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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 The Earth
单元小结
学习目标：本单元学习和探究地球方面的知识，要求掌握相关方面（美丽的家园，面临问题，解决方案）的单词和短语。能够阅读相同难度的文章，能够写出保护我们地球的小短文。
语法目标：学习There be 结构及用法。
听说目标：能听懂关于目前海洋状况对话，能够谈论地球面临的问题和解决方法。
写作目标：学会写出保护地球的小短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点短语 练习
要点2 重点句式 练习
【精讲精练】
要点1 cover/be covered with/by的用法 练习
要点2 As far as I know的用法 练习
要点3 Freeze ，freezing 和frozen的用法 练习
要点4 over的用法 练习
要点5 be home to的用法 练习
要点6 provide.的用法 练习
要点7 protect的用法 练习
要点8 pollution的用法 练习
要点9 landt的用法 练习
要点10 in the north (south / east / west) of 的用法 练习
要点11 arrive/reach的用法 练习
要点12 disappear的用法 练习
要点13 as…as…的用法 练习
要点14 hundreds of 的用法 练习
要点15 solution的用法 练习
要点16 harm的用法 练习
要点17 height/ in height的用法 练习
要点18 turn…into 及turn 构成的短语的用法 练习
要点19 stop doing /stop to do的用法 练习
要点20 own的用法 练习
要点21辨析：a few & few & a little & little的用法 练习
要点22 explore的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 There be结构和用法 21
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 22
要点2 词汇短语积累 23
要点3句式积累 23
要点4实战演练 24
【重点短语】
1.The solar system太阳系
2.As far as we know据我们所知
3.More than超过
4.Be home to是...的家园
5.A grain of rice一粒米饭
6.Along with和
7.What’s more并且
8.Provide sb. With sth.提供某人某物 Provide sth. For sth.提供某人某物
9.Cut down砍倒
10.Because of因为
11.Global warming全球变暖
12.Sea level海平面
13.Die out灭绝
14.Try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力去做某事
15.End up最终处于
16.More and more越来越多 Fewer and fewer越来越少
17.Turn... into...把...变成
18.In the north of在...的北部
19.In the 1800s在19世纪
20.A group of一群
21.In the middle of在...的中间
【重点句式】
1.Some places are very hot,like the areas near the equator.有些地方非常热，比如赤道附近地区
2.There are many things we can do.我们可以做很多事情。
3. The highest mountain on Earth is over 8,800 metres above sea level. 地球上最高的山海拔超过8800米。
4.The plants on Earth are wonderful in many different ways. 地球上的植物在许多不同方面都很奇妙。
5.The tallest trees in the world can reach over 100 metres in height.
世界上最高的树可以达到100米以上的高度。
6.The smallest plant is as small as a grain of rice.最小的植物就像一粒米一样小。
7.The Earth is home to millions of animals.地球是无数动物的家园。
8.And what's more,the Earth provides us with all the things we need,such as food water,air and energy. 更重要的是，地球为我们提供了我们需要的一切，比如食物、水、空气和能源。
9.Let's explore,learn about and take care of our home.让我们一起探索、了解和照顾我们的家园。
10.What problems is the Earth facing 地球正面临着什么问题？
11.What can we do to protect the Earth 我们可以做些什么来保护地球？
12.What do you know about the sea 你对海洋了解多少？
13.It is our home and the only planet we know that supports life.
它是我们的 家园， 也是我们所知道的唯-------一个支持生命存在的星球。
【精讲精练】
要点 1. cover
作为动词 ，
cover的基本含义是“覆盖”，指用某物遮盖在另一物体上面。例如：
1.Please cover the table with a cloth. 请用布盖住桌子。
2.The highway was covered with snow. 公路被雪覆盖着。
cover还可以表示“包含”或“涉及”。例如：
1.These regulations cover such cases. 这些规定适用于这类情况。
2.His reading covers a wide range of subjects. 他阅读的书籍涉及多种学科。
cover还有“采访、报道”的意思。例如：
Jack covered the Gulf War for CNN then. 杰克当时替美国有线新闻电视网报导海湾战争。
2.作为名词 ，cover可以指“封面”或“报道”。例如：
The magazine had an interesting cover story.
这本杂志有一篇有趣的封面报道。
be covered with 是被动语态形式，表示“被...覆盖”而强调覆盖的状态，例如：
The road is covered with snow. 这条路被雪覆盖了。(强调的状态)
The mountain tops are covered with snow. 白雪覆盖着山顶。(强调的状态)
be covered by 侧重于被动的动作，表示某物被另一物覆盖，强调覆盖的动作或过程。例如，
These expenses are covered by the state.
这些费用由国家承担。这句话强调的是国家承担费用的动作。
【典例分析】
1. What a dirty room it is! The desks and chairs are all covered ________ dust (灰尘). We should clean it at once!
A. for B. by C. with D. of
【答案】C
【解析】 句意：多脏的房间啊！桌椅上都是灰尘。我们应该马上打扫！
考查介词辨析。for为了；by被；with用；of……的，be covered by“被……所覆盖”是被动语态，而be covered with是系表结构，注重于事物的状态，可翻译为“到处都是”，由语境可知，应该是桌子椅子上到处都是灰尘，故选C。
2. — How do you like the newspaper 21st Century
— Wonderful. It _________ many news stories all over the world.
A. covers B. talks C. writes D. says
【答案】A
【解析】 句意：——你觉得《21世纪英文报》怎么样？——精彩。它报道了世界各地的许多新闻故事。
考查动词辨析。covers报道，涵盖；talks讲话；writes写；says说。根据“many news stories”可知，此处表示“报道 ”了许多故事，故选A。
3.妈妈用一块布将桌子覆盖起来。(完成句子)
Mother_________the table_______a piece of cloth.
【答案】covered with
4.冬天到了。大地覆盖着厚厚的白雪。(完成句子)
Winter comes, the land _______ _____ _______thick white snow.
【答案】is covered with
5. 一位记者正在采访全红禅
A journalist________ ________ Quan Hongchan
【答案】is covering
要点 2. As far as I know
As far as I know 表示“据我所知 ”，表达说话人对某个情况或信息的了解程度。
类似结构As far as I‘m concerned “在我看来;对我来说”
例句 ：
As far as I know, he'll be away for three months. 据我所知，他将外出三个月。
As far as I'm concerned, this is the best option. 在我看来，这是最好的选择。
As far as the damage is concerned, it's not that bad. 就损坏的程度而言，还好。
As far as I know, they have gone abroad for further education. 据我所知，他们已出国深造去了。
【典例分析】
1. 据我们所知，除了地球，其他行星上没有生命。
， there are no lives on other planets except the earth.
【答案】As far as I know
要点 3. Freeze ，freezing 和frozen
1，Freeze 动词“使某物结冰”
2，Freezing是动词“freeze”的现在分词形式，也可以用作形容词。它主要描述的是正在进行中的冰冻过程或极冷的温度。例如，“freezing weather”指的是非常寒冷的天气。
It was freezing cold outside last night, and I had to wear my thickest coat.
昨晚外面冷得要命，我不得不穿上我最厚的外套。
3，Frozen 是动词“freeze”的过去分词形式，通常用作形容词，表示某物已被冻住或结冰的状态。例如，“frozen food”指的是已经被冷冻的食物。
【典例分析】
1. The weather in winter was _______ and everything seemed to be _______.
A. freezing；freezing B. frozen；frozen C. freezing；frozen D. frozen；freezing
【答案】C
【解析】 句意：冬天天气极冷，一切似乎都冻结了。
考查形容词辨析。freezing极冷的；frozen结冰的，冻结的。根据“The weather was”可知，前半句指天气很冷，故第一空填freezing。根据“everything seemed to be”可知，后半句表示一切都冻结了，故第二空用frozen。故选C。
2. It is interesting to go skating on ________ lake in ________ weather.
A. frozen, freezing B. frozen, frozen C. freezing, frozen D. freezing, freezing
【答案】A
【解析】 句意：在寒冷的天气里在结冰的湖面上滑冰很有趣。
考查形容词辨析。frozen既是freeze的过去分词，也可用作形容词，表示“结冰的，冷冻的”；freezing用作形容词，表示“极冷的”。结合句意，描述湖应该用“结冰的”，故第一空为frozen；描述天气应该用“极冷的”，故第二空为freezing。故选A。
要点 4. over
over prep. 多于
Now I have over 100 different postcards. 现在我有100多张不同的明信片。
over在这里做介词，意思相当于more than。
【拓展】
over可以表示
1,“在……上方”、“在……上面”，例如
The sun shines over the earth.太阳照耀着地球。
2,它也可以表示“超过”、“在……上”，例如
He has lived in Beijing over two years.他在北京住了两年多。
3. over还可以表示“通过”、“越过”、“溢出”，例如
I heard the news over the radio.”我从收音机里听到了这个消息。
【典例分析】
1. He has over one thousand books.
A. about B. fewer C. more than D. a bit of
【答案】C
【解析】 句意：他有一千多本书。
考查同义词。about关于；fewer更少的；more than多于；a bit of一点。句中over表示“多于”，与more than同义。故选C。
2. It's 5 p.m. The last class is ___________.
A. end B. finish C. over
【答案】C
【解析】结束。
3. Qinhuai River, a beautiful river, runs________Nanjing. And there are many bridges________the river.
A. across; through B. through;over C. through;through D. across;over
【答案】B
【解析】 句意：秦淮河，这条美丽的河流穿过南京。河上有许多桥。
考查方位介词。across穿过（平面）；through穿过（立体空间）；over垂直上方。第一空表“河流穿过城市”，城市是立体空间，应该用through；第二空表示“桥在河流上方”，应该用over，故选B。
要点 5. be home to
be home to 这个短语在英语中表示“对某物而言是故乡、家园、栖息地或产地”。它是一个形容词短语，home前面不需要冠词。例如，Vienna is home to Mozart 表示维也纳是莫扎特的故乡.
New York is home to the global finance industry.
纽约是世界金融业的中心。
The Earth is home to both animals and humans
地球是动物和人类的家园
【典例分析】
1.地球是动物和人类的家园
The Earth _____________both animals and humans
【答案】is home to
要点 6. provide
provide v. 提供
(1) provide sth for sb意为“为某人准备某物”
The supermarket provides all kinds of fruits for us.
超市为我们提供了各种各样的水果。
(2) provide sb with sth 意思和(1)相同,宾语换了一下
The supermarket provides us with all kinds of fruits.
超市为我们提供了各种各样的水果。
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1. 他为他的家人提供食物和衣服。
He provided food and clothes for his family.
＝ He _________his family ________food and clothes.
【答案】provided with
2．They didn’t provide me food, so I had to find something to eat.
A．for B．to C．about D．with
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们没有给我提供食物，于是我不得不找东西吃。provide sb．with sth．相当于provide sth．for sb．为某人提供某物。故选D。
3. The newly-opened company ________ the local people with more chances to work.
A. gives B. provides C. offers D. shows
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为“这家新开业的公司给当地人提供了更多的就业机会”。provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物。
4. —In the past five years, China has played an important role in the Belt and Road.
—It has _____ many nations a great chance to communicate.
A. offered B. supported C. included D. provided
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为“—在过去的五年中, 中国在一带一路中发挥了重要作用。—它为很多国家提供了一个交流的好机会”。offer提供; support支持; include包括; provide提供。offer sb. sth. offer sth. to Sb. 提供某人某物。 Provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb. 故答案选A
5. When I’m in trouble, my sister always _________________.
A. offers helping me B. offers to help me C. asks me to help D. asks me at help
【答案】B
【解析】句意：每当我遇到麻烦，我的姐姐总是会主动帮助我。考查动词短语辨析：offer to do sth主动提出做某事；ask sb to do sth要求某人去做某事；根据句意为主动做某事。故选B。
要点7：protect
protect 保护
(1) protect against
意为“使免受”(大事件）;防范
Exercise will protect against heart attacks.
运动可以防范心脏病。
(2) protect from
意为“使免受”（小事件）
He is always protecting himself from danger. 他总是保护着自己免受侵害
(3)　protection n.
意为“保护，防卫” Parents always provide protection for their children.
父母总是为他们的孩子提供保护。
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1. 我们愿意保护濒临灭绝的野生动物。
We’re willing to __________ ______________ wild animals.
【答案】protect from/against
2. 你最好戴上太阳镜，来保护你的眼睛免受阳光的伤害。
You’d better wear sunglasses to __________ your eyes ______________ sunshine.
【答案】protect from/against
3. Alice wants to buy a pair of sunglasses to protect herself________ the sun.
A. for B. under C. with D. against
【答案】D
【解析】句意：Alice想买一副眼镜，来保护他自己阻挡太阳。Protect...against表示保护……免受……。根据题意，故选D。
要点8 pollution
pollute v. 污染
Wasted water will pollute the environment. 废水会污染环境。
(2) pollution n. 意为“污染”
The air pollution is becoming worse and worse.
空气污染变得越来越糟糕。
(3) polluted adj. 意为“被污染的”
Polluted water is a great danger to people's health.
受污染的水对人们的健康有很大危害。
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1. There is less ____________(pollute) in Suzhou than in other cities in China.
【答案】pollution
2. The local people had to move away because the environment is seriously ____________(pollute).
【答案】polluted
3.This river is dirty because it is ________ by the water from that chemistry factory.
A. reduced B. polluted C. included D. created
【答案】B。
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。reduce意为“减少”，pollute意为“污染”，include意为“包含”，create意为“创造”。结合语境可知应选B。
4. Sleeping with lights on is a　　 . You’d better make sure all the lights are off before you go to bed.
A. pollution　 　 B. action　 　 C. waste　　 D. collection
【答案】选C。
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意: 开着灯睡觉是一种浪费。你最好确保睡觉前把所有的灯关掉。pollution“污染”; action“行动”; waste“浪费”; collection“收集”。
5. There are many kinds of ____________ (pollute) around us.
6.The river is badly ____________ (pollute).
【答案】第一题 pollution 污染 不可数名词。第二题用动词。polluted 被动语态。
要点9 land
(1) land作动词，意为“降落(或跳落、跌落)到地面(或水面上)。”
(2) land还可作名词，意为“陆地;大地”。 by land意为“经陆路”
【典例分析】
1.请判断land的词性
We live on the land.
【答案】land 陆地。名词。
The plane landed in Shanghai.
【答案】land 着陆，动词。
2.我从楼梯上摔了下去，重重地摔在下面。
I fell and __________heavily at the bottom of the stairs.
【答案】landed
3.一只鸟落在了他的头上。
A bird _________on his head.
【答案】landed
要点10 in the north (south / east / west) of ... 在……的北部(南部 / 东部 / 西部)。
辨析：
in the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指在某一范围内的地区；
to the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指互不接壤的两个地区；
on the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指接壤的两个地区。如：
in 表示在地点内部
on 表示两地接壤
to 表示两地相隔
【典例分析】
用适当介词填空
1. Hong Kong is________ the south of China.
2. Japan is _________the east of China.
3. Canada is________ the north of the US.
【答案】： 1，in 香港属于中国管辖的一部分。故用“in”。
2. to 日本不属于中国且隔海不接壤。故用“to”
3.on 加拿大与美国接壤的两个国家。故用“on”
4. Shanghai is a big city ______________ the east coast of China.
A. by B. on C. in D. at
【答案】：C
【解析】句意：上海是坐落在中国东海岸的一座大城市。考查介词表示地点方位辨析。根据上海是属于中国范围之内，存在包含关系，因此表示地点方位时用介词in。故选C。
5. Taiwan is ______________ south of China and _____________ southeast of Fujian.
A. in ; in B. on ; in C. to ; on D. in ; to
【答案】：D
【解析】句意：台湾坐落在中国的南方而且位于福建的东南。考查介词表示地点方位的辨析。根据台湾属于中国范围之内，存在包含关系，因此用in；而台湾与福建不存在包含关系，因此用to。故选D。
要点11 arrive/reach v.到达；抵达
They arrived at the school before the bell rang.在铃响之前他们到达了学校。
辨析reach, arrive和get
(1)arrive不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词in(大地点)或at(小地点)。
I arrived in Beijing last night.我昨天晚上到达了北京。
(2)reach及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语。
Finally we reached the top of the mountain.最终我们到达了山顶。
get作“到达”讲，后接宾语时要加介词to。
When did you get to the park 你什么时候到公园的？
注意：当arrive, get后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，则不用介词，即arrive/get＋地点副词。
词语 大地点 小地点 其他副词
arrive +in +at arrive here, arrive there, arrive home
reach reach +地点 reach here, reach there, reach home
get get to+地点 get here, get there, get home
【典例分析】
1.My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday.
A. arrived B. got C. reached D. appeared
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我叔叔昨天晚上9点到达机场。A. arrived是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词at或in；B. got是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词to；C. reached是及物动词，后直接接宾语；D. appeared出现。句子My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday.中的the airport前，没有任何介词，因此用动词reach。语境是：我叔叔昨天晚上9点到达机场。故选C。
2. Jim has _________ China for two years.
A. been to B. come to C. arrived in D. been in
【答案】D
【解析】arrive in 到达。非延续性动词。不能于一段时间连用。
3.Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning.
A. reach to B. get to C. arrive at D. go
【答案】B
【解析】句意：苏珊下周一上午将到达北京。A. reach是及物动词，后直接接宾语,不需要要to；B. get是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词to；C. arrive是不及物动词，后接宾语时要用介词at或in；达到Beijing 用in D. go后面跟宾语要用to。句子Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning. 中的Beijing前，没有任何介词，因此用动词reach。语境是：苏珊下周一上午将到达北京。故选A。
要点 12：disappear
disappear v. to become invisible or unnoticeable 消失；消散
The rocket disappeared into the sky. 火箭消失在空中。
【同根词】
appear v. 出现
She appears on TV at seven every evening.
她每晚7点在电视上露面。
【拓展】
appear, seem与look(似乎;好像)
三者均为连系动词,意为 “似乎;好像;显得。其后均可接形容词名词不定作表语。
如: He looks/seems/appears honest.他似乎很诚实。
He looks/seems/appears to be honest.他似乎很诚实。
look, seem之后可以接介词like,但 appear之后不能。
如: He looks/seems like fool.他看起来像个大傻瓜
【典例分析】
1.The girl ______________ (disappear) at last. Everyone was glad to see her.
2. The rocket disappeared into the sky. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. couldn't be seen B. could be seen C. could be heard
【解析】1.appeared “出现”动词。 2.A disappeared 消失，不见。
3.一条蛇突然出现在农民面前，咬了他。
A snake suddenly _________in front of the farmer and bit him.
【答案】appeared
4.那些云似乎不久会消失的。
The clouds will ___________ ___________ __________.
【答案】appear to disappear
5.她看起来很年轻。
She appears ____________. = She appears__________ _________ ____________.
【答案】young to be young
要点13 as…as…
as…as… 意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。常用基本结构为：
as + adj. / adv. + as, 其否定结构为：
not as / so + adj. / adv. + as
【典例分析】
1.Wang Wei speaks English as _____ as Yang Lan．They both study English hard．
good B. well C. better D. best
【解析】句意：王伟的英语讲的和杨澜的一样好。他们学习英语都努力。A为形容词 原级；B为副词的原级；C为比较级；D为最高级。本题考查同级的比较。as…as中间用形容词或副词的原级，排除C/D；此处是副词修饰动词speak。故选B。
2.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
This film is ______ _______ ______ that one.
3.这本字典没有那本字典厚
This dictionary isn’t _____ ______ _______ that one.
【解析】 句式 甲与乙程度相同用 as as这个句式。答案：as interesting as
甲不及乙 用否定形式。not as …as 或not so….as 故答案为： so/as thick as
4.用单词的正确形式填空
(1)Grace was as_______________( care) as Tom. They made few mistakes in the exam.
(2)Grace wrote as _______________( care) as Tom . They made few mistakes in the exam.
(3)Grace wrote as _______________( care) as Tom . They made a few mistakes in the exam.
(4)English is not so interesting as maths. = English is ___________ interesting __________ maths.
【答案】（1）carful (2)carefully (3)careless (4) as….as
要点14 hundreds of
hundreds of 数百的，数以百计的
Those mountains are hundreds of metres high.那些山有数百米高。
【重点】hundreds of 后接复数名词形式。
They plant hundreds of trees every year. 他们每年种几百棵树。
【难点】当hundred前有具体的数词修饰，即表示确切的数目时，hundred只能用单数形式，且不与of连用。另外，hundred前也可用some, several, many等表示不确定的数目的词修饰。
Two hundred students attended the contest. 两百名学生参加了此次比赛。
【拓展】与hundred用法类似的还有thousand, million等。
thousands of数千的　three thousand 三千
【典例分析】
1.—________ is the population of China, Jack —Let me think for a moment, it is about ________.
A. How many；1，400 million B. What；1，400 million
C .What；140 million D. How many；140 million
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意：——中国的人口是多少，杰克 ——让我想想，大约是14亿. 提问人口用what；结合语境，1，400 million符合实际情况。故选B。
2. It is reported that there are over ______ koalas dying in the disastrous wild fire broke out recently in Australia.
A. thousands of B. 8 thousands C. 8 thousands of D. 8 thousand
【答案】D
【解析】millions of 数以百万计的。概数。 不能与具体数字连用。2.D thousands of 数以千计的。Thousand可以与具体数字连用。Thousand后面不加“s”。
要点 15：solution
solution：n. 解决办法；处理手段
I do not have a simple solution to the problem. 我没有解决这个问题的简单方法。
Has anyone found a solution to question 7 谁找到了问题7的解决方法？
注意：与answer、key、clue（线索）类似的是，solution常跟介词to连用，表“……的”。
【典例分析】
1．There is no easy _______ to this problem. So we have to work harder.
A．orders B．solution C．doubt D．manners
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这个问题不容易解决。所以我们必须更加努力。
A. orders顺序；B. solution解决办法；C. doubt疑惑；D. manners礼貌。根据So we have to work harder. 所以我们必须更加努力。可以推测出，这个问题不容易解决。因此应该选择solution解决办法；solution后跟介词to连用，符合语境。故选B。
2.The __________ (solve) to this problem is acceptable.
【答案】solution
3. 也许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的办法。（完成句子）
It may take a long time to find ________ ________ __________ the problem.
【答案】a solution to
要点16 harm
harm adj. 危害；伤害；损害
harmful adj.有害的
用法 例句
(1) do harm to 意为“对……有害” Smoking does harm to your health
(2) be harmful to. 意为“对….有害” Smoking is harmful to your health. Quit smoking early is good for your health.
【拓展】
be good for 对……有益
be harmful to 对……有害
do harm to 对……有害
【典例分析】
1. Smoking is ________ to you.
A. harm B. harmful C. harms D. harmless
【答案】B
【解析】句意：吸烟对你有害。A. harm伤害；B. harmful有害的；C. harms危害；D. harmless无害的。结合语境“吸烟对你_______。” 可知，吸烟对身体有害，be harmful to对……有害。故选B。
2. It is _____ to your health to drink too much.
A. hopeless　　 B. hopeful　　 C. harmless　　 D. harmful
【答案】D 考查形容词辨析。句意:过量喝酒对你的身体健康有害。hopeless无望的;hopeful抱有希望的;harmless无害的;harmful有害的。根据生活常识可知，喝酒过量对身体健康有害。故选D。
3.被污染的水对鱼类有害。
Polluted water is fish.
【答案】harmful to
4.长时间看电视对你眼睛有害.
Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes.
= Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes.
=Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes.
【答案】1does harm to is bad for is harmful to
5.Reading in the sun is ________ your eyes.
A. harmful to B. harm for C. harmful for D. harm to
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在太阳下阅读对你的眼睛有害。
考查形容词短语。be harmful to对……有害；harm for形式错误，harm可以作动词或名词，常与介词to搭配，同样C也不对；harm to对……有害。空前有is，是be动词，该空应用形容词短语。故选A。
要点 17. height
height n. 高度 表示某物的高度，其形容词形式是high
【考点】辨析：high, highly与height
high 形容词或副词 作形容词讲时，意为“高的”，修饰名词；作副词讲时，意为“在高处”，修饰动词
highly 副词 意为“高级地”，修饰动词或形容词。
height 名词 意为“高度”，常与介词in连用。
The mountain is very high.那座山很高。
Don't climb too high. 别爬得太高。
Mary is a highly educated woman.
玛丽是一位受过高等教育的女士。
【重点】height常用的结构
(1)at a height of在……的高度；在……的鼎盛时期
(2) in height 在高度上
(3) What‘s the height of...？＝What's...height？……的高度是多少？
拓展： length n 长度 width n 宽度 depth n 深度
【典例分析】
1.这座山有多高？
_________ ___________ _____________of the mountain
_________ ___________ ___________ the mountain
【答案】What’s the height How is high
2.它有两米高。
It is 2 metres __________.
It is 2 metres __________ __________.
【答案】high in height
3. —What's the ________ of the mountain
—It's about nine hundred metres.
A. temperature B. height C. direction D. price
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——这座山的高度是多少？——大约900米。A. temperature温度，气温；B. height高度；C. direction方向；D. price价格。根据下文It's about nine hundred metres.回答可知上文是提问山的高度。根据题意，故选B。
要点 18：turn…into 及turn 构成的短语
1.turn on=switch on，意为“拧开（电器）；打开（水源、煤气、电源等）”。
2.turn off=switch off，意为“关掉（电器）；关上（水源、煤气、电源等）”。
3.turn up 意为“调高（音量或热度）”
4.turn down 意为“调低（音量或热度）”。
5.turn… into… 使……变成……
【典例分析】
1.新闻时间到了，请打开电视机。
It’s time for the news. Please ______ _________ the TV.
2.你能把电视声音调低一点吗？
Can you _______ _______ the TV a bit
3.当你离开房间时要关灯。
_______ _______ the lights when you leave the room.
4.第二天，小溪里的水变成了褐色的水。
The water in the brook _______ ________ brown water the next day.
【答案】1.turn on 2.turn down 3.turn off 4.turns into
要点19 stop doing /stop to do
stop的用法
（1）stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，doing是stop的宾语，是要停止的动作。
（2）stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”, to do是stop的状语，表示目的，是要开始做的事情。
（3）stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事
【典例分析】
1. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
【答案】D
【解析】你看起来很累，所以你必须停止工作。故答案选D。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
2. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
【答案】B
【解析】最后，我们感到累，我们停下来休息。故答案选B。stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”
3. When the child saw his new toy, he stopped ______.
A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. to crying
【答案】C
【解析】当孩子看到他的新玩具，他停止哭。所以选 C
4 When my friend saw me this morning, he stopped ______ to me.
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. to talking
【答案】B
【解析】早晨当我朋友看见我的时候，他停下来和我说活。Stop to do 停下来做另一件事。答案选B
5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。
Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson.
【答案】stop speaking。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”
6.大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
【答案】stopped from playing。stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事。
7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。
We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees.
【答案】stop from cutting。表示阻止。。。做某事。
要点20 own
own作形容词，意为“自己的,特有的”，常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词one’s (my / our / your / his / her / its / their)一起使用,以加强语气。
(1) 如果被修饰的名词前没有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own直接前置修饰该名词。例如:
This is not my uncle’s own house. 这不是我叔叔自己的房子。
She makes all her own clothes. 她所有的衣服都是她自己做的。
(2) 如果被修饰名词前面已经有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own就要与of构成短语一起放在该名词后面作后置定语。例如:
She has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。
Ancient Chinese created this medical science of China’s own.
古代中国人创造了这样一种中国所特有的医学。
I have some reasons of my own for wishing to do so. 我有些想这么干的理由。
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
【答案】of his own 意为“（某人）自己的” on his own意为“独自” owner “所有权人；主人”
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business　　 B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
【答案】你晚上一个人到森林里去散步是很危险的。on one's own意为“独自”，符合题意。
3.It’s against the law for him to rush into ________ house without permission.
A.my own private B .him own private
C. his own D. own his private
【答案】A
【解析】句意为“他未经允许闯入我的私人房屋是违法的”。Own 私人的。故选A
4. I __________my_______ house because I grow up. (own)
【答案】 own 动词拥有。第二空用own 自己的形容词。On one’s own独自的。
5.I want to see the _________ (own) of the company.
【答案】owner所有者，主人。
要点21 辨析：a few & few & a little & little（高频考题）
a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 There are a few apples in the box.盒子里有几个苹果。 There are few apples in the box. 盒子里没几个苹果。
few “几个；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。
a little “一点；一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 There is little water in the glass.杯子里几乎没有水。
little “一点；很少”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。
【典例分析】
一、选用few a few little a little 填空
1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.
【答案】little。句意：请快点。剩下的时间不多了。Time 不可数名词。little 表示：几乎没有。little符合题意。
2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.
【答案】a little 句意：请不要担心。还有一点时间。a little表示：有一点。
3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.
【答案】few 句意：这个箱子很重。很少有人能举起它。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.
【答案】little a little 句意：我的钢笔里没有墨水，请给我一点。
5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.
【答案】few 句意：西蒙在班上很少交朋友，因为他非常自私和不诚实。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.
【答案】little 句意：碗橱里几乎没有食物。我得去拿点。Little 几乎没有。符合题意。
7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.
【答案】few 句意：这个问题很难，几乎没有学生能回答。few 几乎没有，修饰可数名词。
8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.
【答案】a few 句意：这个问题很难，但有几个学生能回答。A few 有几个。
9.You should walk __________faster.
【答案】a little. a little也可以用作副词，修饰形容词、副词、动词以及介词短语.其它几个词都没有这种用法。
10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read.
【答案】few 。有很多新书，但是没几本容易读懂。
二、单项选择
11. Mike did very well in this math exam and he made ______ mistakes in it.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
【答案】B
【解析】句意：马克在数学考试中做得很好，他很少犯错误。
A. little很少；修饰不可数名词；表示否定意义；B. few很少；修饰可数名词的复数，表示否定意义；C. a little一些，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义；D. a few一些，修饰可数名词 的复数，表示肯定意义。这里mistakes是可数名词的复数，这里表示否定意义，根据题意，故选B。
12. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.
—Don’t worry. There is still ______ time left
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——快点！这部电影快开始了。——不要担心。仍然有一点儿时间剩下。
little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词；a few一些，修饰可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。根据Don't worry.可知不要担心，还有一些时间，修饰不可数名词time，故用a little。故选B。
13.—Is your friend Michael still in Australia
—I don't know. I have ________ information about him because we haven't seen each other for _______ years.
A．a little；a few　　 B．little；a few C．a few；a little D．few；a little
【答案】B
【解析】此题用题眼法和正确把握语境法解答。题眼information是不可数名词，years是可数名词，排除C和D两项；又根据句意“你的朋友Michael还在澳大利亚吗？”“我不知道，对于他我了解的信息很少，因为我们几年没见面了。”可知第一个空表示否定概念，应用little修饰；第二个空表示肯定的概念应用a few修饰。故选B。
14.The man has _______ friends in this city，so he often stays at home.
A. a few B. few C. little D. a little
【答案】B
【解析】此题用题眼法和正确把握语境法解答。根据题眼可数名词friends可排除C和D两项；又根据后半句句意“因此他经常呆在家里”可推断出：这个男人在这个城市中几乎没有朋友。故选B。
要点22 explore
Explore 作为动词，主要表示“探索”、“研究”或“考察”某物，尤其是未知的、新的或复杂的领域。
1. 搭配用法
explore sth. ：直接接名词，表示探索某物。
explore (sth.) for sth. ：表示为了寻找某物而探索某物。
2. 例句
We explored the jungle for days, but found no sign of the lost city.
我们在丛林中探索了数天，但没有找到失落城市的任何迹象。
【典例分析】
1. The country is going to set up a manned space station to _______more space.
A. explore B. reach C. provide D. protect
【答案】A
【解析】 句意：这个国家将会建立更多的人造太空站去探索更多的太空。
考查动词辨析。explore 探究 reach达到 provide提供 protect保护。可知是建造一个太空站，是为了探究太空，故选A。
there be句型的结构和用法规则:
基本结构 There + is / are (名词+地点状语）
肯定句 There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语 There is a book / some paper on the table. There are +复数可数名词+地点状语 There are three apples in the basket.
否定句 在be动词后加上not,缩略形式是isn't, aren't There isn't a book on the table. There aren't any apples in the basket.
一般疑问句 将be动词提到there前 Is there a book on the table Are there any apples in the basket
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词（如 what, how many/much, who 等）+is /are there +其他成分 What’s there on the table How many people are there in the room
就近原则 当there be后有两个或更多的名词时，be动词的形式应与 最靠近它的名词在数上保持一致 There is a pen and two books on the table, （pen 是离 be 动词 最近的单数名词） There are two books and a pen on the table, （books 是离 be 动词最近的复数名词）
There be 与have的区别
there be和have的含义和用法不同，there be句型表达的是“在某个地方存在某人、某物等”，
have/has则表示“某人拥有某物”。当主语为第三人称单数时，使用has；其他人称作主语，则使用have。
There are all kinds of books on my bookstore.
我的书柜上有各种各样的书。
I have all kinds of books.
我有各种各样的书。
【典例分析】
一、 翻译短句。
1 椅子下面有一只猫。
_____________________________________________
2 教室里没有20个学生。
____________________________________________
3 袋子里有一些面包。
____________________________________________
4 书桌上有两本书吗？
___________________________________________
5 你们学校有多少个班？
____________________________________________
【答案】
1.There is a cat under the chair.
2.There aren’t 20 students in the classroom.
3.There is some bread in the bag.
4.Are there two books on the desk
5.How many classes are there in your school
【话题分析】
本单元的话题是“The Earth”，对应课标中的“人与自然 ”这一主题语境，涉及“自然生态、环境保护”主题群。写作方面要求写一篇“如何保护地球”的小短文。要求正确的运用there be句型描述地球上存在的环境污染问题以及提出解决问题的方案。写作要点包括：
一、为什么要保护地球。（地球是我们美丽的家园….)
二、我们面临的问题。
三、解决方案。
【短语积累】
一、短语积累
1. 在陆地上 _____________ 2. 在水底 _________________
3. 为……提供…… _________________ 4. 许多 _____________
5. 燃烧某物 _____________ 6. 把……倒入…… _________________
7. 在地底下 _________________ 8. 停止做某事 _________________
9. 保护地球 _________________ 10. 为了我们的未来 _________________
11. 例如 _________________ 12. 扔掉_________________
【答案】1.on the land 2. under the water 3.provide … with … 4.a lot of 5，burn sth. 6. put … into …
7.under the ground 8.stop doing sth. 9.protect the Earth 10.for our future 11.for example 12. throw away
【句式积累】
1 地球是一个美丽的地方，有绿色的森林、蓝色的海洋和白色的云朵。
【答案】 The earth is a beautiful place with green forests, blue oceans, and white clouds.
2. 地球是我们美丽的星球，它为我们提供了所需的一切。
【答案】The Earth is our beautiful planet, it provides us everything we need.
3.这个美丽的星球是我们唯一的家园。然而，我们在很多方面正在伤害地球。
【答案】This beautiful planet is our only home. However, we are harming the Earth in many ways
4.环境正变得越来越糟糕。
【答案】The environment is becoming worse and worse.
5人们把废物排入河流和海洋。海洋和河流变得越来越脏。鱼越来越少了
【答案】People put waste into rivers and seas.The seas and rivers are becoming dirtier and dirtier. lots of fish are fewer and fewer
6. 人们砍倒了许多树。树木越来越少。
【答案】People cut down many trees. There are fewer and fewer trees.
7 人们燃烧东西来制造能量。空气越来越脏，甚至有人生病
【答案】People burn things to make energy. the air is becoming dirtier and dirtier, even poeple get ill
8 人们到处乱扔垃圾。它污染了土地。
【答案】People throw away a lot of rubbish everywhere. it pollutes land
9 为了保护环境，我们最好不用塑料袋。
【答案】 In order to protect the environment , we’d better not use plastic bags.
10，当你出门时，你应该乘公共汽车而不开车。
【答案】When going out ,we should take a bus instead of driving a car.
11，我们必须停止砍伐树林。多种树。
【答案】We must stop cutting down trees, and plant more.
12.如果人人都能做这些小事，世界就有大改变。
【答案】 If everyone can do these small things, we can make a big difference.
【实战演练】
人类只有一个地球，地球是我们共同的家园。目前我市拟开展以“Our Only Home—the Earth”为题的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇不少于70 词的短文。
提示: 1. 重要性：只有一个地球，地球是植物、动物和人类共同的家园；
2. 主要问题：污染越来越严重，危害了人们的生活和健康；
3. 措施：从日常生活中的小事做起，停止污染，保护地球。（至少列举三项措施）
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】
Our Only Home—the Earth
As we all know, the Earth is our only home. There are many different plants, animals and people like you and me living on the Earth.
However, we are now facing a serious problem. There is a lot of pollution! Pollution does great harm to our lives and our health. As students, we should take action to protect the Earth. We can start with small things in our daily life. For example, we should write on both sides of the paper. We can walk or ride bikes to school to save energy. What's more, we should try our best to make less waste. In a word, it's important for us to protect the Earth for our future.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 4 The Earth
单元小结
学习目标：本单元学习和探究地球方面的知识，要求掌握相关方面（美丽的家园，面临问题，解决方案）的单词和短语。能够阅读相同难度的文章，能够写出保护我们地球的小短文。
语法目标：学习There be 结构及用法。
听说目标：能听懂关于目前海洋状况对话，能够谈论地球面临的问题和解决方法。
写作目标：学会写出保护地球的小短文。
目录
知识要点一、重点单词，短语及句式
要点1 重点短语 练习
要点2 重点句式 练习
【精讲精练】
要点1 cover/be covered with/by的用法 练习
要点2 As far as I know的用法 练习
要点3 Freeze ，freezing 和frozen的用法 练习
要点4 over的用法 练习
要点5 be home to的用法 练习
要点6 provide.的用法 练习
要点7 protect的用法 练习
要点8 pollution的用法 练习
要点9 landt的用法 练习
要点10 in the north (south / east / west) of 的用法 练习
要点11 arrive/reach的用法 练习
要点12 disappear的用法 练习
要点13 as…as…的用法 练习
要点14 hundreds of 的用法 练习
要点15 solution的用法 练习
要点16 harm的用法 练习
要点17 height/ in height的用法 练习
要点18 turn…into 及turn 构成的短语的用法 练习
要点19 stop doing /stop to do的用法 练习
要点20 own的用法 练习
要点21辨析：a few & few & a little & little的用法 练习
要点22 explore的用法 练习
知识要点二、语法
要点1 There be结构和用法 17
知识要点三、书面表达
要点1 话题分析 17
要点2 词汇短语积累 18
要点3句式积累 18
要点4实战演练 19
【重点短语】
1.The solar system太阳系
2.As far as we know据我们所知
3.More than超过
4.Be home to是...的家园
5.A grain of rice一粒米饭
6.Along with和
7.What’s more并且
8.Provide sb. With sth.提供某人某物 Provide sth. For sth.提供某人某物
9.Cut down砍倒
10.Because of因为
11.Global warming全球变暖
12.Sea level海平面
13.Die out灭绝
14.Try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力去做某事
15.End up最终处于
16.More and more越来越多 Fewer and fewer越来越少
17.Turn... into...把...变成
18.In the north of在...的北部
19.In the 1800s在19世纪
20.A group of一群
21.In the middle of在...的中间
【重点句式】
1.Some places are very hot,like the areas near the equator.有些地方非常热，比如赤道附近地区
2.There are many things we can do.我们可以做很多事情。
3. The highest mountain on Earth is over 8,800 metres above sea level. 地球上最高的山海拔超过8800米。
4.The plants on Earth are wonderful in many different ways. 地球上的植物在许多不同方面都很奇妙。
5.The tallest trees in the world can reach over 100 metres in height.
世界上最高的树可以达到100米以上的高度。
6.The smallest plant is as small as a grain of rice.最小的植物就像一粒米一样小。
7.The Earth is home to millions of animals.地球是无数动物的家园。
8.And what's more,the Earth provides us with all the things we need,such as food water,air and energy. 更重要的是，地球为我们提供了我们需要的一切，比如食物、水、空气和能源。
9.Let's explore,learn about and take care of our home.让我们一起探索、了解和照顾我们的家园。
10.What problems is the Earth facing 地球正面临着什么问题？
11.What can we do to protect the Earth 我们可以做些什么来保护地球？
12.What do you know about the sea 你对海洋了解多少？
13.It is our home and the only planet we know that supports life.
它是我们的 家园， 也是我们所知道的唯-------一个支持生命存在的星球。
【精讲精练】
要点 1. cover
作为动词 ，
cover的基本含义是“覆盖”，指用某物遮盖在另一物体上面。例如：
1.Please cover the table with a cloth. 请用布盖住桌子。
2.The highway was covered with snow. 公路被雪覆盖着。
cover还可以表示“包含”或“涉及”。例如：
1.These regulations cover such cases. 这些规定适用于这类情况。
2.His reading covers a wide range of subjects. 他阅读的书籍涉及多种学科。
cover还有“采访、报道”的意思。例如：
Jack covered the Gulf War for CNN then. 杰克当时替美国有线新闻电视网报导海湾战争。
2.作为名词 ，cover可以指“封面”或“报道”。例如：
The magazine had an interesting cover story.
这本杂志有一篇有趣的封面报道。
be covered with 是被动语态形式，表示“被...覆盖”而强调覆盖的状态，例如：
The road is covered with snow. 这条路被雪覆盖了。(强调的状态)
The mountain tops are covered with snow. 白雪覆盖着山顶。(强调的状态)
be covered by 侧重于被动的动作，表示某物被另一物覆盖，强调覆盖的动作或过程。例如，
These expenses are covered by the state.
这些费用由国家承担。这句话强调的是国家承担费用的动作。
【典例分析】
1. What a dirty room it is! The desks and chairs are all covered ________ dust (灰尘). We should clean it at once!
A. for B. by C. with D. of
2. — How do you like the newspaper 21st Century
— Wonderful. It _________ many news stories all over the world.
A. covers B. talks C. writes D. says
3.妈妈用一块布将桌子覆盖起来。(完成句子)
Mother_________the table_______a piece of cloth.
4.冬天到了。大地覆盖着厚厚的白雪。(完成句子)
Winter comes, the land _______ _____ _______thick white snow.
5. 一位记者正在采访全红禅
A journalist________ ________ Quan Hongchan
要点 2. As far as I know
As far as I know 表示“据我所知 ”，表达说话人对某个情况或信息的了解程度。
类似结构As far as I‘m concerned “在我看来;对我来说”
例句 ：
As far as I know, he'll be away for three months. 据我所知，他将外出三个月。
As far as I'm concerned, this is the best option. 在我看来，这是最好的选择。
As far as the damage is concerned, it's not that bad. 就损坏的程度而言，还好。
As far as I know, they have gone abroad for further education. 据我所知，他们已出国深造去了。
【典例分析】
1. 据我们所知，除了地球，其他行星上没有生命。
， there are no lives on other planets except the earth.
要点 3. Freeze ，freezing 和frozen
1，Freeze 动词“使某物结冰”
2，Freezing是动词“freeze”的现在分词形式，也可以用作形容词。它主要描述的是正在进行中的冰冻过程或极冷的温度。例如，“freezing weather”指的是非常寒冷的天气。
It was freezing cold outside last night, and I had to wear my thickest coat.
昨晚外面冷得要命，我不得不穿上我最厚的外套。
3，Frozen 是动词“freeze”的过去分词形式，通常用作形容词，表示某物已被冻住或结冰的状态。例如，“frozen food”指的是已经被冷冻的食物。
【典例分析】
1. The weather in winter was _______ and everything seemed to be _______.
A. freezing；freezing B. frozen；frozen C. freezing；frozen D. frozen；freezing
2. It is interesting to go skating on ________ lake in ________ weather.
A. frozen, freezing B. frozen, frozen C. freezing, frozen D. freezing, freezing
要点 4. over
over prep. 多于
Now I have over 100 different postcards. 现在我有100多张不同的明信片。
over在这里做介词，意思相当于more than。
【拓展】
over可以表示
1,“在……上方”、“在……上面”，例如
The sun shines over the earth.太阳照耀着地球。
2,它也可以表示“超过”、“在……上”，例如
He has lived in Beijing over two years.他在北京住了两年多。
3. over还可以表示“通过”、“越过”、“溢出”，例如
I heard the news over the radio.”我从收音机里听到了这个消息。
【典例分析】
1. He has over one thousand books.
A. about B. fewer C. more than D. a bit of
2. It's 5 p.m. The last class is ___________.
A. end B. finish C. over
3. Qinhuai River, a beautiful river, runs________Nanjing. And there are many bridges________the river.
A. across; through B. through;over C. through;through D. across;over
要点 5. be home to
be home to 这个短语在英语中表示“对某物而言是故乡、家园、栖息地或产地”。它是一个形容词短语，home前面不需要冠词。例如，Vienna is home to Mozart 表示维也纳是莫扎特的故乡.
New York is home to the global finance industry.
纽约是世界金融业的中心。
The Earth is home to both animals and humans
地球是动物和人类的家园
【典例分析】
1.地球是动物和人类的家园
The Earth _____________both animals and humans
要点 6. provide
provide v. 提供
(1) provide sth for sb意为“为某人准备某物”
The supermarket provides all kinds of fruits for us.
超市为我们提供了各种各样的水果。
(2) provide sb with sth 意思和(1)相同,宾语换了一下
The supermarket provides us with all kinds of fruits.
超市为我们提供了各种各样的水果。
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1. 他为他的家人提供食物和衣服。
He provided food and clothes for his family.
＝ He _________his family ________food and clothes.
2．They didn’t provide me food, so I had to find something to eat.
A．for B．to C．about D．with
3. The newly-opened company ________ the local people with more chances to work.
A. gives B. provides C. offers D. shows
4. —In the past five years, China has played an important role in the Belt and Road.
—It has _____ many nations a great chance to communicate.
A. offered B. supported C. included D. provided
5. When I’m in trouble, my sister always _________________.
A. offers helping me B. offers to help me C. asks me to help D. asks me at help
要点7：protect
protect 保护
(1) protect against
意为“使免受”(大事件）;防范
Exercise will protect against heart attacks.
运动可以防范心脏病。
(2) protect from
意为“使免受”（小事件）
He is always protecting himself from danger. 他总是保护着自己免受侵害
(3)　protection n.
意为“保护，防卫” Parents always provide protection for their children.
父母总是为他们的孩子提供保护。
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1. 我们愿意保护濒临灭绝的野生动物。
We’re willing to __________ ______________ wild animals.
2. 你最好戴上太阳镜，来保护你的眼睛免受阳光的伤害。
You’d better wear sunglasses to __________ your eyes ______________ sunshine.
3. Alice wants to buy a pair of sunglasses to protect herself________ the sun.
A. for B. under C. with D. against
要点8 pollution
pollute v. 污染
Wasted water will pollute the environment. 废水会污染环境。
(2) pollution n. 意为“污染”
The air pollution is becoming worse and worse.
空气污染变得越来越糟糕。
(3) polluted adj. 意为“被污染的”
Polluted water is a great danger to people's health.
受污染的水对人们的健康有很大危害。
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1. There is less ____________(pollute) in Suzhou than in other cities in China.
2. The local people had to move away because the environment is seriously ____________(pollute).
3.This river is dirty because it is ________ by the water from that chemistry factory.
A. reduced B. polluted C. included D. created
4. Sleeping with lights on is a　　 . You’d better make sure all the lights are off before you go to bed.
A. pollution　 　 B. action　 　 C. waste　　 D. collection
5. There are many kinds of ____________ (pollute) around us.
6.The river is badly ____________ (pollute).
要点9 land
(1) land作动词，意为“降落(或跳落、跌落)到地面(或水面上)。”
(2) land还可作名词，意为“陆地;大地”。 by land意为“经陆路”
【典例分析】
1.请判断land的词性
We live on the land.
The plane landed in Shanghai.
2.我从楼梯上摔了下去，重重地摔在下面。
I fell and __________heavily at the bottom of the stairs.
3.一只鸟落在了他的头上。
A bird _________on his head.
要点10 in the north (south / east / west) of ... 在……的北部(南部 / 东部 / 西部)。
辨析：
in the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指在某一范围内的地区；
to the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指互不接壤的两个地区；
on the + 方位名词 + of ...， 指接壤的两个地区。如：
in 表示在地点内部
on 表示两地接壤
to 表示两地相隔
【典例分析】
用适当介词填空
1. Hong Kong is________ the south of China.
2. Japan is _________the east of China.
3. Canada is________ the north of the US.
4. Shanghai is a big city ______________ the east coast of China.
A. by B. on C. in D. at
5. Taiwan is ______________ south of China and _____________ southeast of Fujian.
A. in ; in B. on ; in C. to ; on D. in ; to
要点11 arrive/reach v.到达；抵达
They arrived at the school before the bell rang.在铃响之前他们到达了学校。
辨析reach, arrive和get
(1)arrive不及物动词，后接宾语时要加介词in(大地点)或at(小地点)。
I arrived in Beijing last night.我昨天晚上到达了北京。
(2)reach及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语。
Finally we reached the top of the mountain.最终我们到达了山顶。
get作“到达”讲，后接宾语时要加介词to。
When did you get to the park 你什么时候到公园的？
注意：当arrive, get后接表示地点的副词，如here, there, home等时，则不用介词，即arrive/get＋地点副词。
词语 大地点 小地点 其他副词
arrive +in +at arrive here, arrive there, arrive home
reach reach +地点 reach here, reach there, reach home
get get to+地点 get here, get there, get home
【典例分析】
1.My uncle _______ the airport at 9:00 pm yesterday.
A. arrived B. got C. reached D. appeared
2. Jim has _________ China for two years.
A. been to B. come to C. arrived in D. been in
3.Susan will _______ Beijing next Monday morning.
A. reach to B. get to C. arrive at D. go
要点 12：disappear
disappear v. to become invisible or unnoticeable 消失；消散
The rocket disappeared into the sky. 火箭消失在空中。
【同根词】
appear v. 出现
She appears on TV at seven every evening.
她每晚7点在电视上露面。
【拓展】
appear, seem与look(似乎;好像)
三者均为连系动词,意为 “似乎;好像;显得。其后均可接形容词名词不定作表语。
如: He looks/seems/appears honest.他似乎很诚实。
He looks/seems/appears to be honest.他似乎很诚实。
look, seem之后可以接介词like,但 appear之后不能。
如: He looks/seems like fool.他看起来像个大傻瓜
【典例分析】
1.The girl ______________ (disappear) at last. Everyone was glad to see her.
2. The rocket disappeared into the sky. (选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项)
A. couldn't be seen B. could be seen C. could be heard
3.一条蛇突然出现在农民面前，咬了他。
A snake suddenly _________in front of the farmer and bit him.
4.那些云似乎不久会消失的。
The clouds will ___________ ___________ __________.
5.她看起来很年轻。
She appears ____________. = She appears__________ _________ ____________.
要点13 as…as…
as…as… 意为“和……一样……”，表示同级比较。常用基本结构为：
as + adj. / adv. + as, 其否定结构为：
not as / so + adj. / adv. + as
【典例分析】
1.Wang Wei speaks English as _____ as Yang Lan．They both study English hard．
good B. well C. better D. best
2.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
This film is ______ _______ ______ that one.
3.这本字典没有那本字典厚
This dictionary isn’t _____ ______ _______ that one.
4.用单词的正确形式填空
(1)Grace was as_______________( care) as Tom. They made few mistakes in the exam.
(2)Grace wrote as _______________( care) as Tom . They made few mistakes in the exam.
(3)Grace wrote as _______________( care) as Tom . They made a few mistakes in the exam.
(4)English is not so interesting as maths. = English is ___________ interesting __________ maths.
要点14 hundreds of
hundreds of 数百的，数以百计的
Those mountains are hundreds of metres high.那些山有数百米高。
【重点】hundreds of 后接复数名词形式。
They plant hundreds of trees every year. 他们每年种几百棵树。
【难点】当hundred前有具体的数词修饰，即表示确切的数目时，hundred只能用单数形式，且不与of连用。另外，hundred前也可用some, several, many等表示不确定的数目的词修饰。
Two hundred students attended the contest. 两百名学生参加了此次比赛。
【拓展】与hundred用法类似的还有thousand, million等。
thousands of数千的　three thousand 三千
【典例分析】
1.—________ is the population of China, Jack —Let me think for a moment, it is about ________.
A. How many；1，400 million B. What；1，400 million
C .What；140 million D. How many；140 million
2. It is reported that there are over ______ koalas dying in the disastrous wild fire broke out recently in Australia.
A. thousands of B. 8 thousands C. 8 thousands of D. 8 thousand
要点 15：solution
solution：n. 解决办法；处理手段
I do not have a simple solution to the problem. 我没有解决这个问题的简单方法。
Has anyone found a solution to question 7 谁找到了问题7的解决方法？
注意：与answer、key、clue（线索）类似的是，solution常跟介词to连用，表“……的”。
【典例分析】
1．There is no easy _______ to this problem. So we have to work harder.
A．orders B．solution C．doubt D．manners
2.The __________ (solve) to this problem is acceptable.
3. 也许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的办法。（完成句子）
It may take a long time to find ________ ________ __________ the problem.
要点16 harm
harm adj. 危害；伤害；损害
harmful adj.有害的
用法 例句
(1) do harm to 意为“对……有害” Smoking does harm to your health
(2) be harmful to. 意为“对….有害” Smoking is harmful to your health. Quit smoking early is good for your health.
【拓展】
be good for 对……有益
be harmful to 对……有害
do harm to 对……有害
【典例分析】
1. Smoking is ________ to you.
A. harm B. harmful C. harms D. harmless
2. It is _____ to your health to drink too much.
A. hopeless　　 B. hopeful　　 C. harmless　　 D. harmful
3.被污染的水对鱼类有害。
Polluted water is fish.
4.长时间看电视对你眼睛有害.
Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes.
= Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes.
=Watching TV for a long time ________ ______ _______ your eyes.
5.Reading in the sun is ________ your eyes.
A. harmful to B. harm for C. harmful for D. harm to
要点 17. height
height n. 高度 表示某物的高度，其形容词形式是high
【考点】辨析：high, highly与height
high 形容词或副词 作形容词讲时，意为“高的”，修饰名词；作副词讲时，意为“在高处”，修饰动词
highly 副词 意为“高级地”，修饰动词或形容词。
height 名词 意为“高度”，常与介词in连用。
The mountain is very high.那座山很高。
Don't climb too high. 别爬得太高。
Mary is a highly educated woman.
玛丽是一位受过高等教育的女士。
【重点】height常用的结构
(1)at a height of在……的高度；在……的鼎盛时期
(2) in height 在高度上
(3) What‘s the height of...？＝What's...height？……的高度是多少？
拓展： length n 长度 width n 宽度 depth n 深度
【典例分析】
1.这座山有多高？
_________ ___________ _____________of the mountain
_________ ___________ ___________ the mountain
2.它有两米高。
It is 2 metres __________.
It is 2 metres __________ __________.
3. —What's the ________ of the mountain
—It's about nine hundred metres.
A. temperature B. height C. direction D. price
要点 18：turn…into 及turn 构成的短语
1.turn on=switch on，意为“拧开（电器）；打开（水源、煤气、电源等）”。
2.turn off=switch off，意为“关掉（电器）；关上（水源、煤气、电源等）”。
3.turn up 意为“调高（音量或热度）”
4.turn down 意为“调低（音量或热度）”。
5.turn… into… 使……变成……
【典例分析】
1.新闻时间到了，请打开电视机。
It’s time for the news. Please ______ _________ the TV.
2.你能把电视声音调低一点吗？
Can you _______ _______ the TV a bit
3.当你离开房间时要关灯。
_______ _______ the lights when you leave the room.
4.第二天，小溪里的水变成了褐色的水。
The water in the brook _______ ________ brown water the next day.
要点19 stop doing /stop to do
stop的用法
（1）stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，doing是stop的宾语，是要停止的动作。
（2）stop to do 表示“停下来开始做某事”, to do是stop的状语，表示目的，是要开始做的事情。
（3）stop …from 表示阻止。。。做某事
【典例分析】
1. You look tired, you must________.
A. stops to work B. stopped working C. stop to work D. stop working
2. In the end, we felt tired, so we stopped ______ a rest.
A. having B. to have C. had D. have
3. When the child saw his new toy, he stopped ______.
A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. to crying
4 When my friend saw me this morning, he stopped ______ to me.
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. to talking
5.请停止说话，咱们开始上课。
Please _________ _____________. Let’s start the lesson.
6.大雨使我们踢不了球。
The heavy rain ___________ us ___________ ___________ football.
7.我们必须阻止人们砍伐树林。
We must ___________people _____________ ____________ down trees.
要点20 own
own作形容词，意为“自己的,特有的”，常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词one’s (my / our / your / his / her / its / their)一起使用,以加强语气。
(1) 如果被修饰的名词前没有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own直接前置修饰该名词。例如:
This is not my uncle’s own house. 这不是我叔叔自己的房子。
She makes all her own clothes. 她所有的衣服都是她自己做的。
(2) 如果被修饰名词前面已经有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定词修饰时,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own就要与of构成短语一起放在该名词后面作后置定语。例如:
She has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。
Ancient Chinese created this medical science of China’s own.
古代中国人创造了这样一种中国所特有的医学。
I have some reasons of my own for wishing to do so. 我有些想这么干的理由。
【思维导图】
【典例分析】
1.他有一座自己的房子，这座房子是去年他独自建的，所以他是该房子的主人。
He has a house __________，and the house was built __________last year，so he is the_________ of the house.
2.It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest _______at night.
A. on business　　 B.by the way C. on your own D. on the top
3.It’s against the law for him to rush into ________ house without permission.
A.my own private B .him own private
C. his own D. own his private
4. I __________my_______ house because I grow up. (own)
5.I want to see the _________ (own) of the company.
要点21 辨析：a few & few & a little & little（高频考题）
a few “一些；几个”，修饰可数名词复数，表示肯定意义。 There are a few apples in the box.盒子里有几个苹果。 There are few apples in the box. 盒子里没几个苹果。
few “几个；很少”，修饰可数名词复数，表示否定意义。
a little “一点；一些”，修饰不可数名词，表示肯定意义。 There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。 There is little water in the glass.杯子里几乎没有水。
little “一点；很少”，修饰不可数名词，表示否定意义。
【典例分析】
一、选用few a few little a little 填空
1. Please hurry up. There is _________ time left.
2. Please don’t worry. There is still _________ time left.
3. The box is very heavy. And ___________of us can lift it.
4. There is __________ink in my pen, Please give me____________.
5. Simon makes __________ friends in his class because he is very selfish and dishonest.
6.There is _________food in the cupboard. I must go and get some.
7.The question is difficult and ____________ students can answer it.
8.The question is difficult but ____________ students can answer it.
9.You should walk __________faster.
10 There are a lot of new books, but____________ of them are easy to read.
二、单项选择
11. Mike did very well in this math exam and he made ______ mistakes in it.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
12. —Hurry up! The movie is beginning.
—Don’t worry. There is still ______ time left
A. little B. a little C. a few D. few
13.—Is your friend Michael still in Australia
—I don't know. I have ________ information about him because we haven't seen each other for _______ years.
A．a little；a few　　 B．little；a few C．a few；a little D．few；a little
14.The man has _______ friends in this city，so he often stays at home.
A. a few B. few C. little D. a little
要点22 explore
Explore 作为动词，主要表示“探索”、“研究”或“考察”某物，尤其是未知的、新的或复杂的领域。
1. 搭配用法
explore sth. ：直接接名词，表示探索某物。
explore (sth.) for sth. ：表示为了寻找某物而探索某物。
2. 例句
We explored the jungle for days, but found no sign of the lost city.
我们在丛林中探索了数天，但没有找到失落城市的任何迹象。
【典例分析】
1. The country is going to set up a manned space station to _______more space.
A. explore B. reach C. provide D. protect
there be句型的结构和用法规则:
基本结构 There + is / are (名词+地点状语）
肯定句 There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语 There is a book / some paper on the table. There are +复数可数名词+地点状语 There are three apples in the basket.
否定句 在be动词后加上not,缩略形式是isn't, aren't There isn't a book on the table. There aren't any apples in the basket.
一般疑问句 将be动词提到there前 Is there a book on the table Are there any apples in the basket
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词（如 what, how many/much, who 等）+is /are there +其他成分 What’s there on the table How many people are there in the room
就近原则 当there be后有两个或更多的名词时，be动词的形式应与 最靠近它的名词在数上保持一致 There is a pen and two books on the table, （pen 是离 be 动词 最近的单数名词） There are two books and a pen on the table, （books 是离 be 动词最近的复数名词）
There be 与have的区别
there be和have的含义和用法不同，there be句型表达的是“在某个地方存在某人、某物等”，
have/has则表示“某人拥有某物”。当主语为第三人称单数时，使用has；其他人称作主语，则使用have。
There are all kinds of books on my bookstore.
我的书柜上有各种各样的书。
I have all kinds of books.
我有各种各样的书。
【典例分析】
一、 翻译短句。
1 椅子下面有一只猫。
_____________________________________________
2 教室里没有20个学生。
____________________________________________
3 袋子里有一些面包。
____________________________________________
4 书桌上有两本书吗？
___________________________________________
5 你们学校有多少个班？
____________________________________________
【话题分析】
本单元的话题是“The Earth”，对应课标中的“人与自然 ”这一主题语境，涉及“自然生态、环境保护”主题群。写作方面要求写一篇“如何保护地球”的小短文。要求正确的运用there be句型描述地球上存在的环境污染问题以及提出解决问题的方案。写作要点包括：
一、为什么要保护地球。（地球是我们美丽的家园….)
二、我们面临的问题。
三、解决方案。
【短语积累】
一、短语积累
1. 在陆地上 _____________ 2. 在水底 _________________
3. 为……提供…… _________________ 4. 许多 _____________
5. 燃烧某物 _____________ 6. 把……倒入…… _________________
7. 在地底下 _________________ 8. 停止做某事 _________________
9. 保护地球 _________________ 10. 为了我们的未来 _________________
11. 例如 _________________ 12. 扔掉_________________
【句式积累】
1 地球是一个美丽的地方，有绿色的森林、蓝色的海洋和白色的云朵。
2. 地球是我们美丽的星球，它为我们提供了所需的一切。
3.这个美丽的星球是我们唯一的家园。然而，我们在很多方面正在伤害地球。
4.环境正变得越来越糟糕。
5人们把废物排入河流和海洋。海洋和河流变得越来越脏。鱼越来越少了
6. 人们砍倒了许多树。树木越来越少。
7 人们燃烧东西来制造能量。空气越来越脏，甚至有人生病
8 人们到处乱扔垃圾。它污染了土地。
9 为了保护环境，我们最好不用塑料袋。
10，当你出门时，你应该乘公共汽车而不开车。
11，我们必须停止砍伐树林。多种树。
12.如果人人都能做这些小事，世界就有大改变。
【实战演练】
人类只有一个地球，地球是我们共同的家园。目前我市拟开展以“Our Only Home—the Earth”为题的征文活动。请你根据以下提示，写一篇不少于70 词的短文。
提示: 1. 重要性：只有一个地球，地球是植物、动物和人类共同的家园；
2. 主要问题：污染越来越严重，危害了人们的生活和健康；
3. 措施：从日常生活中的小事做起，停止污染，保护地球。（至少列举三项措施）
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