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2024年人教版九年级Unit 6When was it invented ？重难点精讲
一、必背短语：
1.带有特殊鞋跟的鞋______________ 2.靠电力运行________________
3.鞋子的样式________________ 4.用来做某事_____________
5.非常愿意_______________ 6.如此伟大的发明_________________
7.在我们的日常生活中_________________ 8.有道理____________________
9.偶然,意外地_______________ 10. 据说......; 有人说...... _________________
11.一个名叫神农的中国统治者_____________ 12.在篝火上________________
13.落入，掉入_______________ 14.产生一种令人愉快的气味______________
15.茶圣____________________ 16.制茶___________________
17.直到……才……(谓语动词可用瞬间动词) _______________18.少于不到____________
19.发生，出现______________ 20.全世界_______________
21.毫无疑问_____________ 22.茶的本质_______________
23.以低价卖___________ 24.建议某人做某事____________
25. 突然；猛然_______________ 26.从事，致力于_______________
27.与…….相似_____________ 28. 错误地__________________
29.炸薯片；炸土豆片_______________ 30最后___________=____________
31.在…….上面撒很多盐_____________ 32.奥林匹克运动会___________
33.把…….分开______________ 34.协力合作_____________
35.同时_____________ 36.阻止某人做某事____________
37.. ……的普及_____________ 38.梦想；幻想；向往______________
39.不但……而且……______________ 40. ……的数量_____________
41.钦佩；仰慕____________ 42.鼓励某人做某事_____________
43.实现某人的梦想____________ 44.决定；选定_______________
45.想出________________ 46.通往，导致______________
二、课堂重难点讲解
Section A
1、When was it invented title P41
invent v.发明，创造 invention n.发明物；发明 inventor n.发明者，发明家
▲辨析invent，discover，find与create
invent 意为＂发明＂，指发明创造出自然界本来不存在的东西，如工具、方法、手段、汽车、电器、合成材料等。
discover 意为＂发现＂，指发现原来就有而一直没被发现的东西，如发现电、煤、石油等矿藏及新星、星系或科学真理等。
find 意为＂找到＂，强调找的结果。
create ＂创造＂，指有目的地把原材料制成新产品，也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物。
▲discovery n.发现，被发现的事物
▲creative adj.创造（性）的 ；有创造力的，有想象力的
create v.创造，创建
creation n.创造，创建；作品，创作
creator n.创作者，发明者
creativity 创造力，独创性
【小试牛刀】
①I felt I'd made an incredible____________(discover).
②---There were a great number of ___________and they invented so many__________ (invent) in the history.
---Yes, they are so__________ that all of us admire them for their__________(create).
keys :①discovery ②inventors ; inventions ; creative ; creativities .
2、shoes with special heels Please give me a pen to write with
with prep. （1）有；带有；具有 （2）＂和……一起＂，表示伴随（3）＂用……＂，表示使用某种工具、手段等。（4）＂关于；对于；对……来说＂，表示关系等。
▲with的重点考点 Chen walked into the room with his parents looking/staring at him.
介词短语：The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm.
形容词:With the weather so close and stuffy, maybe it will rain..
with+名词/代词 副词: The square looks more beautiful than even with all the lights on.
名词: He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.
过去分词: With this problem solved, another one appeared.
现在分词: He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.
动词不定式: So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, I went on a round of the bookshops.
【小试牛刀】
① Lily 肩上背着黑色的爱马仕穿过街道。（完成译句）
Lily went across the street ________ a Hermès bag on her shoulders.
②With the door__________(open), the air in the room is so clean and fresh.
③With his father __________(在外面)， Tom closed the door heavily.
④The boy left his house with his parents ___________(sad).
⑤How hard the time is! With this problem_________(solve), another one appeared.
⑥---Tom was late for class again .---It’s no wonder that he felt more uneasy with the whole class________(stare) at him.
⑦So in the afternoon, with nothing__________(do), I went on a round of the bookshops.
keys : ①with ②open/opening ③outside ④sadness ⑤solved ⑥staring ⑦to do
3、hot ice-cream scoop runs on electricity 热冰淇淋勺靠电运转P42 2a
（1）run on通过运行
run v. 管理，经营；（使）运转，（使）运行
（2）electricity n.电，电流，电力；电学
electric adj.电的；带电的；用电的 n.电路系统
electric power 电力；电功率 electric field 电场
electric vehicle 电动车辆
electrical adj.电的，与电有关的 n.电气设备，电路
electronic adj.电子的，电子学的
▲electric electrical和electronic的区别
①electric为“电的，用电的，带电的”，指任何电动的或发电的装置，被修饰的物体本身可带电，通常用于形容带电的能量。
With this electric blanket, the grandpa won't feel cold in winter. 有了电热毯，到了冬天爷爷就不觉得冷了。
②electrical为“电的，与电有关的，电气科学的”，指与电有关的事物，被修饰的词本身并不能带电。跟electric是同义词，但更带科学性，通常用于形容带电的实物(电器)。
③electronic是电子的；电子器件的；电子设备的；和电子有关的，用于形容通过
电的 电子书 electronic books（e-books） 电子计算器 electronic calculator
4、_________ the style of the shoes P42 2b
the style of…… ……的风格/款式
style n.方式，作风；款式，样式；（尤指服装上的）风尚，流行式样；风格；生活方式；发型；文风，文体；称号，称谓
v.设计，给……造型
in style/fashion 流行；时髦地 life style 生活方式，生活习惯
out of style/fashion 过时的 hair style n. 发型
5、Hey Roy, the subject for my school project is “Small inventions that changed the world.” 嘿，罗伊，我学校作业的题目是“改变世界的小发明”。P42 2d
（1）subject n.主题，话题；学科，科目；主语
（2）project n.项目，计划；（学校的）课题，研究项目
6、With pleasure ! 乐意效劳！愉快地；乐意地；愿意
pleasure n.快乐，满足，欣慰；乐事，趣事；
eyes twinkle with pleasure 喜上眉梢
for pleasure/fun为了取乐（消遣） take pleasure in 以……..为乐趣
the pleasure of (doing) sth. (做)某事的乐趣
▲with pleasure和It’s a /my pleasure 的区别
（1）It’s a pleasure./ It's my pleasure与You are welcome./That’s all right./That’s OK./ No problem 表示为“不客气；不用谢” 用来回答表示感谢时的用语。
（2）With pleasure与All right, No problem. I’d like to “乐意效劳”，用来回答表示请求时的用语。A: Could you please give me a hand B: With pleasure.
（3）My pleasure 是相当正式的说法，“我的荣幸之至”。你可以把它想成是It has been my pleasure to help you．（能够帮助你是我的荣幸。）的省略结果。
▲拓展 please、pleased、pleasant、pleasing
（1）please int.好吗，请（用于客气地请求）；
v.（使）开心，（使）满意
please sb 使某人高兴；取悦某人
please yourself 随便你 please forgive me 请原谅我；请你谅解我吧
（2）pleased adj.高兴的，满意的；
v.（使）开心，（使）满意（please 的过去式和过去分词形式）
▲pleased指外物作用于感官, 使人感到"高兴 、满意、喜欢", 一般用作表语，“高兴的”、“喜欢的”，含义glad基本相同,主要用来修饰人,因此主语只能是人，常见的结构为:
①be pleased+不定式或从句 I am pleased to tell you my learning habits
②be pleased with= be satisfied with 对…..感到满意▲▲▲▲▲
③be pleased at /about(doing)….“对……感到高兴”
（3）pleasant adj.令人愉快的，惬意的
pleasant to hear 好听；入耳 pleasant sensation 快感
pleasant day 快乐的一天 have a pleasant journey 一路顺风
▲pleasant主要有两方面用法：一是用来说明事物，表示“令人愉快的”或“舒适的”等;二是用来说明人，表示“友好的”、“讨人喜欢的”等。如：
　　The weather was cold, but the trip was pleasant. 虽然天气很冷，但旅途还是很愉快。
　　It was a pleasant surprise to see her again. 再次见到她真是又惊又喜。
　　Make an effort to be pleasant at the party. 在晚会上要尽力友善待人(或尽量使人高兴)。
（4）pleasing adj.令人高兴的，令人满意的
v.使满意，使愉快；选择，喜欢（please 的现在分词形式）
▲pleasing 的用法与 pleasant 比较接近，有时可换用。
两者的细微区别是：在说明事物时，pleasant 多指令人愉快的内在的、本质的东西，而 pleasing 多指外在的、表面的东西;说明人时，两者都可表示“讨人喜欢的”，但 pleasant 多指某人因有使人愉快的外表或热情的气质等而具有自然吸引力，相比之下 pleasing 则暗示有意识地去讨好别人或取悦别人。
【小试牛刀】
①I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior.（改为同义句）
= I can by no means pretend to _____ ______ ______this behavior.
②I am__________(please) to tell you my learning habits.
③Although the weather was cold, the trip was__________(please).
④These colors are ___________(please).
⑤---Thanks for looking after my pet dog when I was on business.
---______________.
A. With pleasure! B. It’s a pleasure ! C. It doesn’t matter! D. It’s not a big deal!
⑤---Could you please help me with the housework？---____________.
A. My pleasure ! B. With pleasure ! C. It’s a pleasure ! D. That’s all right !
keys : ①be satisfied with ②pleased ③pleasant ④pleasing
6、Well, you do seem to have a point….. 嗯，你说得确实/的确有道理.....P42 2d
（1）助动词用于表示强调 详见Unit3 Section A 考点15
用“助动词do + 动词原形”来强调谓语动词。 Chen does study harder than before.
　　注意：谓语动词只有两种时态能强调，即一般现在时和一般过去时。在一般现在时中，do有人称的变化，第三人称单数用does，一般过去时do 变成did。其他时态的强调通过重读谓语动词来体现。
①强调一般现在时动词谓语：
　　例如：I work hard. → I do work hard. She loves you. → She does love you
②强调一般过去时动词谓语：
　　例如：I called you in the morning.→ I did call you in the morning.
③　其他表示强调的方式
　▲把要强调的部分放在句首：
　　例如:That film What do you think of it
　　Asleep, then, were you
▲用某些特殊的词来表示强调，如really, certainly, definitely, very等。在口语中，such 和so 都常用于强调句。
　　如：
　　Thank you so much.
　　It was such a lovely party.
　　I really enjoyed it.
　　This is the very book that I am looking for. 我要找的就是这本书。
▲强调非谓语
　　其基本句型是：“It + is/was + 被强调的成分 + that/who + 其她成分”。It 没有实意，只起语法作用，引导被强调的部分。当被强调的是人时，可用who(m)/that, 其他情况用that。
　　例如：It was I who/that met Jack yesterday. 是我昨天碰到了Jack.(强调主语)
　　It was Jack that/whom I met yesterday. 我昨天碰到的是Jack。(强调宾语)
　　It was yesterday that I met Jack. 是昨天我碰到了Jack.　(强调时间状语)
　　这几句话复原为非强调句就是：I met Jack yesterday.
　　It is people, not things, that are decisive. 决定的因素是人，不是物。(强调主语)
　　It is because the book is very important for my present job that I bought it. 是因为这本书对我目前的工作很有用，我才买了它。　(强调原因状语)
　　It was in the supermarket that I gave the book to him. 是在那家超市里我给了他那本书。(强调地点状语)
（2）have a point 有道理▲▲▲
【小试牛刀】
①What Lucy has said ________ ______ ______ _______(确实有道理).
②Tom ________ fall in love with this magical city as soon as he arrived here.
A. will B. can C. did D. does
keys : ①does have a point ②C
7、The pioneers of different inventions were listed there. 不同发明的先驱都列在那里。 P42 2d
（1）pioneer n.拓荒者；先锋；（前苏联等共产党国家的）少年先锋队队员
adj.先驱的；拓荒的
v.做先锋，倡导
young pioneer 少先队
（2）list n.列表，清单Sam listed all the people = Sam made a list of all the people.
v.列清单
make a list 列个清单；列出单子；造表 make a list of 列出一张…单子▲▲▲
8、For example , it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893 例如，它提到拉链是由惠特科姆·贾德森在1893年发明的 P42 2d
mention v.提到，谈到
n.提及，说起
don't mention it 不用介意；不客气、不用谢;别提啦！▲
【小试牛刀】
①---____________! I have had heatstroke for several times because of the weather.
---So have I !
A. Don’t care for it! B. Don’t mention it ! C. Not at all ! D. Of course not !
②____________ . As classmates, we only have done our duty.
A. It doesn’t matter B. In fact C. Don’t mention it D. All of a sudden
keys : ①B ②C
9、An Accidental Invention P43 3a
accidental adj.意外的，偶然的
accidentally adv.意外地，偶然地； 意外失误地= unexpectedly
do sth. by accident/chance = do sth. accidentally 偶然做某事；意外做某事▲▲▲
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事；偶然做某事
happened to be done 偶然被做….；碰巧被做…..
【小试牛刀】
①There were a large number of ___________(accident) inventions in the history, such as calligraphy pen.
②Lina ____________(accident)found a boy was making beautiful cards in the street.
③I met one of my closest friends accidentally.(改为同义句)
= I met one of my closest friends_________ _________.
=I ________ _________ meet one of my closest friends.
keys : ① accidental ②accidentally ③by accident/chance = happened to
10、Do you know that tea , the most popular drink in the world(after water), was invented by accident P43 3a
by accident 偶然；意外地= by chance=accidentally ▲▲▲
on purpose故意地;有目的地▲▲▲
【小试牛刀】
①I'm sure you didn't do it _______ ________(故意地)and it can't be helped.
keys : ①on purpose
11、It’s said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink. 据说，一个叫神农的中国统治者是第一个发现茶可以作为饮料的人。P43 3a
（1）It’s said that +从句 据说…… =主语 be +动词过去分词 to do sth.▲▲
类似结构：It’s said that Chen Weli has finished his homework. =Chen Weili is said to have finished his homework.
①It is reported that…据报道▲▲ ②It is believed that…大家相信 ▲▲
③It is well known that…众所周知▲▲ ④It is thought that…大家认为 ▲▲
⑤It is suggested that…据建议　▲▲
（2）ruler n.统治者，管理者；裁定者；尺子，直尺
（3）drink v.喝，饮；喝酒；饱览，欣赏drink-drank-drunk
n.饮料；一杯，一口，一份（饮料）；酒，酒精饮料
【小试牛刀】
①It’s said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.(改为同义句)
= A Chinese ruler called Shen Nong _________ _________ the first to discover tea as a drink.
keys:① was said
12、One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fire . 一天，神农正在篝火上烧水。 P43 3a
（1）boil drinking water 烧开水；煮开水；煮沸饮用水
boil v.（使）沸腾，煮沸，烧开 n.煮沸，沸腾
boiling/boiled adj. boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 开水
（2）over an open fire 在户外的火上；在篝火上
fire n.失火，火灾；火焰；炉火，灶火；射击，火力；怒火，激情
v.射击，开火
on fire adv. 着火；起火；在兴头上；非常激动 on the fire 在审议中；在考虑中
fire on/at v. 向……射击/开火▲ set fire 纵火
13、Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.一些茶树的叶子掉到水里，在那里停留了一段时间。P43 3a
（1）fall v. 降落，落下；跌倒，倒塌；（水平、数量、价格等）下跌，减少fall → fell → fallen
fall down 摔倒，（强调“滑倒，摔倒”，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾语时，应加上介词from）
fall off 指从某物上跌落下来=fall down from▲▲▲
fall into 落入 fall behind 落后 fall/be in love with sb. 爱上某人▲▲▲▲
fall asleep 入睡 fall over 绊倒 fall ill 生病
（2）remain v.逗留，留下；剩余，遗留；保持不变▲
n.剩余（物），遗迹，遗址；遗体，残骸
①remain可用作不及物动词、系动词、不可用于被动结构。remain主要用作不及物动词，常与away ，behind， in，of，on，out，up等介、副词连用，表示各种附加意义等。
Peter became a manager, but Jack remained a worker. 彼得成为了一个经理，而杰克仍然是个工人。
Whatever achievements you’ve made, you should remain modest. 无论你取得多么大的成就，你都该保持谦虚。
He had to remain in hospital until he was better. 他不得不一直住院直到身体好些。
用作不及物动词，意思是“剩下；剩余；遗留”，此时不能用进行时态，也没有被动语态。
After the fire, very little remained of his house. 火灾过后，他的家所剩无几。
After the earthquake, very little remained of the city of Tangshan. 地震过后，唐山这座城市所剩无几。
②remain作系动词用表示“一直保持”、“仍然(处于某种状态)”、“继续存在”、“依然”等。后面可以接名词、形容词、介词、分词等作表语。
▲接分词作表语
接过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的状态或已经发生的被动动作；现在分词作表语，表示正在进行的主动动作。
The guests came in, but she remained sitting at the desk reading.客人们都来了，但她还坐在写字台旁读书。
③As before, he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷。
….remain to be seen 尚不确定；说不准 ; 拭目以待
…remain to be done …有待去做
The fact remains that….不能忽略的是…
There remain/remains ……剩下；还有
remaining adj. 剩下的 (常作前置定语；而left则只能作后置定语。)
（3）some time一段时间；一些时间
辨析：sometimes ，some times ，sometime ， some time
sometimes 有时候。=at times=from time to time也是“有时”的意思。提问用how often
some times 几次/倍。time作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。How many times
sometime 某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。提问用when
some time 一段时间 常与for连用。对它提问用how long 。
口诀记忆：①尾有s, “几次几倍”分开，“有时”相聚▲▲▲
②尾无s分开“一段时间” ；相聚“某个时候”。▲▲▲
【小试牛刀】
①Tim’s grandma _________ the bike and got badly hurt.
A. fell down B. fell off C. fell into D. fell asleep
②As soon as I arrived in Chongqing for the first time, I __________ this magical city.
A. fell in love with B. caught up with C. came up with D. went on with
③Study harder, or you will__________ the other classmates, Lily.
A. fall over B. fall into C. fall off D. fall behind
④The little girl fell off the bike three hours ago.(改为同义句)
= The little girl _______ ________ _______the bike three hours ago.
⑤My father fell__________ (sleep) the minute he lay on the bed.
⑥In spite of their quarrel, they remain ___________(friend).
Keys: ①B②A③D④ell down from ⑤asleep⑥the most friendly
【小试牛刀】
①My grandma can’t __________ think of my name.
A. some times B. sometimes C. sometime D. some time
②Lily bought this bike __________ in 2012n
A. some times B. sometimes C. sometime D. some time
③The Greens have been to the Great Wall ____________.
A. some times B. sometimes C. sometime D. some time
④We have waited for Tom for____________.
A. some times B. sometimes C. sometime D. some time
keys ①B②C③A④D
14、It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water. 它发出一种很好的气味，所以他尝了尝棕色的水。 P43 3a
（1）produce 详见Unit5
（2）smell n.气味；臭味；嗅觉；嗅，闻
v.有……气味，发出......的气味；闻出，闻到；
sense of smell 嗅觉 smell out 嗅出；察觉
▲smell和taste的区别
taste通过【嘴巴以味觉】去感受,尝起来怎么样
smell通过【鼻子以嗅觉】去感受,闻起来怎么样
15、A few thousand years later， Lu Yu, “the saint of tea” mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing . 几千年后，有“茶圣”陆羽,他在《茶经》中提到了神农。P43 3a
saint n.（基督教追封的）圣者，圣徒；圣人，道德高尚的人
v.把……正式封为圣者（或圣人），封圣
adj.高尚的，圣贤的
16、The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. 这本书描述了茶树是如何种植和用来泡茶的。P43 3a
describe v.描述 describe sth./sb. to ….向…描述….▲▲
description n.描述，形容
17、It also discuss where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kind of water were used. 它还讨论了最好的茶叶是在哪里生产的，以及使用什么样的水。P43 3a
18、It’s believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries. 据说茶是在6世纪和7世纪被带到韩国和日本的。P43 3a
It’s believed that 从句 人们认为…..
19、In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660. but in less than 100 years, it hadn’t become the national drink. 在英国，茶直到1660年左右才出现。但在不到100年的时间里，它并没有成为国民饮料。P43 3a
（1）not….until 直到….才…..（时间状语从句）▲▲▲▲▲
until conj. 到……时，直到……为止
prep. 到……时，直到……为止；直到（某处）:
until （即是介词又是连词）要区分开哪种情况是介词及连词
区 别 介词（prep.）until后接的不是句子
连词（conj.）until后接的是句子 I didn’t go to bed until my mother came back.
共同点 当谓语动词为延续性动词时，用肯定形式 当谓语v为非延续性动词时，用否定形式
译成：直到…时/到…为止 译成：在...以前/直到...才
▲until和till区别
until conj. 到……时，直到……为止
prep. 到……时，直到……为止；直到（某处）
till prep.直到，到……为止till the end of life 直到生命的最后一刻;直到生命消逝
conj.直到，到……为止
till是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而在那个时刻之后，该事情或状况仍将持续。until是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而讲话的人在自己心里认为，在那个时刻之后，该事情或该状况将中止（不怎么可能持续）。
（1）用于肯定句作“直到……为止”解时，主句的动词一般是延续到till/until所表示的时间为止。例如：
He waits till/until the children are asleep. 他等着直到孩子们睡熟。
I shall stay here till/until twelve o'clock. 我将留在这里一直到十二点钟。
（2）用于否定句作“在……以前”、“直到才”解时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到till/until所表示的时间才发生。例如：
He didn't come till/until late in the morning. 他直到早上很迟才来。
He didn't arrive till/until the game had begun. 直到比赛开始他才到。
注意：主句为一般将来时，till/until引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：
The bus will not go till/until all the people get on it. 直到所有的人都上了车，车才开走。
（3）用于延续性动词的肯定或否定句中，till/until和not... till/until...其含义不同。例如：
The meeting continued until /till 7:00. 会议一直开到七点。
We didn't have the meeting until /till 7:00. 直到七点我们才开始会议。
（4）如何判断主句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式
“until” 在否定句后面有“before”（在……以前的时候）的意思，比较着重从某时以前的一个时期，通常可用“before”代替。
Angel did not leave school until (or: before) eight p. m.
直到晚上八点，安琪儿才离开学校。 (八点前，安琪儿仍在学校。)
同学在用 “until”时，不妨用 “before”代入，看看句子的意思有否因中文的习惯而表达错误了。再看下面的例子：
(×) The teacher will give the answer until we have finished the exercise.
若用“before” 代替“until”，同学很快发现此句的意思有点不合情理。故应将 “until”前面的子句写成否定句：
(√) The teacher will not give the answer until we have finished the exercise.
直到我们完成作业，老师才给我们答案。（在我们未完成作业前，老师是不会给我们答案的。）
（5）用于“not...until...”的句式可以转换成when 或after引导的时间状语从句，但主句必须要用肯定形式。例如：
They didn't get off until the train came to a complete stop.
=They got off after the train came to a complete stop. 火车停了他们才下车。
The student won't come into the classroom until the teachers finish their work.
=The students will come into the classroom when the teachers finish their work.
当老师们完成工作时，学生们将走进教室。
（6）用于“It is / was not until+ (被强调部分) + that+(其它成分) ”或含有“not...until...”的强调结构中，其中的until不能改为till。例如：
It was not until the film had begun that he arrived. 直到电影开始他才到。
It is not until 8:00 that we begin our class every day. 我们每天八点开始上课。
（7）Not until放在句首时，句子要倒装，其中的until不能改为till 。例如：
Not until the last moment did he change his mind. 直到最后一刻他才改变主意。
Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到午夜雨才停。
（8）句首通常只用until,不用till。例如：
Until then, I knew nothing at all about it. 在那之前，我对此事一无所知。
Until you told me I had no idea of it. 在你告诉我之前，我对此一无所知。
（9）when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying 你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
（10）某些固定词组或谚语中通常只用till。例如：
from morning till night 从早到晚。 up till now直到现在
（2）around adv.围绕，环绕；大约；周围，四周
prep.围绕，环绕；到处，向各处；在那边，到那边；在……周围，在附近；大约，大概；以……为中心；避开，绕过
（3）national adj.国家的，全国的
n.国民，侨民
nation n.国家，民族；国民
international adj.国际的，国际上的
（3）had +done 过去完成时（讲义另附）
【小试牛刀】
①I ____ go to bed____ my mother came back home.
A．won’t, until B．didn’t, until C．will, until D．/, when
②（2024年江西吉安中考）In the Chinese tradition, people won’t start eat _______the elders take their seats.
A. after B. because C. until D. although
③Wang Fang won’t leave for Shanghai until she finishes her homework.(改为同义句)
=Wang Fang __________leave for Shanghai __________she finishes her homework.
= Wang Fang __________ leave for Shanghai __________she finishes her homework.
keys :①B ②C③ won’t ; before = will ; after
20、The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. 从中国到西方国家的茶叶贸易发生在19世纪。P43 3a
（1）trade n.贸易，买卖
v.做买卖，做生意
trader n.交易者；商人；商船
（2）take place 发生；举行
happen往往表示事情的发生带有偶然性, happen是一般用语
take place常指按计划“发生”。
21、This helped to spread the popularity of tea and the tea plant to more places around the world 这有助于将茶和茶树传播到世界上更多的地方P43 3a
spread v.展开，打开；张开，伸开（手臂、手指、腿）；扩散，蔓延；传播，传染；散布
spread over 传遍，延续；遍布于… spread across 传遍；席卷
spread around 分散；扩散
22、Even though many people now know about tea culture, the Chinese are without doubt the ones who best understand the nature of tea. 尽管现在很多人都知道茶文化，但中国人无疑是最了解茶的本质的人。P43 3a
（1）even though虽然，即使
even though和even if的区别 详见 Unit 4 考点37
（2）know about 了解，知道……的情况；知道关于
learn about 得知；获悉
（3）without doubt无疑地；毫无疑问；无可置疑地
doubt v.怀疑，不确定n.怀疑，不确定
There is no doubt that +从句 毫无疑问；毫无怀疑的是；毋庸质疑 =It’s no doubt that…..▲▲▲▲▲
in doubt 可怀疑的；不能肯定的
doubt about v. 怀疑 have doubts about 怀疑
There is no deny that +从句 不可否认…..▲▲▲
（4）one、ones、that 、those的区别
▲one可以代替与前面同类不同一的事物；可以代替某类事物中的任何一个；可以做同位语，重复指代前面的事物，其后有定语从句用以进一步说明前面的名词。
one表泛指，相当于a/an+名词。
one只能代替可数名词，其复数形式是ones。
one可以根据语义在它的前面或后面加上一些定语。
one前面不能直接加不定冠词（a / an）或物主代词，one前已经有形容词时，则可以加不定冠词或物主代词；one前加the与否，取决于是否特指，如果特指就加the。
one既可以代指物，也可以代指人。
▲that代替与前面同类不同一的事物。
that表特指，相当于the+名词。
它可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。代替可数名词时，复数形式为those。
that可以根据语义在它的后面加上一些定语，多数是of短语；它的前面不能存在任何定语。
that只能代指物。
▲▲it，that，the one
⑴.替代泛指的单数名词，通常用one。
替代泛指的复数名词，通常用ones。
如：I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一个新的。
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
⑵.替代特指的单数名词，可用 it， that， the one。
替代特指的复数名词，通常用the ones。
如：Don’t buy the expensive apples; buy the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
①one只能代替可数名词，复数形式ones；而that 代替不可数名词也可代替可数名词，复数形式those。
例如：There are a lot of apples in the basket, please pick out the bad ones.
The weather in Beijing is colder than that in shanghai.
② it与 that 的区别是：表示同一事物时，用it；表示同类事物时，用 that 或 the one。
例如：The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it.这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。（it 在此指前面提到的 the weather）
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。（that 在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类
③ 替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用 the one。
如：Who is her husband —The one by the window.
哪位是她的丈夫？窗户边的那一位。
注意：当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用 it。
④ one的定语除了前置的形容词、指示代词this ,that 外，还有后置的形容词、从句或短语；而that不能有前置修饰语,一般是后置的短语、分词或定语从句。
例如：This bag is too small. Please give me a bigger one.
This school is the one that we visited last week.
The air in the countryside is fresher than that in cities.
The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。
（5）the nature of tea茶的本质
nature n.大自然，自然界；性格，秉性；本质
in nature 本质上，事实上 by nature 天生地；生性
【小试牛刀】
①(多选)The story he told us was more interesting than _____________we heard yesterday.
A. it B. that C. the one D. those
②（多选）Teachers like the students working hard, especially___________ who are active in thinking.
A. them B. ones C. those D. the ones
③The book you bought yesterday costs less than ___________I had bought before.
A. it B. one C. that D. those
④The cars made in China are not inferior to___________ made abroad.
A. it B. those C. that D. ones
⑤(多选)I prefer the classroom with enough light rather than ___________with little light.
A. the one B. that C. the ones D. those
⑥The population of China is much larger than _________ of the USA.
A. those B. the one C. the ones D. that
⑦There is no doubt that Tom has known about the truth more or less.(改为同义句)
= __________ ________ ________ that Tom has known about the truth more or less.
=_______ ________, Tom has known about the truth more or less.
keys : ①BC ②CD ③C ④B ⑤AB ⑥D ⑦It’s no doubt = Without doubt
Grammar Focus :Active Voice and Passive Voice
23、Our parents advised us not to go out alone . P44 4a
advise 的用法（详见Unit3 考点16）
24、Different writers translated the book into different languages. P44 4a
translate v.译，翻译;（使）转变，（使）变化
translate ……into…… 将…….翻译成…… ▲▲
translation n.翻译；译文，译本；译词，译语,转变，转化
translator n.（尤指从事笔译的）译者，翻译家；翻译机，翻译程序
25、The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers ________to a safe place. P44 4b
（1）earthquake n.地震；大动荡
（2）all of a sudden 突然地，出乎意料地
sudden adj.突然的，意外的 n.突然发生的事
suddenly adv.突然地，出乎意料地=all of a sudden ▲▲▲
【小试牛刀】
①Suddenly, the boy who is wearing a red T-shirt didn’t catch up with others.(改为同义句)
________ ________ ________ ________, the boy who is wearing a red T-shirt_______ _______ others.
keys : ①All of a sudden ; fell behind
Section B
26、sweet adj.含糖的，甜的 n.<英>糖果；甜食
salty adj.咸的，含盐的
salt n.盐，食盐（=common salt）
v.给（食物）加盐调味
crispy adj.（食物的外皮）松脆的,易碎的
sour adj.酸的，酸味的；（牛奶等）馊（味）的，酸臭的
v.（使）（关系、情况）变糟，变坏；（使）变酸，（使）酸腐
n.有酸味的酒精饮料；酸味；苦事
27、Potato chips were invented by mistake. P45 1c
by mistake 错误地 do sth by mistake （无意中）做错某事;误做某事▲▲
mistake n错误，过失
v.误解，误会；错误判断；把……误认为
make mistake(in…..)在….. 犯错 mistake…..for…… 把…错认为▲▲▲
【小试牛刀】
①I took your bag instead of mine_________.
A. by far B. by chance C. by mistake D. by the way
②---Today's officials often make mistakes__________ their lifestyles in China, especially in their corruption and private lives.
--- They're not just making mistakes, they are violating party disciplines and nation laws.
A. in B. on C. about D. for
③People usually mistakes Lucy _________ Lily.
A. as B. in C. for D. from
keys :① C②A③C
28、Basketball is much -loved and active sport that is enjoyed by many for fun and exercise. 篮球是一项非常受欢迎和活跃的运动，许多人喜欢它作为娱乐和锻炼。P46 2b
much -loved深受喜欢的；深受喜爱的
active adj.好动的；积极主动的；活跃的 positive
passive消极的，被动的 negative 悲观的，消极的
29、It is over 100 years old and is played by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries. 它有100多年的历史，在200多个国家有超过1亿人在玩。P46 2b
30、Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith, who was born in 1861.
When he was a college teacher, he was asked to think of a game that could be played in the winter.
31、Dr. Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play his new game. 奈史密斯博士把班上的男生分成两组，教他们玩他的新游戏。 P46 2b
divide v.（使）分开，分散；除，除以
n.差异，分歧
divide ……into 把……分成…..▲▲▲
▲英语中的“加、减、乘、除”表达
①“加”用 plus 表示，也可以直接用 and 表示；
plus prep.加；外加
n.加号，正号；（数字的）加法；好处
②“等于”往往可以直接使用 is或者 equal(s) 表示，另外还可以使用 make(s) 表示
equal adj.（在数量、大小、程度、价值方面）相等的，相同的；平等的，同等的
v.（在大小、数字、数量上）等于；结果为
is equal to 等于
③“减”用 minus 表示；
“等于”往往可以直接使用 is或者 equals 表示，另外还可以使用 leaves 表示
minus prep. 减，减去 n. 减号，负号 adj.小于零的，负的；不利的，负面的；阴性的，负电的
④“乘”用 times 表示；“等于”直接使用 is或者 equal(s) 表示
⑤除法的表示一般使用 divided by “除以”；“等于”直接使用 is或者 equals 表示
“10÷5=2”可以表示为"Ten divided by five is/equals two."
“5*2=10”可以表示为"Five times two is/equals ten."
“15-7=8”可以表示为"Fifteen minus seven leaves eight."
“7+8=15”可以表示为"Seven and/plus eight makes fifteen."
【小试牛刀】
①__________ the best in them, Dr Green ________them ___________two teams.
A. Bring out ; took; back B. To bring out; divided ; into
C. Brought out ; was divided ; into D. To bring out ; divides ; into
keys : ①B
32、Players on the same team must work together to get the ball in the other team's basket. 同队的队员必须合作把球投到对方的篮里。P46 2b
work together to do sth. 一起协作做某事▲
33、At the same time, they need to stop the competing team from getting the ball into their own basket. 与此同时，他们需要阻止对手把球打进自己的篮筐。P46 2b
stop/keep/prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止/防止某人/某物做某事▲▲
stop/prevent sb./sth.（from） doing sth. 阻止/防止某人/某物做某事
keep sb./sth. doing sth. 使…..一直做….
the competing team对手
【小试牛刀】
①To avoid letting the others get high scores , we should do something useful to stop the others _________ finishing the task so easily.
A. in B. on C. at D. from
keys : ①D
34、Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world, with many young people dreaming of becoming famous players. 今天，篮球在世界各地的受欢迎程度已经上升，许多年轻人梦想成为著名的运动员。P46 2b
（1）popularity n.流行，普及，受欢迎
enjoy great popularity 享有盛誉
（2）dream n. 梦；梦想
v. 做梦，梦见；梦想，想象
▲dream搭配
dream of：渴望;考虑 除表示“梦见”“梦到”外，还可表示一种虚幻的想象，即“幻想”“梦想”，也可表示一种渴望已久且有可能实现的愿望，即“渴望”。
dream about：梦见，梦到。梦见(关于……的详情，即，梦到，且更着重内容的细节）
▲dream作不及物动词
①表示“做梦”。如：Do you often dream at night 你在夜里经常做梦吗？
②表示“梦见”，后面接about短语。如：I sometimes dream about my parents.我有时梦见我的父母。
③表示“渴望、向往、考虑”，后面接of短语。如：He has dreamt of wealth and happiness.他渴望富有和幸福。
▲dream作及物动词
①表示“梦见”，后面接名词或代词。如：I dreamed the beautiful sea.我梦见过美丽的海。
②表示“梦到、梦想到”，后面接that引导的宾语从句。如：I dreamt that he would come.我梦到他要来。
③表示“想象、想”，后面接what引导的宾语从句。如：
He was dreaming what he could buy with the sum of money.他正想象着用这笔钱能买什么。
④表示“想、梦想”，后面接“疑问词+不定式”。如：
She dreamed how to finished her task.她想如何完成她的任务。
⑤表示“梦想到”，后面接带有不定式的复合宾语，常用于否定句。如：
I never dreamed him to go to college.我连做梦也没想到他会上大学。
⑥表示“做……梦”，后面接同源宾语。如：I dreamed a good dream last night.昨晚我做了一个美梦
▲dream作名词
①表示“梦”，作主语或宾语。如：
He said he had a bad dream.他说他做了一个噩梦。
②表示“愿望、心愿”。如：Your dream has come true.你的愿望变成了现实。
③表示“想象、幻想、美妙的人或事物、梦中的欢乐”。如：
She was a perfect dream.她美得像梦中的仙女似的。
35、Basketball has not only become a popular sport to play, but it has also become a popular sport to watch. 篮球不仅成为了一项受欢迎的运动，而且也成为了一项受欢迎的观看运动。P46 2b
▲not only…..but also …不但…..而且…… 详见Unit 2 考点28
“not only … but also …”是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both … and …”，但侧重点放在“but also”上，另外该词组使用时须遵守一定的规则，如要求对称，倒装及主谓一致等。
not only……but also“不但…..而且…….”结构▲▲▲▲▲
（1）Not only A + but also B+ 谓语动词（与B保持一致，B决定谓语动词单复数形式）▲▲▲▲▲
Not only Tom’s parents but also his grandfather has praised him.= Both Tom’s parents and his grandfather have praised him.
（2） not only … but also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。▲▲▲▲▲
Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
　 Not only did he speak English correctly，but also he speaks it fluently(流利).
　 Not only is this young man clever but also he is hardworking（勤奋的，刻苦的）.
Not only had the poor man been fined（罚款）, but also he had been sent to prison.
【小试牛刀】
①Not only _________ finished reading this books , but Wang Lin also has done .
A. Tom has B. has Tom C. does Tom D. Tom was
②Not only Lucy’s parents but also her brother__________ her for her good behavior till now
A. praise B. has praised C. praising D. praises
③Both Mr. Green and Mrs. Green speak Chinese very fluently. (改为同义句)
__________ _________Mr. Green _________ _________Mrs. Green speaks Chinese very fluently
keys : ①B②B③Not only; but also
36、The number of foreign players, including Chinese players, in the NBA has increased. 包括中国球员在内的外国球员在NBA的数量有所增加。P46 2b
（1）the number of+可数名词复数/ 代词宾格+谓语动词（单数） 表示“……的数目”
拓展：a number of 、the number of的区别▲▲▲▲▲
a（big/large/great/small）number of +可数名词复数/ 代词宾格+谓语动词（复数） ▲
①a big/large/great number of +可数名词复数/ 代词宾格+谓语动词（复数） 大量的….
②a small number of +可数名词复数/ 代词宾格+谓语动词（复数） 少量的
the number of+可数名词复数/ 代词宾格+谓语动词（单数） 表示“……的数目”▲
The number of the trees we planted this year has increased to 6000 and a great number of them are cypress.
（2）increase 详见Unit 1 Section B
（3）including 详见Unit 3 Section B 知识点8
【小试牛刀】
①---___________ the tourists that come to Chongqing to have a visit has increased to 6.5 million. After all, it was 4.5 million last year.
---It’s said that __________ the tourists choose to visit Li Zi Ba Subway Station.
A. A big number of ; the number of B. The number of ; a lot
C. The number of ; a large number of D. A big number of ; quite a lot of
②The number of the trees which are planted by us ___________(have) increased to 15 thousand. And a small of them ___________(be) white poplar.
keys : ①C ②has ; are
37、Many young people look up to this basketball heroes and want to become like them. P46 2b
look up to 尊敬;敬仰;尊重have a great deal of respect for;▲▲▲
have a great deal of respect for sb.非常尊敬的人=respect sb. very much/ a lot.▲▲▲
respect n.尊敬，敬重；重视，尊重; 问候，敬意（respects）
v.尊敬，敬佩
respect sb.尊重某人 respect sb./sth as 将某人/某物尊为…..
have respect for 尊敬；重视
look up at抬头看；往上看
【小试牛刀】
①Chinese people have a great deal of respect for Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou , because they were dedicated to the public.(改为同义句)
= Chinese people _________ ________ _________Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou_______ _______ , because they were dedicated to the public.
= Chinese people __________Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou _______ _______, because they were dedicated to the public.
keys : ①look up to ; a lot/ very much = respect ; a lot/ very much
38、These stars encourage young people to work hard to achieve their dreams. . P46 2b
（1）encourage v.鼓励，激励；鼓动，怂恿；刺激，促进
vt. 鼓励;怂恿；激励；支持
第三人称单数 encourages现在分词 encouraging过去式 encouraged过去分词 encouraged
encouragement n. 鼓励 ▲
①be a big encouragement to…..对….是巨大的鼓励
②encourage sb. (not) to do sth. 鼓励某人（不）做某事▲▲▲
③encourage sb. in ……在…方面鼓励某人▲▲▲
④encourage doing sth. 鼓励做某事▲
courage n. 勇气，胆量▲
▲拓展：support v.支持，拥护
n.支持，拥护;援助;赞助，资助；支撑物，支柱；抚养，供养
①support sb. (not) to do sth. 鼓励某人（不）做某事 ▲▲▲
②support sb. in ……在…方面鼓励某人▲▲▲
（2）achieve vt.（经过努力）取得；实现；获得 vi. 达到预期目的 achievement n. 成绩，成就
Sb. +achieve/realize +梦想/目标 ▲
【小试牛刀】
①Even though what Miss Zhang does is a small action for herself , it is a big ___________(encourage) to 他the poor boy.
②Our headmaster always encourage us ____________(overcome) all the difficulties with ____________(encourage)whenever we meet along the way to success.
keys ； ①encouragement ②to overcome ; courage
39、Complete the mind map with the information in the passage. P47 2c
the mind map思维导图
40、Use the mind map to summarize what you and your partner remember about the development of basketball. 用思维导图来总结你和你的搭档对篮球发展的记忆。 P47 2d
summarize v.总结，概述
41、What are the professional basketball groups in American and China P47 2d
professional adj.职业的，专业的
profession n.（尤指需要长期训练和正规资格的）职业；
professor n.教授;研究员
associate professor 副教授；副研究员；副传授；准教授
assistant professor 助理教授；助教授；副教授助理；传授
【小试牛刀】
①Quan Hongchan is one of this country's top__________ (profession) sportsmen.
②---In China, their behaviors and views on politics are unbefitting of university ____________(profession).
---Maybe some of the professors are spies or traitors. No wonder they put forward proposals to pit the country and its people.
keys :①professional ②professors
42、It’s hard to tell who came up with the idea first. 很难说是谁先想到这个主意的。 P48 Self check.
It’s hard to tell/say+从句 很难说….▲
come up with 提出；想出=think up/of▲
【小试牛刀】
①Although it’s hard to say who thought of this opinion for the first time, it is really good for food field.(改为同义句)
Although it’s hard to say who________ _______ ________ this opinion for the first time, it is really good for food field.
②---As far as I know, most of the professors in this country are spies or traitors.---_____________.
A. It’s a piece of cake B. It serves you right. C. It’s hard to say. D. It’s not a big deal
keys : ① come up with ②C
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