北师大版(2019)必修 第一册Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson2+3核心考点归纳(核心词+短语+句式+语法)素材

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北师大版(2019)必修 第一册Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson2+3核心考点归纳(核心词+短语+句式+语法)素材

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Unit 2-Lesson 2+3核心考点归纳
【核心词汇短语及用法归纳】
amazingly adv.惊人地,了不起的
[教材原句]
The team really come together tonight and played amazingly.
团队今晚确实很团结,比赛很惊人。
[归纳拓展]
(1)amazed adj.  感到惊讶的;惊人的
be amazed at/by 对……感到惊讶,被……吓一跳
be amazed to do 做……感到很惊讶
be amazed that 惊讶……
(2)amazing adj. 令人惊讶的
(3)amazement n. 吃惊,惊异
to one's amazement 令某人吃惊的是
[典例示范]
①You will be amazed at the progress we have made.
你将会对我们的进展感到惊讶。
②Many are amazed that Lunar New Year's Eve is not an official holiday now.
许多人大为吃惊,农历新年除夕现在不再是法定假日了。
③To my amazement,he came first.
使我吃惊的是,他居然第一个到。
benefit n.好处,益处
[教材原句]
As people often say,any exercise is better than none,but long distance running in particular,has a lot of benefits.
正如人们常说的,任何运动都比没有运动好,但长跑尤其有好处。
[归纳拓展]
(1)be of benefit(to)...  (对……)有益的
for the benefit of... 为了……的利益
(2)benefit vi. 有益于;受益于
benefit from... 从……中受益
(3)beneficial adj. 有益的
be beneficial(to...) (对……)有益的
[典例示范]
①Without specific information,it's hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices.
没有特定的信息,很难评估做出不同决定的代价或好处。
②We benefited greatly from this frank talk.
这次坦率的谈话使我们获益匪浅。
③Sunshine is beneficial to health.
阳光对健康有益。
[语境助记] 
I suggest you give up smoking for the benefit of your health.I believe that giving up smoking will be of benefit/be beneficial to you and it will also benefit your family a lot.In other words,your family will benefit from your stopping smoking.Especially heavy smokers will find the experience even more beneficial to them.
in case 以防万一
[教材原句]
The gloves and mouth guards also help,in case anything happens.
以防万一发生什么事,手套和护口器都有帮助。
[归纳拓展]
in case (that)  以防,万一(引导目的状语从句);如果,假使(引导条件状语从句)
in case of... 假如发生……;万一发生……
in no case 决不,在任何情况下都不(用于句首时句子要用部分倒装)
in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话
in any case 无论如何,总之
[典例示范]
①In no case will he turn against his country.
他决不会背叛自己的国家。
②In case of fire,ring the alarm bell.
万一失火的话,请按警铃。
③We'll finish the task in any case.
我们无论如何也要完成任务。
cheer up (使)高兴起来,(使)振作起来
[教材原句]
to cheer one up 使某人高兴起来
[归纳拓展]
(1)cheer sb.on  以喝彩声鼓励;为某人加油
(2)cheering adj. 令某人高兴的
cheerful adj. 快乐的,高兴的
cheerfully adv. 欢快地;愉悦地
[典例示范]
①A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on.
1 000名支持者挤进体育馆里为他们加油。
②Accompanied by cheerful music,we began to dance.
我们伴随着欢乐的乐曲跳起舞来。
③Debbie greeted her cheerfully,and they got down to business.
黛比愉快的跟她打了个招呼,便开始谈正事了。
equipment n.设备,装备
[教材原句]
It is a great sport for beginners-you do not need a gym membership or any special equipment.
对于初学者来说,这是一项伟大的运动,你不需要健身房会员或任何特殊设备。
[归纳拓展]
equip vt.        装备,配备
equip sb./sth.to do sth. 使某人/某物具备条件做某事
equip sb./sth.with sth. 用某物装备某人/某物
equip for... 为……做准备
be equipped with 配备有……(表示状态)
[典例示范]
①They are equipping themselves for a journey.
他们在为旅行准备行装。
②Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.
请自备一支铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。
③Owners of restaurants would have to equip them to admit disabled people.
餐厅老板将必须在餐厅里配备能够接纳残疾人的设施。
[名师点津] 
equipment是不可数名词,没有复数形式,表示数量时,用piece修饰,a piece of equipment表示“一件设备”。
be fed up with 厌烦的,不满的,无法再忍受的
[教材原句]
I'm a bit fed up with getting sick all the time.我一直有点厌烦生病。
[归纳拓展]
fed up     不愉快的;厌烦的
feed...on/with... 用……喂养……
feed on... 以……为主食;以……当饲料
feed up... 给……吃营养食物;养肥;使吃饱
feed...to... 把……喂给……
[典例示范]
①After working in the business world for a while,Low got fed up.
在生意界工作了一段时间后,Low厌烦了。
②Bats fly at night and feed on insects and fruit.
蝙蝠在夜间飞行,以昆虫和水果为食物。
③I'm really fed up with this constant rain.
我真的对这连绵不断的雨烦透了。
prevent vt.预防;阻止,阻挡
[教材原句]
Running will help you get fit and prevent diseases.
跑步会帮你变得健康和预防疾病。
[归纳拓展]
prevent sth.       阻止某事
prevent sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
[典例示范]
①Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered,we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.
虽然癌症的病因正被逐步揭开,但我们尚未有任何切实可行的办法来预防它。
②He said this would prevent companies from creating new jobs.
他说这将使公司无法创造新的工作机会。
[名师点津] 
表示“阻止某人做某事”的短语还有:
keep sb.from doing sth.;stop sb.from doing sth.。
其中keep sb.from doing sth.中的from不可以省略,其他两个短语中的from可以省略;
在被动语态中from都不能省略。
remind vt.使(某人)想起,提醒
[教材原句]
Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silent.
观众们请注意,请关闭手机或调成静音。
[归纳拓展]
remind sb.      提醒某人
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做……
remind sb.of sb./sth. 使某人想起……
remind sb.that... 提醒某人……
[典例示范]
①He reminded me in time just as I would make the same mistake again.
他就在我差一点犯同样的错误时,及时提醒了我。
②The teacher reminded us to pay attention to the pronunciation of the new word.
老师提醒我们要注意这个生词的发音。
③The earrings remind me of my grandma.
这对耳环使我想起了我的奶奶。
④Please remind me that I should bring him a present for his birthday.
请提醒我给他带生日礼物。
relief n.减轻,缓解
[教材原句]
Even a thirty minute run will provide relief from any aches or tension that you may be suffering due to stress.
即使是三十分钟的跑步也能缓解你因压力而遭受的任何疼痛或紧张。
[归纳拓展]
to one's relief    使某人放心的是
give sb.relief from pain 使某人减轻痛苦
for the relief of... 为了救济……
breathe a sigh of relief 舒了一口气……
relieve sb.of... 解除某人的负担(痛苦)
[典例示范]
①Behind me I could hear other girls sigh in relief.
我能听到身后其他几个女孩都如释重负地松了口气。
②He watched with relief as the girl nodded.
女孩点头时他欣慰地看着。
③It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it.
能和别人谈谈这件事,感到舒心多了。
④He offered to relieve me of that heavy parcel.
他愿意帮我拿那件沉重的包裹。
satisfaction n.满意;满足
[教材原句]
Nothing gives one more satisfaction than realising that all the sweat and hard work was worth it in the end.
没有什么比意识到所有的汗水和辛勤工作最终是值得的更令人满意。
[归纳拓展]
(1)to one's satisfaction 令某人满意的是
find/feel satisfaction in/at... 对……感到满意
take satisfaction in... 对……感到满足;乐于……
with satisfaction 满意地
be far from satisfaction 令人很不满意
(2)satisfy vt. 使满意;使高兴
satisfied adj. 满足的;满意的
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
[典例示范]
①She smiled with satisfaction.
她满意地笑了。
②To our satisfaction,the problems were solved.
令我们满意的是,这些问题得到了解决。
③She was satisfied with the outcome of her efforts.
她对自己努力的结果很满意。
make sure 确保
[教材原句]
Make sure you are running the right amount that your heart,muscles and bones can take without getting hurt.
确保你跑的量正好合适,你的心脏、肌肉和骨骼能够承受而不受伤害。
[归纳拓展]
(1)make sure后面接的成分可以是of/about sth.或that从句,但一般不跟不定式。
(2)be sure of/about    确信……
be sure that... 确信……
be sure to do... 务必/一定/必定做
for sure 肯定,确切地
[典例示范]
①We can't make sure of your safety if you act without permission.
如果你擅自行动,我们不能确保你的安全。
②Make sure that the windows are shut when leaving home.
出门时务必关上窗户。
③Be sure to come to my birthday party if you have time.
如果你有时间,一定来参加我的生日聚会。
【核心句式】
[教材原句] 
It's never too late to start getting into running and exercising...
开始跑步和锻炼永远不会太迟……
[归纳拓展] 
句中的never too late to...表示“永远不会太迟”, too前有否定词never或not(即never/not too...to...),或者不定式前有not(即too...not to do...)时,这两种形式均表示肯定意义。
(1)too...to...结构,意为“太……而不能……”,too后面跟形容词(或副词),但当其后接形容词修饰单数可数名词时,要把不定冠词a(n)放在形容词之后。
(2)too...to...句式中,若too后接glad,pleased,happy,eager,anxious,willing,ready,easy等表示心情、情绪等的形容词,表示肯定意义,too相当于very。
[典例示范] 
①He is too weak to carry the box.
=He isn't strong enough to carry the box.
=He is so weak that he can't carry the box.
他太弱了,搬不动这个箱子。
②It was too hot a day for us to work.
天太热了,我们不能干活。
③They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.
他们看起来非常紧张,并且急于离开。
[教材原句] 
My friend suggested I should try long distance running.
我朋友建议我应该试一下长跑。
[归纳拓展] 
本句中should try是虚拟语气,suggest后面跟从句,从句谓语用should do形式,should可以省略。
在表示“坚持”、“命令”、“建议”、“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。
这类动词有人归纳为:
一个坚持insist
两个命令order, command
三个建议advise, suggest, propose
四个要求demand, require, request, ask
这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
[典例示范] 
①He insisted that I (should)go with them.
他坚持要我同他们一起去。
②He ordered that it (should)be sent back.
他命令把它送回去。
③The doctor advised/suggested that he (should)not smoke.
医生建议他不要抽烟。
④He requires that I (should)appear.
他要求我出场。
[名师点津] 
(1)动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气。
两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;
若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。
(2)动词suggest后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气。
两者的区别也是:若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气,此时suggest通常译为“建议”;
若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实,则要用陈述语气,此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。
【语法归纳】
[教材原句]
1.As people often say,any exercise is better than none,...
2....you do not need a gym membership or any special equipment.
3.I have no idea about it.
4.They meet here every Friday morning.
[现象解析]
不定代词,即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
不定代词大都可代替名词和形容词,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
除every 和no外,不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。
every和no在句中只能作定语。
[归纳拓展]
一、常见不定代词
可数/不可数 不定代词
代替可数名词 one,each,many,another,either,neither,(a)few
代替不可数名词 much,(a)little
代替可数/不可数名词 none,any,other,all,some,both
复合不定代词 anyone,anybody,anything;someone,somebody,something;everyone,everybody,everything;nobody,nothing
Not everything he said is right.
他说的不都对。
—Someone is waiting for you at the gate.
——有人在门口等你。
—But I don't know anyone here.
——但是我在这儿谁也不认识。
二、难点突破
几组常见不定代词的区别:
1.another,other,the other,others,the others
不定代词 词义 用法
another 另一个,又一个 用于三者或三者以上中的另一个,后接可数名词单数
other 其他的,另外的 后接复数名词或不可数名词
the other 两者中的另一个 常与one连用,构成one...the other...一个……另一个……
others 泛指别的人或物 是other的复数形式,不能作定语,常构成some...others...
the others 特指其余的人或物 是the other 的复数形式,常构成some...the others...
He is not free this weekend.Can we make it another day
他本周末没空,咱们能改天吗?(another指三者或三者以上当中某一个)
Some boys are planting trees and others are watering them.
有些男孩在栽树,剩下的人在给树浇水。(others泛指剩下的人或者物)
He has two twin sons.One is a lawyer while the other is a doctor.
他有一对双胞胎儿子,一个是律师,一个是医生。(the other指两者中另外一个)
Some of the boys in our class are standing and the others are sitting round them.
我们班几个男孩站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。(the others特指一个整体中除去一个或者一些之外剩下的人或物)
[名师点津] 
the rest也表示“剩下的,余下的”,可以用于“the rest of+名词”结构,也可以单独使用;作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于它所修饰的名词。
Some students are on the playground,and the rest are staying in the classroom.
一些学生在操场上,剩下的待在教室里。(the rest指代the other students,谓语动词用复数)
I drank only a little of the water.The rest was drunk by him.
我只喝了一点儿水,剩下的被他喝了。(the rest指代不可数名词the rest water,谓语动词用单数)
2.many,much,few,a few,little,a little
  区别意义   许多 有点/些(表示肯定) 几乎没有(表示否定)
可数 many a few few
不可数 much a little little
Living in Shanghai for a few years,yet he has made few friends there.
虽然在上海生活了几年了,但是他没交到几个朋友。(a few 与few都修饰可数名词,但是前者表示肯定,而后者表示否定)
Many of the high school students are studying hard to enter Peking University,but only a few of them were lucky enough.
许多高中生努力学习想进北大,但只有几个人幸运。(many 修饰可数名词,表示“许多”,而a few也修饰可数名词,表示“几个”。)
There is only a little oil left but we still have many miles to travel to get there.
只剩一点油了,但是要到那儿我们还有数英里的路要走。(a little修饰不可数名词,表示“一点儿”;many修饰可数名词,意为“许多”)
There is little time left,but we still have much to do.
几乎没时间了,但是我们还有好多工作要做。(little修饰不可数名词,表示否定;much修饰不可数名词,意为“许多”)
3.it,one,the one,ones,the ones,that,those
不定代词 用法
it 代替前面出现的可数名词单数,前面提到的某件事情、某种情况、某个动作以避免重复,也可以代替动词不定式短语、名词短语等。
one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数或a/an+adj.+可数名词单数,为泛指,指“同类当中的某一个”。
the one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数,为特指
ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数,为泛指。
the ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数,为特指,相当于those。
that 代替前面提到的“the+不可数名词”,也可代替前面提到的“the+可数名词单数”。
those 代替前面出现的可数名词复数,避免重复,且表示特指,后有定语修饰,可与the ones通用。
I want to own a house,one that is not big but very convenient.
我想拥有一座房子,不大但很方便的房子。(one指代a house,为同名异物,泛指同类当中的某一个)
—I lost my pen yesterday.Have you seen it
—Look at the one over there.
——我昨天丢了钢笔,你看见了吗?(it指代我昨天丢的钢笔,为同名同物)
——看看那边那支。(the one特指那边那支钢笔)
The weather in Hainan is warmer than that in Tianjin.
海南的天气比天津的暖和。(that指代不可数名词the weather,后有介词短语in Tianjin修饰)
I do not like scientific books.I like story ones.
我不喜欢科幻书,我喜欢故事书。(ones指代books,为泛指)
The houses made of stone are generally stronger than those/the ones made of wood.
用石头砌的房子通常比用木房结实。(those/the ones指代复数名词The houses,后有made of wood修饰,为特指)
The film is not as interesting as that/the one we saw together last week.
这部电影不如我们上周一块去看的那部有趣。(that/the one指代可数名词the film,后有从句we saw together last week修饰)
4.all,none,both,neither,either,each,every
不定代词 词义 用法
all 全部(三者或三者以上) 指代或修饰可数名词或不可数名词均可;可以带of短语
none 一个/点都没有(三者或三者以上) 指人指物均可;可接of短语;否定词
both 两个都 指代或修饰可数名词或不可数名词均可;可以带of短语。
neither 两者都不 指人指物均可;可接of短语;否定词。
either 任意一个(两者之间) 指人指物均可;可接of短语。
each 每一个(两者或两者以上) 指代或修饰可数名词;可以带of短语。
every 每一个(三者或三者以上) 修饰可数名词;不可单独使用,不可接of短语
Both of the plans sound reasonable.
这两个计划听起来都合情合理。(both表示两者都)
I don't like all of the subjects.
所有的科目我不都喜欢。(all表示三者或者三者以上都)
Either of the two plans sounds reasonable.
这两个计划听起来都合情合理。(either表示两者中任何一个)
Neither of the two plans sounds reasonable.
这两个计划听起来都不合理。(neither表示两者都不)
I like none of the subjects.
这些科目我都不喜欢。(none表示三者或者三者以上都不)
Every student can develop healthily now.
现在每个学生都能健康发展了。(every表示三者或者三者以上当中的每一个,不可接of短语,不可以单独使用)
Each of her son gave her presents for Mother's Day.
两个儿子每人都给了她母亲节礼物。(each表示两者或者两者以上当中的每一个,可以接of短语,也可以单独使用)

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