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【辨析】spend, pay, cost, take
单词 主语 宾语 常见结构 原-过式-过分
spend 人 时间 钱 人+spend＋时间/钱on sth. 人+spend＋时间/钱(in)doing sth. spend-spent-spent
pay 人 钱 人+pay＋钱+for sth. pay-paid-paid
cost 物 钱 物＋cost sb.＋钱 cost-cost-cost
take (it)物 时间 It takes sb. 时间＋to do sth. take-took-taken
这四个词都有“花费”之意，但用法各异，区别这四个词的关键有三点：一是看主语是人还是物；二是看宾语时间还是金钱；三是看句式结构。
一、看主语: spend, pay都有p(people, person),所以主语是人。
cost, take都有t(thing),所以主语是物。
二、看宾语： spend(单词最长，有时间又有钱)； pay, cost(穷得只剩下钱)；take(单词前后的字母都和time一致，只能花时间)。
三、句式结构，句子互换：
1、当表花费“钱”时，spent、pay、和cost的句子可以互换。
例: I spent 50 yuan on the schoolbag.
= The schoolbag cost me 50 yuan.
= I paid 50 yuan for the schoolbag.
2、当表花费"时间"时，spend 句型可以和take 句型互换。
例: Jack spends two hours (in) doing his homework every day.
= It takes Jack two hours to do his homework every day.
Exercises:
一、 单选题
1. How much does the ticket ____ from Shanghai to Beijing
A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay
2.We ____ a lot of time reading English every morning.
A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay
3.My mother ____ 200 yuan for the new shoes.
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
4.It ____ the workers half a year to build the bridge.
5.The project ____ a lot of money and manpower. If it fails, we will ____ a heavy price.
A. costs; pay B. spends; cost C. takes; pay D. costs; spend
6.The book ____ me ten yuan.
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
7.It ____ him two hours to get to the airport.
A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid
二、同义句转换题
1. She spent 50 dollars on the dress.
- 转换为：She _______ _______ _______ ______the dress.
或者The dress ________ ______50 dollars.
2.The journey took them three days.
- 转换为：They ______ ______ _____ _____ the journey.
三、翻译题
1.他花了很多时间玩游戏。（用spend）
- 翻译：_________________________________________________
2.这部电影花了我30元。（用cost）
- 翻译：_________________________________________________
3.我花了一个小时打扫房间。（用take）
- 翻译：_________________________________________________
4.她为那顶帽子付了20美元。（用pay）
- 翻译：_________________________________________________
【辨析】sometime, sometimes, some time, some times
【辨析】先看sometime和sometimes:
1. sometime: someone是某人，同理sometime就是某时（某个时候）。表示某个不确定，不具体的时间点，常用于过去式或将来时，对它提问用when。
2. sometimes：可以理解为sometime的复数，多个某时→时不时→有时。表示动作发生的频率不是很高，比较随机，多用于一般现在时，对它提问用how often。
【辨析】再看some time和some times:
3. some time: 两个单词是分开的，所以逐个理解。Some一些，time时间，所以some time一些时间，即一段时间。句子谓语动词常为延续性动词，对它提问用how long。
4. some times: 时间为不可数名词，没复数，times是次数或倍数的复数。所以some times几次或几倍。对它提问用how many times。
例句：
1. —When will you go there
—I will go there sometime tomorrow.
2. —How often do you exercise
—I sometimes exercise.
3. —How long do you need to finish this work
—I need some time to finish this work.
4. —How many times have you been there
—I have been there some times.
单词 含义 词性 对它提问
sometime 某个时候 副词 when
sometimes 有时 副词 how often
some time 一段时间 名词短语 how long
some times 几次，几倍 名词短语 how many times
Exercises:
一、单选题
1. I will visit my grandparents ____ next week.
A. Sometime B. sometimes C. some time D. some times
2. ____ I go to school by bike.
A. Sometime B. sometimes C. some time D. some times
3. She stayed in Beijing for ____ last year.
A. Sometime B. sometimes C. some time D. some times
4. I have been to Paris ____.
A. Sometime B. sometimes C. some time D. some times
二、 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. He will come back ____ (sometime) next month.
2. We have met ____ (some times) before.
3.She needs ____ (some time) to think about this question.
4.____ (Sometimes) it rains heavily in this area.
三、. 句型转换
1、I go to the cinema sometimes.（改为同义句）
- 答案：I go to the cinema_____ _____ _____.
2. She will visit her aunt sometime next week.（对划线部分提问）
- 问句：__________________________________________
3. He has lived here for some time.（对划线部分提问）
- 问句：__________________________________________
4. I have been to London some times.（对划线部分提问）
- 问句：__________________________________________
【辨析】spend, pay, cost, take （参考答案）
一、1.答案：B。因为句子的主语是“the ticket”（物），“cost”用于表示“某物花费（某人）多少钱”。
2.答案：A。主语是“We”（人），“spend +时间+ (in) doing sth.”符合题意，表示“我们每天早上花很多时间读英语”。
3.答案：D。“pay...for...”是固定搭配，表示“为……付款”。
4.答案：C。“It takes/took sb. +时间 + to do sth.”是固定句型。
5.答案：A。第一个空，主语是“The project”（物），“cost”表示“花费”；第二个空，6.答案：B。因为cost的主语是物，“这本书花了我10元”，符合“sth. cost sb. +金钱”的结构。
7.答案：C。“It takes/took sb. +时间 + to do sth.”，这里表示“到达机场花费了他两个小时”。
二、 同义句转换题
- She spent 50 dollars on the dress.
- 转换为：She paid 50 dollars for the dress.
或者The dress cost her 50 dollars.
2.The journey took them three days.
- 转换为：They spent three days on the journey.
三、 翻译题
1.翻译：He spent a lot of time playing games.
2.翻译：The movie cost me 30 yuan.
3.翻译：It took me an hour to clean the room.
4.翻译：She paid 20 dollars for that hat.
【辨析】sometime, sometimes, some time, some times（参考答案）
1. 答案：A。“sometime”表示“（将来或过去的）某个时候”，在这里指“我将在下周的某个时候去看望我的祖父母”。
2.答案：B。“Sometimes”意思是“有时”，在句首作状语，表示频率。
3.答案：C。“some time”表示“一段时间”，“她去年在北京待了一段时间”符合语境。
4. 答案：D。“some times”表示“几次”，“我去过巴黎几次”符合句子意思。
二、. 用所给词的适当形式填空
1. 答案：sometime。“他将在下个月的某个时候回来”。
2.答案：some times。“我们之前见过几次面”。
3. 答案：some time。“她需要一些时间来思考这个问题”。
4.答案：Sometimes。“这个地区有时会下大雨”。
三、句型转换
1.答案：I go to the cinema at some times.
2. 问句：When will she visit her aunt next week
3.问句：How long has he lived here
4.问句：How many times have you been to London

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