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被动语态用法 知识梳理与专项练习
一、被动语态的用法
1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词
例：Our classroom is cleaned every day.
我们教室每天都被打扫。
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去分词
例：A new shop was built last year.
去年修了一座新商店。
3.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
例：A new hospital will be built in our city.
我们城市将要修建一家新医院。
4.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词 例：My bike is being repaired by uncle Wang now.
王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。
5.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词例：例：This book has been translated into many languages.
这本书被翻译成多种文字。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries
在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。
6.过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being +及物动词的过去分词
例：The new road was being made.
这条新路正在修筑。
7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been +及物动词的过去分词
例：The classroom hadn`t been cleaned before the teacher came.在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。
8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/ will + have been done
例：They will have been married for 20 years by then.
届时，他们结婚将满20周年。
9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 + be +及物动词的过去分词
例：Young trees must be watered often.
小树需要经常浇水。
二、主动语态改成被动语态
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例：
Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布鲁斯每星期写一封信。
Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. → The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。
He has written two novels so far. →Two novels have been written by him so far.至今他已写了两部小说。
They will plant ten trees tomorrow. →Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.他们明天将要种植十棵树。
Lucy is writing a letter now. →A letter is being written by Lucy now.露西正在写信。
You must lock the door when you leave. →the door must be locked when you leave.当你离开的时候你必须把门锁上。
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
不及物动词无被动语态。
例：What will happen in 100 years？
一百年里会发生什么事？
有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
例：This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。
感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。
例：（1） A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
当一个女孩经过的时候，看到我的钱夹掉了。
（2）The boss made the little boy do heavy work. →The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
这个老板让这小男孩干重活。
如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）做主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
例：He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him.
他给了我一本书。
He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him.
他给我展示了一张票。
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
例：We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。
四、 新兴形式的被动语态
Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。
例：The man got hurt on his way home.
那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。
How did the glass get broken
杯子怎么破了？
五、易错点
1. 在时间、条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。
例：If l am given enough time, l will do it better
给我足够的时间，我会做得更好
2. 固定结构中的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去。
例：Such a bad habit should be got rid of
这样的坏习惯应该改掉。(of 不可以省去的)
3. 有些动词如write, read, sell，wash, open等当强调动作执行情况时,有被动语态;当用作不及物动词来说明主语本身所具有的特征时,无被动语态。
例：The computers were sold out, because they sell well
电脑被卖光了，因为它们卖得好。
4. “too...to...”结构和形容词 enough to do结构中,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。
例：The problem is too difficult to work out.
5. 常见的被动语态的句型搭配。
据说...... It is said that......
据报导...... It is reported that......
据推测...... It is supposed that......
希望...... It is hoped that......
众所周知...... It is well known that......
普遍认为...... It is generally considered that......
有人建议.......It is suggested that......
专项练习：
1. In some parts of the world, tea_________ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B.is served C. serves D. served
2. This is Ted's phone. We miss him a lot. He _________ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
3. -Have you moved into the new house
-Not yet, the rooms_________
A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting
4. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday_________ yet
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
5. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets_________.
A. was booked B. had been booked
C. were booked D. have been booked
6. It's reported that the Tokyo Olympic Games_________ from July 23 to August 8 this year.
A. would hold B. have held C. will be held D. were held
7. Yancheng-Xuzhou high-speed railway_________ in 2019. Now it brings much convenience to people.
A. finishes B. finished C. is finished D. was finished
8. When he went abroad for further study, his parents and children_________ by his wife.
A. are well taken care of B. took good care of
C. were taken good care D. were taken good care of
9.-A meeting_________ in our community to show people how to sort their garbage this weekend.
-That's great. Let's go to the meeting together.
A. will hold B. will be held C. Hold D. is held
10. - When shall we hand in our book review on The Kite Runner
-As soon as it_________.
A. completes B.is completed
C. will complete D. will be completed
11-Aunt Li, who is the lovely boy in red in the picture
-It's my son. The picture_________10 years ago.
A. took B. is taken C. has taken D. was taken
12. -Why have I never seen this kind of 5G mobile phone
-Because it_________ by Huawei last week.
A. was produced B. would produce
C. have produced D. was producing
13. Good news! The film Titanic has returned to big screen in 3D fifteen years after it_________
A. has shown B. was shown C. shows D. will be shown
14.Manytravelvouchers(旅游优惠券) _________to attract more and more tourists next five months.
A. will send B. will be sent C. are sent D. send
15. It is amazing to the whole world that Huoshenshan Hospital and Leishenshan Hospital _________in 10 days.
A. completed B. were completed
C. will complete D. will be completed
16.-Excuse me, sir, When can we drive on the highway
-Not until it_________ next week.
A.is built B. builds C. will build D. will be built
17. When the natural park _________, it will be a good place for people to play and relax.
A. has completed B. will complete
C.is completed D. will be completed
18.-The manager has come back from his business trip. He's asking you for the report.
-Oh, my god! l haven't finished it yet. But he_________ back at the company tomorrow.
A. will expect B. expected C. was expected D.is expected
19. - When can we play football in our football field
- Not until it
A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. repairs D. has repaired
20. Chinese_________ by more and more people in the world now.
A. speak B. spoke C.is spoken D. was spoken
21.On May 30th,,one bowl in the Ming dynasty(明朝) _________ at the price of 30.36million Hong Kong dollars.
A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold
22. The "Thousand-hand Guanyin"_________ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.
A. has been regarded B. are regarded
C. has regarded D. regards
23.-Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful.
_Yes, they_________ in Hangzhou.
A. painted B. were painting C. were painted D. had painted
24.-Don't litter the ground，boy , Look at the sign:: “Rubbish into _________ the dustbin.
-Sorry.
A. has throw B. was throw C. must throw D. must be thrown
25．Some free health service_________ for the elderly in the near future.
A. provides B. is provided C. will provide D. will be provided
26.-Great news! Zhurong has landed on Mars successfully.
-It_________ into space by Long March 5 rocket on July 23, 2020.
A.is sent B. was sent C. sent D. was sending
27.-Mum, may I watch 'TV for a while
-As soon as your homework_________ you can.
A. finishes B. will finish C.is finished D. will be finished
28. When waste from daily life_________, people won't mix some resources with wet waste
A. separated B. is separated
C. separates D. will be separated
29. We're sure that the environment in our city_________ greatly through our work in the near.
A. improved B. was improved
C. has improved D. will be improved
30.-Excuse me, where is the nearest post office
_it's _________ to the bank. But it_________ for a few days.
A. close; has closed B. close; has been closed
C. closed; has been closed D. closed; has been close
答案：
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