资源简介

课时作业(一)　Unit 1　Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
While shopping I came across a young woman who was trying on sneakers. She told me that she used to live in a village with her grandma, and now she just moved back to live with her mum. Her mum bought her some clothes and then asked her to get a new pair of sneakers. I told her I liked the shoes she was trying on. Hearing what I said, she seemed very excited.
As I began to end our conversation, I told her she should definitely get the sneakers if they were comfortable because they looked good on her. She asked me if they had layaway (分期预付购货) because the sneakers were a little bit too expensive for her, but she really liked them.
Her question took me back to my youth. I grew up relatively poor. Kids with money would make fun of my brother and me as they watched our mother pick furniture out of the trash. I was flooded with mixed emotions and with an urge to help her.
I asked her whether she would buy them if I were to give her $20 for the sneakers. She started crying immediately. It seemed like she wasn't sure if she should say yes. She accepted the money after I made up a white lie about winning some money the previous day. She took her sneakers, hugged me tightly, thanked me a hundred times, and ran right up to the register without looking at a single other item the store had.
1．What can we learn about the young woman
A．She missed her grandma.
B．She knew the author well.
C．She was not very wealthy.
D．She enjoyed shopping a lot.
2．What drove the author to help the young woman
A．The woman's begging expression.
B．The author's own experiences.
C．The price of the sneakers.
D．The beauty of the shoes.
3．Why did the author tell a white lie
A．To make the woman trust her.
B．To pretend she was rich enough.
C．To get the woman to buy the shoes.
D．To make the woman accept her help.
4．How did the young woman probably feel at the end of the story
A．Excited and grateful.
B．Sad and disappointed.
C．Ashamed but happy.
D．Angry but satisfied.
B
Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways Can they lie with their bodies and behaviour Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why Dishonesty often helps them survive.
Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator (掠食动物) gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.
Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.
Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.
Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will put out its hand to the other chimp. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.
Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.
As children, many of us learn the saying “You can't fool Mother Nature.” But maybe you can't trust her, either.
5．A plover protects its young from a predator by ________．
A．getting closer to its young
B．driving away the adult predator
C．leaving its young in another nest
D．pretending to be injured
6．What does the underlined sentence “Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky.” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Chimps are ready to attack others.
B．Chimps are sometimes dishonest.
C．Chimps are jealous of the winners.
D．Chimps can be selfish too.
7．Which of the following is true according to the passage
A．Some chimps lower their cries to keep food away from others.
B．The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.
C．Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.
D．Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.
8．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A．Do Animals Lie
B．Does Mother Nature Fool Animals
C．How Do Animals Learn to Lie
D．How Does Honesty Help Animals Survive
Ⅱ.完形填空
My parents were so proud of me, especially of something I accomplished. This is one of my happiest memories and, sadly, also the __1__ I have of my parents. They __2__ one evening when some drunken men crashed their car into them.
From then on, I was unaccompanied. I missed them greatly, but __3__ surprisingly well on my own. If they were alive, they would be most __4__ of the moment I met my best friend, Eliza Jones. I'm also most proud of that moment.
It was a June evening. I was seventeen years old and sitting on a tree branch, listening to the music the water created under the bridge. Just then I noticed a(n) __5__ appear on the bridge. Suddenly it stopped on the top of the bridge and __6__ to the river.
I shot up and launched myself at the falling figure. I had never swum at this __7__. I had to catch it; otherwise I would never forgive myself. I swam faster and faster and __8__ the figure. It was a girl, about my age. She asked me why I tried to __9__ her. I said I couldn't just look on when someone didn't __10__ her life. Then we talked and I found we both liked to read about fairies.
She told me she was a writer who wanted to travel around the world and write amazing fantasy novels. I was glad she had a __11__ for the future. Even so I wouldn't __12__ myself to ask her why she was so sad that she would throw away her wonderful __13__. I just said, “Tomorrow morning the sun will rise, bringing with it the __14__ of another start.” Minutes later, she said it was time that she should leave, but promised she would continue living well. After that I had a(n) __15__ memory of the bridge.
1．A.last B．longest
C．deepest D．easiest
2．A.married B．escaped
C．returned D．died
3．A.travelled B．played
C. changed D．managed
4．A.frightened B．proud
C. aware D．confident
5．A.accident B．poster
C．pattern D．figure
6．A.referred B．turned
C．jumped D．pointed
7．A.atmosphere B．speed
C．length D．chance
8．A.grasped B．discovered
C. created D．abandoned
9．A.rescue B．remember
C．support D．suspect
10．A.review B．treasure
C．check D．choose
11．A.negotiation B．target
C．talent D．preference
12．A.force B．refuse
C．relax D．adjust
13．A.occupation B．lesson
C．life D．suggestion
14．A.background B．operation
C．appointment D．promise
15．A.relative B．outstanding
C．fond D．common
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了回想起自己的贫穷生活经历的作者帮助一位不富裕的年轻女士买鞋子的故事。
1．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“She asked me if they had layaway because the sneakers were a little bit too expensive for her”可知，这双鞋对这位年轻女士来说有点太贵了，由此可推知她并不富裕。
2．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Her question took me back to my youth. I grew up relatively poor. 和I was flooded with mixed emotions and with an urge to help her. 可知，这位年轻女士的问题让作者回忆起自己儿时贫穷的生活经历，所以作者要帮助她。
3．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的She accepted the money after I made up a white lie about winning some money the previous day. 可知，年轻女士听了作者说的话后接受了这笔钱，所以作者说了善意的谎言是为了让她接受自己的帮助。
4．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句话可知，这位年轻女士买到了自己心仪的鞋子应感到很兴奋；她向作者多次表达感谢，说明她是满怀感激的。故选A项。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物也会“撒谎”，并举例说明了一些动物撒谎的行为。
5．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句话For example，a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. 可知，这种名叫鸻的鸟是通过假装受伤来引开捕食者，从而保护自己的雏鸟的。
6．答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第五段的内容可知，猩猩之间打架时，输的那一方会主动“握手言和”，而动物学家有一次发现输的那只猩猩借机抓住了另一方的手，再次引发了争斗。由此可推知，画线句的意思是猩猩也可能不诚实。故选B项。
7．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第六段中的But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.可知，一些猩猩找到食物时，会有意识地压低自己的叫喊声，以防被其他猩猩听到而分走它们的食物。
8．答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了动物也会“撒谎”，并举例说明了一些动物撒谎的行为。故A项(动物会撒谎吗？)适合作为本文的标题。
Ⅱ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在一座桥上救下了一个女孩，并且让她重燃对生活的希望的故事。
1．答案与解析：A　根据下文的They __2__ one evening when some drunken men crashed their car into them.可知，这是父母留给作者的最后的回忆。
2．答案与解析：D　根据本句中的some drunken men crashed their car into them可知，作者的父母因为车祸去世。
3．答案与解析：D　根据空后的surprisingly well on my own可知，没有父母的陪伴，作者一个人也能设法使自己生活得很好。
4．答案与解析：B　根据下文的I'm also most proud of...可知，作者为那一刻(的自己)感到骄傲，相信父母也会为那一刻(的自己)感到骄傲。
5．答案与解析：D　根据下文I shot up and launched myself at the falling figure.中的the falling figure可知，作者看到桥上出现了一个身影。
6．答案与解析：C　根据下文的I had never swum可知，那个身影跳入河中了。
7．答案与解析：B　根据空后的I had to catch it可知，作者只想抓住那个身影，于是以从未有过的速度游过去。
8．答案与解析：A　根据下文作者和那个人交谈可知，作者抓住了那个身影。
9．答案与解析：A　根据上文作者把那个女孩救上岸可知，此处指那个女孩问他为什么要救她。
10．答案与解析：B　那个女孩和作者年龄相仿，却想结束自己的生命，因此作者认为她不珍惜自己的生命。
11．答案与解析：B　根据上文那个女孩所说的话wanted to travel around the world and write amazing fantasy novels可知，那个女孩对未来有自己的目标。
12．答案与解析：A　根据语境可知，那个女孩没有告诉作者她伤心的原因，作者也不愿意强行去问。
13．答案与解析：C　作者不知道为什么那个女孩伤心到了想结束自己生命的地步。
14．答案与解析：D　根据常识可知，早晨的太阳常常被认为是新的开始的象征。
15．答案与解析：C　根据上文的I met my best friend, Eliza Jones可知，作者在桥上救了那个女孩的生命，并且让那个女孩重新燃起了对生活的希望，后来他们成了最好的朋友。由此可知，那座桥给作者留下了美好的回忆。课时作业(二)　Unit 1　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When people pause before replying to a question, even for just a few seconds, their answers are supposed to be less sincere and believable than if they reply immediately. And the longer the hesitation lasts, the less sincere the response appears.
Researchers conducted a series of experiments involving more than 7，500 individuals. Participants either listened to an audio record, viewed a video or read an account of a person responding to a simple question. In each case, the response time varied from an immediate response to a 10 second delay.Participants then rated the sincerity of the response on a sliding scale. Across all 14 experiments, participants consistently rated delayed responses less sincere regardless of the question.
The findings have wide connotations. Whenever people are interacting, they are judging each other's sincerity. These results can be applied to a wide range of interactions, going from workplace chats to arguments of couples and friends. Further, in job interviews and in court hearings and trials, people are often tasked with judgements of sincerity. And response speed could play a part too. In general, whenever there is a response that requires an answer, such as in a job interview, delayed responses can be thought as less sincere.
It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was sorted by mistake into thought control or answer making up when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful. The experiment also found that definitely instructing participants to ignore delayed response reduced, but did not completely remove the effect of delayed response on judgement of sincerity or guilt. Nevertheless, on the whole, a fast response seems to be regarded as more sincere, while a response that is delayed for even a couple of seconds may be considered a slow lie.
1．What does the reliability of answers lie in according to the study
A．The response time.
B．The contents of answers.
C．The tone of speakers.
D．The difficulty of questions.
2．What does the underlined word “connotations” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Choices.
B．Responsibilities.
C．Meanings.
D．Possibilities.
3．What effects does the study result have on our life
A．It is a test to judge honesty.
B．It can prevent a lot of crimes.
C．It improves skills in asking questions.
D．It promotes the harmony between people.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Delayed answers are lies.
B．It is unfair to require all to answer slowly.
C．Delayed answers can lead to misjudgement.
D．Delayed response should be ignored completely.
B
Born on May 27，1907 in Springdale, Pennsylvania, Rachel Carson became an avid explorer as well as reader, and took an interest in writing stories. By the age of 10, she had published her first story in St. Nicholas. She would often read this magazine, as well as many others that concerned with the natural world. In 1925, she finished high school at the top of her class—a class of 45 students.
Carson went on to attend the Pennsylvania College for Women, which is known as Chatham University now. This is where she ended up pursuing the sciences, more precisely, biology. She eventually attended Johns Hopkins University in 1929, continuing her studies in zoology and genetics.
Carson completed her master's degree in zoology in June of 1932, and went to work at a local radio station. Here she wrote educational broadcasts for a weekly radio show called Romance Under the Waters. This led her to her job at the U．S. Bureau of Fisheries, and she became just the second woman to be employed by the bureau.
In 1951, Carson had her book The Sea Around Us published, which explains the complexity of the ocean to non scientists. Carson wrote the book with poetry and science, and she intended to spark her readers a sense of the fragility of the world's ecosystem. The Sea Around Us made Carson the voice of public science in America, an internationally recognized authority on the oceans, and established her reputation as a nature writer of the first rank.
In 1962, Carson became well known when her most famous book Silent Spring was published. This book described the negative effects of pesticides on the environment. Her concern over pesticides dates back to the 1940s, but no one would take it seriously until this book was finally published. On April 14th, 1964, Carson passed away due to a heart attack but her work on preserving the environment has continued to this day. Silent Spring was even republished in 1994 with an introduction from then vice president Al Gore.
5．What do we know about Carson's early life
A．She was a big fan of St. Nicholas.
B．She worked part time at a radio station.
C．She pursued the sciences in high school.
D．She moved to Springdale at the age of 10.
6．According to the text, The Sea Around Us ________．
A．is a science book for professionals
B．was published after Carson passed away
C．aimed to raise public environmental awareness
D．has made Carson a fiction writer of international significance
7．What might be Al Gore's attitude towards Silent Spring
A．Critical. B．Ambiguous.
C．Sceptical. D．Approving.
8．Which words can best describe Carson
A．Talented and responsible.
B．Independent but serious.
C．Reliable and courageous.
D．Determined but proud.
Ⅱ.七选五
At some point in the near future, self driving cars may become common on the road. Self driving cars have already been test driven, but they are not yet available to the public.
Self driving cars have already been test driven thousands of miles. __1__ Passengers could do things such as eating or reading on the way. Best of all, the self driving cars that were tested experienced fewer accidents than average human drivers.
__2__ There are issues that must be solved before self driving cars can be made available to the public. One problem is that a car cannot predict problems far down the road like a driver can. __3__ For example, a driver can see that a child is riding her skateboard directly across the road 0.3 km away and start to slow down. A self driving car can react only once the child is in its immediate path.
__4__ They may become confused by fog, heavy rain, or road spray from another vehicle's wheels. They don't predict or “feel” that the roads have become icy like an experienced driver would. For instance, when a road is icy, a human driver would step on the brakes (刹车) more gently than when the roads are clean and dry.
Another issue is that self driving cars have maps programmed into their memory, but these maps aren't always updated and accurate. __5__ Because of this, there is no promise that a self driving car can get a passenger to his or her destination. Perhaps one day, self driving cars will be everywhere. However, we are not ready for that just yet.
A．Self driving cars have disadvantages.
B．These cars had only passengers, no drivers.
C．The safety problems have already been addressed.
D．New roads are built, and old roads are closed down.
E．So why aren't self driving cars common on the road today
F．Self driving cars can react to things only once they actually occur.
G．Self driving vehicles also have difficulty adjusting to weather conditions.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。当人们在回答问题前稍做停顿时，即使只有几秒钟，他们的回答也会被认为不如立即回答来得真诚和可信。而且人们犹豫的时间越长，回应就显得越不真诚。
1．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Across all 14 experiments, participants consistently rated delayed responses less sincere regardless of the question.(在所有的14个实验中，参与者一致认为不管问题是什么，延迟的回答都不够真诚)可知，答案的可靠性取决于答复时间。
2．答案与解析：C　词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句和第四句These results can be applied to a wide range of interactions, going from workplace chats to arguments of couples and friends. Further, in job interviews and in court hearings and trials, people are often tasked with judgements of sincerity. 可知，研究结果可应用于各种交流的场合中，因此这些发现有广泛的含义。由此可推知，画线词connotations意为“含义”。
3．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Nevertheless, on the whole, a fast response seems to be regarded as more sincere, while a response that is delayed for even a couple of seconds may be considered a slow lie.(然而，总的来说，一个快速的反应似乎被认为是更真诚的，而一个反应延迟甚至几秒钟都可能被认为是一个想了很久的谎言)可知，这项研究的结果对我们生活的影响是：这是一种判断诚实与否的考验。故选A项。
4．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句It would be unfair for the responder, such as a crime suspect, if the response delay was sorted by mistake into thought control or answer making-up when it was in fact caused by a different factor, such as simply being distracted or thoughtful.(如果把反应延迟误归为思想控制或编造答案，而实际上这是由于其他因素，如只是分心或考虑太多而造成的，这对应答者来说是不公平的，比如犯罪嫌疑人)可知，延迟的回答会导致错误的判断。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了著名作家蕾切尔·卡逊的生平。
5．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的By the age of 10，she had published her first story in St. Nicholas. She would often read this magazine, as well as many others that concerned with the natural world.可知，蕾切尔·卡逊很早就是《圣尼古拉杂志》的狂热粉丝。
6．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由题干中的The Sea Around Us可快速定位到第四段的内容。根据句子Carson wrote the book with poetry and science, and she intended to spark her readers a sense of the fragility of the world's ecosystem.可以推测出，蕾切尔·卡逊写这本书的目的是提高民众的环境保护意识。
7．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Silent Spring was even republished in 1994 with an introduction from then vice-president Al Gore. 可以推测出，当时的副总统艾伯特·戈尔对《寂静的春天》这本书的态度是非常认可和支持的。
8．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的she became just the second woman to be employed by the bureau可知蕾切尔·卡逊很有才华；根据第五段中的Her concern over pesticides dates back to the 1940s和but her work on preserving the environment has continued to this day可知，蕾切尔·卡逊很有责任心。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车未能被推广应用的原因。
1．答案与解析：B　上文Self-driving cars have already been test-driven介绍无人驾驶汽车已经开始试驾；下文Passengers could do things such as eating or reading on the way.是对试驾的具体描述。B项“这些汽车里只有乘客，没有司机”承上启下，和下文一起进一步说明试驾情况。B项中的These cars指的是上文中的Self-driving cars，passengers与下文中的Passengers相呼应，符合语境。
2．答案与解析：E　下文There are issues that must be solved before self-driving cars can be made available to the public.说明自动驾驶汽车还有些问题必须解决才能投入使用。E项“那么为什么无人驾驶汽车如今在路上不常见呢？”引出下文的回答，符合语境。
3．答案与解析：F　上文One problem is that a car cannot predict problems far down the road like a driver can.说明汽车不能预测很远的路程中会出现的问题；F项“无人驾驶汽车只有在事情真正发生时才会做出反应”承接上文，进一步解释上文，下文For example，a driver can see that a child is riding her skateboard directly across the road 0.3 km away and start to slow down. A self-driving car can react only once the child is in its immediate path.是对上文的举例说明。
4．答案与解析：G　下文They may become confused by fog, heavy rain, or road spray from another vehicle's wheels.说明它们(无人驾驶汽车)可能会被天气等因素所困扰，G项“无人驾驶汽车在适应天气情况方面也有困难”引出下文，下文是对选项的具体说明。G项中的weather conditions和下文中的fog，heavy rain相呼应。
5．答案与解析：D　上文Another issue is that self-driving cars have maps programmed into their memory, but these maps aren't always updated and accurate.说明自动驾驶汽车内设的地图不一定准确，D项“新的道路被修建，而旧的道路被关闭”承接上文，是对上文的解释，说明道路在不断地变化，而地图不能及时更新，符合语境。课时作业(三)　Unit 1　Section Ⅲ　Extended reading & Project
阅读理解
A
Does the amount of cash in a lost wallet influence how likely a person is to return it Traditional economic theories suggest that the greater the attraction, the less likely we are to be honest. But a new study found altruism (利他主义), and the powerful hate for viewing oneself as a “thief” are more important than the financial attraction.
A team of researchers carried out a huge experiment concerning 355 cities in 40 countries. More than 17，000 similar wallets were dropped at public places, each containing a grocery list, a key, and three business cards in the local language using made up names and an email address. Some had no money while others contained the equal amount of $13.45.
According to the research, people on average returned 40% of wallets with no money in them but 51% with money. It also shows extreme differences between countries. But although rates of people's honesty varied greatly from country to country, one thing remained still similar: Wallets with money, compared to no money, raised reporting rates.
In the US, the UK and Poland, they repeated the experiment with even more money: $94.15, which increased reporting rates by an average of 11% compared to the smaller amount. They also found that putting a key increased reporting rates by 9.2%.
The findings, which run__counter__to a basic principle of classical economics, suggest honesty, altruism and the self image can sometimes be more influential than economic self interest.
A purely economic approach to behaviour suggests people would keep the wallets with the larger amount of money due to the increased financial reward, but economics often doesn't explain a person's sense of honesty or self image, according to behavioural scientists. Altruism also influenced the findings, the researchers said. Since the key is valuable to the owner but not the finder, this pointed towards an altruistic concern in addition to the cost of negatively updating one's self image.
1．The author mentions traditional economic theories in Paragraph 1 in order to ________．
A．introduce a topic
B．attract readers' interest
C．add some background information
D．describe some traditional theories
2．What's the average reporting rate of a wallet with $94.15 inside
A．11% . B．20.2%.
C．51% . D．62%.
3．What does the underlined phrase “run counter to” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Go against. B．Similar to.
C．Agree with. D．Focus on.
4．What's the main idea of the text
A．Traditional economic theories have already been old fashioned.
B．People are more likely to return a lost wallet with more cash.
C．An experiment done worldwide proves people's altruism.
D．Different countries have different rates of people's honesty.
B
The other day on a cold night, I left my wife and drove from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, a distance of about 50 miles. It was rather late. Several times I got stuck behind a slow moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient.
At one point along an open road, I came to a crossing with a traffic light. I was alone on the road, but as I drove near the light, it turned red and I made a stop. I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car and no suggestion of car lamps, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being within at least a mile in any direction.
I started wondering why I refused to run the red light. I was not afraid of being caught, because there was clearly no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.
Much later that night, the question of why I'd stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because it's part of a contract (契约) we all have with each other. It's not only a law but also an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honour it: We don't go through red lights.
Trust is our first inclination. Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us. The whole construction of our society depends on mutual (相互的) trust, not distrust. We do what we say we'll do; we show up when we say we'll show up; and we pay when we say we'll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and we're angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.
I am so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.
5．How does the author feel about the truck driver
A．Pleased. B．Satisfied.
C．Sorry. D．Annoyed.
6．What can we infer about the author
A．He hates driving at night.
B．He desired to run the red light that night.
C．He approves of obeying traffic rules by himself.
D．He is easy when suffering the traffic jam.
7．What is the meaning of the underlined word “inclination” in Paragraph 5
A．Tendency. B．Faith.
C．Adjustment. D．Guidance.
8．What should we do to create a better society according to the author
A．Be polite to others.
B．Improve traffic rules.
C．Be patient and helpful.
D．Trust each other.
C
My father loves his garden. He planted some seeds in it. But at that time, I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much.
Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips, so she couldn't take care of the garden. I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often, so I didn't think much about the garden.
One Saturday morning, my father said to me, “Christine, the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let's have a salad today！” I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them!
I panicked for a moment, but then I quietly went to the nearest store to buy some vegetables. When I gave the salad to him, he said, “Oh, Christine, what a beautiful salad! I can't believe the carrots are this big already. You must be taking very good care of my garden.” I felt a little bit guilty.
Coming home, my mother saw the bag from the supermarket in the kitchen. I was embarrassed, and I admitted Dad wanted a salad but the garden was a disaster. I didn't want to disappoint him so I went to the store. She laughed but promised to help me in the garden and weeks later I was finally able to pick some vegetables.
I carefully made a salad and took it to my father. He looked at it with a hint of a smile, “Christine, the carrots are smaller in this salad, but they taste better.”
Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they may be. Perhaps this was one of the reasons for my father's love of gardening.
9．Why did Christine originally promise she would do the gardening
A．She was asked by her father to do it.
B．She was interested in growing vegetables.
C．She knew it was important to her father.
D．She wanted to improve her gardening skills.
10．Which of the following was a problem in the garden
A．Insects destroyed the lettuce and carrots.
B．Animals often dug holes in the garden.
C．The plants were given too much water.
D．The vegetables were marked incorrectly.
11．Why could Christine secretly use the store bought vegetables to make the salad
A．Her mother helped her to buy the vegetables.
B.Her mother regularly helped her to make a salad.
C．Her father couldn't see the progress of the vegetables in his garden.
D．Her father went on a business trip at that time.
12．What did Christine learn from her experience of gardening
A．Always get ready for a rainy day.
B．Don't be disappointed by bugs.
C．Working alone produces results.
D．Hard work can often be rewarding.
阅读理解
A
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究的发现：丢失钱包里的钱越多，人们越有可能归还钱包。
1．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的Does the amount of cash in a lost wallet influence how likely a person is to return it？(丢失钱包里的现金数量会影响人们归还钱包的可能性吗？)和Traditional economic theories suggest that the greater the attraction, the less likely we are to be honest. But a new study found altruism...(传统经济学理论认为，诱惑越大，我们越不可能诚实。但一项新的研究发现利他主义……)可知，此处作者提出传统经济学理论是为了回答前一句的问题，也是为了引出本文讨论的话题。
2．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的According to the research, people on average returned 40% of wallets with no money in them but 51% with money.(根据这项研究，人们归还没装钱的钱包的平均概率是40%，而归还装钱的钱包的概率是51%。)和第四段中的In the US, the UK and Poland, they repeated the experiment with even more money: $94.15, which increased reporting rates by an average of 11% compared to the smaller amount.可知，在钱包里放94.15美元的这个实验中，钱包被归还的概率应该用51%加上11%等于62%。
3．答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在的句子可知，研究发现表明诚实、利他主义和自我形象有时可能比经济利己主义更具影响力。将其与第一段的Traditional economic theories suggest that the greater the attraction, the less likely we are to be honest.对比可知，这项研究的发现与传统经济学理论是相反的，由此猜测run counter to的意思是“与……相反”。
4．答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。阅读文章可知，文章主要介绍了一项新研究，研究结果表明丢失钱包里的钱越多，人们越有可能归还钱包。所以B项(人们更有可能归还一个装有更多现金的丢失钱包。)能够概括本文的主要内容。
B
【语篇解读】　本文讲述了作者深夜在空无一人的十字路口，仍然遵守交通规则，没有闯红灯，而为自己的行为感到自豪的故事。作者通过自身的经历论述人与人之间的相互信任是社会构成的基础。
5．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。由第一段中的Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I became increasingly impatient. 可知，作者有好几次被堵在一辆行驶缓慢的卡车后面，但是他又不能超车，所以变得越来越没有耐心，他应是对卡车司机感到恼火。
6．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。由第二段中的it turned red and I made a stop... waiting for the light to change及最后一段I am so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.可知，即使街上空无一人，作者仍然没有闯红灯，他为自己的行为感到自豪，由此可推断，作者对自己遵守交通规则的行为表示赞同。
7．答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。由倒数第二段中的Doubting others does not seem to be natural to us.可知，怀疑别人对我们来说似乎不是本能的；怀疑与信任是相对的，由此可推断信任才是我们的本能，也就是说我们倾向于相信别人，由此可猜测inclination是“倾向”的意思。
【方法总结】　利用关键词的对比关系解词义猜测题
词义猜测题难度相对较大，考生在解答词义猜测题的时候要善于利用前后文的关键线索解题，如句子前后的对比关系。这种对比关系往往借助一些关键词来表现，如but, while, otherwise, however, though, yet, unlike, other than, on the other hand, instead of等，利用这种对比关系往往可以快速确定答案。如本题就是利用trust和doubt之间的对比关系来确定答案的。
8．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的The whole construction of our society depends on mutual trust, not distrust. 及We trust each other in these matters, and we're angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.可知，社会建立在人与人之间的相互信任之上，我们会对那些打破信任的人或团体感到愤怒或失望，由此可推断相互信任有助于构建一个更美好的社会。
C
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己帮助生病的父亲照顾菜园的故事告诉我们：为照看一些东西而付出努力可以让你更加珍惜最后的成果，无论成果是多么微不足道。
9．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much和第二段中的I didn't want my father to worry, so I said that I would take care of his garden until he recovered.可知，作者答应父亲照顾菜园是因为作者知道菜园对父亲很重要，她不想让父亲担心。
10．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的I went out to the garden and was upset to see that many of the lettuce leaves and carrots had been half eaten by bugs. There were hundreds of bugs all over them！可知，菜园的问题是很多生菜叶和胡萝卜被虫子吃掉了一半。
11．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的I can't believe the carrots are this big already. You must be taking very good care of my garden. 可推知，父亲没有见到菜园的蔬菜的生长情况，所以作者可以偷偷地用从商店买的蔬菜做沙拉。
12．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they may be.可推知，作者从这次的经历中学到付出努力常常是有回报的。

展开更多......

收起↑