
protect A from...保护A免受……的伤害
e.g.The government is trying to protect people from the flu.
政府尽力保护人们免受流感的伤害。
Ⅰ.翻译下列短语
1.倒塌　　　　　　　　　　　　 fall down
2.失去生命 lose one’s life
3.保护……免受……的伤害 protect...from...
4.向某人求助 ask sb.for help
5.另外两次地震 another two earthquakes
6.超过;多于 more than
7.……的数量 the number of
Ⅱ.根据语境、音标或单词提示填空
1.The earthquake / (r) kwe k/ often strikes Japan, so most Japanese know how to protect themselves.
2.After 14 years’ searching(寻找), Sun found his missing(miss) son.
3.After a volcanic eruption, a serious tsunami(海啸)struck(strike) Tonga.
4.Our apple tree fell down in the strong wind last night.
5.Don’t play with fire/ fa (r)/, or it may burn something and cause an accident.
Ⅲ.选择填空
(A)1.—My mother is still lying in hospital.
—I’m sorry to hear that.You had better ask for_______ days’ leave.
A.another three　　　　B.three another　　　　　C.other three
(C)2.—A car suddenly hit the wall and caused an accident.
—_______
A.How surprising! B.How interesting! C.How terrible!
(B)3.Tony is careful in having lessons.Jane is _______than him.Lily is _______of all.
A.careful; most careful
B.more careful; the most careful
C.more careful; careful
(B)4.One page of the book is _______, so I can’t learn the whole story.
A.losing B.missing C.leaving
(B)5.Wearing sunglasses can protect your eyes _______the strong light.
A.out of B.from C.by
Ⅳ.情景交际
1.听到一则令人难受的新闻时,你可以这样说:I’m sorry to hear that.
2.你想问在地震中怎么保护自己,可以这样问:How can I protect myself from the earthquake
3.你和朋友迷路了,你想建议向警察求助,可以这样说:Let’s ask the police for help. Topic 2　How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake？ Section B
考点一　Did you hear about the Yushu earthquake in Qinghai Province (P91)
你听说青海省玉树的地震了吗
hear about　“听说,得知”
【辨析】hear about 意为“听说,得知”,听到关于某人或某事的消息,比hear of知道得更详细,更具体。
hear of意为“听说”,后常接人或事物。
hear from意为“收到……的来信或电报”,其宾语是人,而不是信。
考点二　 It killed more than two thousand people and hurt more.(P91)
(这场地震)它导致超过两千人死亡,更多人受伤。
kill意为“杀死,导致死亡”,及物动词,需接宾语。
hurt在本语境下为过去式,hurt的过去式和过去分词与原形相同。
【辨析】kill 和die
kill的主语是导致死亡的原因或主体,后接宾语为死亡的人或物。
die的主语是死亡的人或物,它是不及物动词,不带宾语。
考点三　 I was very sad when I got the news.(P91)
当我得知这个新闻的时候,我非常伤心。
got是get的过去式,过去分词为got或gotten。get的用法多样,延伸的词义也很丰富,常用词义有“收到;获得;到达”等。
e.g.He got a good grade.他获得了好成绩。
e.g.I will call you as soon as I get to Shanghai.我一到上海就会给你打电话。
【拓展】含有get的常用短语:get along/on with 与某人相处;get down to do sth.开始做某事;get on 上(车);get off 下(车);get together聚会;get up起床。
考点四　No, running out can be dangerous.(P91) 不可以,跑出去可能是危险的。
在这个句子中,跑出去这个动词短语是主语,动词作为句子的主语时需要从动词原形转换成非谓语形式,且非谓语动词中只有动名词和不定式可以充当主语,在这个句子中采用的是变为动名词的形式。
考点五　Remember, the most important thing is to stay calm.(P91)
记住,最重要的事情是保持冷静。
to stay calm这个不定式短语在句中充当表语。不定式短语可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等名词性成分。
Ⅰ.翻译下列短语并用短语的适当形式填空
A.翻译短语
1.听说　　　　　　　 hear about
2.失去家园 lose one’s home
3.从……跑出来 run out of
4.保持冷静 stay calm
B.用上面短语的适当形式填空
5.—When did you hear about the exciting news
—Yesterday afternoon.
6.In case of a fire, we should stay calm and leave as quickly as possible.
7.A lot of people lost their homes after the serious earthquake in 2008.
8.When class was over, the students ran out of the classroom at once.
Ⅱ.根据音标或单词提示填空
1.How terrible! A heavy rainstorm struck this area and killed(kill) many people.
2.He was sad /s d/ when he heard about the death of Yuan Longping.
3.The Maldives may disappear if the sea level / levl/ keeps rising(上升).
Ⅲ.选择填空
(C)1.Linda was very _______when she got the bad news.
A.happy　　　　　　　B.excited　　　　　　　C.sad
(C)2.—Kangkang, I _______my pen.Could you please lend me yours
—I’m afraid I can’t.Mine is _______, too.
A.lost; lost B.missing; missing C.lost; missing
(B)3.Luckily, all the students _______of the classroom before it fell down.
A.took care B.ran out C.took out
(A)4.Shanghai Art Museum holds more than four _______art collections.
A.thousand B.thousands C.thousands of
(B)5.The accident is even _______than I thought.
A.serious B.more serious C.much seriousTopic 2　How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake？ Section D
考点　But with the help of the whole nation, people in Wenchuan are rebuilding their homes now and they are returning to normal life .(P95)
但是在整个国家的帮助下,汶川人民现在正在重建他们的家园,逐步回到正常生活。
with the help of sb./sth.= with sb.’s/sth.’s help 在某人/某物的帮助下
return to normal life回到正常生活
e.g. With the help of his friends, he finally went back home.在朋友们的帮助下,他终于回家了。
形容词、副词的比较级和最高级Ⅱ
1.在形容词的比较等级中,部分双音节和所有多音节形容词比较级和最高级的构成是在原形前加more或most
原级　　　　　　　　　比较级　　　　　　　　　最高级
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
useful more useful most useful
exciting more exciting most exciting
2.形容词和副词最高级的基本用法:常用“the+最高级+比较范围”结构,比较范围常用of,in,among引导的短语表达
China is one of the oldest countries in the world.中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。
The book is the most interesting of all the books.这本书是所有书中最有趣的。
She works hardest among them.她是他们当中学习最努力的。
注意:当副词最高级修饰动词时,可省略the。
3.形容词比较等级的特殊用法:
(1)比较级与最高级的结构可以转换,意思不变。
The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China.在中国,长江比其他河流都长。
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.在中国,长江比其他任何河流都长。
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
(2)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越仔细,你犯的错误就越少。
(3)表示两者中较……时,用“the+形容词比较级+of 短语”来表达。如:
Canada is the larger of the two countries.加拿大是这两个国家中较大的那一个。
(4)形容词的比较级可用much,a little,a lot,even等修饰,使原来的比较级在语意上更加明确。如:
Apples are much bigger than oranges.苹果比橙子大得多。
Let’s go to school a little earlier.我们早一点去学校吧。
The movie is even more interesting.这部电影甚至更有趣。
Ⅰ.翻译下列短语
1.在……的帮助下 　　　　 with the help of
2.重建家园 rebuild one’s home
3.重返正常生活 return to normal life
4.派某人做某事 send sb. to do sth.
Ⅱ.根据音标或单词提示填空
1.Linda has a lot of homework to do, so she has to spend the whole /h l/ afternoon doing it.
2.The man fell off his bike and got hurt, so we sent (send) him to hospital.
3.The boy wants to join the army / a (r)mi/ when he is eighteen years old.
4.After living abroad for 20 years, Qian Xuesen returned(return) to China in 1955.
Ⅲ.选择填空
(C)1.—A big box suddenly _______from a window when I passed by the building.
—How terrible!
A.put down　　　　B.sat down　　　C.fell down
(A)2._______ the morning of July 28th, 1976, an earthquake struck Tangshan, Hebei.
A.On B.In C.At
(C)3.—An old man went around _______country by bike.
—He is so great.
A.the all B.whole C.the whole
(C)4.These flowers are so _______.Those flowers are _______than these ones.　　　　　
A.beautiful; beautiful 　　　　
B.more beautiful; more beautiful　
C.beautiful; more beautiful
Ⅳ.按要求完成下列句子,每空填一词
1.Kitty has two more books to read.(改为同义句)
Kitty has another two books to read.
2.Mary catches up with other students with the teacher’s help.(改为同义句)
With the help of the teacher, Mary catches up with other students.
3.Jack is the tallest boy in his class.(改为同义句)
Jack is taller than the other boys in his class.
4.Don’t forget to stay calm when an earthquake happens.(同义句改写)
Remember to stay calm when an earthquake happens.
Ⅰ.选择填空
(B)1.—Did you_______the earthquake in Turkey
—Yes, it’s terrible.
A.hear　　　　　　　　　B.hear about　　　　　　　C.hear from
(B)2.—The old woman lost the hope of life because her two sons lost their lives in the earthquake.
—She should cheer up.A dead heart is much _______than sadness.
A.terrible B.more terrible C.the most terrible
(A)3.—Is everyone out of the fire
—No, _______two are still in the burning house.
A.another B.other C.the other
(B)4.—Jack _______his job last week.Do you know why
—Because he was always late for work.
A.found B.lost C.loved
(C)5.—What you said is very good.Do you have _______else to say
—_______ more.
A.something; Anything 　　　　　
B.anything; Something
C.anything; Nothing
(C)6.—Lots of people were _______　in the flood.
—I am sorry to hear that.
A.miss B.missed C.missing
(A)7.—I will thank Mr Wang.I couldn’t pass the last exam _______his help.
—You’re right.
A.without B.with C.under
(C)8.—The family is too poor _______the child to school.
—What a pity!
A.send B.sending C.to send
(B)9.Look! The people _______their homes after the earthquake.I think they_______to normal life very soon.
A.are rebuilding; are returned　 　
B.are rebuilding; will return　
C.will return; are rebuilding
(A)10.—_______ heads means “NO” in China but “YES” in India.
—Sounds interesting.
A.Shaking B.Moving C.Hitting
Ⅱ.补全对话
A:Hello! Kangkang!1.Where are you going
B:Hi, Xiao Lei! I’m going to the post office.
A: 2.What are you going to do
B:I’m going to send some clothes and books to the students in earthquake-stricken areas.
A:You’re really warm-hearted.3.Can they go to school now
B:No, they can’t.Their school buildings fell down and the government (政府) is rebuilding schools for them.
A:It’s good news.I hope they can go to school early.
B:4.I hope so. Oh, what about you What will you do for the students there to show your love
A:5.I will send some money to the students there.
B:Money That’s good.Shall we go to the post office together
A:Good idea.Let’s go!
Ⅲ.阅读短文,从下面方框中选择正确的单词,并用其适当形式完成下面的短文
indoors　protect　or　earthquake　stay　safe　sit　arm　be　building
Many earthquakes happen every year.Some of these 1.earthquakes are very strong.When they happen in a city, they can be very serious.Many people are hurt 2.or die in the earthquakes.Knowing some ways to 3.protect yourself will help to keep you 4.safe in the earthquake.If you are 5.indoors when the earthquake happens, the safest place is under a strong table or desk. 6.Sitting on the floor in a doorway or close to a wall is safer than standing in the middle of a room.Remember to protect your head and neck with your 7.arms. Stay away from windows, tall furniture and pictures or anything that may fall on you.Do not try to run out of the building.If you are out of doors,move to clear areas.Get away from 8.buildings and trees.Be very careful of fallen power lines.The danger is not over when the strong shaking stops.There will 9.be some shocks after most earthquakes.We call them aftershocks and they sometimes can be more dangerous than the first earthquake.When it is safe for you to move around,check the people near you.Some may need help.You may be afraid, but you should try to 10.stay calm.That is the most important thing to do in the earthquake.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
On Tuesday, a sudden heavy rain caused floods in Zhengzhou.More than 160 trains stopped services at Zhengzhoudong Railway Station.A large number of passengers couldn’t leave the subway.The floods have killed many people and many people are missing.
Floods usually come quickly.You can prepare something at home in case.Some food that can be stored for a long time, bottled water and medicine are necessary.Pack some warm clothes for each person.Put them in a backpack that you can easily find.
When floods come, don’t be nervous.You may have only a short time to run away.You must stay away from water as quickly as you can and stay on high ground to wait for others to save you.Whether you are on foot or have to leave your car, high ground is your best choice.Try not to call with your phone, but text for help to save electricity.If you are in danger, text people where you are and your personal information.
Remember to leave everything behind.Don’t stop to move valuables.You should always put your safety first.At last, crying for help makes it easier for people to find you.Wave an arm if you can.Don’t give up until someone comes for you.
(D)1.The floods in Zhengzhou _______.
A.killed many children　　　　　　　
B.would influence other cities
C.started on Sunday
D.were very serious
(B)2.What should we do when floods come
A.Swim in the water. B.Stay on high ground.
C.Drive our car to leave. D.Give many calls to friends.
(A)3.In the fourth paragraph, the writer advises us to _______.
A.try our best to live B.take good care of valuables
C.help to find other people D.stop crying loudly
(D)4.The passage is written to _______.
A.introduce what floods are
B.report big news
C.tell us to help people in danger
D.teach us how to stay safe in floods
B
Smoke fills the sky.The day is as dark as night.Heat makes it hard to breathe(呼吸).This is the world of a wildfire fighter(消防员)!
Wildfires are a part of nature.But, as one firefighter says, “Fire is not a problem.People living near fire—that’s the problem.”A wildfire can destroy(毁坏) everything in its way.But there are ways to fight it.
By air
Smoke jumpers(空降森林灭火员) are often the first firefighters to reach a fire.To get closer, they jump from a plane.They are especially important when the area is difficult to walk to.If smoke jumpers can’t stop a fire in 24 hours, other firefighters join them.This second group drops water on the fire from an airplane.
On the land
On the ground, firefighters work together to stop the fire.First, one group digs a fire line.This is a long deep ditch(沟).It is difficult for the fire to cross this line.
Then, while those firefighters dig, others start a backfire(回火).They burn the dry grass and leaves between the wildfire and the fire line.When the wildfire comes, there is nothing for it to use as fuel.
Other firefighters cut down dead trees.That way the fire can’t move to other trees.Firefighters risk their lives to keep people safe.Their job takes hard work, and it takes courage.
(C)5.The underlined phrase “use as fuel” means _______.
A.drop　　　　　　　 B.fire　　　　　　　　
C.burn　　　　　　 D.live
(A)6.When the firefighter says, “Fire is not a problem.People living near fire—that’s the problem”, what does he mean
A.Fire is natural, but it’s dangerous to people living near it.
B.Fires in forests are not a big problem, but fires in cities are.
C.Fighting fires should be the job of people living near fires.
D.Putting out fires in cities is always a problem for firefighters.
(A)7.According to the passage, which of the following statements is wrong
A.Smoke jumpers are often the last firefighters to reach a fire.
B.The firefighters dig a fire line to stop the fire crossing the line.
C.The firefighters start a backfire by burning the dry grass and leaves.
D.Some firefighters cut down dead trees so that the fire can’t move to other trees.
(C)8.The writer wants to _______.
A.explain why fire is not a problem
B.show us how fires destroy everything
C.tell us how firefighters fight wildfires
D.teach us how to be a good firefighter
Ⅴ.书面表达
如果家里突发火灾时,我们正好在室内,这时我们应该做什么和不应该做什么 请你根据下面的提示,以“How to Protect Ourselves in the Fire”为题,写一篇70词左右的英语短文。开头已经给出,不计入总词数。
How to Protect Ourselves in the Fire
If a fire happens suddenly when we are in the room, we should and shouldn’t do the following things.
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