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高考英语:语法填空题
考点分析+解题策略+真题练习及答案
核心考点解析
冠词（无提示词）考查语法点：定冠词，不定冠词的用法在名词或“形容词＋名词”前缺少限定词时，要考虑冠词。不定冠词a/an表示泛指，可译作“一个/本/座/……”等；定冠词the表示特指，相当于“这，这些，那，那些”。另外，特指上文出现的或谈话双方心目中都知道的人或事物，用the；在序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的事物名词之前，用the。
2. 介词（无提示词）考查语法点：介词的基本用法及惯用搭配如果句子中不缺少主语或表语，动词后又不缺少宾语，则在名词或代词前一定是填介词。其次，还要注意短语搭配中介词的正确使用。
3. 连词或从句引导词（无提示词）考查语法点：各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法①连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时，应填并列连词and, or, but等。②若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那空格处必定是填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点，结合连接词的意义和用法，确定填具体的某个连词。
4. 谓语动词（有提示词）考查语法点：谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如果句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但所填的动词与之是并列关系时，则所给动词在句子中作谓语，这时，就要考虑时态和语态。有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。
5. 非谓语动词（有提示词）考查语法点: 非谓语动词及变形的使用若句中已有谓语动词，且所给动词也不是作并列谓语时，要填的词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.ing形式，v.ed形式还是不定式。确定的方法主要有：作主语或宾语，通常用v.ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体情况；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式；作伴随状语，通常用分词，若与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词(v-ing)，若是被动关系，用过去分词(v-ed)。
6. 词性转换（有提示词）考查语法点: 各类词性的正确使用及转化介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子。
7. 形容词的级（有提示词）考查语法点: 比较级的基本形式和句型通常，有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级。注意than等标志性词或上下文中暗含的比较；还要注意一些特殊句式，如：the＋比较级，the＋比较级；“否定词 can’t couldn’t ＋比较级”表示最高级等。
8. 代词（无提示词）考查语法点: 代词的基本用法因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当，而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查，所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时，通常填代词，包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。
技巧一：名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例：There are many students living at school，the (child) houses are all far from school．
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—复数的所有格children’s。
技巧二：动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。
例：A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
技巧三：代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。
例：The king decided to see the painter by (he).
由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。
技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前Imore／less和most／least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。
例：I am— —(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．
此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
技巧五：数词形式变化。
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式 once／twice
例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a (three).
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
技巧六：词的派生。
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)．
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。
此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。
技巧七：固定短语结构。
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。
例1：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。
例2：His boss was____angry as to fire him．
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...，所以，so是正解。
技巧八：从句引导词。
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。
例1：He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．
审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。
例2：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。
技巧九：短语动词结构。
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例1：The us consists____fifty states．
根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。
例2：Mrs. Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask for
leave to take_____of her．
生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。
技巧十：短语介词结构。
短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。
例1：Mr. Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。
例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him.
细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of，此题得解。
技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。
常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。
例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．
此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。
例2：____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．
横线处的词与后面可以构成both and，故答案为Both。
技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。
冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。
例1：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。
例2：Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。
例3：Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen.
第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。
例4：It was only one day left，_____，his father had no idea to answer him．
观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。
技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。
这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。
答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。
例：Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，能够较大地提高同学们在此题型上的得分率。
定语从句
1. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit ______(67) is driving your family crazy.
2. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone（石灰岩） mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______(64) are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ______(65) (painting).
3. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ______(67) lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the ______ (48)(develop) of chopsticks.
4. But Sarah, ______(64) has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
5. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ______(70) is not good for the health
6.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ______(66) showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes(67) (cause).
7. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started(68) (start) a soil-testing program ______(69) gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
8.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ______(62) she opened with her late husband Les.
9. They were well trained by their masters ______(64) had great experience with caring for these animals.
10. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________ (65) I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
11. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ (63) it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
12.In ancient China lived an artist ________ (61) paintings were almost lifelike.
13. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _______ (39) opened in 1759.
名词性从句
1.【难】As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______(70) thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
2.I'm not sure ______(61) is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
3.【同位从】While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______(61) they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
4. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on _______ (57) could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
5. (______(56) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
状语从句
__________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
定语从句
1. Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit ______(67) is driving your family crazy.（定语从句的关系代词） that/which
2. I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ______(64) are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ______(65) (painting). (定语从句的关系代词)that/which
3. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ______(67) lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.（定语从句引导词）who
4. But Sarah, ______(64) has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 定语从句who
5. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ______(70) is not good for the health. 定语从句which
6.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ______(66) showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes(67) (cause).（定语从句的关系代词）that which
7.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started(68) (start) a soil-testing program ______(69) gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.（定语从句的关系代词）that/which
8. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ______(62) she opened with her late husband Les. （定语从句的关系代词）which
9.They were well trained by their masters ______(64) had great experience with caring for these animals. （定语从句的关系代词） who/that
10. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________ (65) I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. (定语从句的引导词) when
11. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ________ (63) it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. （定语从句的关系副词） where
12.In ancient China lived an artist ________ (61) paintings were almost lifelike. (定语从句的关系代词) whose
13. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _______ (39) opened in 1759. (定语从句的关系代词) which/that
名词性从句
1.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______(70) thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.（从句引导词）how
2.I'm not sure ______(61) is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.（从句引导词）who
3.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______(61) they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.（同位语从句引导词） that
4. Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on _______ (57) could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. （宾语从句）what
5. ______(56) is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.(主语从句)What
状语从句
1. __________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. （时间状语从句）When/As

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