资源简介 (共16张PPT)Unit 4The EarthSection 1 Experiencing and understanding language一、构词法英语构词方法主要有三种:即合成、派生和转化。1、转化①动词和名词之间的相互转化。有时意思变化不大,有时有一定的变化。1) 动词转化为名词。如:Shall we go out for a drive next Sunday 下个星期天咱们出去驱车旅行,好吗 (句中的drive由动词转化为名词,词意引申为“驱车旅行”)I often go there for a walk. 我经常去那里散步。(句中walk由动词转化为名词)2) 名词转化为动词。如:Have you booked your ticket 你的票订好了吗 (句中book由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“订购”)Hand me your knife, please. 把刀递给我,谢谢。(句中hand由名词转化为动词,词意引申为“递”)②少部分形容词转化为动词。如:The train slowed down to half its speed. 火车速度减慢了一半。(句中slow由形容词转化为动词,词意引申为“减速”)Don't dirty your clothes. 不要弄脏你的衣服(句中dirty由形容词转化为动词,词意引申为“弄脏”)③形容词和名词之间的相互转化。如:The poor were not allowed to go into this park those days.那时穷人不允许进入这个公园。(句中poor由形容词转化为名词,词意引申为“穷人”)They took the sick to hospital yesterday.他们昨天把病人带去了医院。(句中sick由形容词转化为名词,词意引申为“病人”)④有些词可以词形不变,只因重音变化而发生词类转化,有时词义也可能变化。如: record[re k d]---动词 record [r k d]---名词 2、派生派生词是在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成新词。如:happy—unhappy (加前缀un-)happy—happily (加后缀-ly)①通过加前缀构成另一个词。前缀一般不造成词类的转换,但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。常用的前缀有:前缀 意义 例词dis- 不,相反的 dislike, disappear, dishonestim- 不 impossible, impolitemis- 错误的 misuse,misunderstand, mistrustre- 重新,再次 rewrite,retellsuper- 超级,上层 supermarket,supermanun- 不 unfair,unusual, unable, unlike个别前缀也可以引起词类的变化,如:en-可以和名词或形容词构成动词:large(enlarge) able(enable) courage(encourage)a-可以和名词构成形容词:sleep(asleep)out-可以和一些动词构成名词:come(outcome) let(outlet) look(outlook)②通过加后缀构成另一个词。后缀不仅能改变词义,也能改变词类。1) 常用的构成名词的后缀:后缀 意义 例词-er 人,动作者 worker, singer, recorder, teacher-or 人,动作者 actor, visitor-ist 人,主义者 chemist, dentist-ess 女性 actress, waitress-hood 身份,状态 childhood-ment 行为,动作,结果 movement, development-ness 状态,性质 illness , happiness -ion 动作,状态 discussion, organization-th 状态 wealth, truth-ese 人 Japanese, Chinese-ian 人 musician, historian-ship 状态 friendship, membership2) 常用的构成动词的后缀:后缀 意义 例词-en 动词词尾 widen, strengthen, darken-fy 动词词尾 beautify3) 常用的构成副词的后缀:后缀 意义 例词-ly 副词词尾 slowly, happily, simply-ward(s) 副词词尾 eastward(s), backward(s)4) 常用的构成形容词的后缀:后缀 意义 例词-able ……的 agreeable, payable, readable-an ……的 European, America , Canadian-al ……的 political, musical-en 由……制成 woolen, golden-ful 充满的 careful, painful, hopeful-ish ……的 foolish, Swedish-less 没有的 careless, homeless, endless-ly 充满,性质 friendly, lovely, motherly-ous 有……的 famous, dangerous-y 充满,性质 rainy, dirty, sunny, cloudy, sleepy5) 数词后缀后缀 意义 例词-teen 十几 thirteen; fifteen; eighteen-ty 几十 forty; fifty; ninety -th 第…… fifth; sixth; eighth3、合成将两个或两个以上的单词合成在一起而构成的新词,叫做合成词。合成词在英语中比较活跃,广泛运用在涉及各个领域的语言文字中。常用的合成词的构成方法如下:①合成动词常见的构成方法:构成方法 例词副词 + 动词 overcome, understand形容词 + 动词 dry-clean, white-wash名词 + 动词 typewrite, sleepwalk② 合成形容词常见的构成方法:构成方法 例词形容词 + 名词 + -ed white-haired, warm-hearted, kind-hearted形容词 + 现在分词 good-looking, easy-going形容词 + 过去分词 ready-made, new-born副词 + 现在分词 hard-working, well-meaning副词 + 过去分词 well-known, newly-built名词 + 现在分词 English-speaking, south-facing 名词 + 过去分词 man-made, water-covered名词 + 形容词 snow-white, homesick副词/形容词 + 名词 right-hand, full-time数词 + 名词 100-meter, million-pound数词 + 名词 + 形容词 180-foot-high, 10-year-old 数词 + 名词 + -ed four-legged, one-eyed③ 合成名词常见的构成方法:构成方法 例词名词 + 名词 classroom, schoolgirl, weekend, bookshop形容词 + 名词 highway, blackboard, hotdog, greenhouse动词 + 副词 get-together, break-down名词 + 动名词 handwriting, storytelling副词 + 名词 outbreak, overcoat动名词 + 名词 dining room, sleeping car, reading-room④合成副词或代词。如:maybe, forever, myself, whole-heartedly, however, everyone,something⑤有时一个名词可以构成许多合成词。如:handbag, handball, handwriting, hand-madeThank you(共16张PPT)Unit 4The EarthSection 1 Experiencing and understanding languageWordscloudlandWordsthe Earththe SunWordsthe seathe solar systemThe Earththe sunthe sealandcloudsthe solar systemhundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万), billion(十亿)①与具体数字连用不加s,如:five hundred②与of连用加s,如:thousands ofpercent百分比①无复数形式,如:70 percent②与名词连用要加of,如:70 percent of students事实档案in fact事实上as a matter of fact事实上The Earththe sunthe sealandcloudsthe solar system被动的构成:be + 动词的过去分词 (+ by),表示动作的被执行者据我们所知amaze, amazing和amazed①amaze为动词②amazing为形容词,通常主语为物③amazed为形容词,通常主语为人such as, like和for example①such as和like后面节短语,如接动词,用动词ing②for example后面接句子some...some...others一些...一些...另一些北:north 南:south 西:west 东:east东南:southeast(先说南北再说东西)北边的:northern东南边的:southeastern长宽高深的表达①基数词+单位+长宽高深的形容词,如:9 meters deep②基数词+单位+ in + 长宽高深的名词,如:9 meters in depth长 宽 高 深形容词 long wide high deep名词 length width height depth在许多不同的方面在世界上表到达①arrive后接in或者at, in接大地点,at接小地点②get后接to③reach后直接接地点as...as中间接原级一粒米be home to是...的家园hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万), billion(十亿)①与具体数字连用不加s,如:five hundred②与of连用加s,如:thousands ofother其他的,后接名词;others其他人和,遵循就远原则单复同行:deer, sheep, fishfish表个数时,单复同行,表类别时可数从...到...使役动词:let, make, have①使役动词后接动词原形②make + 形容词,表让...变得怎么样名词+ly变形容词,形容词加ly变副词形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词和形容词并且provide sb. with sth.provide sth. for sb.照顾(look after)随堂练习:一、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.There are three __________ (hundred) students on the playground.2.There are __________ (hundred) of people in the restaurant.3.65 __________ (percent) of children __________(play) computer games.4.Twenty __________ (percent) of the water _______(be) covered with ice.5. The door ____________________ (open).hundredpercentiswas openedhundredsplaypercent二.翻译:1.他对这本有趣的书感兴趣。He is interested in the interesting book.2.我们学校有900名学生。There are nine hundred students in our school.3.百分之五十的水都被汤姆喝了。Fifty percent of the water was drunk by Tom.4.地球大概70%都被海洋覆盖。About 70 percent of the Earth is covered by the sea.Thank you(共16张PPT)Unit 4The EarthSection 2 Exploring and applying rulesThere be句型There be 句型结构表示“某地或某时间存在某物”。 there 是引导词, 本身无实际意义; be 是谓语动词, 真正的主语是 be 后面所接的名词。注意:There be句型遵循就近原则,即be动词与离它最近的主语保持一致1. 当主语是单数时,其谓语动词采用__________形式。2. 当主语是复数时,则谓语动词采用___________形式。3. 如果 There be句型后的主语是几个名词时,则根据第一个名词的数确定 be 的形式,即就近原则。如:There is an apple and two bananas.There are two bananas and an apple.单数复数4. there be 句型的肯定句、否定句和疑问式, 其句式变化见下表:(1) 肯定式: There + be+主语+其它.如:There are some books on the table.(2) 否定式: There + be+ not+主语+其它.如:There are any books on the table.注:在一般疑问句和否定句中,要用any 替换掉肯定句中的some。在肯定句中,要把any改成some。(3) 一般疑问句及其回答: Be+ there+主语+其它?Yes, there+ be. / No, there +be+ not.(3) 一般疑问句及其回答: Be+ there+主语+其它?如:Are there any books on the table Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.5. There be 句型 常常用how many 或how much 提问的特殊疑问句。如:How many students in your school 你学校有多少学生?There are two thousand students in our school.我学校有两千个学生。★★There be 结构与 have 的区别。(1)从结构上讲①have 前必须有主语,如:I have some interesting books.我有一些有趣的书。②there be结构的主语在谓语 be 的后面,如:There are some interesting books on the desk.书桌上有一些有趣的书。(2)从意义上讲,两者都可译为“有”,①have 表示“所有、占有”关系,即表示“某人有某物”。如:Peter has a basketball.皮特有一个篮球。② there be 结构表示“存在”关系,即表示“某地/某时存在某物”。如:There are two apples on the table.桌子上有两个苹果。(3)some 和 any在 there be 句型中的运用:①some 用于肯定句如:There is some bread.②any 用于否定句或疑问句如:There isn’t any bread.Is there any bread (4)and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用:①and 用于肯定句如:There is an apple and a banana on the table.桌子上有一个苹果和一个香蕉。②or 用于否定句或疑问句如:Is there an apple or a banana on the table.桌子上有苹果还是香蕉?综合练习:一、用is或are填空。1.There________many monkeys in the mountain.2.There_________a beautiful garden in our school.3.There _________some water in the glass.4.There __________some bread on the table.5. _________there any maps on the wall areisisisAre二、单项选择1.There ______ a book and three pencils on the desk.A. be B. is C. are D. am2.There ______ any books on your desk.A. aren’t B. isn’t C. don’t D. doesn’t3.______ _______ apples are there on the table There are four.A. How much B. How many C. How large D. How big4.______ ________ milk is there in the bottle There is little.A. How many B. How old C. How far D. How much5.______ less milk in this bottle than in that one.A. There have B. There has C. There is D. There are6.There isn’t ______ food in the fridge.A. some B. an C. a D. any三.句型转换1. There is some water in the bottle.否定句:一般疑问句:特殊疑问句:2. There are many apples in the box.否定句:一般疑问句:特殊疑问句:There isn’t any water in the bottle.Is there any water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle There are not many apples in the box.Are there many apples in the box.How many apples are there in the box.四、改写句子1. There are some cars and buses on the street. (改为一般疑问句)_______ there _______ cars or buses on the stress 2.Is there a pay phone across from the library (做否定回答)No, _______ ________ .3. There is a piece of paper on the table. (改为一般疑问句)______ there ______ piece of paper on the table Arethereisn’tIsaany四、改写句子4. There are two pay phones in the neighborhood. (改为否定句)There ________ two pay phones in the neighborhood 5. There are 15 children in our class. (对划线部分提问)_______ ______ children _______ _______ in your class aren’tHowmanyarethereThank you(共13张PPT)Unit 4The EarthSection 3 Expressing and communicating ideas/ɑ:/长元音,口腔打开,嘴张大,舌身放平,舌尖不抵下齿,下巴放低,轻松发音。car(小汽车),art(艺术),bath(洗澡)/ /短元音,嘴唇微微张开伸向两边,舌尖轻触下齿,唇后部稍稍抬起。color(颜色),lucky(幸运的),love(爱)/ :/长元音,双唇收得小而圆,并向前突出,舌身往后缩。sort(种类),talk(谈话)ball(球,舞会)/ /短元音,口腔打开,嘴张大,舌向后缩,双唇稍收圆。lock(锁),hot(热的)/ /短元音,嘴唇张开略向前突出,嘴形稍收圆并放松些。good(好的),could(能够),should(应该)/u:/长元音,嘴形小而圆,微微外凸,舌头尽量后缩。move(移动),spoon(汤勺),room(房间)/k/keysick/ki //s k//g/glueghost/ɡlu //ɡ st/常见发/ɑ:/的字母和字母组合①字母a: fast ask②字母ar,al: car half常见发/ /的字母和字母组合①字母o, u: son love cup fun②字母ou: young enough常见发/ :/的字母和字母组合字母or, al, ar, au, aw, oor, our 等:for ball warm autumn draw door pour常见发/ /的字母和字母组合①字母 o: box lot②字母 a: wash want常见发/u:/的字母和字母组合①字母o或u: lose ruler②字母oo, ue, ui, oe 等: food blue juice shoe常见发/ /的字母和字母组合①字母o或 u: woman put②字母ou,oo等: could bookWritingThe Earth is a beautiful planet. There are many high mountains, blue seas and beautiful rivers. The beautiful planet is our only home.WritingHowever, we are harming the Earth in some ways. For example, there is water pollution. Some sea animals are dying because of plastic pollution.WritingWe only have one Earth, so we have to protect it. Here are some things we can do to protect the Earth. On the one hand, factories stop pollutiong rivers and lakes. On the other hand, we can bring our own shopping bags to the supermarket.HomeworkStep 1:Write down the information that you want to show in your article.Step 2:Organize your information.Step 3:Write your article.Thank you 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 Unit 4 Section1 Reading课件2024-2025学年沪教牛津版七年级英语上册.pptx Unit 4 Section1 Vocabulary practice课件2024-2025学年沪教牛津版七年级英语上册.pptx _Unit 4 Section 2 Grammar 课件广东省深圳广州通用2024-2025学年沪教牛津版(2024)七年级英语上册.pptx _Unit 4 Section3 Speaking & Writing课件- 2024-2025学年沪教牛津版(2024)七年级英语上册_46935028.pptx